2017年考研英语(一)考试大纲全方位解读

2017年考研英语（一）考试大纲全方位

解读

在同学们的千呼万唤中，《2017全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）考试大纲》终于与同学们见面了，现根据2017年考研英语大纲的内容，与2016年考研英语大纲对比，对2017年考研英语的考查要求和考查题型进行全面分析。

从语言知识来看，与2016年大纲相比，2017年大纲没有实质变化，大纲中明确要求“考生应能掌握5500左右的词汇以及相关词组。除掌握词汇的基本含义外，考生还应掌握词汇之间的词义关系，如同义词、近义词、反义词等；掌握词汇之间的搭配关系，如动词与介词，形容词与介词，形容词与名词等；掌握词汇生成的基本知识，如词源、词根、词缀等。”这种具体要求主要体现在对词汇的微观掌握和记忆上：词汇基本知识（词性、词形、本义和引申义等）；词际关系（同义词、反义词、形近词，动词与介词、动词与副词、形容词与介词、形容词与名词等词汇搭配关系）；词汇“背景”（词源、词根、词干、词缀）。针对考纲要求，在于提醒考生避免单词的死记硬背，要活学活用。各位考生完全可以继续按照既定的复习思路备考，但是要特别注意英语作为一门语言，运用是考查的最终目的。

就语言技能而言，与2016年大纲相比，2017年大纲没有任何变化，继续突出阅读和写作的重要性，关于阅读，强调“考生应能读懂选自各类书籍和报刊的不同类型的文字材料（生词量不超过所读材料总词汇量的3%）”；关于写作，则强调考生“应能写不同类型的应用文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、摘要、报告等，以及一般描述性、叙述性、说明性或议论性的文章（实际就是应用文和图画作文）”，同时明确了阅读和写作的考查能力要求。总的来说，上述语言知识和语言技能仍然是研究生入学英语考试的主要测评目标。

当然，在这里有必要题型广大考生一个细微的变化点在于，去年的考纲中只给出了2009——2010年真题及客观题对应的正确选项，主观题翻译给出了参考译文，而写作部分未给出范文，但在今年的考纲中就每道题的考查点、难度系数、作答思路给出了详细的分析，尤其是写作部分给出了高分作文的范文，这给同学们的提示是我们在复习时更应能明确得把握出易考点，题目的难度分布特点、尤其是在主观题部分怎样按照考纲的要求使自己的作答接近满分的要求。

对比往年考点，接下来根据2017大纲，为大家全面解析2017年考研英语的各个具体题型的总体要求：

完形填空

完形填空主要测试考生结合上下文的综合理解能力和语言运用能力，即在阅读理解的基础上对篇章结构、语法和词汇知识的运用能力的考查，这是对完形填空的定位。透过大纲可以看出对完形填空考核的重点：语法、固定搭配、近义词辨析和逻辑关系。考生可从历年真题中按照这几大重点去准备和复习有关考研完形填空方面的知识点，这样可以做到事半功倍的效果。

同时考虑到完形填空在历年考研中得分较低，考生解答完形填空题时，要多从上下文的角度来考虑，并运用逻辑推理，大到对文章整体，小到对句子之间和句子内部综合把握。此外，要多从惯用法和搭配的角度来考虑问题，平时考试就要对惯用法和搭配多多积累。

阅读理解

就阅读理解（Part A）而言，由于这是一个大家非常熟悉的题型，也连着考了十几年，命题专家都有丰富的经验来应对它，因此每次考试最稳定的就是四选一的阅读理解题。就文章题材来说，近几年越来越重视对人文科学的考查，平时要多注重阅读一些英美经济文化科技方面的报刊书籍，例如The Economist （经济学家），Newsweek （新闻周刊），Time （时代周刊）以及The Times （泰晤士报）上面的文章。在寻找材料时，要有选择，比如说不要涉及政治方面及时事方面比较敏感的话题，如种族歧视、宗教信仰、战争评论等。

关于阅读理解文章来源，根据2017大纲，文章来源依旧是英语国家原版报刊或书籍，绝大多数是评论性的文章（即除文学作品以外的其他类型的短文）。由于新闻记者惯用“引用”的方法，考研的文章经常喜欢正反交替举例，先说作者认同的，然后又是作者要批评的、揭露的，再是用实例来论证作者的观点。这种语篇思维模式会给考生在阅读理解中造成很大的障碍。正因为难，考研命题专家就非常青睐这类语篇，来命题目。近两年，这种题目每次都有，而且得分率也很低，因此需要大家平时阅读时要多注重对于作者观点、立足点、态度语气的把握。

最后从语言难度来看，历年的阅读文章无论从词汇方面还是从句子方面都是有一定难度的，命题侧重考查了推理判断题以及细节事实题。2017年的阅读难度依旧，文章读起来不会很容易，选项仍然会很“刁”。生词依然存在，但其比例仍然维持在3%左右。命题的风格、诱惑手段和解题思路也会和往年一致。

