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《高级宏观经济学(2)》课件-1
《高级宏观经济学(2)》课件-1

Xiamen University Fall 2006

ADVANCED MACROECONOMICS II

Course Description

The objective of this course is to introduce the students to major issues, some very useful analytical tools and recent advances in modern macroeconomics. Topics include growth theory, business cycle theory, inflation, unemployment and macroeconomic policy.

Course Evaluation

Assignments: 30%

Final Exam: 70%

Course Outline

I.Introduction (and Review of Intermediate Macroeconomics)

II.Mathematical Tools (Dynamic Optimization)

III.Economic Growth

IV.Economic Fluctuations

V.Inflation and Monetary Policy

VI.Unemployment and Coordination Failure

Reading Materials

The readings are drawn from scholarly journals in economics and the following textbooks:

1.Aghion, P. and P. Howitt, Endogenous Growth Theory, MIT Press, 1998.

2.Barro, R. and X. Sala-i-Martin, Economic Growth, McGraw-Hill, 1995.

3.Blanchard, O. and S. Fischer, Lectures on Macroeconomics, MIT Press, 1989.

4.Chang, A. C., Elements of Dynamic Optimization, McGraw-Hill, 1992.

5.Sargent, T., Dynamic Macroeconomic Theory, Harvard University Press, 1987.

6.Mankiw, N. G. and D. Romer (eds.), New Keynesian Economics, MIT Press,

1991.

7.Romer, D., Advanced Macroeconomics, McGraw-Hill, 2001.

Reading List

I.Introduction (and Review of Intermediate Macroeconomics)

Abel, A. B. and B. S. Bernanke, Macroeconomics, 5th edition,

Addison-Wesley, 2005.

Romer, Chapter 5

Mankiw and Romer, Volume 1, Introduction

Mankiw, N. Gregory, “A Quick Refresher Course in

Macroeconomics,” Journal of Economic Literature (1990): 1645-60.

Blanchard, Olivier, “What Do We Know about Macroeconomics That Fisher and Wicksell Did Not?” Quarterly Journal of Economics

(2000): 1375-1409.

II.Mathematical Tools (Dynamic Optimization)

Lecture Notes

Chiang, Alpha C. Elements of Dynamic Optimization, McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1992.

Kamien, Morton I. and Nancy L. Schwartz. Dynamic Optimization: The Calculus of Variations and Optimal Control in Economics and

Management, 2nd edition, Elsevier, New York, 1991.

Sargent, Thomas J. Dynamic Macroeconomic Theory, Harvard

University Press, 1987.

III.Economic Growth

A. Introduction

Barro and Sala-i-Martin, Introduction.

Aghion and Howitt, Introduction and Chapter 1.

B. Neoclassical Growth: Solow Model

Barro and Sala-i-Martin, Chapter 1.

Romer, Chapter 1.

Solow, Robert. “A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth,”

Quarterly Journal of Economics 70 (1956): 65-94.

Phelps, E. “The Golden Rule of Accumulation: A Fable for

Growthman,” American Economic Review 51 (1961):638-43.

C. Neoclassical Growth: Ramsey-Cass-Koopmans Model

Barro and Sala-i-Martin, Chapter 2.

Romer, Chapter 2.

Cass, D. “Optimal Growth in an Aggregate Model of Capital

Accumulation,” Review of Economic Studies 32 (1965), 233-40.

Koopmans, T. “On the Concept of Optimal Economic Growth,” in The Econometric Approach to Development Planning, Amsterdam,

North Holland, 1965.

Ramsey, F. “A Mathematical Theory of Saving,” Economic Journal

38 (1928): 543-59.

D. Endogenous Growth: Capital-Based Models

Barro and Sala-i-Martin, Chapters 4 and 5

Romer, P. “Increasing Returns and Long-Run Growth,” Journal of Political Economy 94 (1986): 1002-37.

