大学英语精读第3册 第3课 课文及课后答案

UNIT 3
TEXT
Every teacher probably asks himself time and again: What are the reasons for choosing teaching as a career? Do the rewards of teaching outweigh the trying moments? Answering these questions in not a simple task. Let's see what the author says.

Why I Teach
Peter G.Beidler
Why do you teach? My friend asked the question when I told him that I didn't want to be considered for an administrative position. He was puzzled that I did not want what was obviously a "step up" toward what all Americans are taught to want when they grow up: money and power.
Certainly I don't teach because teaching is easy for me. Teaching is the most difficult of the various ways I have attempted to earn my living: mechanic, carpenter, writer. For me, teaching is a red- eye, sweaty-palm, sinking-stomach profession. Red-eye, because I never feel ready to teach no matter how late I stay up preparing. Sweaty-palm, because I'm always nervous before I enter the classroom, sure that I will be found out for the fool that I am. Sinking-stomach, because I leave the classroom an hour later convinced that I was even more boring than usual.
Nor do I teach because I think I know answers, or because I have knowledge I feel compelled to share. Sometimes I am amazed that my students actually take notes on what I say in class!
Why, then, do I teach?
I teach because I like the pace of the academic calendar. June, July, and August offer an opportunity for reflection, research, and writing.
I teach because teaching is a profession built on change. When the material is the same, I change - and, more important, my students change.
I teach because I like the freedom to make my own mistakes, to learn my own lessons, to stimulate myself and my students. As a teacher, I'm my own boss. If I want my freshmen to learn to write by creating their own textbook, who is to say I can't? Such courses may be huge failures, but we can all learn from failures.
I teach because I like to ask questions that students must students must struggle to answer. The world is full of right answers to bad question. While teaching, I sometimes find good questions.
I teach because I enjoy finding ways of getting myself and my students out of the ivory tower and into the real world. I once taught a course called "Self- Reliance in a Technological Society." My 15 students read Emerson, Thoreau, and Huxley They kept diaries. They wrote term papers.
But we also set up a corporation, borrowed money, purchased a rundown house and practiced self-reliance by renovating it. At the end of the semester, we sold the house, repaid our loan, paid our taxes, and distributed the profits among the group.
So teaching gives me pace, and variety, and challenge, and the opportunity to keep on learning.
I have left out, however, the most important reasons why I teach.
One is Vicky, My first doctoral student, Vicky was an energetic student who labored at her dissertation on a little-known 14th century poet. She

wrote articles and sent them off to learned journals. She did it all herself, with an occasional nudge from me. But I was there when she finished her dissertation, learned that her articles were accepted, got a job and won a fellowship to Harvard working on a book developing ideas she'd first had as my student.
Another reason is George, who started as an engineering student, then switched to English because he decided he liked people better that things.
There is Jeanne, who left college, but was brought back by her classmates because they wanted her to see the end of the self-reliance house project. I was there when she came back. I was there when she told me that she later became interested in the urban poor and went on to become a civil rights lawyer.
There is Jacqui, a cleaning woman who knows more by intuition than most of us learn by analysis. Jacqui has decided to finish high school and go to college.
These are the real reasons I teach, these people who grow and change in front me. Being a teacher is begins present at the creation, when the clay begins to breathe.
A "promotion" out of teaching would give me money and power. But I have money. I get paid to do what I enjoy: reading talking with people, and asking questions like, "What is the point of being rich?"
And I have power. I have the power to nudge, to fan sparks, to suggest books, to point out a pathway. What other power matters?
But teaching offers something besides money and power: it offers love. Not only the love of learning and of books and ideas, but also the love that a teacher feels for that rare student who walks into a teacher's life and begins to breathe, Perhaps love is the wrong word: magic might be better.
I teach because, being around people who are beginning to breathe, I occasionally find myself catching my breath with them.

我为何教书
彼得.贝德勒
你为什么教书呢？当我告诉我的朋友我不想作为一个管理职位的侯选人，他问了这个问题。他弄不懂的是，所有的美国人在成长中受到教育要争取的东西是金钱和权力。而我却不要这明显能促使人朝这些方向发展的“阶梯”。
当然，我教书不是因为对我来说是件易事。我曾做过多种工作挣钱谋生，如机修工、木工、作家，教书是其中最难的。对我来说，教书是件叫人眼睛红肿，掌心出汗，精神沮丧的职业。眼睛红肿是因为不管我熬夜备课到多晚，我仍感到从没有准备好教学。掌心出汗是因为在走进课堂之前我总是精神紧张，学生肯定会发现我原来是个笨蛋。精神沮丧是因为一个小时后我离开教室时，总是感到这堂课比平常更加乏味。
我教书也不是因为我认为我知道问题的答案，也不是因为我的知识丰富急于要与人分享。有时我的学生竟然记下了我在课堂上讲的东西，我惊喜不已。
那么我为什么要教书呢？
我这所以教书，是

因为我喜欢教学日历的节奏。六月、七月和八月提供了思索、研究和写作的机会。
我之所以教书，是因为教书是个以“变化”为基础的职业。当教材相同时，我可改变教法。更为重要的是，我的学生一批批更换。
我之所以教书，是因为我喜欢自由---犯错、吸取教训、激励自我和学生的自由。作为一个教师，我就是自己的老板如果我要求我的新生通过他们自己编写课本的方式学习写作，谁将说三道四呢？这些课程可能彻底失败，但我们都可以从失败中学习。
我之所以教书，是因为我喜欢问些学生们必须费力才能回答的问题。这个世界对于那些糟糕的问题，充满了各种正确的答案。而我在教学中，有时则会发现些深刻的问题。
我之所以教书，是因为我喜欢找到方法，把我自己和我的学生引出象牙塔，来到真正的社会中。我曾经教过一门课叫做“在技术社会中自力更生”。我的十五名学生阅读了爱默生、梭罗和赫胥黎的著作。他们坚持做了日记，并写了学期论文。
但我决也组成了一个有限公司，借款买下一座破旧房子，通过翻修房子来实践自力更生。学期未，我们卖掉了房子，归还了贷款，交了钱，所得利润大家分了。
所以教书使我的生活有了节奏，丰富多彩，也向我提出了挑战，并给了我不断学习的机会。
但是，我还遗漏了我要教书的最重要的原因。
其一是维基，我的第一位博士生，维基是一个精力充沛的学生。她努力撰写了一篇关于鲜为人知的十四世纪一位诗人的学位论文。她还写了几篇文章并把它们寄给了学术刊物。她是独自进行的，偶尔得到我的指教。我亲眼看到她完成了论文，并了解到她的文章已被采用。我还目睹她得到了一份工作，并获得了哈佛大学的研究员的职位，并竭力撰写一本书，拓展她在当我的学生时已萌发的思想。
另一个原因是乔治。他原来位工程学学生。后为转到英语专业因为他认为自己爱人之心胜于爱物之心。
还有珍妮。她本来辍学了，但被她的同学请了回来，因为他们希望她看到靠自己所修的房子的竣工。我亲眼看到她回来了。她还亲自告诉我后来她对城市贫民工作产生了兴趣，继而担任了公民权律师。
还得提一提清洁工杰基。她通过直觉了解的事情比起我们中大部分人通过分析所学习的还要多。杰基已决定上完高中后上大学。
这些都是我教书的真正原因，这些人在我眼前成长变化了。当一名教师就是要亲眼目睹泥人开始呼吸这一创造性工作。
摆脱教学工作，得到“晋升”会给我金钱和权力。但我有钱。我拿了工资去做我乐于干的事：阅读书籍，与人交谈，提出些像“富贵又有什么意

