Phenomenology of non-universal gaugino masses in supersymmetric grand unified theories
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HIP-2005-05/TH hep-ph/0502100Phenomenology of non-universal gaugino masses in supersymmetric grand uni?ed theories Katri Huitu,1,2,?Jari Laamanen,1,2,?Pran N.Pandita,3,?and Sourov Roy 2,§1High Energy Physics Division,Department of Physical Sciences,P.O.Box 64,FIN-00014University of Helsinki,Finland 2Helsinki Institute of Physics,P.O.Box 64,FIN-00014University of Helsinki,Finland 3Department of Physics,North-Eastern Hill University,Shillong 793022,India (Received February 2,2008)Abstract Grand uni?ed theories can lead to non-universal boundary conditions for the gaugino masses at the uni?cation scale.We consider the implications of such non-universal boundary conditions for the composition of the lightest neutralino as well as for the upper bound on its mass in the simplest supersymmetric grand uni?ed theory based on the SU (5)gauge group.We derive sum rules for neutralino and chargino masses in di?erent representations of SU (5)which lead to di?erent non-universal boundary conditions for the gaugino masses at the uni?cation scale.We also consider the phenomenological implications of the non-universal gaugino masses arising from a grand uni?ed theory in the context of Large Hadron Collider.In particular we investigate the detection of heavy neutral Higgs bosons H 0,A 0from H 0,A 0→?χ02?χ02→4l ,and study the possibilities of detecting the neutral Higgs bosons in cascade decays,including the decays ?χ02→h 0(H 0,A 0)?χ01→b ˉb ?χ01.
PACS numbers:12.60.Jv,11.30.Er,14.80.Ly
I.INTRODUCTION
Supersymmetry is at present an attractive framework in which the Higgs sector of the Standard Model(SM),so crucial for its consistency,is technically natural.It is widely expected that some of the supersymmetric partners of the SM particles will be produced at the CERN Large Hadron Collider(LHC)which is going to start operation in a few years time. In the experimental search for supersymmetry(SUSY)the lightest supersymmetric particle will play a crucial role since the heavier supersymmetric particles will decay into it.In SUSY models with R-parity conservation,the lightest supersymmetric particle is absolutely stable.The lightest supersymmetric particle is constrained to be a weakly interacting neutral particle[1].
In most of the supersymmetric models the lightest neutralino(?χ01),which is typically an admixture of gauginos and higgsinos,is the lightest supersymmetric particle(LSP).Such an LSP is a good candidate for a particle dark matter[2].From the point of view of experimental discovery of supersymmetry at a collider like the LHC,the LSP is the?nal product of the cascade decay of a SUSY particle.In this work we will assume that the LSP is the lightest neutralino,and that it escapes the collider experiments undetected. The cascade chain will typically also contain other neutralinos(?χ0j,j=2,3,4)as well as charginos(?χ±i,i=1,2).The charginos are an admixture of charged gauginos and charged higgsinos.The composition and mass of the neutralinos and charginos will play a key role in the search for supersymmetric particles.These properties determine also the time-scale of their decays.The mass patterns of the neutralinos in models with di?erent particle content, or with speci?c SUSY breaking patterns were considered in some detail in[3,4].
Although most of the phenomenological studies involving neutralinos and charginos have been performed with universal gaugino masses at the grand uni?cation scale,there is no compelling theoretical reason for such a choice.Gaugino masses follow from higher dimen-sional interaction terms which involve gauginos and auxiliary parts of chiral super?elds in a given supersymmetric model.Assuming an SU(5)grand uni?ed theory(GUT)model, the auxiliary part of a chiral super?eld in these higher dimensional terms can be in the representation1,24,75,or200,or some combination of these,of the underlying SU(5) gauge group.If the auxiliary?eld of one of the SU(5)nonsinglet chiral super?elds obtains a vacuum expectation value(VEV),then the gaugino masses are not universal at the grand
uni?cation scale.Moreover,nonuniversal soft supersymmetry breaking masses,like gaugino masses,are a necessary feature in some of the supersymmetric models,e.g.in anomaly mediated supersymmetry breaking models the gaugino masses are not uni?ed[5].
As indicated above,the phenomenology of supersymmetric models depends crucially on the composition of neutralinos and charginos.Thus,it is important to investigate the changes in the experimental signals for supersymmetry with the changes in the composition of neutralinos and charginos that may arise because of the changes in the underlying bound-ary conditions at the grand uni?cation scale,or when the underlying supersymmetric model is changed.The implications of nonuniversal gaugino masses has been considered in a num-ber of works,e.g.in a study of constraints arising from experimental measurements[6,7,8], and in the context of supersymmetric dark matter[9,10].In[8],the decays of the second lightest neutralino were studied in the context of nonuniversal gaugino masses.
In this paper we shall study the implications of the nonuniversal gaugino masses for the phenomenology of neutral Higgs bosons.It has been known for quite some time that the cascade decays of the SUSY particles may be a major source of the Higgs bosons[11,12,13]: the copiously produced strongly interacting particles can cascade decay to the Higgs bosons. In addition to the obvious interest in producing the Higgs bosons,it has been realized that this method of producing the Higgs bosons does not depend on the value of tanβ.Thus,this method of producing Higgs bosons may help to cover a larger parameter space as compared to the more conventional methods of studying the Higgs sector of supersymmetric models, including also the heavier Higgs bosons.The gauginos also play an important role in the decays of Higgs bosons when they are kinematically allowed to decay to the second lightest neutralino pair,which in turn may decay to the lightest neutralinos and two leptons[14]. Such a signal seems to be relatively easy to discover at the LHC[15,16].We note here that Higgs boson production via cascade decays and detection via Higgs decay to neutralinos has been studied in CMS detector simulations at LHC[15,16,17]in the case of minimal supersymmetric standard model(MSSM)with universal gaugino masses.Here we study the Higgs production and decay when gaugino masses are nonuniversal.
The plan of the paper is as follows.In Section II we consider in detail the nonuniver-sality of gaugino masses as it arises in SU(5)supersymmetric grand uni?ed theory.In this Section we consider analytically the implications of such a nonuniversality for neutralino and chargino masses.We derive sum rules involving the neutralino and chargino squared
masses when the supersymmetry breaking gaugino masses are nonuniversal.In Section III we consider the phenomenology of Higgs bosons when the gaugino masses are nonuniversal. In this Section we consider Higgs decays to heavier neutralinos which then cascade into the lightest neutralino and leptons.In Section IV we calculate the production of squark and gluino pairs in a particular scenario where the gluinos are heavier than squarks,and then study the cascade decays of the squarks into Higgs bosons.We conclude our paper with a summary in Section V.