Lucas, R.E., Jr. “On the Mechanics of Economic Development,”

Journal of Monetary Economics 22 (1988): 3-42.

Rebelo, S. “ Long-Run Policy Analysis and Long-Run Growth,”

Journal of Political Economy 99 (1991): 500-21.

E.Endogenous Growth: Innovation-Based Models with Variety

Expansion

Barro and Sala-i-Martin, Chapter 6.

Romer, P. “Endogenous Technological Change,” Journal of Political Economy 98 (1990): S71-S102.

Gancia, G. and F. Zilibotti. “Horizontal Innovation in the Theory of Growth and Development,” in Handbook of Economic Growth, North Holland 2005.

F.Endogenous Growth: Innovation-Based Models with Quality

Improvements

Barro and Sala-i-Martin, Chapter 7.

Aghion and Howitt, Chapter 2.

Aghion, P. and P. Howitt. “A Model of Growth through Creative Destruction,” Econometrica 60 (1992): 323-51.

Aghion, P. and P. Howitt. “Growth with Quality-Improving Innovations: An Integrated Framework,” in Handbook of Economic

Growth, North Holland 2005.

Aghion, P. and P. Howitt. “Appropriate Growth Policy: A Unifying Framework,” Working Paper, 2005.

G. Endogenous Growth in Open Economies

Grossman, G.M. and E. Helpman. “Comparative Advantage and Long-Run Growth,” American Economic Review 80 (1990): 796-815. Grossman, G.M. and E. Helpman. “Quality Ladders and Product Cycles,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 106 (1991): 557-586.

Howitt, P. “Endogenous Growth and Cross-Country Income Differences,” American Economic Review 90 (2000): 829-46.

Howitt, P. and D. Mayer-Foulkes. “R&D, Implementation and Stagnation: A Schumpeterian Theory of Convergence Clubs,”

Journal of Money, Credit and Banking 37 (February 2005): 147-77. Aghion, P., P. Howitt and D. Mayer-Foulkes. “The Effect of Financial Development on Convergence: Theory and Evidence,”

Quarterly Journal of Economics 120 (2005): 173-222.

Daron, A., P. Aghion and F. Zilibotti. “Distance to Frontier, Selection and Economic Growth.” The Journal of the European

Economic Association (2006), forthcoming.

H. Endogenous Growth, Competition and Finance

Aghion and Howitt, Chapter 7.

Aghion, P. and P. Howitt. “Growth with Quality-Improving Innovations: An Integrated Framework,” in Handbook of Economic Growth, North Holland 2005.

Helpman, E. “Innovation, Imitation and Intellectual Property Rights,”

Econometrica 68 (2001): 467-92.

Aghion, P, N. Bloom, R. Blundell, R. Griffith and P. Howitt.

“Competition and Innovation: An Inverted-U Relationship,”

Quarterly Journal of Economics 120 (May 2005): 701-28.

Aghion, P., C. Harris, P. Howitt and J. Vickers. “Competition, Imitation and Growth with Step-by-Step Innovation,” Review of

Economic Studies 68 (2001): 467-92.

Aghion, P., P. Howitt and D. Mayer-Foulkes. “The Effect of Financial Development on Convergence: Theory and Evidence,”

Quarterly Journal of Economics 120 (2005): 173-222.

Aghion, P., D. Comin and P. Howitt. “When Does Domestic Saving Matter for Economic Growth?” Working paper (2006).

I. Sources of Growth

Barro and Sala-i-Martin, Chapters 10 and 12.

Easerly, W. and R. Levine. “It’s Not Factor Accumulation: Stylized Facts and Growth Models,” World Bank Economic Review 15(2)

(2001): 177-219.

Barro, R. “Human Capital and Growth,” American Economic Review

91 (2001): 12-17.

Sachs, J.D. and A.M. Warner. “Fundamental Sources of Long-Run Growth,” American Economic Review 87 (1997): 184-188.