义？”之类的问题。
我也有权力。我有权给予启示，点燃思想火花，建议阅读书目，为人指点迷津，其他权力又算得了什么呢？
况且，教书还提供了金钱和权力以外和东西，那就是爱。不仅包括爱学习、爱书本、爱思想，而且包含了一位老师所体会到的对那些出类拔萃的学生的爱。这些学生进入教师的生活，并获得了新的生命。或许爱在些用词不当，魔力或许更为妥帖。
我之所以教书就是因为与那些开始获得新生的人相处在一起，我偶尔也感到自己与他们一样获得了新生。


NEW WORDS
administrative a. of the management of affairs
行政的;管理的
[ ]
a.
1. 管理的;行政的
He works in an administrative position.
他担任一项行政工作。


administration n. 管理(部门);行政(机关)
[ ]
n.
1. 管理,经营;监督[U]
The administration of a big business requires skill in dealing with people.
管理一个大企业需要与人相处的技巧。
2. 行政,施政[U]
3. 管理部门;行政机构,政府[C]
4. (大写)美国政府[the S]
The last Administration did a lot to curb inflation.
上届政府做了大量工作以抑制通货膨胀。
5. (政府,官员等的)任期[C]
6. 施行,实施,执行[U][(+of)]
Her work involved more than administration of first aid to the wounded.
她的工作不仅是对伤者的急救。
7. (药等的)用法,服法[U][C]


puzzle vt. 使迷惑
[ ]
vt.
1. 使迷惑;使为难,使窘困[H]
What puzzles me is why they didn't show up.
令我百思不解的是他们为什么没有出现。
He looked a little puzzled.
他看上去有点困惑。
His recent behavior puzzles me.
他最近的行为使我迷惑不解。
2. 苦思而得出[(+out)]
I could not puzzle out her intentions.
我猜不出她的意图。
We finally puzzled out the meaning of the poem.
我们苦苦思索终于理解这首诗的意思。
vi.
1. 感到迷惑[(+at)]
I have been puzzling about this question for weeks now.
我对这个问题已冥思苦想了好几个星期。
2. 苦思,冥思苦想[(+about/over/as to)]
n.
1. (游戏的)猜谜,智力竞赛[C]
2. 难题,谜,难以理解之事[S1]
Her decision was a puzzle to him.
她的决定对他来说是个谜。
3. 困惑,迷惑[S]
I'm in a puzzle as to how to cope with the new situation.
我不知道该如何应付这新局面。

step(-)up n. promotion; increase in size, speed
[ ]
1. 增加;加快
You have to step up your pace.
你得加快步伐。

mechanic n. skilled workman, one who uses or repairs machines and tools
机械工;机修工
[ ]
n.
1. 机械工,修理工,技工[C]
There is not a mechanic or technician who hasn't had this problem.
没有一个机工或技师不碰到这样的问题。

sweaty a. covered with sweat, sweating
[ ]

a.
1. 满身是汗的;使人出冷汗的
2. 使人出汗的;费力的

palm n. 手掌
[ ]
n.[C]
1. 手掌,手心
She placed the money in his palm.
她把钱放在他的手心里。
2. (四足动物的)前足掌
3. 一手宽;一手长
4. (手套的)掌部
5. 掌状物
6. (桨等的)扁平部
7. 【海】掌皮(缝帆布顶针用)
8. 动物(如鹿)角的扁平部
vt.
1. (变戏法等的)把...藏于手(掌)中
The magician palmed the coin and suddenly produced it from the boy's ear.
魔术师把硬币藏在手心,突然又从那个男孩的耳朵里拿了出来。
2. 用手掌触摸;与...握手
3. (用欺骗手段)把...硬塞给[(+off)][(+on)]
The salesman tried to palm us off with some shop-soiled clothes.
那个店员想哄我们买下一些已陈列许久的衣服。



profession n. occupation, esp. one requiring special training, such as law, medicine, or teaching
[ ]
n.
1. (尤指受过良好教育或专门训练者,如律师、医生、教师的)职业[C]
She intends to make teaching her profession.
她打算以教书为业。
2. 同业,同行[the S][G]
The teaching profession claim that they are badly paid.
教师同行们声称待遇太差。
He is a leading member of the medical profession.
他是医疗业中首屈一指的医生。
3. 声明;表白[C][(+of)]
She did not believe in his professions of love.
她不相信他的爱情表白是真的。

convince vt. make feel certain; cause to realize
[ ]
vt.
1. 使确信,使信服;说服[(+of)][O5][O2]
He convinced me of his innocence.
他使我相信他是无辜的。
I was convinced that he knew the truth.
我确信他知道事实。

compel vt. force (sb. or sth. to do sth.)
[ ]
vt.
1. 强迫,使不得不[O2]
They often compelled us to work twelve or fourteen hours a day.
他们常常强迫我们每天工作十二或十四小时。
He was compelled by illness to give up his studies.
他因病被迫放弃学业。
2. 强求[(+from)]
3. 强使发生

pace n. rate or speed of development, or in walking, etc.
速度;步速
[ ]
n.
1. 一步;一步跨出去的长度(约2.5尺)[C]
There were perhaps ten paces between me and the bear.
在我和熊之间相距大约有十步。
2. 步速;速度;进度[U][S1]
The work progressed at a slow pace.
这项工作进展缓慢。
3. 步态,步法[U][S1]
4. (马的)步态;溜蹄[C]
5. 流畅[U]
vi.
1. 踱步,慢慢地走[Q]
He got up, and began to pace up and down the room.
他起身并开始在房间里踱来踱去。
2. (马)溜蹄
vt.
1. 踱步于
She paced the floor, waiting for the phone to ring.
她踱来踱去,等着电话铃响。
2. 用步子测[(+out/off)]
I paced the path and I know how long it is.
我用步子量过这条路,我知道它有多长。
3. 为...定步速(或速度);调整...的速度(或步调)
The teacher paced his teaching to his students' abilities.
教师根据学