II.NONUNIVERSAL GAUGINO MASSES IN SUPERSYMMETRIC SU(5)
The masses and the compositions of neutralinos and charginos are determined by the soft supersymmetry breaking gaugino masses M1,M2,and M3,corresponding to U(1),SU(2), and SU(3)gauge groups,respectively,the supersymmetric Higgs mixing parameterμ,and the ratio of the vacuum expectation values of the two neutral Higgs bosons H01and H02, H02 / H01 =tanβ.In the simplest supersymmetric models with universal gaugino masses,
M1,M2,and M3are taken to be equal at the grand uni?ed scale.However,in supersymmetric theories with an underlying grand uni?ed gauge group,the gaugino masses need not be equal at the GUT scale.In this Section we consider the nonuniversality of gaugino masses as it arises in the simplest of the supersymmetric grand uni?ed theories,namely supersymmetric SU(5)grand uni?ed theory,and its implications.
In grand uni?ed supersymmetric models,including SU(5)grand uni?ed models,non-universal gaugino masses are generated by a non-singlet chiral super?eldΦn that appears linearly in the gauge kinetic function f(Φ)(the chiral super?eldsΦare classi?ed into a set of gauge singlet super?eldsΦs,and gauge nonsinglet super?eldsΦn,respectively under the grand uni?ed group),which is an analytic function of the chiral super?eldsΦin the theory [18].If the auxiliary part FΦof a chiral super?eldΦin f(Φ)gets a VEV,then gaugino masses arise from the coupling of f(Φ)with the?eld strength super?eld W a.The Lagrangian for the coupling of gauge kinetic function to the gauge?eld strength is written as
L g.k.= d2θf ab(Φ)W a W b+h.c.,(1) where a and b are gauge group indices,and repeated indices are summed over.The gauge
kinetic function f ab(Φ)is
f ab(Φ)=f0(Φs)δab+ n f n(Φs)Φn ab
λaλb+h.c.,(3)
M P
whereλa,b are gaugino?elds.Note that we denote byλ1,λ2andλ3the U(1),SU(2) and SU(3)gauginos,respectively.Since the gauginos belong to the adjoint representation of SU(5),Φand FΦcan belong to any of the following representations appearing in the symmetric product of the two24dimensional representations of SU(5):
(24?24)Symm=1⊕24⊕75⊕200.(4) In the minimal,and the simplest,caseΦand FΦare assumed to be in the singlet repre-sentation of SU(5),which implies equal gaugino masses at the GUT scale.However,as is clear from the decomposition(4),Φcan belong to any of the non-singlet representations 24,75,and200of SU(5),in which case these gaugino masses are unequal but related to one another via the representation invariants[19].In Table I we show the ratios of resulting gaugino masses at tree-level as they arise when FΦbelongs to various representations of SU(5).For de?niteness,we shall study the case of each representation separately,although an arbitrary combination of these is obviously also allowed.
These results are consistent with the uni?cation of gauge couplings
αG3=αG2=αG1=αG(≈1/25),(5) at the grand uni?cation scale,where we have neglected the contribution of nonuniversality to the gauge couplings.Such contributions have little e?ect on the phenomenological aspects that we are interested in this paper.Because of the renormalization group(RG)evolution we have at any scale(at the one-loop level)[20]
M i(t)
.(6)
αi(GUT)
TABLE I:Ratios of the gaugino masses at the GUT scale in the normalization M3(GUT)=1, and at the electroweak scale in the normalization M3(EW)=1at the1-loop level.
FΦM G1M G2M G3M EW
1M EW
2
M EW
3
11110.140.291
24-0.5-1.51-0.07-0.431
75-531-0.720.871
2001021 1.440.581 Thus,at any scale we have
M1=5
cos2θW M1(GUT)sin2θW
M2(GUT)α3(GUT) .
(7)
For the24dimensional representation of SU(5),we then have
M1
2 5cos2θW
1M3=?3sin2θW 1
M3
=?5 5cos2θW 1M3=3 αα3 ,(9) and for the200dimensional representation of SU(5)we have
M1
3α
α3 ,M2sin2θW
1
M 2 [GeV], rep. 1t a n β
0 200 400 600 800 1000
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
50M 2 [GeV], rep. 24t a n β 0 200 400 600 800 1000 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
50M 2 [GeV], rep. 75t a n β
0 200 400 600 800 1000
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
50h ~2h ~1w ~b ~M 2 [GeV], rep. 200t a n β
0 200 400 600 800 1000 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
50FIG.1:Main component of the lightest neutralino in di?erent representations of SU (5)that arise in the product (4)for a common universal scalar mass m 0=1TeV given at the GUT scale.The value of M 2is calculated and plotted at the electroweak scale.
breaking scalar mass m 0(GUT )=1TeV.The values of μused in the computations were determined by requiring the radiative electroweak symmetry breaking at the relevant scale.The universal trilinear coupling A 0was set to zero at the GUT scale and the sign of the Higgs mixing parameter μwas set to +1,but the choice of the sign is not crucial to the composition of the lightest neutralino.The scan was done using the program SOFTSUSY
[21]that uses two loop RG β-functions for the relevant parameters.
For the case of the singlet representation,the dominant component is always the bino,as expected.This is also true for the 24dimensional representation of SU (5).For the singlet case the experimental mass limit of the lighter chargino (m ?χ±1
>103GeV if m ?ν>200GeV,m ?χ±1
>45GeV if m ?ν<200GeV [22])restricts the lower end of the M 2range.In the 24dimensional representation the lower end of the M 2range is restricted by the lightest
neutralino mass limit m ?χ0
1
>36GeV [22].
2004006008001000
200400
600
800
24
1
20075a)(M 21?M 22)2+M 4Z ?2(M 21?M 22)M 2Z cos 2θW
.
(11)
In Fig.2we plot this upper bound for the lightest neutralino mass for the four di?erent representations of SU (5)that we have considered in this paper.From Fig.2(a)we see that the large coe?cients in the Table I result in large di?erences in the upper bound on
-30-25
-20
-15
-10-5 0 5
10 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600
M 2s u m × 10-5 [G e V 2]m g ~ [GeV]
singlet 2475200FIG.3:The sum rule 2 m 2?χ±
i ? m 2?χ0i
as a function of the gluino mass.the mass of the lightest neutralino for the four di?erent representations in (4).Similarly,as discussed in [4],an upper bound can be obtained for the second lightest neutralino.This upper bound for ?χ02is shown in Fig.2(b).The gaugino masses here are calculated in the next-to-leading order (see e.g.[4]).