Sala-i-Martin, X. “I Just Run Two Millions Regressions,” American Economic Review 87 (1997): 178-182.

Caselli, F. “The Missing Input: Accounting for Cross-Country Income Differences,” in Handbook of Economic Growth, North

Holland 2005.

J. Testing for Endogenous Growth

Aghion and Howitt, Chapters 8 (Section 5) and 12.

Jones, C. “R&D-Based Models of Economic Growth,” Journal of Political Economy 103 (1995): 759-84.

Jones, C. “Time Series Tests of Endogenous Growth Models,”

Quarterly Journal of Economics 110 (1995): 495-525.

Howitt, P. “Steady Endogenous Growth with Population and R&D Inputs Growing,” Journal of Political Economy 107 (1999): 715-30. Mankiw, N.G., D. Romer and D. Weil. “A Contribution to the Empirics of Economic Growth,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 107 (1992): 407-37.

Evans, P. “Using Cross-Country Variances to Evaluate Growth Theories,” Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 20 (1996):

1027-49.

IV.Economic Fluctuations

A. Stylized Facts of Business Cycles

Abel and Bernanke, Chapter 8 (Sections 2 and 3).

Romer, Chapters 1 (Sections 1 and 2) and 5 (Section 6).

B. Real Business Cycle (RBC) Theory

Kydland, F. and E. C. Prescott. “Time to Build and Aggregate Fluctuations,” Econometrica 50 (1982): 1345-70.

Long, J. and C. Plosser. “Real Business Cycles,” Journal of Political Economy 91 (1989):39-69.

Mankiw, N. G. “Real Business Cycles: A New Keynesian

Perspective,” Journal of Economic Perspective 3 (1989): 79-90.

King, R. and S. Rebelo. “Resuscitating Real Business Cycles,” in Handbook of Macroeconomics, 1999 (Chapter 14).

Gomme, P., F. Kydland and P. Rupert. “Home Production Meets Time to Build,” Journal of Political Economy 109 (2001): 1115-31.

Rebelo, S. “Real Business Cycle Models: Past, Present and Future,”

Scandinavian Journal of Economics 107(2005): 217-38.

C. (New) Keynesian Theory

Romer, Chapters 5 and 6 (Parts B and C)

Blanchard and Fischer, Chapters 8 and 10

Fischer, S. “Long-Term Contracts, Rational Expectations, and the Optimal Money Rule,” Journal of Political Economy 85 (1977): 191-

205.

Taylor, J. “Staggered Wage Setting in a Macro Model,” American Economic Review 69 (1979): 108-113.

Taylor, J. “Staggered Price and Wage Setting in Macroeconomics,”

in Handbook of Macroeconomics, 1999 (Chapter 15).

Mankiw, N. G. “Small Menu Costs and Large Business Cycles: A Macroeconomic Model of Monopoly,” Quarterly Journal of

Economics 100 (1985): 529-39.

Ball, L., N. G. Mankiw and D. Romer. “The New Keynesian

Economics and the Output-Inflation Trade-off,” Brookings Papers on

Economic Activity 1 (1988): 1-65.

Ball, L and D. Romer. “ Real Rigidities and the Non-Neutrality of Money,” Review of Economic Studies 57 (1990): 183-302.

V.Inflation and Monetary Policy

Romer, Chapter 9

Blanchard and Fischer, Chapters 4, 5 and 11.

Samuelson, P. A. “An Exact Consumption-Loan Model of Interest With or Without the Social Contrivance of Money,” Journal of

Political Economy 66 (1958): 1002-11.

Diamond, P. A. “National Debt in a Neoclassical Growth Model,”

American Economic Review 55 (1965): 1126-50.

Kiyotaki, N. and R. Wright. “A Search-Theoretic Approach to

Monetary Economics,” American Economic Review 83 (1993): 63-77.

Howitt, P. “Beyond Search: Fiat Money in Organized Exchange,”

International Economic Review 46 (2005): 405-29.