生的能力调整教学进度。

calendar n. 日程表;日历
[ ]
n.[C]
1. 日历;历书
2. 历法
Today is her birthday according to the solar calendar.
按照阳历,今天是她的生日。
3. 行事历,记事录
There is a notation of three appointments on his personal calendar for April 5.
他的个人日程表上记着四月五日有三个约会。
4. 议案一览表;开庭日程表

opportunity n. favourable occasion or chance
[ ]
n.
1. 机会;良机[C][U][(+of/for)][+to-v]
There may be an opportunity for you to see the chairman of the board tomorrow.
明天你也许有机会见到董事长。
Soon he had an opportunity of explaining that to her.
不久他便有了向她解释那件事的机会。

reflection n. careful thinking; consideration
深思;考虑
[ ]
n.
1. 反射;回响;反射光,回声[U]
the reflection of a sound wave
声波的反射
2. 映象,倒影[C]
The deer gazed at its reflection in the forest pool.
鹿凝视着它倒映在森林水池里的影子。
3. 反映;表达,抒发[C]
4. 容貌酷似的人;惟妙惟肖的事物[C]
The girl is a reflection of her mother.
那女孩长得和她母亲一模一样。
5. 深思,熟虑;反省[U][(+on/upon)]
After long reflection we decided to buy the house.
经过很长一段时间的慎重考虑,我们决定买下那所房子。
6. 想法,意见[C][(+on/upon)][+that]
7. 非议;(对名誉、品格)有损的事[C][(+on/upon)]
Children's bad behavior is often a reflection on their parents.
小孩的坏品行常常有损父母的名誉。
Your accusation of my lying is a reflection on my reputation.
你说我撒谎,这有损我的名誉。

reflect vi.
[ ]
vi.
1. 反射;映现
2. 深思;反省[(+on/upon/over)]
He reflected on his past mistakes.
他反省过去的错误。
John reflected long over Mary's argument.
约翰对玛丽的争辩沉思良久。
3. 招致非议;带来耻辱;带来影响[(+on/upon)]

vt.
1. 反射;照出,映出
The still water reflected the full moon.
平静的水面映出了满月。
2. 反映,表现[W][+wh-]
That choice reflects your good taste.
那选择反映了你的高雅品味。
3. 带给,招致[(+on/upon)]
Such behavior can only reflect discredit on you.
这样的行为只能给你带来耻辱。
4. 思考,反省[+(that)][+wh-]
He reflected that he had no right to do this.
他深思后明白他无权做这件事。






stimulate vt. encourage; excite
刺激;激励
[ ]
vt.
1. 刺激;激励;使兴奋;促使[(+to/into)][O2]
The government will do everything in its power to stimulate economic growth.
政府将竭尽全力去刺激经济发展。
2. 促进...的功能
The optical system of the eye stimulates cells of the retina.
眼睛的光学系统刺激视网膜内的细胞。
Exercise stimulates the flow of blood.
锻炼促进血液循环。

freshman n. stud

ent in his first year at a college or university
[ ]
n.[C]
1. (大学等的)一年级生,新生
They are the freshmen of the English Department.
他们是英文系的新生。
2. 新人;新手;生手
He is a freshman in the show business.
他在演艺界是一名新手。
3. 【美】任期未满一年者
I came to Congress as a freshman in the first Administration of Woodrow Wilson.
我在伍德罗?威尔逊第一届政府期间初次来到国会担任议员。


failure n. a person, attempt, or thing that fails; lack of success
[ ]
n.
1. 失败[U][(+in)]
He was doomed to failure.
他注定要失败。
2. 失败者;不及格者;失败的尝试(或经验)[C]
The new restaurant was a failure and soon closed.
那家新饭店经营无方,不久便关了门。
3. 疏忽;不履行,没做到[U][C][(+in)][+to-v]
Failure to obey orders on a ship is mutiny.
在船上不执行命令就是哗变。
4. 缺乏,不足[U][C]
The drought caused crop failure.
干旱造成农作物歉收。
5. 衰退;故障[U][C]
She died of (a) heart failure.
她死于心脏衰竭。
6. 破产,无支付能力[C][U]
There were many bank failures during the depression.
经济萧条时期许多银行破产。
7. 【美】不及格[U][(+in)]
He was upset by his failure in the exam.
他因考试不及格而感到沮丧。


ivory n. 象牙
[ ]
n.
1. 象牙;(海象等的)长牙[U]
2. 牙质[U]
3. (外表或用途等)类似象牙之物[U]
4. 象牙色,乳白色[U]
a skin of ivory
象牙色的皮肤
5. 象牙制品[P]
The museum has a fine collection of medieval ivories.
这家博物馆收藏着一批做工精细的中世纪象牙制品。
6. 【俚】琴键;牙齿;骰子;台球[P]
a.
1. 象牙制的;似象牙的
an ivory carving of an elephant
用象牙雕刻的象
2. 象牙色的,乳白色的

ivory tower n. place or condition of retreat from the world of action into a world of ideas and dreams
[ ] [ ]
象牙塔
[ ]
n.[C]
1. 塔;塔楼;高楼
That's a television tower.
那是电视转播台。
2. 堡垒;监狱
3. 铁路信号房
vi.
1. 高耸,屹立;高高升起[(+above/over)]
The skyscraper towers into the sky.
该摩天大楼高耸入云。
2. 超过,胜过[(+above/over)]
The tall building towers above all the others.
这高楼高出其他所有的建筑。

self-reliance n. ability to do things and make decisions by oneself
依靠自己;自力更生
[ ]
n.
1. 自恃;依靠自己;自力更生


reliance n. trust, confidence; dependence
信赖;信心;依靠
[ ]
n.
1. 信赖,信任;信心[U][(+on/upon/in)]
I place complete reliance on his judgment.
我完全信赖他的判断。
2. 依赖,依靠[U][(+on/upon)]
3. 受信赖的人(或物);可依靠的人(或物)[C]

technological a. of or related to technology
技术的
[ ]
a.
1. 技术(学)的,工艺(学)的
2. 由于技

术原因的,因技术革新而造成的
technological unemployment
因采用新技术而造成的失业

corporation n. 有限公司
[ ]
n.[C]
1. 法人;社团法人
2. 【美】股份(有限)公司
He landed a job in a large American corporation.
他在一家美国大公司谋得一职。
3. 【英】市政府