In order to study analytically the implications of the nonuniversal gaugino masses on the neutralino and chargino mass spectrum,we consider the trace of the neutralino and chargino mass squared matrices.From the trace of these matrices,we can calculate the average mass squared di?erence of the charginos and neutralinos.This mass squared di?erence depends only on the physical masses,and not on the Higgs(ino)mass parameter μor the ratio of VEV’s,tan β[20].For the four di?erent representations of SU (5)which arise in (4),we ?nd at the tree-level the sum rules
M 2sum =2(M 2?χ±1+M 2?χ±2
)?(M 2?χ01+M 2?χ02+M 2?χ03+M 2?χ04)=(α22?α21)
M 2?g 4α22?1
α23
+4m 2W ?2m 2Z ,for 24,(13)=(9α22?25α21)
M 2?g α23+4m 2W ?2m 2Z ,for 200.(15)
From these sum rules we see that at the tree-level the average mass squared di?erence between charginos and neutralinos is positive for the representations1,24and75,whereas for the representation200it is negative.In this respect the representation200resembles the anomaly mediated supersymmetry breaking scenario,where it was found that the average mass squared di?erence is negative[23].In Fig.3,we have plotted the above sum rules for the di?erent SU(5)representations that arise in(4).For the numerical evaluation of the masses,we have used the program SOFTSUSY[21],including radiative corrections to the neutralino and chargino masses.
III.HIGGS DETECTION USING H0,A0→?χ02?χ02→4l
It is often assumed,when considering the detection of the Higgs bosons in supersymmetric models,that supersymmetric partners are too heavy so that Higgs bosons cannot decay into supersymmetric particles.However,it may well be that for the heavy Higgs bosons H0,A0, and H±the decays to supersymmetric particles are important or even dominant[15,16].On the other hand,the decay branching ratios of neutralinos and charginos have been analyzed in[24].In the case of large tanβ,when the couplings to the heavy fermions are enhanced, the decays to the third generation particles have been discussed in[25].For large values of tanβ,the decays to the third generation particles for the nonuniversal gaugino masses were discussed in[8].Here we are interested in Higgs decay to?χ02,which in turn decays to electrons and muons in the case of non-universal gaugino masses.
A.Decay of?χ02to leptons
Of the supersymmetric particles,the light neutralinos?χ01,2,the light chargino?χ±1,and the lightest sleptons are usually among the lightest particles in the spectrum.Higgs decays to sleptons are suppressed because of the small coupling,which is proportional to the cor-responding lepton mass.The decay to the lightest neutralino LSP is among the invisible decays,which may be extremely di?cult to detect at the LHC.In the minimal SUGRA model,the second lightest neutralino and the lighter of the charginos have similar mass.In [15],the decay of the heavy neutral Higgs boson to a pair of the second lightest neutralinos was studied.It was found that in the case when the branching ratio of?χ02to two leptons
1
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0.60.50.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0 5 10 15 20 25 30B .R .(χ20 --> χ10 l l )tan β175μ = -500 GeV M 2 = 150 GeV m = 250 GeV
l = e + μ
(including the staus)are assumed to have soft SUSY breaking masses of250GeV and the value ofμ=-500GeV.In this analysis M2is a free parameter,and its value at the electroweak scale is taken to be150GeV.The squark masses are all taken equal to1TeV. We have also taken a large value of the trilinear scalar coupling A t=1TeV in order to have experimentally acceptable mass for the lightest Higgs boson.All the soft scalar masses, the value of A t and the value ofμare taken at the electroweak scale.The pseudoscalar Higgs mass m A is a free parameter and its value is taken to be340GeV.The value of M1 is determined from the ratio of the gaugino mass parameters in the singlet representation of SU(5)in(4).Due to the mentioned choice of M2,?χ02is predominantly a wino,and?χ01 is a bino-dominated state.The decay of?χ02into?χ01and a Z0is kinematically disallowed. The branching ratio of the three-body decay is shown in Fig.4as a function of tanβfor the singlet case as well as for the representation75.We have calculated the branching ratio using the program SDECAY[27].In this?gure the initial value of tanβis4.5,since for a lower value of tanβthe light Higgs mass m h is less than114.4GeV,which is the LEP lower limit[28].We see from the?gure that for higher values of tanβthis branching ratio decreases since the branching ratio?χ02→?χ01τ+τ?increases with tanβdue to a larger
Yukawa coupling.
For the representation75,?χ02is wino-dominated and?χ01is bino-dominated as in the singlet case.However,the mass di?erence between the?χ02and the?χ01is much smaller compared to the singlet case.As we see from Fig.4,in the low tanβregion the branching ratio for these two di?erent representations are very close though the branching ratio for the75 representation is slightly larger.This is due to the fact that BR(?χ02→?χ01qˉq)is slightly larger in the singlet case as compared to the case of75dimensional representation.The leptonic branching ratio is then almost equally distributed among the available channels.However, for large tanβthe branching ratio in the?χ01τ+τ?channel is larger for the75case than for the singlet case.For large tanβthis makes the branching ratio in the?χ01l+l?channel smaller for the case of75dimensional representation.We also note that in the case of75 dimensional representation the partial decay width of?χ02→?χ01νˉνis larger than the partial decay width of?χ02→?χ01l+l?in the large tanβregion.On the other hand,in the singlet case the partial decay width of?χ02→?χ01νˉνis always smaller than that of?χ02→?χ01l+l?.
For the set of parameters that we have discussed and in the case of the representation 200,the spectrum is such that all the left and right handed sleptons are lighter than?χ02and
1
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0.80.7
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0.50.4
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0 5
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15 20 25 30
B
.
R .
(
χ
20
-
-
>
χ
10
l
l
)
tan β
200
μ = -500 GeV M 2 = 150 GeV
m = 250 GeV l = e + μ
representation.
??χ±1and ?χ01are almost exclusively winos,and they are nearly degenerate in mass.
