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1-s2.0-S0040402012016389-main (1)
1-s2.0-S0040402012016389-main (1)

A practical isocyanide-based multicomponent synthesis of polysubstituted cyclopentenes

Akin Sa g ?rli a ,Yas ?ar D €u

r €u st a ,Benson Kariuki b ,David W.Knight b ,*a Department of Chemistry,Abant _Izzet Baysal University,TR-14280Bolu,Turkey

b

School of Chemistry,Cardiff University,Main College,Park Place,Cardiff CF103AT,UK

a r t i c l e i n f o

Article history:

Received 11July 2012

Received in revised form 3October 2012Accepted 22October 2012

Available online 30October 2012Keywords:

Multicomponent Cyclopentene

Ylidenemalononitriles Isocyanide b -Nitrostyrene

a b s t r a c t

A number of polysubstituted cyclopentenes have been obtained by a multicomponent catalyst-free reaction using a combination of b -nitrostyrene,benzylidenemalononitriles and 2-morpholinoethyl isocyanide.

ó2012Elsevier Ltd.All rights reserved.

1.Introduction

Multicomponent reactions (MCRs)whereby more than two reactants combine in a sequential fashion to give products that retain the majority of the atoms of the starting materials have received much attention during the past 150years 1,2as these can lead to valuable heterocyclic scaffolds in a rapid and highly selective manner.

Well-established examples of such three-component reactions include alkyne trimerization,the Biginelli,Bucherer e Bergs and Gewald reactions,the Hantzsch pyridine synthesis,the Kabach-nik e Fields,Mannich,Passerini,and Pauson e Khand reactions and the Strecker amino acid synthesis.3e 7

Isocyanide-based MCRs are frequently exploited because iso-cyanide is an extraordinary functional group as it displays the re-activity of two extreme resonance forms having either tetravalent or divalent carbon forms.This enables the isocyanide group to undergo both electrophilic and nucleophilic reactions at the divalent carbon atom,which then converts into the tetravalent form in an exo-thermic reaction.The occurrence of isocyanides in natural products has also made it a useful functional group.The two most important isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions are the Passerini three-component reaction to produce a -acyloxy carboxamides and the Ugi four-component reaction,which yields a -acylamino carboxamides.8

Some recent examples of multicomponent reactions using

isocyanide as a component have been reported.9e 132.Results and discussion

Reaction of b -nitrostyrene 1,2-morpholinoethyl isocyanide 2and benzylidenemalononitriles 3a e i in dry tetrahydrofuran (THF)for 36e 48h in the absence of catalyst afforded polysubstituted cyclopentene derivatives 4a e i as single products,which were iso-lated by column chromatography on silica gel (Scheme 1,Table 1).

The structures were identi ?ed based on IR,NMR and HRMS data,X-ray crystallography and physical characteristics.In the IR spectra,

X CN

2

3

rt,36-48h

4

X

NC

NH

NO 2

N

O

H

H THF H

R

R

Scheme 1.Three-component synthesis of cyclopentenes 4a e i .

*Corresponding author.Tel.:t44(0)2920874210;fax:t44(0)2920874030;e-mail addresses:knightdw@https://www.sodocs.net/doc/0c4792196.html, ,knightdw@https://www.sodocs.net/doc/0c4792196.html, (D.W.Knight).Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect

Tetrahedron

journal h omepage:ww w.el https://www.sodocs.net/doc/0c4792196.html,/locate/tet

0040-4020/$e see front matter ó2012Elsevier Ltd.All rights reserved.https://www.sodocs.net/doc/0c4792196.html,/10.1016/j.tet.2012.10.065

Tetrahedron 69(2013)69e 72

cyano absorptions originating from the benzylidene malononitriles appear at around 2191e 2259cm à1and strong NO 2absorptions arose at around 1628e 1634cm à1,respectively.In the proton NMR spectra,the proton on the NH group,which originated from the 2-morpholinoethyl isocyanide resonated in the region of 9.57e 9.71ppm,as a singlet for 4a ,4d ,4e ,4f ,4g and 4s and as a triplet for 4b ,4c and 4h .Cyclopentene ring protons appeared at around 5.0ppm (the one closer to nitro group)and 4.80ppm as singlets,which can also be considered as supportive of the suggested structure for the cycloadducts.As for 13C NMR spectra,the most deshielded absorptions were observed for cyclopentene ring carbons attached to the NH of the morpholinoethyl group at around 155e 157ppm and,in the case of ester (4i ),phenyl ring carbons at-tached to a nitro group as in 4f (156.7ppm)and 4e where a methoxy substitution is present on the phenyl group (161.59ppm).