run-down a. old and broken or in bad condition
[ ]
a.
1. (钟、表等)发条走完的;(电池)耗尽的
Standing on the table was a run-down clock.
桌子上放着一只走停了的钟。
2. 精疲力竭的;衰弱的
We're completely run-down and need a thorough rest.
我们精疲力尽了,需要彻底休息。
3. 失修的;破败的;衰败的
I bought a run-down farm house and plan to fix it up.
我买了一间破败的农舍,打算整修整修。
We will plan to rehabilitate the run-down neighborhood.
我们计划重建这个破落的街区。

renovate vt. restore (old buildings, oil paintings, etc.) to a former, better state
修复;修整
[ ]
vt.
1. 更新;重做
2. 修理;改善
3. 恢复

semester n. either of the two periods into which a school year is divided; term
学期
[ ]
n.
1. 半学年;一学期[C]

repay vt. pay back (money etc)
[ ]
vt.
1. 偿还;还钱给;付还(钱)[O1]
I'll repay you all the money you lent me next week.
我下周还你借给我的所有的钱。
2. 报答;回报;报复,回敬[(+for/with/by)]
repay a visit
回访
3. 报酬

loan n. sth. lent, esp. a sum of money
借出的东西;贷款
[ ]
n.
1. 借出;借出的东西[U][C]
May we have the loan of your ladder?
我们可以借用一下你的梯子吗?
2. 贷款[C]
The bank made a loan of ten thousand pounds to the factory.
银行贷给那家工厂一万英镑。
3. 外来语[C]
vt.
1. 【主美】借出,贷与[O1]
He loaned me twenty dollars.
他借给我二十元。
vi.
1. 【主美】借出
The bank loaned to good customers.
银行贷款给有信誉的顾客。

distribute vt. divide among several or many; give or send out
分发;分送
[ ]
vt.
1. 分发;分配[(+to/among)]
They had distributed the lands among the peasants.
他们把土地分给农民。
2. 散布,分布[(+over)]
This species of butterfly is widely distributed over our country.
这种蝴蝶在我国分布很广。
3. 把...分类
4. 分,分开[(+into)]
The teacher distributed the pupils into three groups.
老师把学生分成三组。

distribution n.
[ ]
n.
1. 分发;分配;配给物[U][C]
They could not agree about the distribution of the profits.
他们无法就利润分配一事达成协议。
2. 分布;(生物的)分布区域[U][S1]
The pine-tree has a very wide distribution.
松树的分布区域极广。
3. 散布[U]
the distribution of news
新闻的传播
4. 销售(量)[U]
We have a good product but our distribution is bad.
我们的产品

很好,但销售情况不佳。
5. 分类[U][(+into)]

variety n. difference in quality, type or character; a number of or a collection of different things
变化;多样化;种种
[ ]
n.
1. 多样化,变化[U]
What other ways do you know to add variety?
你知道其他增加变化的方法吗?
People like to live a life full of variety.
人们喜欢过丰富多彩的生活。
2. 种种[S][(+of)]
He has a variety of interests.
他有多种爱好。
3. 【生】变种,异种[C][(+of)]
4. 种类[C]
Hospitals deal with diseases of every variety.
医院诊治各种各样的疾病。
5. 杂耍;综艺节目[U]

challenge n. the quality of demanding competitive action, interest, or thought
挑战
[ ]
n.
1. 挑战;邀请比赛[C][+to-v]
He received a challenge to a TV debate.
他接到电视辩论的挑战。
2. 质疑;指责;异议[C]
3. 颇有作为的工作;艰巨的事[C]
To build a road in the mountainous area was a real challenge.
在山区修筑公路确是艰巨的事。
He wants a career that offers a challenge.
他要有挑战性,能有一番作为的事业。
4. (哨兵,警卫等)查问口令;盘问[C]
I was met with a challenge when approaching the post.
我在走近哨所时被查问身份。
5. 【律】(对某陪审员出庭等表示的)反对[C]
6. 有挑战性[U]
vt.
1. 向...挑战[(+to)][O2]
I challenged him to show his proof.
我要他拿出证据。
2. 对...提出异议;怀疑;反对
He challenged my view on that matter.
他就我对那件事的看法提出异议。
3. 要求,需要;刺激,激发[O2]
The new position challenged him to study still harder during his spare time.
那个新职位激发他在业余时间更加努力学习。
The event challenges an explanation.
那个事件需要解释。
4. (哨兵,警卫等)查问;盘问
5. 【律】宣布反对(某陪审员等)

doctoral a. having to do with the university degree of doctor
博士的
[ ]
a.
1. 博士的;博士学位的

energetic a. vigorous
精力充沛的
[ ]
a.
1. 精力旺盛的;精神饱满的
He is an energetic tennis player.
他是个精力充沛的网球手。
2. 有力的;积极的
an energetic campaigner in the cause of women's lib
一位妇女解放事业的大力倡导者

dissertation n. (学位)论文
[ ]
n.
1. (博士学位)论文;(专题)论文;学术演讲[(+on/upon/concerning)]
She wrote a dissertation on superrealism.
她写了一篇关于超现实主义的论文。

poet n. one who writes poetry
[ ]
n.
1. 诗人[C]

learned a. showing or requiring much knowledge
博学的
[ ]
a.
1. 有学问的,博学的;精通的[(+in)]
The more learned a man is, the more modest he usually is.
人愈有学问,往往愈是谦虚。
2. 学问上的,学术性的[B]
learned books
学术性书籍
3. 通过学习(或经验等)获得的

journal n. magazine or daily news

paper
杂志;日报
[ ]
n.[C]
1. 日报;杂志;期刊
Professor King often contributes to the medical journal.
金教授常为那个医学刊物撰稿。
2. 日记;日志
Father keeps a journal of his activities.
我父亲有记录每天活动的习惯。
3. 议事录
4. 【会计】流水帐

occasional a. happening from time to time, not regular
偶尔的;间或的
[ ]
a.
1. 偶尔的,非经常的
She likes an occasional glass of wine.
她喜欢偶尔喝杯酒。
He pays me occasional visits.
他偶尔来看我一次。
2. 特殊场合的,应景的[B]
Occasional music was played at the graduation.
毕业仪式上演奏了庆典的音乐。
3. 临时的
Upon a little occasional table was a tray with breakfast things.
在一张临时用的小桌子上放着一个盛着早餐及餐具的盘子。

nudge n. words, actions or feelings that stimulate
启示

vt. push or touch slightly, esp. with the elbow to attract attention; stimulate

[ ]
vt.
1. 用肘轻推(以引起注意);轻推
He nudged his friend to let him know it was time to leave.
他用肘轻推他的朋友告诉他该走了。
2. 推进;刺激
We tried to nudge them towards a practical solution.
我们试图促使他们达成一个可行的解决办法。
vi.
1. 轻推,推进[Q]
The ship is nudging through the ice.
船在冰中推进。
n.
1. 轻推;推动[C]
I gave him a nudge and he understood at once.
我用肘轻轻推了他一下,他马上就明白了。