Clarida, R., J. Gali and M. Gertler. “The Science of Monetary Policy:

A New Keynesian Perspective,” Journal of Economic Literature 37

(1999): 1661-1707.

Kydland, F. and E. Prescott. “Rules Rather Than Discretion: The Inconsistency of Optimal Plans,” Journal of Political Economy 85

(1977): 473-91.

Lucas, R. E. “Econometric Policy Evaluation: A Critique,” Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy 1 (1976): 19-46.

Blanchard, O. and J. Gali. “Real Wage Rigidities and the New

Keynesian Model,” Federal Reserve Bank of Boston Working Paper

(2005), No. 05-14.

McCallum, B. “Issues in the Design of Monetary Policy Rules,” in Handbook of Macroeconomics, 1999 (Chapter 23).

VI.Unemployment and Coordination Failure

Romer, Chapter 10

Blanchard and Fischer, Chapter 9 (Section 5).

Pissarides, C. A., Equilibrium Unemployment Theory, Blackwell, 1990 (Part I).

Shapiro, C. and J. E. Stiglitz. “Equilibrium Unemployment as a Worker-Discipline Device,” American Economic Review 74 (1984):

433-44.

Diamond, P. “Aggregate-Demand Management in Search

Equilibrium.” Journal of Political Economy 90 (1982): 881-94.

Cooper, R. and A. John. “Coordinating Coordination Failures in Keynesian Models,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 103 (1988):

441-63.

《中医方剂学》考点汇总

《中医方剂学》考点汇总 1.小青龙汤组成中含有:麻黄、细辛、半夏、干姜。 2.大青龙汤组成中含有:麻黄、桂枝、石膏、杏仁。 3.麻黄汤的主治病证是:恶寒发热,头身疼痛,无汗而喘,舌苔白,脉浮紧。 4.桂枝汤的主治病证是:发热汗出,恶风,鼻鸣干呕,舌苔薄白,脉浮缓。 5.桑菊饮的功效是:疏风清热,宣肺止咳。 6.银翘散的功效是:清热解毒,辛凉透表。 7.败毒散和再造散组成中均含有:人参、甘草。 8.小青龙汤和再造散组成中均含有:麻黄、细辛。 9.热结旁流,下利清水色纯青,腹痛拒按,口干舌燥,脉滑实,治当选用:大承气汤。 10.阳明热结阴伤,便秘,小便数多,趺阳脉浮而涩。治当选用:麻子仁丸。 11.黄龙汤的功效是:攻下热结,益气养血。 12.济川煎的功效是:温润通便。

13.增液承气汤的功效是:滋阴增液,通便泄热。 14.大黄附子汤主治:腹痛便秘,胁下偏痛,发热,手足厥逆,脉弦紧者。 15.济川煎主治:便秘,小便清长,腰膝酸软,头晕目眩,舌淡脉虚者。 16.麻子仁丸组成中含有:小承气汤。 17.黄龙汤组成中含有:大承气汤。 18.脾阳不足,久痢赤白,脐腹冷痛,四肢不温,脉沉弦者。治宜选用:温脾汤。 19.脾约证,见大便燥结难解,小便数多,苔黄少津,脉浮涩。治宜选用:麻子仁丸。 20.寒积便秘,腹痛,胁下偏痛,发热,四肢厥逆,苔白,脉弦紧者。治宜选用:大黄附子汤。 21.黑逍遥散组成中含有:柴胡、白芍、地黄、甘草。 22.四逆散组成中含有:柴胡、白芍、枳实、甘草。 23.纳谷不香,腹中雷鸣下利,心下痞硬而满,干呕而烦。治宜选用:甘草泻心汤。