新题型

该题型要求考生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系，理解句子之间、段落之间的关系，对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握，并具备运用语法知识分析理解长难句的能力。05、06年考查的是难度相对较大的第一种完形填句（段）题，而07年则选择了难度相对较低的第三种——选择小标题。08、09年继续选择的是完形填句题。10、11年考查的是第二种排序题。不同的题型考查的重点不同，因此有不同的解题思路和技巧，需要考生全面把握，尤其是对于完形填句（段）题和排序题，是对语言能力和阅读理解能力的综合测试，因此在要求上远远高于小标题选择题和观点例证题，考生有必要对这类题型的答题思路多练习，以提高自己在这个部分的应试能力。

翻译

纵观往年考研试题，我们发现命题者有一个非常清楚的或者非常明显的趋势和导向，就是对于比较难和复杂的句子结构和文章的考查是加大比重了。这个体现在我们各个部分的题型当中，尤其以英译汉部分最为明显。这个也反映出我们的命题者在考虑到各位同学在进入

研究生学习之后需要接触大量的专业英语材料，这些材料的特点就是语言结构比较复杂，所以在考研当中考查考生对复杂语言结构和复杂长难句的理解能力就成为了最近几年考试非常明显的特点和趋势。

根据2017大纲，2017年的翻译不会有任何变化，依旧考查在准确理解的基础上，按照英语语法结构拆分句子，准确、通顺翻译汉语的能力。翻译考点不变，主要考点还是包含对定语从句、状语从句等翻译的考查。考生只需按照自己原有的复习计划进行就可以，不必为翻译作任何复习计划的调整。

写作

根据2017年大纲，2017年的大作文从命题形式上看，还是考核图表和漫画作文。从命题内容上来看，今年的漫画或图表作文一定还是有关于教育、职业道德、身体健康、家庭关系、环境保护、人口增长以及文化交流等话题。

考研大作文（20分）的要求是很好地完成试题规定的任务：包含所有内容要点；使用丰富的语法结构和词汇；语言自然流畅，语法错误极少；有效地采用了多种衔接手段，文字连贯，层次清晰。平时练习主要注意两个方面：首先，语言是第一要素；其次，结构层次要清晰。

在语言方面，应把语言错误降低到最低限度。语言错误大致在如下几个方面：第一，主谓一致；第二，时态；第三，冠词的用法；第四，名词的单复数；第五，搭配问题；第六，单词的拼写。检查核对的时候，一般不要作内容上进行修改。阅卷者根本不会意识到所加的一句话有多么重要，文章多一句话少一句话是不会改变阅卷者印象的。

根据考试大纲，小作文与2016年大纲相比没有变化，但是同学们应注意，除了要准备我们一直重点强调的书信类应用文外，类似通知这种告示类的应用文及摘要也是我们备考的重点之一，全面备考，从容应对。

应用文写作能力的提高不可能一蹴而就，必须经过长期的实践锻炼。重点要注意语域和格式两个问题。在复习阶段，应用文的写作，首先要熟悉不同类型的应用文写作格式，注意事项，写作特点等。其次要背诵大量的优秀范文。更重要的是，是要多动手写作，要写出属于自己的文章。

2017年的英语大纲与2016年相比保持稳定性，各位考生可以继续既定复习思路和计划。当然，千里之行始于足下，各位考生一定要脚踏实地落实自己的计划，这样才能达到事半功倍的效果。

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考研英语词汇 accommodate 使适应，使符合一致accommodate oneself to changed circumstances accompany 陪伴，伴随She was accompanied to a dinner by her friend. accomplish 达到（目的），完成（任务），实现（计划，诺言等）accomplish one's purpose accord 使符合，相一致(with) His violent action do not accord with his peaceful words. account 记述，叙述give a brief account of what has happened accumulate 积累，积攒，积聚accumulate wisdom accurate 准确的，精确的an accurate estimate accuse 指控，指责They accused her publicly of stealing their books. accustom 使习惯于accustom oneself to rising (to rise) early acquaint 使认识，使了解 activate 使活动起来，使开始起作用，启动They have planted secret agents in many countries who could be activated whenever needed. acute 尖锐的，敏锐的an acute thinker

address 演说 a television address adhere 黏附，附着Paste is used to make one surface adhere to another. adjacent 临近的，毗邻的(to) a city and its adjacent suburbs adjoin 贴近，与...毗邻His house adjoins the lake. administrate 掌管，料理...的事务In many Japanese homes, the funds are administrated by the wife. adolescent （尤指16岁以下的）青少年 a film aimed at adolescents advance 使向前移动advance a chessman advantage 有利条件，优点Sitting Presidents hold built-in advantages when seeking another term. adverse 不友好的，敌对的She felt adverse to her husband's friends. advocate 拥护，提倡，主张advocate self-defence aesthetic 美学的，艺术的，审美an aesthetic theory affliliate 使隶属（或附属）于，使成为会员 a government affiliated company affirm 断言，申明affirm the truth of a statement aggravate 加重，加剧，恶化aggravate the declining economy aggressive 侵犯的，侵略的an aggressive weapon agitate 搅动（液体等）The machine agitated the mixture. alarm 惊恐，忧虑The bandits scattered in alarm. alert 警惕的，留神的In our reading we should always be alert for

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