fellowship n. position or sum of money granted to a person for advanced study or research
研究员职位;研究员薪金
[ ]
n.
1. 伙伴关系,交情,友谊[U]
I bear the banker fellowship.
我与那位银行家有交情。
2. 共同参与,合伙关系[U]
We appreciate fellowship in prosperity and adversity.
我们赞赏甘苦与共的精神。
3. 团体;团契;协会;联谊会[C]
4. (给研究生等的)奖学金;讲学基金[C]
I am applying for a fellowship.
我在申请研究生奖学金。
5. (大学中的)研究员职位,研究员薪金[C]
He went abroad on a fellowship.
他在研究员基金资助下出了国。
6. (某些大学的)董事职位,评议员职位[C]

switch vt. change or shift, turn
[ ]
n.[C]
1. 开关,电闸,电键
You pressed the wrong switch.
你按错了开关。
2. (铁路的)转辙器;【美】铁道侧线
3. (树林)柔软的细枝;鞭子
4. 变更,转换,更改
There's been a switch in our plans.
我们的计划改变了。
5. 【口】调换,交换
I asked him why he'd made the switch.
我问他为什么要调换。
6. (女用)长假发;(狮子等的)尾尖簇毛
vt.
1. 打开(或关掉)...的开关[(+on/off)]
He switched the light on.
他打开电灯。
2. 使转换;为...转接(电话)[(+to/over)]
Hang on, please. I'll switch you to the manager.
请不要挂断电话。我给你转接到经理那儿去。
3. 使转轨
They switched the train t

o the other track.
他们把列车转到另一轨道上。
4. 改变;转移;调动
They switched the talk to a more interesting subject.
他们把谈话转到比较有趣的题目上去了。
5. 【口】调换;交换
The girls switched hats.
女孩子交换了帽子。
6. 鞭打
Mr. Wallace switched his son with his walking stick.
瓦勒士先生用他的手杖打他儿子。
vi.
1. 转轨
2. 改变;转移[(+to)]
He studied chemistry and then switched to biology.
他原来学化学,后来改学生物。
3. 打开(或关掉)开关[(+on/off)]
4. 鞭打
5. 【口】调换;交换
I am on duty tomorrow. I've to switch with someone to go to your party.
我明天值班。我得和谁换一下班才能去参加你们的聚会。

urban a. of a town or city
[ ]
a.
1. 城市的;居住在城市的[B]
In some developing countries more and more people are migrating to urban areas.
在某些发展中的国家,越来越多的人向市区迁移。

civil rights n. the rights of a citizen without regard to his race, religion, sex, etc.
公民权
[ ] [ ]

civil
[ ]
a.
1. 市民的,国民的,公民的;民用的[Z][B]
Martin Luther King was the leader of the civil rights movement.
马丁?路德?金是民权运动的领袖。
2. 一般平民的,民间的;文职的;世俗的[Z][B]
It might be long before civil government would be re-established.
重建文官政府也许要等很长时间。
3. 【律】民事的;法定的[Z][B]
It was a civil case so there was no question of him being sent to prison.
这是一宗民事案件,所以不存在判他监禁的问题。
4. 彬彬有礼的,客气的;文明的
It's civil of you to say so.
你这样说是很有礼貌的。
5. 国内的[Z][B]
Patriotic soldiers appealed for the prevention of a civil war.
爱国的士兵呼吁防止发生内战。
right
4. 正确,对,是[U]
We must teach our children how to tell right from wrong.
我们应该教会孩子如何明辨是非。
5. 正当;公正;正义;合法[U]
6. 权利[C][U][+to-v]
You must stand up for your rights.
你一定要维护自己的权利。

lawyer n. person who practices law
律师
[ ]
n.[C]
1. 律师
I suggest he consult a lawyer.
我建议他请教律师。
2. 法学家

intuition n. (power of) the immediate understanding of truths, events, facts, without reasoning
直觉
[ ]
n.
1. 直观(能力),直觉[U]
She sensed what was wrong by intuition.
她凭直觉意识到什么地方出毛病了。
2. 直觉感知的事;直觉知识[C][+that]
She had an intuition that her friend was ill.
她有一种直觉:她的朋友病了。
3. 敏锐的洞察力[U]

analysis n. the separation of a substance into parts for careful examination and study
分析
[ ]
n.
1. 分析;分解;解析[C][U]
In the last analysis, the responsibility for this failure must lie with the chief engineer.
追根究底,失败的责任在于

总工程师。
I was very much pleased by your analysis of the situation.
我非常满意你对形势的分析。
2. 【美】精神分析[U][C]

creation n. act of creating' sth, created
创造(物)
[ ]
n.
1. 创造;创作;创立[U]
the creation of a new department
创建一新的部门
2. 世界,宇宙,万物[U]
The whale is the largest mammal in creation.
鲸是世上最大的哺乳类动物。
3. 创作品;(想像力的)产物;时装[C]
the newest creations of the Paris designers
巴黎时装设计师设计的最新式服装
the creations of artists
艺术家的作品
4. (大写)(上帝的)创造宇宙[the S]

clay n. 粘土
[ ]
n.[U]
1. 粘土;泥土
We make bricks from clay.
我们用泥土制砖。
2. (上帝造人的)泥土;(人的)躯体,肉体

point n. main idea or purpose
要点;意义;目的
[ ]
n.
1. 尖,尖端,尖头[C][(+of)]
Do you have a pencil with a sharper point?
你有尖一点的铅笔吗?
2. (空间的)一点,处,地方,位置[C]
3. 特点,特征[C]
Dancing is not her strong point.
她不擅长跳舞。
4. (时间上的)一点,(特定)时刻;瞬间[C][U]
5. 分数;(比赛等的)得分[C]
In the game we got ten points while the Medical School got only three.
比赛中我们得了十分,而医学院只得了三分。
6. 思想;论点[C]
7. 要点;中心思想[the S]
He missed the whole point of my speech.
他完全没抓住我讲话的要点。
8. 意义;目的;用途[U][(+in/of)]
There is no point in complaining. They can't do anything to help you.
抱怨于事无补;他们没办法帮助你。
9. 【数】点;小数点;标点[C]
10. 一小点,斑点[C][(+of)]
11. 岬[C]
12. (电的)接触点;【英】插座
vt.
1. 把...指向,把...对准;瞄准[(+at/towards)]
It's rude to point your fingers at people.
用手指指人是很不礼貌的。
2. 指出[(+out)]
He pointed out that they were mistaken.
他指出他们错了。
3. 强调[(+up)]
4. 弄尖,削尖
She pointed the pencil for her sister.
她给妹妹削铅笔。
5. 给...加标点;给...加小数点
vi.
1. 指,指出,指明[(+at/to)]
He pointed at the book he wanted.
他指着他要的那一本书。
2. 指向,对准;朝向[Q][(+to/towards)]
The hands of the clock now pointed to half past three.
这时时针指向三点半。
3. 显示,表明;证明[(+at/to/towards)]

pathway n. path
[ ]
n.[C]
1. 路;小径;人行道
They walked along the pathway toward the house.
他们沿着小路向那所房子走去。
2. 途径;路线

rare a. unusually good; distinctive
衡有的;杰出的
[ ]
a.
1. 稀有的,罕见的
These flowers are very rare in this country.
这些花在该国很少见。
2. 杰出的,珍贵的
Gold is a rare metal.
金子是贵重金属。
3. 稀薄的,稀疏的
The higher you climb up the mountain, the rarer the air is.
越往山上爬,空气越稀薄。
4. 【口】非常好的,极度的[B]