24.外感初起,身热头痛,恶寒无汗,腹痛下利,舌苔薄白,脉浮弱。治宜选用:人参败毒散。 25.小柴胡汤的主要功用是:和解少阳。 26.逍遥散主要功用是:调和肝脾气血。 27.主治病证以痞、呕、利三症并见为特点的方剂是:半夏泻心汤。 28.主治病证中以寒热往来,伴有口苦而呕,咽干目眩等症为特点的方剂是:小柴胡汤。 29.逍遥散中使用薄荷的主要意义是:疏肝调达。 30.银翘散中使用荆芥、豆豉的主要意义是:解表透邪。31.清骨散的功用:泻火养阴,退热除蒸。 32.竹叶石膏汤的功用:清热生津,益气和胃。 33.患者胸胁不舒,头痛目眩,口燥咽干,神疲乏力,不思饮食,小腹坠胀,月经错后,临经腹痛,脉弦而虚。治宜选用:逍遥散。 34.患者带下,色黄而稠,小便浑浊,阴肿阴痒,舌红苔黄腻,脉弦滑。治宜选用:龙胆泻肝汤。 35.白头翁汤最适用于:热毒血痢。

中医方剂学学习笔记

第一单元总论 细目一:方剂与治法 一、方剂与治法的关系 方剂与治法的关系可以概括为“方从法出”。 二、常用治法 1. 汗法汗法主要适用于外感六淫之邪所致的表证。 2. 和法通过和解或调和以祛邪愈病的一种治疗方法。和法主要有和解少阳、透达膜原、调和肝脾、疏肝和胃、分消上下、调和肠胃、表里双解等。 3. 下法适用于胃肠有实邪阻结,大便不通,或泄泻不爽,以及瘀血、结痰、积水 肿胀等证。 4. 消法通过消食导滞,软坚散结使体内气、血、痰、水、食、虫等积聚而成的有 形实结缓消渐散的一种治疗方法。 5. 吐法极易损伤胃气,所以非实邪壅塞且病势急剧者不宜使用。体虚、新产和孕妇,即使有实邪壅塞,亦须慎用。 6. 清法适用于火热或热毒在里所致的各种病证。 7. 温法通过温里、祛寒、回阳等治疗各种寒证的方法。 8. 补法补法一般是在气、血、阴、阳不足且无邪实的情况下使用的,以免闭门留寇,但扶正又可祛邪。 细目二:方剂的组成与变化 一、方剂的基本结构 方剂的一般结构,大体分为君、臣、佐、使四个部分。 1. 君药针对主病或主证起主要治疗作用的药物。 注:每一方中必须有君药。君药的药味较少,其用量相应要大。 2. 臣药有两种意义。 (1)辅助君药加强对主病或主证的治疗作用的药物。 (2)针对主要兼病或兼证起主要治疗作用的药物。 3. 佐药有三种意义。 (1)佐助药:配合君、臣药以加强治疗作用,或直接治疗次要兼证,或针对某一 症状发挥治疗作用的药物。 (2)佐制药:用以消除或减弱君、臣药的毒性,或制约君、臣药峻烈之性的药物。 (3)反佐药:病重邪甚时, 为防止拒药,配用的与君药性质相反而又能在治疗中起 相成作用的药物。 4. 使药有两种意义。 (1)引经药:用以引领方中诸药至病所或特定部位的药物。 (2)调和药:用以调和方中诸药的药物。 二、方剂的变化形式 1. 药味加减的变化指通过调整方剂的组成药物,以适应病情变化和治疗需要的方法,习称“随证加减”。 运用前提:主证不变,君药不变。 变化方法:增加或减少方剂组成中的次要药物(只是臣、佐、使药的适当调整)。 2. 药量增减的变化指通过调整方剂中药物的用量,以适应病情变化和治疗需要的 方法。 运用前提:组成方剂的药物不变。 变化方法:增加或减少方剂组成药物的用量。

