细说科技英语时态的应用

细说科技英语时态的应用(英文示范，附中、英文解读)

科技英语时态有一些规矩（rules, 没有灵活性可言），我们写文章时必须遵守。下面，我们用加重的黑色字体来标明这些规矩。但是，有些地方，两种时态（比如过去式、现在式），都可以用。不信？请往下看。

为了便于理解、应用，我们按科技论文的写作框架来讨论英语时态的用法。

1. Introduction （引言）

In the introduction, we need to cite publications. （在引言部分，我们会引用一些发表的文章。）

These are common practice.

1) Use the past tense when a sentence starts with a publication. (用主动语态叙述已经发表的文章时，用过去式；不建议用现在完成式。)

For example: Ren et al. (2015) noted a dramatic increase in publication by Chinese authors in SCI journals during the 2000s, thanks in part to the cash reward and promotion criteria set by the (Chinese) system.

Note that even though the publication is recent, I still use the past tense, “noted.”（大家注意到上面引用的“文章”还很新，是去年的。我依然用了过去式。）Note also that I have no authority to make you follow this rule; but from now on you should pay attention to how your colleagues write when you read their papers.（不过，

我不是“语法法官”，你不必太把我当回事。最好的办法是看看你的同行是如何写文章的。）

2) Use the present tense for a result/fact that remains true today, even though the result/fact was obtained 100 years ago.（在叙述一个事实时，用现在式。）

For example: The Gulf Stream is（用现在式，因为是事实）the most powerful western boundary current on Earth, which was discovered and confirmed（用过去式，因为已经发生了）by sailors and scientists hundred years ago.

3) Use mixed (say past and present) tenses in one sentence.（一个句子中的时态不必统一。）

If you don’t like the sentence I made up in 2), here is one from Wikipedia: European discovery of the Gulf Stream dates （因为是事实）to the 1513 expedition of Juan Ponce deLeón, after which it became（已经发生了）widely used by Spanish ships sailing from the Caribbean to Spain.

4）The last paragraph of the introduction maps out the paper. Use present tense.

It often goes like this: “The rest of this paper is organized as follows. In Section II, the procedure of the xxx method is presented. In Section III, the proposed method is tested using 66 images with different kinds of textures. Finally, Section V presents the summary of the paper.”

Note that the last sentence is perfectly understandable for native and non-native speakers. In fact, most native speakers may not pay attention to the grammar (as they were never really taught the way we non-native speakers were). However, a non-native speaker editor/reviewer may pick on you, telling me that “Section V” is not a human with a brain to present something to the readers. What should you do then? Give in.

2. Methodology（方法）

To describe the methods and datasets used in the paper, we can (and should) use the present tense.

For example: We use the WOA (World Ocean Atlas) data as initial conditions for our numerical experiments. We use satellite data to validate model’s phytoplankton field

in the surface layer.

别跟审稿人“一般见识”：我的一个同事被审稿人“教导”说，这些地方统统必须用过去式！You may say “Fxxx off. This is MY paper！”But, you should only say it to yourself loudly (or quietly). One should choose one’s battle, so let this one go. （不要为小事跟审稿人争。在这里用过去式无伤大雅。）

If you describe how you collected the data（过去式，已经发生了）, however, you have no choice but to use the past tense.（观测数据采回来了，一定是今天以前做的事。对不起，必须用过去式。）

If you describe the procedure of processing the data, however, you may choose to use the past tense (emphasizing how you did it，用过去式，因为你已经处理了这些资料), or the present tense (illustrating how such a procedure should be performed，用现在式，示范如何常规地处理这些资料).

3. Results（结果）

Figure 5 (or Table 3) shows x, y, and z. (一定用现在式，因为作者现在是在与读者实时对话。)

We use the present tense to describe all our (finished numerical) experiments. If you prefer to use the past tense, it is fine as long as you do so consistently. （可以用现在式、或过去式描述你的数值模拟结果。）Do not switch from the past tense to the present tense randomly. （不能太任性哦：一会儿现在式、一会儿过去式。）Exceptions (不能任性的地方):

To study present (modern day) climate, using the present tense is the ONLY way to go, I am afraid. （如果是研究现代气候，一般用现在式。）

If a sentence involves a specific time, such as June 2001, you need to use the past tense, period. （句子中提到过去的某年某月，那么，一定要用过去式。）

For example: Figure 3 shows （现在式）that Typhoon Megi (2015) moved （过去式）away from the coast suddenly.

如果你不喜欢这种“混合式”，可以这样玩：

Typhoon Megi (2015) moved （过去式）away from the coast suddenly (Fig. 3).

4) Discussion and Conclusions

You may use the present perfect tense, such as “we have shown,”or use the past tense. Just be consistent. （任性的时候到了！但是，认准一个时态，不要朝三暮四哦。现在完成式、过去式都可以。）

Once again, you may use mixed (say past and present) tenses in one sentence.（一个句子中的时态不必统一。）

For example: In this paper, we showed （过去式）that the new index is （现在式）capable of tracking algae blooms in spring.