Edison had rare powers as an inventor.
爱迪生具有罕见的发明天才。

magic n. mysterious charm; strange influence or power; art of obtaining mysterious results by tricks
摩力;魔术
[ ]
n.[U]
1. 魔法,巫术
The fairy's magic changed the two brothers into swans.
仙子使魔法将两兄弟变成了天鹅。
2. 魔术,戏法
He is going to perform magic at the party.
他将在晚会上表演魔术。
3. 神奇的力量,魔力,魅力
The magic of her voice charmed the audience.
她那歌喉的魅力令观众陶醉。
a.[B]
1. 巫术的;魔术的
The caliph of Bagdad flew on his magic carpet to Arabia.
巴格达的国王驾着魔毯飞到了阿拉伯半岛。
2. 有魔力的,不可思议的
That was a truly magic moment.
那真是不可思议的一刻。

PHRASES EXPRESSIONS
Stay up not go to bed until after the usual time
不睡觉;熬夜

take notes 记笔记

build on base on; use as a base for further development

keep a diary 记日记

leave out fail to mention or include; omit

send off post; dispatch

work at/on give one's attention to doing or trying to do

catch one's breath rest and get back one's normal breath, as after running; stop breathing for a moment from surprise, fear, shock. Etc.


PROPER NAMES
Emerson 爱默生(姓氏及男子名)

Thoreau 梭洛 (姓名)

Huxley 赫胥黎(姓氏)

Vicky 维基(女子名,Victoria的呢称)

Harvard 哈佛(美国大学名)

Jeanne 珍妮(女子名)

Jacqui 杰基(女子名,Jacqueline的呢称)


Notes
1 This text is condensed from Alumni Magazine Consortium (November 1984)
2 Peter G. B: Professor of English at Lehigh University in Pennsylvania, U. S. A. He was named 1983's Professor of the Year by the Council for Advancement and Support of Education.
3 the academic calendar: the calendar used in an institution of education, usu. A list of important events during the school year, such as when school terms begin and when exams are administered.
4 June, July, and August offer an opportunity for reflection, research, and writing: In the United States, all teachers are eligible for three vacations with pay: te summer vacation (the longest, usu. From mid-May to the end of August), the winter vacation (about 4 weeks around Christmas) and the spring break (a week in mid- March). During these vacations, they can do whatever they want to do. And many teachers take advantage of the vacations to write or to do some research work.
5 Ralph Waldo Emerson (1802-1882): American philosopher, essayist and poet.
6 Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862): American naturalist, essayist and poet.
7 Aldous Leonard Huxley (1894-1963): English novelist and essayist.
8 because he decided he liked people better than things:
a student of English studies mainly literature, which reflects man's life and thought, while an engineering student concerns himself mainly with the making of things.
9 Being a teacher is being pr

esent at the creation, when the clay begins to breathe: "Clay here refers to the clay figure - the human body in distinction to the spirit. According to the Bible, God created a man out of clay and gave him life by breathing the breath of life into his nostrils. What this sentence implies is that while the parents give the student the body, it is the teacher who helps to mould his character.
10 ... being around people who are beginning to breathe, I occasionally find myself catching my breath with them:
This could be roughly paraphrased as:
... when I see that my students are beginning to grow and change in front of me, I from time to time find myself growing and changing with them too.

STUDY PRACTICE
Words to Drill
Administrative analysis challenge
Compel convince distribute
Energetic Failure loan occasional
Opportunity point profession
Puzzle rare reflection
Renovate repay stimulate
Switch urban variety
1. Reading Aloud and Memorizing
1 Read the following passage and learn it by heart, paying special attention to intonation:
These are the real reasons I teach, these people who grow and change in front of me. Being a teacher is being present at the creation, when the clay begins to breathe.
A “promotion” out of teaching would give me money and power . But I have money. I get paid to do what I enjoy: reading, talking with people, and asking questions like, “What is the point of being rich?”
And I have power. I have the power to nudge, to fan sparks, to suggest books, to point out a pathway. What other power matters?
But teaching offers something besides money and power: it offers love. Not only the love of learning and of books and ideas but also the love that a teacher feels for that rare student who walks into a teacher’s life and begins to breathe. Perhaps love is the wrong word: magic might be better.
I teach because, being around people who are beginning to breathe, I occasionally find myself catching my breath with them.

Asking Questions
2 Use the above passage to do question-and-answer practice with your seatmate.

Understanding the Text
答案: 1.c 2.a 3.b 4.d 5.a 6.d 7.c 8.c
1. It is apparent from the very beginning of the text that the author prefers ___ .
a. an administrative job
b. a promotion
c. a teaching position
d. money and power

2. By calling teaching a red-eye profession, the author means that ____ .
a. teachers usually work late into the night
b. teachers usually have red eyes
c. teachers are subject to eye infection
d. teaching is a profession people are envious of

3. By calling teaching a sweaty-palm profession, the author means that ____ .
a. teachers usually sweat a lt.
b. teachers very often feel uneasy before class
c. teachers very often get frightened before class
d. teachers' palms are always wet wit sweat

4. The word "sinking-stomach" in the text means ___ .
a. having no appetite
b. a kind of st

omach trouble
c. low-spirited
d. discouraging

5. Which of the following is NOT a reason why the author teaches?
a. teaching helps people to know better how to catch their breath when in trouble.
b. teaching works wonders in students.
c. teaching offers variety and challenge.
d. A teacher learns and enriches himself while he teaches

6. The author once set up a corporation as part of a course called "Self-Reliance in a Technological Society", because he wanted _____ .
a. to help his students make profits
b. his students to write term papers on it
c. his students to learn how to start a business
d. to help his students gain experience and confidence in life

7. From the context, we can see that the author is____ .
a. an elementary school teacher
b. a high school teacher
c. a college teacher
d. a private teacher