中医方剂学重点精华汇总~

方剂学重点 1.小青龙汤组成中含有:麻黄、细辛、半夏、干。 2.大青龙汤组成中含有:麻黄、桂枝、石膏、杏仁。 3.麻黄汤的主治病证是:恶寒发热,头身疼痛,无汗而喘,舌苔白,脉浮紧。4.桂枝汤的主治病证是:发热汗出,恶风,鼻鸣干呕,舌苔薄白,脉浮缓。5.桑菊饮的功效是:疏风清热,宣肺止咳。 6.银翘散的功效是:清热解毒,辛凉透表。 7.败毒散和再造散组成中均含有:人参、甘草。 8.小青龙汤和再造散组成中均含有:麻黄、细辛。 9.热结旁流,下利清水色纯青,腹痛拒按,口干舌燥,脉滑实,治当选用:大承气汤。 10.阳明热结阴伤,便秘,小便数多,趺阳脉浮而涩。治当选用:麻子仁丸。11.黄龙汤的功效是:攻下热结,益气养血。 12济川煎的功效是:温润通便。 13.增液承气汤的功效是:滋阴增液,通便泄热。 14.大黄附子汤主治:腹痛便秘,胁下偏痛,发热,手足厥逆,脉弦紧者。15.济川煎主治:便秘,小便清长,腰膝酸软,头晕目眩,舌淡脉虚者。16.麻子仁丸组成中含有:小承气汤。 17.黄龙汤组成中含有:大承气汤。 18.脾阳不足,久痢赤白,脐腹冷痛,四肢不温,脉沉弦者。治宜选用:温脾汤。19.脾约证,见大便燥结难解,小便数多,苔黄少津,脉浮涩。治宜选用:麻子仁丸。 20.寒积便秘,腹痛,胁下偏痛,发热,四肢厥逆,苔白,脉弦紧者。治宜选用:大黄附子汤。 21.黑逍遥散组成中含有:柴胡、白芍、地黄、甘草。 22.四逆散组成中含有:柴胡、白芍、枳实、甘草。 23.纳谷不香,腹中雷鸣下利,心下痞硬而满,干呕而烦。治宜选用:甘草泻心汤。 24.外感初起,身热头痛,恶寒无汗,腹痛下利,舌苔薄白,脉浮弱。治宜选用:人参败毒散。 25.小柴胡汤的主要功用是:和解少阳。 26.逍遥散主要功用是:调和肝脾气血。 27.主治病证以痞、呕、利三症并见为特点的方剂是:半夏泻心汤。 28.主治病证中以寒热往来,伴有口苦而呕,咽干目眩等症为特点的方剂是:小柴胡汤。 29.逍遥散中使用薄荷的主要意义是:疏肝调达。 30.银翘散中使用荆芥、豆豉的主要意义是:解表透邪。31.清骨散的功用:泻火养阴,退热除蒸。 32.竹叶石膏汤的功用:清热生津,益气和胃。 33.患者胸胁不舒,头痛目眩,口燥咽干,神疲乏力,不思饮食,小腹坠胀,月经错后,临经腹痛,脉弦而虚。治宜选用:逍遥散。 34.患者带下,色黄而稠,小便浑浊,阴肿阴痒,舌红苔黄腻,脉弦滑。治宜选