??χ02is predominantly a bino for |μ|>M 1.Consider the decay ?χ02→?χ01l +l ?for the 200dimensional representation.We again choose
the scalar masses in such a way that m ?l R ,m ?τ1 is highly suppressed due to the very small bino component in ?χ01,?l R will decay eventually in this mode with a one hundred percent branching ratio.Of course,one should be careful to consider the possibility of a displaced vertex in the decay of ?l R .The BR(?χ02→?χ01 l +l ?)calculated in this manner depends very strongly on μ(increases with increasing μ)since as μincreases ?χ02becomes more and more bino like,and thus the partial decay widths of ?χ02→?χ±1W ?and ?χ02→?χ01h are suppressed and the partial decay width of ?χ02→?l R l is enhanced.This makes the branching ratio into ?l R l mode larger for large values of μ.This is shown in Fig.6.The branching ratio in the channel ?χ02→?χ01Z is always very small for all values of tan β.We note that in the case of the 200dimensional representation we use the constraint m ?χ± 1 >88GeV applicable for nearly mass degenerate lighter chargino and the lightest neutralino [29]. Let us now discuss the BR(?χ02→?χ01l +l ?)for this set of parameters for the representa- tions 1and 75.We do not compare the case for the representation 24here since for the parameter choice of this ?gure the 24dimensional representation always produces a lightest neutralino with mass below the current experimental limit [22].For this set of parameters the representations 1and 75give similar kind of spectrum so that no two-body decays of ?χ02are allowed.In Fig.7we show the branching ratio for these two representations as a function of tan βand for a value of μ=500GeV.2.The case of 24 In this subsection we will consider the case of 24dimensional representation where |M 1|≈ 0.166|M 2|.We look for a set of parameters such that the mass of the lightest neutralino is not below the current experimental lower limit as was the case in the previous sub-sections.For the present study we again consider the mass spectrum m ?χ01 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.60.50.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 10 15 20 25 30B .R .(χ20 --> χ10 l l )tan β500 GeV 300 GeV μ = 250 GeV M 2 = 120 GeV m = 300 GeV m = 150 GeV l = e + μ 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.60.50.4 0.3 0.2 0.10 10 15 20 25 30B .R .(χ20 --> χ10 l l )tan β175 μ = 500 GeV M 2 = 120 GeV m = 300 GeV m = 150 GeV l = e + μ2[Z i 3(Z j 2?Z j 1tan θW )+Z j 3(Z i 2?Z i 1tan θW )]?i ,S ′′ij =1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.60.50.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 10 15 20 25 30B .R .(χ20 --> χ10 l l )tan β24μ = -200 GeV M 2 = 750 GeV m = 300 GeV m = 150 GeV l = e + μ 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.11000 900 800700600500400300200100B .R .(H 0 --> χ02 χ02)m A (GeV) tan β = 6.5m = 300 GeV μ = 500 GeV M 2 = 120 GeV m = 150 GeV 751200 3020 15 12 10 9 8 7 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 t a n βm A (GeV)1510Representation 1 FIG.11:Contours of σ(pp ?→H 0,A 0?→?χ02?χ 02?→4l +X )in fb,where l =e ±or μ±and X represents invisible ?nal state particles.This is the case for the singlet representation.Other MSSM parameters are the same as in Fig.9.√s =14TeV for two di?erent representation,the singlet and 75.We show the contours of constant cross section in the (m A ,tan β)plane for a representative set of MSSM parameters at the electroweak scale.As in Fig.9,we have taken μ=500GeV,M 2=120GeV,all left slepton masses to be 300GeV and all the right slepton masses to be 150GeV.All squark masses are taken to be 1TeV.The top mass is m t =178GeV and the bottom mass m b is 4.25GeV.The production cross section gg →H 0/A 0has been calculated in the next-to-leading order using the package HIGLU [33],which is based on the calculations in Ref.[34].For the gluon distribution function we have used the distribution given in [35].We note that for low values of tan βthis channel dominates the production cross section.We have also considered the inclusive associated production q ˉq ,gg →b ˉbH 0/A 0at the leading order [36](which is essentially the leading order subprocess b ˉb →H 0/A 0).The factorization and the renormalization scale are chosen to be μF =μR =(m H/A +2m b )/2.The process gg →b ˉbH 0/A 0as well as the process gg →H 0/A 0is enhanced for larger values 3020 15 12 10 987 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 t a n βm A (GeV) 1 5 7 Representation 75 FIG.12:Contours of σ(pp ?→H 0,A 0?→?χ02?χ02?