Below,a proposed mechanism leading to the formation of pol-ysubstituted cyclopentenes 4a e i is depicted (Scheme 2).Therein,initial nucleophilic attack of isocyanide on the benzylidene

malononitrile produces an intermediate 1,4-dipolar structure.After a resonance delocalization of this,a 1,3-dipolar structure emerges and dipolar cycloaddition to b -nitrostyrene occurs to afford an imino cyclopentane ring,which further tautomerizes to give the polysubstituted cyclopentenes.

These structures were con ?rmed by obtaining an X-ray crystal structure of 4a ;an ORTEP view for compound 4a is presented in Fig.1.The CIF ?les have been deposited at Cambridge Crystallo-graphic Data Center with registry number CCDC 888755.

The asymmetric unit consists of two molecules of 4a ,distin-guishable by the conformation of the chain linking the cyclo-pentene and morpholine rings (Cpen e NH e CH 2e CH 2e torsion angles of 103 and 178 ).Intramolecular N e H /O hydrogen bonding occurs involving one oxygen atom of the nitro group but otherwise molecular geometry is normal (Fig.2).

3.Conclusion

In conclusion,we have developed a three-component reaction of b -nitrostyrene,benzylidene malononitriles and 2-morpholinoethyl isocyanide,which affords highly functionalized cyclopentene derivatives in moderate to good yields via a dipolar cycloaddition in a one-pot operation under catalyst-free conditions.

Table 1

MCRs between b -nitrostyrene 1,isocyanide 2and benzylidene malononitrile 3to give cyclopentenes 4

Ph

NO 2

O N N C

CN

X

N

O

2

2

3

1R

4

+

4R X Time (h)Yield of 4(%)a H CN 3660b 2-Br CN 4848c 4-CF 3CN 3675d 4-Cl CN 3665e 4-OCH 3CN 4845f 4-NO 2CN 3670g 4-CN CN 4868h 4-F CN

4865i a

4-H

COOCH 3

24

75

a

Isolated as a single diastereoisomer of undetermined relative stereochemistry.

N

O

2

N

O

N

O

4

Scheme 2.Proposed mechanism for the formation 4a e i .

Fig.1.X-ray ORTEP view of 4a .

A.Sa g

?rli et al./Tetrahedron 69(2013)69e 7270

4.Experimental

4.1.General information

Melting points were determined on a Ko ?er hot-stage apparatus and are uncorrected.Infrared spectra were recorded on Perkin Elmer-FTIR 1600series spectrophotometer.NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker DPX 400spectrometer operating at 400MHz for 1H and at 100MHz for 13C at 25 C.13C NMR,COSY,NOESY,HETCOR,HMBC,HSQC spectra recorded at 125MHz were recorded using a Bruker DRX 500instrument.Mass spectra (low and high resolution)were recorded on Fisons VG Platform II,Micromass Q-TOF Micro (ESI-interface)and Waters SYNAPT spectrometers.All chemical shifts are reported in parts per million down ?eld from TMS.Coupling constants (J )are reported in hertz.Multiplicity in 1H NMR is reported as singlet (s),broad singlet (br s),doublet (d),doublet of doublets (dd),triplet (t),and multiplet (m).

Benzylidene malononitriles (3a e h ),methyl 2-cyano-3-phenylacrylate (3i )and b -nitrostyrene were synthesized using lit-erature procedures.14e 16

4.2.Typical procedure for the synthesis of polysubstituted cyclopentene derivatives via three-component reactions A mixture of 2-morpholinoethyl isocyanide 2(70mg,0.5mmol),b -nitrostyrene 1(74.5mg,0.5mmol)and benzylidene malononi-triles (3a e j )(0.5mmol)or methyl 2-cyano-3-phenylacrylate 3i (0.5mmol)was stirred in dry THF (15mL)for the appropriate re-action time (24e 48h)at ambient temperature.After completion of the reaction,which was monitored by TLC,the solvent was evap-orated and the residue was dissolved in diethyl ether (15mL).After 10min,the products precipitated directly from the solution and were ?ltered off and washed with diethyl ether (2?15mL).A ?nal puri ?cation by chromatography using silica gel (ethyl acetate/hexane;2:1)then yielded the pure products 4a e i .