8. The best reward the author gets from teaching is ____ .
a. money
b. power
c. the joy of seeing his students grow and develop
d. both a and b


4Answer the following questions:
1. According to the author, what is the goal most Americans are taught achieve in life?
Most Americans are taught to manage to achieve money and power when they grow up according to the author.
2. Is teaching the easiest way for the author to earn a living? How does he feel about teaching?
No. He feels that teaching is the most difficult of the various ways he has attempted to earn his living. For him, teaching is red-eye, sweaty-palm, and sinking-stomach profession.
3. Does the author think he is very knowledgeable? How does he feel when he sees his students take notes on that he says in class?
No. He does not think that he is very knowledgeable. He is amazed to see that his students take notes on what he says in class.
4. What does the author think of the pace of the school calendar? What does he do in the summer vacation?
He like the pace of the academic calendar. He think that the summer vacation offers on opportunity for reflection, research, and writing.
5. What does the author mean when he says "teaching is a profession built on change"?
He means that when the teaching material is the same he can change his teaching methods, and what’s more, he can teach different students each year.
6. What does the author mean when he say "As a teacher, I'm my own boss"?
He means he has the freedom to make his own mistakes, to learn his own lesson. Especially, he wants his freedom to choose to method. No one is to say he can’t.
7. Can you say something about Jacqui in your own words?
Yes. Jacqui is a woman who works as a cleaner in school, but she has the ability to make more correct judgement by intuition than most of can do by analysis. Maybe she is influenced by the author, so she has decided to finish high school and go to college.
8. Was the corporation reasons the author and his students set up a success? How do you know?
Yes. The corporation was a great success. We know from the fact that at the end of the

semester they sold the house, paid off their debts and distributed the profits among the class members.
9. What are the most important reasons the author gives for choosing teaching as his profession?
The most important reasons for the author to teach are that some of his favourite students, like Vicky, George, Jeanne, and Jacqui, grew and changed in front of him, so being a teacher is being present at the creation, when the clay begins to breathe.
10. What does the author mean by saying that as a teacher he has money and power?
The author means he gets paid to do what he enjoys: reading, talking with people and asking questions, and he has the power to nudge, to fan sparks, to suggest books and to point out a pathway.

5 topics for discussion:
1. The joys and frustrations of a teacher.
2. If you were given a choice, what profession would you prefer, teaching or administration? Why?

Vocabulary
6 Fill in the blanks with the words or expressions given below. Change the form where necessary.
convince catch one's breath puzzle
challenge urban renovate variety
keep a diary failure occasional
1. In terms of population, Greater New York City is the largest urban center in the United States.
2. Yunnan Province, in southwest China, has a variety of ethnic minority groups (少数民族).
3. Many young girls like to keep a diary for recording their private thoughts and feelings.
4. The statement about the mad cow disease(疯牛病) constituted a direct challenge to the British government.
5. The doctor was puzzled what to do with the case because he couldn't detect (发现) the cause of the illness.
6. The tired traveler stopped to catch his breath and make sure of his directions.
7. The occasional drinking of liquor is much less harmful than habitual use.
8. Roger was quite stubborn and it was almost impossible to convince him of his mistakes.
9. An employee's failure to report to work on time, if habitual, may lead to his or her dismissal.
10. The office building was/has recently been renovated for greater comfort and efficiency.

7 Replace the italicized parts in the following sentences with words from the text:
答案: 1.took(detailed)notes 2.switched 3.energtic 4.stimulated 5.builds on
6.renovate 7.rare https://www.sodocs.net/doc/001285737.html,pelled 9.distributed 10.repay
1. The secretary kept a detailed record of what the members of the Board of Directors (董事会) had discussed at the meeting.
2. He knew he had said the wrong thing and quickly changed the conversation to a less embarrassing subject.
3. Young children are often much more vigorous than adults.
4. The visit to the computer center has aroused the pupils' interest in computer science.
5. All research is based on work completed by previous researchers.
6. After a careful investigation, the committee decided to restore the old house to good condition.
7. Alice has a very remarkable ability to im

itate others.
8. He wanted very much to run for a second term, but owing to poor health he was forced to give it up.
9. As soon as the class began, the teacher gave out the test papers.
10. You have taken such good care of our children during our absence that we feel we shall never be able to return your kindness.

8 Use the verb in brackets to form an appropriate phrasal verb and complete the sentence with it:
1. The firm has decided to switch to another line of products, as these are not selling well. (switch)
2. The local government has set up a number of colleges and technical schools to meet the needs of the rapidly expanding economy in the region. (set)
3. Despite the scorching heat, the farmers kept on working until all the crops were got in. (keep)
4. Because of the limitation of space, I had to leave out a lot of excellent materials, which I intend to include in another book. (leave)
5. When I entered his room, I found him working on a crossword puzzle. (work)
6. Please send off these parcels by air at once. (send)
7. On most of the nights, Jane stayed up reading classical literature. (stay)
8. After patient observation, we found out why the bridge was sinking. (find)

9 Write down your answers to the following questions, using the words or phrases given in brackets:
1. What are his conclusions based on?
(analysis, international affairs)
1.He based his conclusions on an analysis of current international affairs.
2. What are they doing there?
(distribute, leaflet, promote, product)
2.They are distributing leaflets to promote their products.
3. We are short of funds now. What shall we do?
(worry, get loan, bank)
3.Don't worry. We can get a loan from the bank.
4. You look tired. What did you do last night?
(stay up, late, write, term paper)
4.I stayed up late writing my term paper.
5. You were puzzled by his letter, weren't you?
(leave out, any news, decision, to resign [辞职])
5.Yes,you see, his letter leaves out any news of his decision to resign.

word Building
10 Re- is one of the most commonly used prefixes. It is added to verbs and nouns with the meaning of "again" or "back". For example,
view - review union - reunion
pay - repay turn - return
now try to form "re-" words with the words given below and then use them to complete the following sentences. Change the form where necessary.
Gain organize
Assemble place
Open enter
Consideration arrangement
Call form
1. My mother had such a good memory that she could recall stories she had heard in her childhood.
2. "Take the clock apart and see if you can reassemble it," said the father to his son.
3. It is said that the preliminary talks on disarmament will be reopened in Geneva sometime next month..
4. He suffered a severe shock and did not regain consciousness until three hours later.
5. We plan to reorganize the classes after the first semester.
6. The rearrangement of the de

sks took them almost half an hour.
7. When you are finished, please replace the books on the shelves.
8. Having stayed away from national politics for ten years, the expresident is planning to reenter public life.
9. The judge would give reconsideration to his decision when new evidence came to light.
10. The new prison system is designed to reform criminals rather than just punish them.