→4l +X )in fb,where l =e ±or μ±and X represents invisible ?nal state particles.This is the case for the representation 75.Other MSSM parameters are the same as in Fig.9.√ 如何写先进个人事迹 篇一：如何写先进事迹材料 如何写先进事迹材料 一般有两种情况：一是先进个人，如先进工作者、优秀党员、劳动模范等；一是先进集体或先进单位，如先进党支部、先进车间或科室，抗洪抢险先进集体等。无论是先进个人还是先进集体，他们的先进事迹，内容各不相同，因此要整理材料，不可能固定一个模式。一般来说，可大体从以下方面进行整理。 (1)要拟定恰当的标题。先进事迹材料的标题，有两部分内容必不可少，一是要写明先进个人姓名和先进集体的名称，使人一眼便看出是哪个人或哪个集体、哪个单位的先进事迹。二是要概括标明先进事迹的主要内容或材料的用途。例如《王鬃同志端正党风的先进事迹》、《关于评选张鬃同志为全国新长征突击手的材料》、《关于评选鬃处党支部为省直机关先进党支部的材料》等。 (2)正文。正文的开头，要写明先进个人的简要情况，包括：姓名、性别、年龄、工作单位、职务、是否党团员等。此外，还要写明有关单位准备授予他(她)什么荣誉称号，或给予哪种形式的奖励。对先进集体、先进单位，要根据其先进事迹的主要内容，寥寥数语即应写明，不须用更多的文字。 然后，要写先进人物或先进集体的主要事迹。这部分内容是全篇材料 的主体，要下功夫写好，关键是要写得既具体，又不繁琐；既概括，又不抽象；既生动形象，又很实在。总之，就是要写得很有说服力，让人一看便可得出够得上先进的结论。比如，写一位端正党风先进人物的事迹材料，就应当着重写这位同志在发扬党的优良传统和作风方面都有哪些突出的先进事迹，在同不正之风作斗争中有哪些突出的表现。又如，写一位搞改革的先进人物的事迹材料，就应当着力写这位同志是从哪些方面进行改革的，已经取得了哪些突出的成果，特别是改革前后的．经济效益或社会效益都有了哪些明显的变化。在写这些先进事迹时，无论是先进个人还是先进集体的，都应选取那些具有代表性的具体事实来说明。必要时还可运用一些数字，以增强先进事迹材料的说服力。 为了使先进事迹的内容眉目清晰、更加条理化，在文字表述上还可分成若干自然段来写，特别是对那些涉及较多方面的先进事迹材料，采取这种写法尤为必要。如果将各方面内容材料都混在一起，是不易写明的。在分段写时，最好在每段之前根据内容标出小标题，或以明确的观点加以概括，使标题或观点与内容浑然一体。 最后，是先进事迹材料的署名。一般说，整理先进个人和先进集体的材料，都是以本级组织或上级组织的名义；是代表组织意见的。因此，材料整理完后，应经有关领导同志审定，以相应一级组织正式署名上报。这类材料不宜以个人名义署名。 写作典型经验材料-般包括以下几部分： (1)标题。有多种写法，通常是把典型经验高度集中地概括出来，一 How to manage time Time treats everyone fairly that we all have 24 hours per day. Some of us are capable to make good use of time while some find it hard to do so. Knowing how to manage them is essential in our life. Take myself as an example. When I was still a senior high student, I was fully occupied with my studies. Therefore, I hardly had spare time to have fun or develop my hobbies. But things were changed after I entered university. I got more free time than ever before. But ironically, I found it difficult to adjust this kind of brand-new school life and there was no such thing called time management on my mind. It was not until the second year that I realized I had wasted my whole year doing nothing. I could have taken up a Spanish course. I could have read ten books about the stories of successful people. I could have applied for a part-time job to earn some working experiences. B ut I didn’t spend my time on any of them. I felt guilty whenever I looked back to the moments that I just sat around doing nothing. It’s said that better late than never. At least I had the consciousness that I should stop wasting my time. Making up my mind is the first step for me to learn to manage my time. Next, I wrote a timetable, setting some targets that I had to finish each day. For instance, on Monday, I must read two pieces of news and review all the lessons that I have learnt on that day. By the way, the daily plan that I made was flexible. If there’s something unexpected that I had to finish first, I would reduce the time for resting or delay my target to the next day. Also, I would try to achieve those targets ahead of time that I planed so that I could reserve some more time to relax or do something out of my plan. At the beginning, it’s kind of difficult to s tick to the plan. But as time went by, having a plan for time in advance became a part of my life. At the same time, I gradually became a well-organized person. Now I’ve grasped the time management skill and I’m able to use my time efficiently. 英语演讲稿：未来的工作 这篇《英语演讲稿范文：未来的工作》，是特地，希望对大家有所帮助！ 热门演讲推荐：竞聘演讲稿 | 国旗下演讲稿 | 英语演讲稿 | 师德师风演讲稿 | 年会主持词 | 领导致辞 everybody good afternoon:. first of all thank the teacher gave me a story in my own future ideal job. everyone has a dream job. my dream is to bee a boss, own a pany. in order to achieve my dreams, i need to find a good job, to accumulate some experience and wealth, it is the necessary things of course, in the school good achievement and rich knowledge is also very important. good achievement and rich experience can let me work to make the right choice, have more opportunities and achievements. at the same time, munication is very important, because it determines whether my pany has a good future development. so i need to exercise their municative ability. i need to use all of the free time to learn 世界经典哲学类书籍 哲学，是理论化、系统化的世界观，是自然知识、社会知识、思维知识的概括和总结,是世界观和方法论的统一。是社会意识的具体存在和表现形式，是以追求世界的本源、本质、共性或绝对、终极的形而上者为形式，以确立哲学世界观和方法论为内容的社会科学。 