4.2.1.(2RS,5RS)-3-(2-Morpholinoethylamino)-4-nitro-2,5-diphenylcyc-lopent-3-ene-1,1-dicarbonitrile 4a .Light brown powder (60%);mp 171e 173 C;R f :0.26(EtOAc/hexane,2:1);IR (KBr):n max ?3443,2949,2867,2259,1631,1457,1381,1220,698cm à1;1H NMR (400MHz,CDCl 3)d 9.71(s,1H,-N H ),7.62e 7.57(m,3H),7.48e 7.43(m,3H),

7.42e 7.30(m,4H),5.03(s,1H),4.84(s,1H),3.78(s,4H,2?O e CH 2e ),

3.25(br s,1H),3.03(br s,1H),2.60e 2.35(m,6H,3?N e CH 2e );13C NMR (126MHz,DMSO-d 6)d 157.8,135.0,132.4,130.4,130.1,129.4,129.3,129.1,128.3,115.3,11

4.2(C ^N),113.8(C ^N),66.5,56.5,54.3,53.7,53.3,4

5.9,31.1;TOF MS ES t(m /z ,%):444.20(100).HRMS (ESI-TOF,[M tH]t):calcd for C 25H 26N 5O 3,444.2036,found 444.2014.4.2.2.(2RS,5RS)-2-(2-Bromophenyl)-3-(2-morpholinoethylamino)-4-nitro-5-phenylcyclopent-3-ene-1,1-dicarbonitrile 4b .Light brown solid (48%);mp 158e 160 C;R f :0.39(EtOAc/hexane,2:1);IR (KBr):n max ?3237,2956,2849,2249,1634,1440,1388,1234,734cm à1;1H NMR (400MHz,CDCl 3)d 9.57(br s,1H,e N H ),7.84(dd,J ?8.0,1.4Hz,1H),7.50e 7.30(m,7H),7.20(dd,J ?7.7,1.7Hz,1H),5.44(s,1H),5.00(s,1H),3.79(t,J ?4.4Hz,4H),3.26(br s,1H),2.95e 2.88(m,1H),2.62e 2.38(m,6H);13C NMR (100MHz,CDCl 3)d 15

6.0,134.9,133.4,132.6,131.0,130.0,129.6,129.5,128.3,128.0,126.4,116.1,113.8(C ^N),112.4(C ^N),6

7.2,56.5,55.6,55.3,53.6,44.7,31.3;TOF MS ES t(m /z ,%):522.70(100),524.70(M t2,98).HRMS (ESI-TOF,[M tH]t):calcd for C 25H 2579BrN 5O 3,522.1141;found 522.1140.4.2.3.(2RS,5RS)-3-(2-Morpholinoethylamino)-4-nitro-5-phenyl-2-(4-(tri ?uoromethyl)phenyl)cyclopent-3-ene-1,1-dicarbonitrile 4c .Grey solid (75%);mp 150e 152 C;R f :0.36(EtOAc/hexane,2:1);IR (KBr):n max ?3428,2963,2867,2255,1629,1435,1382,1222,700cm à1;1H NMR (400MHz,CDCl 3)d 9.60(br s,1H,e N H ),7.70(d,J ?

8.2Hz,2H),7.45e 7.27(m,7H),4.91(s,1H),4.80(s,1H),3.68(t,J ?4.4Hz,4H),3.18e 3.09(m,1H),2.90e 2.80(m,1H),2.45e 2.35(m,6H);13C NMR (101MHz,CDCl 3)d 155.1,135.1,133.4,ca.133.2(partly obscured d,C e CF 3),130.2,12

9.7,129.5,128.4,128.0,127.6,123.7(q,J ?272Hz,CF 3),116.6,113.5(C ^N),112.9(C ^N),67.3,56.7,56.1,54.9,53.6,46.1,42.0;TOF MS ES t(m /z ,%):512.80(100).HRMS (ESI-TOF,[M tH]t):calcd for C 26H 25F 3N 5O 3,512.1909;found 512.1910.