I hope this brief walk through helps. （后会有期。）

Based on my old Blog of

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/0311621328.html,/blog-306792-657146.html

和任胜利老师: 科技写作时态(Past tense? Present tense?)

ps. You may also want to check out my Blog on

Scientific Writing for Beginners (1)-(8)

using this link:

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/0311621328.html,/home.php?mod=space&uid=306792&do=blog&id=432195

英语八种时态的具体用法

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初中英语时态填空题

时态练习题 1．He______swimming in the river every day in summer. (go) 2.It________you are right. ( seem ) 3.Look, the children______ basketball on the playground. ( play ) 4.He______to the radio when I came in, ( listen ) 5.It is very cold .I think it______ . ( rain ) 6. —I need some paper . —I______ some for you . ( bring ) 7.I can’t find my pen . Who______it ? ( take ) 8.He said that he______back in five minutes . ( come ) 9.I didn’t meet him. He______ when I got there. ( leave ) 10.I______my bike, so I have to walk to school. ( lose ) 11.He______down and began to read his newspaper. ( sit ) 12.He is very hungry. He_________ anything for three days. ( not eat ) 13.I______with you if I have time . ( go ) 14.We will go to the cinema if it______fine . (be ) 15.I will tell her the news when she______to see me next week. (come) 16. “ When______you______the car ?” “ In 1998 . ”( buy ) 17.We______good friends since we met at school . （be） 18.What______you______ at five yesterday afternoon ? (do) 19.The bike is nice . How much______it______? (cost) 20.He often______his clothes on Sundays. （wash） 21.I’m Chinese. Where______from?（come ） 22.We will start as soon as our teacher______ （come ） 23.It______ hard when I left my house .（rain） C. 24. Don’t talk so loudly . Your father______. （sleep）

十六种英语时态总结(最新)

英语共有十六个时态、四个体。（注：四个体为——一般、进行、完成、完成进行。） 英语中的四个体相当于法语、西班牙语以及所有印欧语系罗曼语族中的式，如：直陈式，命令式等。 （1）一般现在时 基本形式（以do为例）： 第三人称单数：does（主语为非第三人称单数）； 肯定句：主语＋动词原形＋其他； He works for us. 否定句：主语＋don…t/doesn't＋动词原形＋其他； He doesn't work for us. 一般疑问句：Do/Does＋主语＋动词原形＋其他。 肯定回答：Yes，（＋主语＋do/does）． 否定回答：No，（＋主语＋don't/doesn't.） 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句语 Does he work for us? Yes, he does. No, he doesn't What does he do for us? He works for us. （2）一般过去时 be动词＋行为动词的过去式 否定句式：在行为动词前加didn…t，同时还原行为动词，或was／were＋not； was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did提问，同时还原行为动词 例如：Did he work for us? He didn't work for us. He worked for us. （3）一般将来时 am／are／is＋going to＋do 或 will／shall＋do am/is/are/about to + do am/is/are to + do; 一般将来时的表达方法 be going to +动词原形

be +不定式,be to+动词原形,be about to ＋动词原形 be able to +不定式 be about to+动词原形 will + 动词原形； 例如：He is going to work for us. He will work for us； He is coming.这是特殊的用一般现在时表达将来时态的例子！！ (4)过去将来时 be（was，were）going to+动词原形 be（was，were）about to+动词原形 be（was，were）to+动词原形 肯定句：主语+be（was，were）going to+动词原形～. 否定句：主语+be（was，were）not going to+动词原形～. 疑问句：Be（Was，Were）+主语+going to+动词原形～？ 肯定句：主语+would（should）+动词原形～. 否定句：主语+would（should）not+动词原形～. 疑问句：Would（Should）+主语+动词原形～？ He would work for us. (5)现在进行时 主语+be+v.ing〔现在分词〕形式(其中v表示动词) 表示现在正在进行的动作或最近在做的事。 例如：I am buying a book. 第一人称+am+doing+sth 第二人称+are+doing +sth （doing是泛指所有的v-ing形式） 第三人称+is+doing+sth 例：He is working. (6)过去进行时 肯定句：主语+was/were+doing+其它 否定句：主语+was/were+not+doing+其它 一般疑问句及答语：Was/Were+主语+doing+其它；答语：Yes,I主语+was/we re./No,I主语+wasn't/weren't. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+doing+其它 He was working when he was alive. (7)将来进行时

英语16种时态详解

英语的16种时态 时态（Tense）是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此，当我们说时态结构的时候，指的是相应时态下的动词形式。 1. 一般现在时 英语时态分为16种：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时，以及这四者的进行时、完成时和完成进行时。 用法：A) 表示现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征。 B) 习惯用语。