方剂学-完整版

解表剂——辛温解表 麻黄//桂枝//杏仁、甘草 外感风寒表实证(恶寒发热,无汗而喘,脉浮紧) 桂芝要炒姜枣 桂枝//芍药//甘草、生姜、大枣 外感风寒表虚证(发热,恶风,汗出,脉浮)服后须臾,食热稀粥少许以助药力,并盖衣被温覆,以避风助汗 羌活防地荒草,川苍细心指[导] 羌活//防风、苍术//细辛、川芎、白芷、生地黄、黄芩、甘草外感风寒湿邪,兼有里热证(恶寒发热,头痛无汗,肢体酸楚疼痛,口苦微渴) 香薷散—祛暑解表,化湿和中 阴暑(恶寒发热,头重身痛,无汗,胸闷,苔白腻,脉浮 ) 小青龙骂心肝味子,干姜嫂下跪 麻黄、桂枝//细辛、干姜//芍药、五味子、半夏、甘草 外寒内饮证(恶寒发热,无汗,胸痞喘咳,痰多而稀,或痰饮喘咳,不得平卧,或身体疼重,头面四肢浮肿,舌苔白滑,脉浮) 止嗽散—宣利肺气,疏风止咳 风邪犯肺证(咳嗽咽痒,咳痰不爽,或微有恶风发热,脉浮缓)辛凉解表 银桥河牛,急吃碎叶草根 连翘、银花//薄荷、荆芥穗、淡豆豉、牛蒡子//苦桔梗、竹叶、生甘草 温病初起(发热无汗,微恶风寒,咳嗽咽痛,头痛口渴,脉浮数) 桑菊杏姐连甘草和芦根[都除掉] 桑叶//菊花、杏仁、桔梗//连翘,薄荷、苇根、甘草 风温初期(咳嗽,发热不甚,微渴,脉浮数) 麻黄、石膏(18g)//杏仁//甘草 表邪未解,肺热咳喘证(发热,喘急,舌苔薄黄,脉数) 扶正解表 柴前败毒儿活,知府感激仁兄 羌活、独活//柴胡、川芎//前胡、枳壳、茯苓、桔梗、人参、甘草 气虚外感证(憎寒壮热,肢体酸痛,无汗,脉浮按之无力) 参苏饮—益气解表,理气化痰 虚人外感风寒,内有痰饮证 泻下剂——寒下 大小朴实大黄//芒硝//厚朴(24g)、枳实 *阳明腑实证(大便不通,脘腹痞满,腹痛拒按,谵语,苔黑而干或焦黑燥裂,脉沉实有力) *热结旁流(下利清水,脐腹疼痛,口舌干燥,脉滑数) *里热结实证(热厥,痉病或发狂) 大黄后下,芒硝溶服 “釜底抽薪”、“急下存阴”、“通因通用”、“寒因寒用” 大黄牡丹忙销瓜桃 大黄、桃仁//牡丹、芒硝//冬瓜子 肠痈初起(少腹疼痛拒按,右足屈而不伸,舌苔黄,脉滑数)温下 福大人忙归炒姜温脾 大黄、附子//当归、干姜、芒硝//人参、甘草 寒积腹痛(腹痛便秘,手足不温,苔白,脉沉弦而迟) 润下 济川煎—温肾益精,润肠通便 肾虚便秘(大便秘结,小便清白,腰膝酸软)“用通于补” 麻子姓黄要朴实 麻子仁//芍药、大黄、杏仁//枳实、厚朴 脾约证(大便秘结,小便频数,舌苔微黄)“攻润相合” 攻补兼施 黄龙汤—攻下热结,益气养血 阳明腑实,气血不足证(自利清水,或大便秘结,脘腹胀满,身热口渴,神倦少气,舌苔焦黄或黑,脉虚) 增液承气汤:增液汤(玄参/麦冬/生地)+大黄、芒硝“增水行舟”逐水 *悬饮(心下痞硬,干呕短气,头痛目眩,或胸背掣痛不得息,舌苔滑,脉沉弦) *水肿(一身悉肿,尤以身半以下为重,腹胀喘满,二便不利)共为细末,和匀,或装入胶囊,每次1~2g,以大枣10枚,煎汤,于清晨空腹送服 和解剂——和解少阳 小柴胡请人伴甘姜嫂 柴胡//黄芩//半夏、生姜、参.草.枣 *伤寒少阳证*妇人热入血室 蒿芩下令,诸臣只戴花草 青蒿脑、青子芩//淡竹茹、仙半夏、赤茯苓、碧玉散(滑石、甘草、青黛)//生枳壳、陈广皮 少阳湿热证(寒热如疟,寒轻热重,胸胁胀痛,吐酸苦水,舌红苔腻,脉弦滑数) 调和肝脾 四妮只烧干柴

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