4.2.4.(2RS,5RS)-2-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(2-morpholinoethylamino)-4-nitro-5-phenylcyclopent-3-ene-1,1-dicarbonitrile 4d .Yellow solid (65%);mp 178e 180 C;R f :0.26(EtOAc/hexane,2:1);IR (KBr):n max ?3446,2973,2864,2191,1629,1435,1381,1222,702cm à1;1H NMR (400MHz,CDCl 3)d 9.70(s,1H,e N H ),7.54(d,J ?8.1Hz,2H),7.50e 7.26(m,7H),

5.01(s,1H),4.82(s,1H),3.79(s,4H),3.29e 3.22(m,1H),3.06e 3.03(app.br s,1H),2.55e 2.45(m,6H);13C NMR (100MHz,CDCl 3)d 154.0,13

6.0,132.0,129.5,128.6,128.2,128.1,126.5,115.0,112.1(C ^N),111.6(C ^N),65.7,55.3,54.5,53.4,52.1,44.8,40.4;TOF MS ES t(m /z ,%):478.1631.HRMS (ESI à-TOF,[M àH]t):calcd for C 25H 2335ClN 5O 3,476.1489;found 476.1504.4.2.5.(2RS,5RS)-2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-3-(2-morpholinoethylamino)-4-nitro-5-phenylcyclopent-3-ene-1,1-dicarbonitrile 4e .Yellow solid (45%);mp 173e 175 C;R f :0.29(EtOAc/hexane,2:1);IR (KBr):n max ?3272,2916,2848,2249,1631,1439,1385,1256,731cm à1;1H NMR (500MHz,CDCl 3)d 9.70(br s,1H,e N H ),

7.48e 7.35(m,3H),7.30e 7.20(m,4H),7.00(d,J ?

8.8Hz,2H),5.00(s,1H),4.78(s,1H),3.85(s,3H,e OC H 3),3.82e 3.73(m,4H),3.28e 3.23(app.br s,1H),3.07e 3.05(app.br s,1H),2.54e 2.43(m,6H);13C NMR (100MHz,CDCl 3)d 161.5(C e OCH 3),156.5,133.7,12

9.9,129.5,129.3,128.4,128.0,122.6,115.9,114.0(C ^N),113.2(C ^N),67.2,56.8,56.2,55.8,54.7,53.6,46.6,41.6;TOF MS ES t(m /z ,%):474.80(100).HRMS (ESI-TOF,[M tNa]t):calcd for C 26H 27N 5NaO 4,496.1961;found 496.2010.4.2.6.(2RS,5RS)-3-(2-Morpholinoethylamino)-4-nitro-2-(4-nitrophe-nyl)-5-phenylcyclopent-3-ene-1,1-dicarbonitrile 4f .Brown solid (70%);mp 158e 160 C;R f :0.29(EtOAc/hexane,2:1);IR (KBr):n max ?3248,2916,2848,2250,1631,1438,1386,1234,729cm à1;1H NMR (400MHz,CDCl 3)d 9.60(br s,1H,e N H ),7.80(d,J ?8.2Hz,2H),7.50e 7.15(m,7H),4.90(s,1H),4.82(br s,1H),3.77e 3.68(m,4H),3.12e 3.08(m,1H),2.90e 2.87(m,1H),2.40(br s,6H);13C NMR (100MHz,CDCl 3)d 154.2,149.5,138.0,133.2,130.3,130.1,129.8,

127.9,

Fig.2.The asymmetric unit consisting of two molecules.

A.Sa g

?rli et al./Tetrahedron 69(2013)69e 7271

125.7,116.8,113.2(C^N),112.8(C^N),67.2,56.7,56.0,54.9,53.6,45.9, 42.1;TOF MS ESt(m/z,%):489.80(100).HRMS(ESI-TOF,[MtH]t): calcd for C25H25N6O5,489.1886;found489.1891.

4.2.7.(2RS,5RS)-2-(4-Cyanophenyl)-3-(2-morpholinoethylamino)-4-nitro-5-phenylcyclopent-3-ene-1,1-dicarbonitrile4g.Yellow solid (68%);mp167e169 C;R f:0.19(EtOAc/hexane,2:1);IR(KBr): n max?3420,2916,2852,2230,1630,1436,1381,1247,729cmà1;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)d9.61(br s,1H,e N H),8.30(d,J?8.6Hz,2H), 7.50(d,J?8.6Hz,2H),7.38e7.33(m,3H),7.25e7.19(m,2H),4.95(s, 1H),4.87(s,1H),3.71(t,J?4.2Hz,4H),3.10(app.br s,1H),2.88(app. br s,1H),2.44e2.36(m,6H);13C NMR(100MHz,DMSO-d6)d156.6, 149.4,137.5,134.7,133.8,130.5,129.2,129.0,128.2,118.5,11

5.2,113.7, 113.4(C^N),113.1(C^N),6

6.5,56.4,53.6,53.2,45.4,42.4;TOF MS ESt(m/z,%):489.80(100).HRMS(ESI-TOF,[MtNa]t):calcd for C26H24N6NaO3,491.1910;found491.1903.