C) 经常性、习惯性动作。 例：He always helps others. （他总是帮助别人。） D) 客观事实和普遍真理。尤其要注意，如果前后文不是一般现在时，则无法保持主句、从句时态一致。 E) 表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，（仅限于某些表示“来、去、动、停、开始、结束、继续”等的动词）可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用。常见的用法是：飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。 例：The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon. （下一趟火车今天下午3点开车。） How often does this shuttle bus run? （这班车多久一趟？） F) 在时间和条件状语从句里经常用一般现在（有时也用现在完成时）表示将来事情。 例：When you have finished the report, I will have waited for about 3 hours.（等你完成这份报告的时候，我就已经等了将近3个小时了。）2. 现在进行时(be doing) 用法：现在正在进行的动作。 3. 现在完成时(have done) 用法：A) 表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。 例：I bought a new house, but I _________ my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses. A) didn't sell B) sold C) haven't sold D) would sell 答案是C) haven't sold。 B) 表示从过去某时刻开始，持续到现在的动作或情况，并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点，或for加一段时间，或by加一个现在时间。 例：Great as Newton was, many of his ideas ___________ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time. A) are to challenge C) have been challenged B) may be challenged D) are challenging 全句的意思是：“虽然牛顿是个伟大的人物，但他的许多见解直到今天还在受到挑战，并且被现代科学家的工作所修正。”challenge是及物动词，在本句中应当是被动语态；其动作延续到今天，所以要用现在完成时态。可见答案是C) have been challenged。A) are to challenge和D) are challenging 都是主动语态，不可能是答案。B) may be challenged虽然是被动语态，但意思与全句内容不合，所以不对。 C) 表示发生在过去，但对现在仍有影响的动作或情况。通常用点动词，如：arrive, begin, find, give, lose等。

初中英语各种时态练习题集锦

专题五时态复习 （一）一般现在时 复习要点：1.用法 2.时间 3.句型转换 一、用词的适当形式填空。 1. Miss Guo ______ (teach) us Chinese this term. She ______ (be) a very good teacher. She often ______ (talk) with us after class. Many of us like ______ (talk) with her. 2. Where ______ their father______ (work)? He ______ (work) on a farm. 3. What time ______ the shop ______ (close)? It _____ (close) at nine o'clock in the evening. 4. He ______ (go) to school by bus every day. 5. Tom can not walk fast because he ______ (carry) a heavy box. 6. She often ______ (read) English in the evening. 7. She ____ (go) to school at eight o’clock. 8. He usually _____ up at 17:00. (get) 9. She ____ (live) in Beijing. 二、句型转换： 1. I like the red sofa. (变否定句) 2. She has a nice cap. (变一般疑问句，并做肯定及否定回答) 3. I am a bus driver. (变一般疑问句并做肯定回答) 4. They play football in the garden everyday. (变成否定句) 5. There is an egg in the basket.(变成复数形式的句子)

英语十六种时态表格总结

一般现在时、一般过去时 时态 名称 结构 常连用的词 主要用法 例句 一般现在时 1 be 动词用 am/is/are 表示，之后接名词，形容词或介词。 often; usually; every…; sometimes; always; never; once/twice/… a week/month/year; on Sundays/Mondays/….; 一般现在时 表示没有时限的持久存在的习惯性 的动作或状 态，或现阶段 反复发生的动作或状态，或一般真理 陈述句：I am an office worker. He is so lazy. They are at home now. 否定句： I am not Tim. She is not very beautiful. They are not in the office. 一般疑问句：Are you an officeassistant? Is she beautiful? 2行为动词用V 原形或V-s/es ，引导疑问句和否定句，用do 或don’t ；第三人称时用does 或doesn’t,有does 出现动词用原形；第三人称陈述句V 后加s 或es. 陈述句：I work in Shanghai. He works at home. Davy never watches TV at home. 否定句: I don’t like the food in KFC. Davy doesn’t like the food in KFC either. 一般疑问句: Do you want a cup of coffee? Does she live near thesubway station? 一般过去时。 1．be 动词用 过去式was 或 were 表示。 yesterday; the day before yesterday; last week/month/year/….; … ago; a moment ago; just now; on/in+过去的时间; 在过去时间 里所发生的 动作或存在 的状态。 陈述句：I was a big boss.He was beautiful. We were in Beijing last year. 否定句: I was not at home at that moment. We were not at work yesterday. 一般疑问句: Were you a teacher? Was she in the office last week? 2行为动词用V-ed ，陈述句，疑问句和 否定句借助 于did,有did 出现动词用原形。 陈述句：I worked in Sunmoon. We studied English there. He lived inHongKong. 否定句: I didn’t work here. They didn’t see me. She liked English a lot. 一般疑问句: Did you go to America? Did he work in Sunmoon?

(完整)初中英语八大时态练习题

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