《性心理学》 《作为意志和表象的世界》 《理想国》 《西方哲学史》 《自然哲学的数学原理》 《权力意志》 《新工具》 《纯粹理性批判》《文明论概略》 《劝学篇》 《伦理学》 《耶稣传》 《时间简史》 《逻辑哲学论》 《精神现象学》 《物性论》 《感觉的分析》 《精神分析引论》《基督何许人也——基督抹煞论》 《科学的社会功能》《人有人的用处》《科学史》 《人类理智新论》《逻辑学》 《哲学研究》 《新系统及其说明》《道德情操论》 《实践理性批判》《美学》 《判断力批判》 《基督教的本质》《薄伽梵歌》 《伦理学中的形式主义与质料的价值伦理学》《物种起源》 《物理学》《人类的由来》 《人性论》 《人是机器》 《法哲学原理》 《狄德罗哲学选集》 《野性的思维》 《哲学史教程》 《科学与近代世界》 《人类的知识》 《精神分析引论新编》 《自然宗教对话录》 《基督教并不神秘》 《科学中华而不实的 作风》 《一年有半，续一年有 半》 《时间与自由意志》 《哲学辞典》 《历史理性批判文集》 《苏鲁支语录》 《文化科学和自然科 学》 《十六、十七世纪科 学、技术和哲学史》 《科学哲学的兴起》 《灵魂论及其他》 《斯宾诺莎书信集》 《实验心理学史》 《最后的沉思》 《纯粹现象学通论》 《近代心理学历史导 引》 《佛教逻辑》 《神圣人生论》 《逻辑与知识》 《论原因、本原与太 一》 《形而上学导论》 《诗学》 《路标》 《心的概念》 《计算机与人脑》 《十七世纪英格兰的 科学、技术与社会》 《卡布斯教诲录》 《薄伽梵歌论》 《尼各马可伦理学》 《论老年论友谊论责 任》 《实用主义》 《我的哲学的发展》 《拓扑心理学原理》 《在通向语言的途中》 《科学社会学》 《埃克哈特大师文集》 《逻辑大全》 《简论上帝、人及其心 灵健康》 《宗教的本质》 《论灵魂》 《科学的价值》 《内时间意识现象学》 《艺术即经验》 《宗教与科学》 《感觉与可感物》 《行为的结构》 《真理与方法》 《阿维斯塔》 《善的研究》 《人类知识原理》 《伦理学体系》 《科学与方法》 《第一哲学（上下卷）》 《物理学理论的目的 与结构》 《思维方式》 《发生认识论原理》 《爱因斯坦文集》 《伦理学的两个基本问题》 《数理哲学导论 《耶稣传（第一、二卷）》 《美学史》 《原始思维》 《面向思的事情》 《普通认识论》 《莱布尼茨与克拉克论战 书信集》 《对莱布尼茨哲学的批评 性解释》 《物理学和哲学》 《尼采（上下卷）》 《思想录》 《道德原则研究》 《自我的超越性》 《实验医学研究导论》 《巴曼尼得斯篇》 《人类理解论》 《笛卡尔哲学原理》 《人生的亲证》 《认识与谬误》 《哲学史讲演录》 《圣教论》 《哲学作为严格的科学》 《人类知识起源论》 《回忆苏格拉底》 《心的分析》 《任何一种能够作为科学 出现的未来形而上学导论》 《科学与假设》 《宗教经验之种种》 《声音与现象》 《苏格拉底的申辩》 《论个人在历史上的作用 问题》 《论有学识的无知》 《保卫马克思》 《艺术的起源》 小学生个人读书事迹简介怎么写800字 书,是人类进步的阶梯,苏联作家高尔基的一句话道出了书的重要。书可谓是众多名人的“宠儿”。历来,名人说出关于书的名言数不胜数。今天小编在这给大家整理了小学生个人读书事迹,接下来随着小编一起来看看吧! 小学生个人读书事迹1 “万般皆下品,惟有读书高”、“书中自有颜如玉,书中自有黄金屋”,古往今来,读书的好处为人们所重视,有人“学而优则仕”,有人“满腹经纶”走上“传道授业解惑也”的道路……但是,从长远的角度看,笔者认为读书的好处在于增加了我们做事的成功率,改善了生活的质量。 三国时期的大将吕蒙,行伍出身,不重视文化的学习,行文时,常常要他人捉刀。经过主君孙权的劝导,吕蒙懂得了读书的重要性,从此手不释卷,成为了一代儒将,连东吴的智囊鲁肃都对他“刮目相待”。后来的事实证明,荆州之战的胜利,擒获“武圣”关羽,离不开吕蒙的“运筹帷幄,决胜千里”,而他的韬略离不开平时的读书。由此可见,一个人行事的成功率高低,与他的对读书,对知识的重视程度是密切相关的。 的物理学家牛顿曾近说过,“如果我比别人看得更远,那是因为我站在巨人的肩上”,鲜花和掌声面前,一代伟人没有迷失方向,自始至终对读书保持着热枕。牛顿的话语告诉我们,渊博的知识能让我们站在更高、更理性的角度来看问题,从而少犯错误,少走弯路。 读书的好处是显而易见的,但是,在社会发展日新月异的今天,依然不乏对读书,对知识缺乏认知的人,《今日说法》中我们反复看到农民工没有和用人单位签订劳动合同,最终讨薪无果;屠户不知道往牛肉里掺“巴西疯牛肉”是犯法的;某父母坚持“棍棒底下出孝子”,结果伤害了孩子的身心,也将自己送进了班房……对书本,对知识的零解读让他们付出了惨痛的代价,当他们奔波在讨薪的路上,当他们面对高墙电网时,幸福,从何谈起?高质量的生活,从何谈起? 读书,让我们体会到“锄禾日当午,汗滴禾下土”的艰辛;读书,让我们感知到“四海无闲田,农夫犹饿死”的无奈;读书,让我们感悟到“为报倾城随太守,西北望射天狼”的豪情壮志。 读书的好处在于提高了生活的质量,它填补了我们人生中的空白,让我们不至于在大好的年华里无所事事,从书本中,我们学会提炼出有用的信息,汲取成长所需的营养。所以,我们要认真读书,充分认识到读书对改善生活的重要意义,只有这样,才是一种负责任的生活态度。 小学生个人读书事迹2 所谓读一本好书就是交一个良师益友,但我认为读一本好书就是一次大冒险,大探究。一次体会书的过程,真的很有意思,咯咯的笑声,总是从书香里散发;沉思的目光也总是从书本里透露。是书给了我启示,是书填补了我无聊的夜空,也是书带我遨游整个古今中外。所以人活着就不能没有书,只要爱书你就是一个爱生活的人,只要爱书你就是一个大写的人,只要爱书你就是一个懂得珍惜与否的人。可真所谓 关于坚持的英语演讲稿 Results are not important, but they can persist for many years as a commemoration of. Many years ago, as a result of habits and overeating formed one of obesity, as well as indicators of overall physical disorders, so that affects my work and life. In friends to encourage and supervise, the participated in the team Now considered to have been more than three years, neither the fine rain, regardless of winter heat, a day out with 5:00 time. The beginning, have been discouraged, suffering, and disappointment, but in the end of the urging of friends, to re-get up, stand on the playground. 成绩并不重要，但可以作为坚持多年晨跑的一个纪念。多年前，由于庸懒习惯和暴饮暴食，形成了一身的肥胖，以及体检指标的全盘失常，以致于影响到了我的工作和生活。在好友的鼓励和督促下，参加了晨跑队伍。现在算来，已经三年多了，无论天晴下雨，不管寒冬酷暑，每天五点准时起来出门晨跑。开始时，也曾气馁过、痛苦过、失望过，但最后都在好友们的催促下，重新爬起来，站到了操场上。 In fact, I did not build big, nor strong muscles, not a sport-born people. Over the past few years to adhere to it, because I have a team behind, the strength of a strongteam here, very grateful to our team, for a long time, we encourage each other, and with sweat, enjoying common health happy. For example, Friends of the several run in order to maintain order and unable to attend the 10，000 meters race, and they are always concerned about the brothers and promptly inform the place and time, gives us confidence and courage. At the same time, also came on their own inner desire and pursuit for a good health, who wrote many of their own log in order to refuel for their own, and inspiring. 其实我没有高大身材，也没健壮肌肉，天生不属于运动型的人。几年来能够坚持下来，因为我的背后有一个团队，有着强大团队的力量，在这里，非常感谢我们的晨跑队，长期以来，我们相互鼓励着，一起流汗，共同享受着健康带来的快 1.How to build a business that lasts100years 0:11Imagine that you are a product designer.And you've designed a product,a new type of product,called the human immune system.You're pitching this product to a skeptical,strictly no-nonsense manager.Let's call him Bob.I think we all know at least one Bob,right?How would that go? 0:34Bob,I've got this incredible idea for a completely new type of personal health product.It's called the human immune system.I can see from your face that you're having some problems with this.Don't worry.I know it's very complicated.I don't want to take you through the gory details,I just want to tell you about some of the amazing features of this product.First of all,it cleverly uses redundancy by having millions of copies of each component--leukocytes,white blood cells--before they're actually needed,to create a massive buffer against the unexpected.And it cleverly leverages diversity by having not just leukocytes but B cells,T cells,natural killer cells,antibodies.The components don't really matter.The point is that together,this diversity of different approaches can cope with more or less anything that evolution has been able to throw up.And the design is completely modular.You have the surface barrier of the human skin,you have the very rapidly reacting innate immune system and then you have the highly targeted adaptive immune system.The point is,that if one system fails,another can take over,creating a virtually foolproof system. 