4.2.8.(2RS,5RS)-2-(4-Fluorophenyl)-3-(2-morpholinoethylamino)-4-nitro-5-phenylcyclopent-3-ene-1,1-dicarbonitrile4h.Pale yellow solid(65%);mp167e169 C;R f:0.32(EtOAc/hexane,2:1);IR(KBr): n max?3426,2916,2848,2250,1633,1435,1381,1231,731cmà1;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)d9.60(br s,1H,e N H),7.48e7.10(m,9H), 4.90(s,1H),4.70(s,1H),3.69(app.t,J?4.6Hz,4H),3.20e3.10(m, 1H),2.95e2.87(m,1H),2.50e2.30(m,6H);13C NMR(100MHz, CDCl3)d163.6(d,J?290Hz,C e F),15

5.6,133.5,130.7,130.0,129.6, 127.9,127.0,12

6.9,118.0,11

7.8,113.7(C^N),113.1(C^N),67.2,56.7, 56.0,54.8,53.6,46.3,41.8;TOF MS ESt(m/z,%):462.80(100).HRMS (ESI-TOF,[MtH]t):calcd for C25H25FN5O3,462.1941;found 462.1936.

4.2.9.(1**,2RS,5RS)-Methyl1-cyano-3-(2-morpholinoethylamino)-4-nitro-2,5-diphenylcyclopent-3-ene-carboxylate4i.Light yellow solid (75%);mp195e197 C;R f:0.27(EtOAc/hexane,2:1);IR(KBr): n max?3270,2952,2857,2250,1628,1560,1437,1382,1228, 700cmà1;1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)d9.70(br s,1H,N H), 7.40e7.05(m,10H),

5.07(s,1H),5.00(s,1H),3.69(app.t,J?4.4Hz, 4H),3.20(s,3H,e OC H3),3.15e3.07(m,1H),2.92e2.88(m,1H), 2.45e2.25(m,6H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)d165.8(C]O),161.1 (]C e NH),135.5,134.7,129.8,129.4,128.7,128.6,117.3,115.7(C^N), 6

6.5,56.9,55.5,53.8,53.3,52.4,42.0(three signals obscured);TOF MS ESt(m/z,%):47

7.80(100,[MtH]t).HRMS(ESI-TOF,[MtNa]t): calcd for C26H28NaN4O5,499.1957;found499.1975.

[These data showed product4i to be a single diastereoisomer,of undetermined stereochemistry at C-1.]

4.3.Crystal structure determination

Crystallization of product4a was by slow evaporation of a dichloromethane/ethane solution to yield yellow plates,mp 171e173 C.The best crystal found was twinned and diffracted weakly.Data were recorded on a Nonius Kappa CCD diffractometer equipped with an Oxford Cryosystem cryostat.The structure was solved by direct methods with additional light atoms found by Fourier methods using SHELX97(SHELX97d Programs for Crystal Structure Analysis(Release97-2).G.M.Sheldrick,Instit€u t f€u r Anorganische Chemie der Universit€a t,Tammanstrasse4,D-3400 G€o ttingen,Germany,1998.).Hydrogen atoms were added at cal-culated positions and re?ned using a riding model.Anisotropic displacement parameters were used for all non-H atoms;H-atoms were given isotropic displacement parameters equal to1.2?the equivalent isotropic displacement parameter of the atom to which the H-atom is attached.

The CIF?les have been deposited with the Cambridge Crystal-lographic Data Center with registry number CCDC888755.

C26H24N6O3,M r?468.51,triclinic,P-1,a?12.409(2) A, b?14.641(3) A,c?14.664(2) A,a?72.091(9) ,b?89.802(8) , g?70.013(6) ,V?2367.0(7) A3,Z?4,D x?1.315Mg mà3,l(Mo K a)?

0.71073 A,m?0.089cmà1,F(000)?984,T?150(2)K,crystal size?0.35?0.30?0.10mm3,re?ections collected?8014,independent re?ections?4830,3046with F o>4s(F o),R int?0.0676,?nal R1?0.1340, wR2?0.3347for I>2s(I),and R1?0.19,wR2?0.3745for all data.

Acknowledgements

We are very grateful to a referee for helpful comments. References and notes

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A.Sa g?rli et al./Tetrahedron69(2013)69e72 72

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