11 The suffix - ship is used to form mainly abstract nouns with the meaning of "status", "condition", etc. e. g.
fellow - fellowship
member - membership
relation - relationship
author - authorship.
And -dom is another suffix to form abstract nouns with the meaning of "domain", "realm" "condition", etc. e. g.
Free - freedom
King - kingdom
Do you happen to know which of the following words can have either -ship or -dom as their endings? Consult a dictionary if necessary.
Cictator professor
Sportsman scholar
Martyr reader
Leader official
Partner hard
Bore workman

dictatorship professorship
sportsmanship scholarship
martyrdom readership
leadership officialdom
partnership hardship
boredom workmanship
Structure
12 Rewrite the following sentences after the models:
Models: 1 I teach not because teaching is easy for me.
I don't teach because teaching is easy for me.
2 I teach not because I think I know answers, nor because I have Knowledge I feel compelled to share.
I don't teach because I think I know answers, or because I have Knowledge I feel compelled to share.
1. I left college not because I was tired of learning.
1.I did not leave college because I was tired of learning.

2. We set up the corporation not merely because we wanted to make profits.
2.We didn't set up the corporation merely because we wanted to make profits.

3. John married Alice not because she was rich, nor because she was pretty.
3.John didn't marry Alice because she was rich, or because she was pretty.

4. He joined the Confederate army not because he stood for slavery.
4.He didn't join the Confederate army because he stood for slavery.

5. The police arrested him not because he had really committed any crime, nor because he was an escaped prisoner.
5.The police did not arrest him because he had really committed any crime, or because he was an escaped prisoner.


13 Rewrite the following sentences after the model:
Model: When I leave the classroom an hour later, I am convinced that I was even more boring than usual.
I leave the classroom an hour later convinced that I was even more boring than usual.
1. Every one of us had been convinced that the project was feasible by the time we left the meeting.
1.We all left the meeting convinced that the project was feasible.

2. As Peter got home from the three-month-long journey to the Antarctic he looked tired out.
2.Peter got home tired out from the three-month-long journey to the Antarctic.

3. They

went hunting for hours, but when they returned they were empty-handed.
3.They went hunting for hours, but they returned empty-handed.

4. When he entered the office he was still annoyed by the way she spoke to him.
4.He entered the office still annoyed by the way she spoke to him.



14 Complete the following sentences, using the pattern "find + oneself + a present or past participial phrase, or a prepositional phrase" and the words given in brackets:
1. When he came to, he found himself in the ward of a hospital. (in the ward of a hospital)
2. When the company marched into the valley, they suddenly found themselves surrounded by enemy forces. (surround, by enemy forces)
3. The criticism threw a new light on the novel and the students found themselves reading it with fresh eyes.(read, it, with fresh eyes)
4. When he turned the corner, he found himself tailed by a man in black. (tail, by a man in black)
5. Once or twice I found myself doubting my own judgement. (doubt, my own judgement)
6. The road gradually widened until we found ourselves in a large valley. (in a large valley)

Cloze
15 Fill in the missing words and phrases:
(A)
Professor Beidler tries to explain in his essay why he continues to teach rather than seek a more highly-paid administrative position. Even if he is given the opportunity to "move up", he insists, he would refuse and stay on in the classroom. In his reflection on this question, he first makes the point that teaching is by no means an easy profession. Often, one barely has time to catch one's breath between tasks, and he often must stay up late in the evening to work on what he is going to teach the next day. However, teaching offers a great variety of emotional rewards, such as intellectual challenge, freedom, and the chance to stimulate students' interest in learning. For these reasons, he writes, he would choose teaching over any other professional field.
(B)
you send your children off to school and put them in the teacher's hands. Did you ever wonder what goes through a teacher's mind as he or she tries to teach your kids? Did you ever wonder what the teacher expects from you, the parent?
Parents can be supportive or suspicious. They can be of help to the teacher, or be in need of help themselves. Some teachers think parents are too hard on their children. Here's how one teacher puts it:
"I usually have the problem of parents coming in and telling me how they really treat" their kids. They tell me they stand over them when they do their homework. They check their work and make a big fuss over grades. They criticize the kids over everything having to do with school. My response usually is Well, you know, he's really a good kid. He's fine in my class. Maybe you should not be so strict with him.
Teachers want parents to realize/understand/know that they are professionals at working with children. They have observed many children, and parents. Because of this, and because of their spec

ialized training, teachers can be realistic about children. Teachers know that parents want their children to do well and to behave well. The teachers want this, too. But they know what children should be able to do at different ages and stages. They expect 8-year-old work and behavior from 8-year-olds, and 12-year-old work and behavior from 12-year-olds.

Translation
16 Translate the following sentences into English:
1. 许多美国大学生申请政府贷款交付学费.
1. Many American students apply for government loans to pay for their education /tuition.
2. 除阅读材料外,使用电影和录像(videotapes)会激发学生的学习兴趣(stimulate).
2. Besides reading materials,the use of films and videotapes can stimulate students' interest in a subject.
3. 这位律师试图说服陪审团(jury)他的当事人(client)是无辜的(convince sb. of).
3. The attorney/lawyer tried to convince the jury of his client's innocence.
4. 自从20世纪80年代初以来,医学方面的科学家们一直在努力寻找治疗艾滋病(AIDS)的方法(work on finding...)
4. Medical scientists have been working on/at finding a cure for AIDS since the early 1980s.
5. 我已经把我的简历(resume)寄往几家公司,但尚未收到回复(send off).
5. I have sent off my resume to several corporations, but haven't yet received a reply.
6. 不少人希望有机会去国外学习,然而仅有少数人有此可能.
6. Many people wish for an opportunity to study abroad; only a few, however, have this chance.
7. 我们满怀期望地来参加会议,离开时却大失所望.
7. We came to the meeting full of expectations, yet we left very disappointed.
8. 尽管这位教授详细地讲解了这一点,但许多学生仍然不理解.
8. Although the professor (had) explained this in great detail, many students still failed to understand.


READING ACTIVTTY
Skill: Reading Attack Skill III
Scanning (2)
Scanning is a search for information which his of some special interest. A student has first to know the arrangement for information before he can start his search efficiently. Much of the reference material is arranged alphabetically. A dictionary, an encyclopedia, an index of a book, or a telephone directory is usually arranged alphabetically for easy and quick location of information. But not all material is arranged this way. TV programs, for example, are listed by day and time. Historical data and tables may be listed by month and year. And the sports pages of the newspaper are arranged by category: baseball, football, tennis, and so on.
Whatever the source of reference, it is arranged in some logical way. To prepare for scanning, therefore, you should take a minute or two to discover the organization of the material. As soon as you are familiar with the arrangement of information, you can proceed immediately to find the part most likely to contain the information desired.

Materials for Scanning
Exercise A
Scan the index listin