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第一章计算机基础

一.计算机基本结构(总线分类)

三、CPU执行过程

四、CPU主要性能指标（常识）

五、微型计算机系统（常识）

六、原码、反码、补码

七、字符编码（ASCII）

八、字型码

第二章Intel 8086/8088 微机系统结构

一、Intel 8086/8088 内部结构

二、功能结构（总线接口单元BIU（Bus Interface Unit)

执行单元EU（Execution Unit)

三、存储器组织（分段，物理地址与逻辑地址）

五、指令执行时间

? 指令周期

? 总线周期

? T 状态(时钟周期）

第三章8086/8088的寻址方式

一、80x86的基本数据类型数字数据类型（常识）

–整数

?无符号整数

?带符号整数

–浮点数据类型

?单精度浮点数

?双精度浮点数

二、指令格式（操作码、操作数）

三、寻址方式

1~5种。直接寻址方式、寄存器间接寻址、寄存器相对寻址的段寄存器选择问题。第四章8086/8088的指令系统

一、IBM PC(8086/8088) 指令系统

二、数据传送指令

五、控制转移指令

JMP （不管段内、段间转移） 条件转移指令

JZ / JE OPRD JNZ / JNE OPRD JS OPRD

JNS OPRD

第五章 汇编语言程序设计

1、带数据段定义的完整汇编语言程序格式

2、标识符

3、数据定义伪指令、段定义语句

4、简单的分支、循环程序设计（数据块处理、累加（阶乘）、求最大值等）

第六章 处理机总线时序和总线 三、 8086的两种组态

四、 8086引脚（NMI 、INTR 、INTA 、IO/M 、CLK 、READY 、RESET 、AD0~AD19） 五、处理机时序

总线周期的概念、Tw 系统复位

转移条件

功能

指令C ∨Z=0

不低于或等于/高于则转移

JNBE / JA OPRD C=0不低于/高于等于/无借位则转移JNB / JAE / JNC OPRD C ∨Z=1低于或等于/不高于则转移JBE / JNA OPRD C=1低于/不高于等于/有借位则转移JB / JNAE / JC OPRD 无符号数大小的比较转移条件

功能

指令S ⊕O=0 且Z=0

不小于等于/大于则转移

JNLE / JG OPRD S ⊕O=0 或Z=1不小于/大于或等于则转移JNL / JGE OPRD

S ⊕O=1 或Z=1小于或等于/不大于则转移JLE / JNG OPRD S ⊕O=1 且Z=0小于/不大于等于则转移JL / JNGE OPRD 带符号数大小的比较

六、系统总线（常识）

第七章主存储器

二、半导体存储器的分类（常识）

三、读写存储器(随机存储器RAM)

1. 基本存储电路

2. RAM结构（译码方式）

3．RAM与CPU的连接（常识）

4．存储器分类（常识）

第八章微机接口技术基础

一、概述

I/O接口的基本功能

CPU与外设之间的接口信息

端口的概念

二、I/O端口的寻址方式

四、CPU与外设数据传送的方式

不含（DMA)的几种方式及其优缺点

第九章中断技术

一、中断的基本概念

常见的中断源

中断的类型及其典型中断

中断的优先级（权）与中断嵌套（概念）

中断向量与中断向量表

中断指令

CPU响应中断的工作过程

三、中断控制器Intel 8259A（功能）

第十章定时与计数器

1. 原理（主要功能和结构）

2. 控制字

3. 工作方式（2，3）

4. 8253的端口

5. 8253编程：初始化编程CPU 读取计数器的计数值长定时的实现（多个串联）

第十一章并行通信与并行接口

一、概述（并行通信）

二、并行接口芯片Intel 8255A

1. 8255A主要功能

2. 结构

3. 8255A端口

4. 8255A编程：初始化编程

三、IBM PC/XT中8255A—5 的使用——（只讲喇叭接口）（常识）

第十二章串行通信及接口

1. 串行通讯与并行通信的不同

2. 波特率的概念

3. 字符格式

4. 数据的传送方向

第十三章模数(A/D)转换和数模(D/A)转换接口

1．模数(A/D)转换和数模(D/A)的概念

2．D/A接口（图12-1，12-2）

3．用软件实现A/D（图12-16）

4．ADC0809的ALE、START和EOC等引脚的意义

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