1:54I can see I'm losing you,Bob,but stay with me,because here is the really killer feature.The product is completely adaptive.It's able to actually develop targeted antibodies to threats that it's never even met before.It actually also does this with incredible prudence,detecting and reacting to every tiny threat,and furthermore, remembering every previous threat,in case they are ever encountered again.What I'm pitching you today is actually not a stand-alone product.The product is embedded in the larger system of the human body,and it works in complete harmony with that system,to create this unprecedented level of biological protection.So Bob,just tell me honestly,what do you think of my product? 2:47And Bob may say something like,I sincerely appreciate the effort and passion that have gone into your presentation,blah blah blah-- 2:56(Laughter) 2:58But honestly,it's total nonsense.You seem to be saying that the key selling points of your product are that it is inefficient and complex.Didn't they teach you 80-20?And furthermore,you're saying that this product is siloed.It overreacts, makes things up as it goes along and is actually designed for somebody else's benefit. I'm sorry to break it to you,but I don't think this one is a winner. 关于工作的优秀英语演讲稿 Different people have various ambitions. Some want to be engineers or doctors in the future. Some want to be scientists or businessmen. Still some wish to be teachers or lawers when they grow up in the days to come. Unlike other people, I prefer to be a farmer. However, it is not easy to be a farmer for Iwill be looked upon by others. Anyway,what I am trying to do is to make great contributions to agriculture. It is well known that farming is the basic of the country. Above all, farming is not only a challenge but also a good opportunity for the young. We can also make a big profit by growing vegetables and food in a scientific way. Besides we can apply what we have learned in school to farming. Thus our countryside will become more and more properous. I believe that any man with knowledge can do whatever they can so long as this job can meet his or her interest. All the working position can provide him with a good chance to become a talent. 1 ————来源网络整理，仅供供参考 个人先进事迹简介 01 在思想政治方面,xxxx同学积极向上,热爱祖国、热爱中国共产党,拥护中国共产党的领导.利用课余时间和党课机会认真学习政治理论,积极向党组织靠拢. 在学习上,xxxx同学认为只有把学习成绩确实提高才能为将来的实践打下扎实的基础,成为社会有用人才.学习努力、成绩优良. 在生活中,善于与人沟通,乐观向上,乐于助人.有健全的人格意识和良好的心理素质和从容、坦诚、乐观、快乐的生活态度,乐于帮助身边的同学,受到师生的好评. 02 xxx同学认真学习政治理论,积极上进,在校期间获得原院级三好生,和校级三好生,优秀团员称号,并获得三等奖学金. 在学习上遇到不理解的地方也常常向老师请教,还勇于向老师提出质疑.在完成自己学业的同时,能主动帮助其他同学解决学习上的难题,和其他同学共同探讨,共同进步. 在社会实践方面,xxxx同学参与了中国儿童文学精品“悦”读书系,插画绘制工作,xxxx同学在班中担任宣传委员,工作积极主动,认真负责,有较强的组织能力.能够在老师、班主任的指导下独立完成学院、班级布置的各项工作. 03 xxx同学在政治思想方面积极进取,严格要求自己.在学习方面刻苦努力,不断钻研,学习成绩优异,连续两年荣获国家励志奖学金；作 为一名学生干部,她总是充满激情的迎接并完成各项工作,荣获优秀团干部称号.在社会实践和志愿者活动中起到模范带头作用. 04 xxxx同学在思想方面,积极要求进步,为人诚实,尊敬师长.严格 要求自己.在大一期间就积极参加了党课初、高级班的学习,拥护中国共产党的领导,并积极向党组织靠拢. 在工作上,作为班中的学习委员,对待工作兢兢业业、尽职尽责 的完成班集体的各项工作任务.并在班级和系里能够起骨干带头作用.热心为同学服务,工作责任心强. 在学习上,学习目的明确、态度端正、刻苦努力,连续两学年在 班级的综合测评排名中获得第1.并荣获院级二等奖学金、三好生、优秀班干部、优秀团员等奖项. 在社会实践方面,积极参加学校和班级组织的各项政治活动,并 在志愿者活动中起到模范带头作用.积极锻炼身体.能够处理好学习与工作的关系,乐于助人,团结班中每一位同学,谦虚好学,受到师生的好评. 05 在思想方面,xxxx同学积极向上,热爱祖国、热爱中国共产党,拥护中国共产党的领导.作为一名共产党员时刻起到积极的带头作用,利用课余时间和党课机会认真学习政治理论. 在工作上,作为班中的团支部书记,xxxx同学积极策划组织各类 团活动,具有良好的组织能力. 在学习上,xxxx同学学习努力、成绩优良、并热心帮助在学习上有困难的同学,连续两年获得二等奖学金. 在生活中,善于与人沟通,乐观向上,乐于助人.有健全的人格意 识和良好的心理素质. 尊敬的领导，老师，亲爱的同学们， 大家好！我是5班的梁浩东。今天早上我坐车来学校的路上，我仔细观察了路上形形色色的人，有开着小车衣着精致的叔叔阿姨，有市场带着倦容的卖各种早点的阿姨，还有偶尔穿梭于人群中衣衫褴褛的乞丐。于是我问自己，十几年后我会成为怎样的自己，想成为社会成功人士还是碌碌无为的人呢，答案肯定是前者。那么十几年后我怎样才能如愿以偿呢，成为一个受人尊重，有价值的人呢？正如我今天演讲的题目是：自主管理。 大家都知道爱玩是我们孩子的天性，学习也是我们的责任和义务。要怎样处理好这些矛盾，提高自主管理呢？ 首先，我们要有小主人翁思想，自己做自己的主人，要认识到我们学习，生活这一切都是我们自己走自己的人生路，并不是为了报答父母，更不是为了敷衍老师。 我认为自主管理又可以理解为自我管理，在学习和生活中无处不在，比如通过老师，小组长来管理约束行为和同学们对自身行为的管理都属于自我管理。比如我们到一个旅游景点，看到一块大石头，有的同学特别兴奋，会想在上面刻上：某某某到此一游话。这时你就需要自我管理，你需要提醒自己，这样做会破坏景点，而且是一种素质低下的表现。你设想一下，如果别人家小孩去你家墙上乱涂乱画，你是何种感受。同样我们把自主管理放到学习上，在我们想偷懒，想逃避，想放弃的时候，我们可以通过自主管理来避免这些，通过他人或者自己的力量来完成。例如我会制定作息时间计划表，里面包括学习，运动，玩耍等内容的完成时间。那些学校学习尖子，他们学习好是智商高于我们吗，其实不然，在我所了解的哪些优秀的学霸传授经验里，就提到要能够自我管理，规范好学习时间的分分秒秒，只有辛勤的付出，才能取得优异成绩。 在现实生活中，无数成功人士告诉我们自主管理的重要性。十几年后我想成为一位优秀的，为国家多做贡献的人。亲爱的同学们，你们们？让我们从现在开始重视和执行自主管理，十几年后成为那个你想成为的人。 谢谢大家！ 关于工作的英语演讲稿 【篇一：关于工作的英语演讲稿】 关于工作的英语演讲稿 different people have various ambitions. some want to be engineers or doctors in the future. some want to be scientists or businessmen. still some wish to be teachers or lawers when they grow up in the days to come. unlike other people, i prefer to be a farmer. however, it is not easy to be a farmer for iwill be looked upon by others. anyway,what i am trying to do is to make great contributions to agriculture. it is well known that farming is the basic of the country. above all, farming is not only a challenge but also a good opportunity for the young. we can also make a big profit by growing vegetables and food in a scientific way. besides we can apply what we have learned in school to farming. thus our countryside will become more and more properous. i believe that any man with knowledge can do whatever they can so long as this job can meet his or her interest. all the working position can provide him with a good chance to become a talent. 【篇二：关于责任感的英语演讲稿】 im grateful that ive been given this opportunity to stand here as a spokesman. facing all of you on the stage, i have the exciting feeling of participating in this speech competition. the topic today is what we cannot afford to lose. if you ask me this question, i must tell you that i think the answer is a word---- responsibility. in my elementary years, there was a little girl in the class who worked very hard, however she could never do satisfactorily in her lessons. the teacher asked me to help her, and it was obvious that she expected a lot from me. but as a young boy, i was so restless and thoughtless, i always tried to get more time to play and enjoy myself. so she was always slighted over by me. one day before the final exam, she came up to me and said, could you please explain this to me? i can not understand it. i 第五章老年社会工作 第一节老年社会工作概述 第二节老年社会工作的主要内容 第三节老年社会工作的主要方法 第一节老年社会工作概述 一、老年人与老年期 （一）年龄界定 生理年龄：生理指标与功能确定 心理年龄：心理活动程度确定 社会年龄：与他人交往的角色确定 （二）老年期的划分 低龄老年人：60-69岁 中龄老年人：70-79 高龄老年人：80岁以上 （三）划分的意义 1.三种年龄：不能仅凭日历年龄判断服务需求，而要关注不同个体在生理、心理与社会方面的差异。 2.三个时期：关注老年同期群的共性需要。 二、老年期的特点 （一）生理变化 1.生理变化的特点：九大生理系统老化 2.对开展老年社会工作的影响 （1）要特别关注老年人的身体健康状况； （2）处理好隐私的健康问题，如大小便； （3）帮助机构和家庭策划环境的调整。 （二）心理变化 1.智力、人格、记忆力的变化 智力：结晶智力强，但处理问题速度下降 人格：总结自己生命的意义 记忆力：记忆速度下降，动机决定是否学习 2.对开展老年社工的影响 （1）提供机会但尊重选择 （2）所有事放慢节奏 （3）关注身体健康对心理功能的重要性 （三）社会生活方面的变化 1.对老年社会生活变化的理论解释 （1）角色理论：丧失象征中年的社会角色 （2）活动理论：生活满足感与活动有积极联系 （3）撤离理论：接受减少与社会的交往 （4）延续理论：不能割裂看待老年阶段 （5）社会建构理论：老年是一个独特的个人过程 （6）现代化理论：现代化使老年人地位下降 2.理论在社会工作中的应用 （1）注意角色转变的重大生活事件 （2）注意老年个体的差异性，尊重其对生活意义的不同理解 （3）注意社会隔离可能对老年人造成的伤害 （4）改变总有可能 （5）关注社会变迁对老年人的影响，推动社会政策的调整 三、老年人的需要及问题 （一）老年人的需要 1.健康维护 2.经济保障 3.就业休闲 4.社会参与 5.婚姻家庭 6.居家安全 7.后事安排 8.一条龙照顾 （二）老年人的问题 1.慢性病问题与医疗问题 2.家庭照顾问题 3.宜居环境问题 4.代际隔阂问题 5.社会隔离问题 四、老年社会工作 （一）老年社会工作的对象 1.老年人自身：空巢、残疾、高龄老人，也包括健康老人 2.老年人周围的人：家庭成员、亲属、朋友、邻居等 3.宏观系统：单位与服务组织 （二）老年社会工作的目的 根本目标：老有所养、老有所医、老有所教、老有所学、老有所为、老有所乐 （三）老年社会工作的作用 1.个体层面：维持日常生活、获得社会支持 2.宏观层面：参与制定有关老年人的服务方案与政策 五、老年社会工作的特点 （一）老年歧视等社会价值观会影响社会工作者的态度与行为 （二）反移情是社会工作者的重要课题 （三）社会工作者要善于运用督导机制 （四）需要多学科合作 第二节老年社会工作的主要内容 一、身体健康方面的服务 二、认知与情绪问题的处理 三、精神问题的解决 四、社会支持网络的建立 五、老年人特殊问题的处理 一、身体健康方面的服务 Dear teacher and colleagues: my topic is on “spare time”. It is a huge blessing that we can work 996. Jack Ma said at an Ali's internal communication activity, That means we should work at 9am to 9pm, 6 days a week .I question the entire premise of this piece. but I'm always interested in hearing what successful and especially rich people come up with time .So I finally found out Jack Ma also had said :”i f you don’t put out more time and energy than others ,how can you achieve the success you want? If you do not do 996 when you are young ,when will you ?”I quite agree with the idea that young people should fight for success .But there are a lot of survival activities to do in a day ,I want to focus on how much time they take from us and what can we do with the rest of the time. As all we known ,There are 168 hours in a week .We sleep roughly seven-and-a-half and eight hours a day .so around 56 hours a week . maybe it is slightly different for someone . We do our personal things like eating and bathing and maybe looking after kids -about three hours a day .so around 21 hours a week .And if you are working a full time job ,so 40 hours a week , Oh! Maybe it is impossible for us at如何写先进个人事迹
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