中国散文翻译的新收获_喜读张培基教授_英译中国现代散文选_

C hi n e s e Tr a n s l a t o r s J o u r n a l

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《中国翻译》2000年第3期

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译林漫步?收稿日期:2000-01-08

近百年来把西方一些知识分子的思想或理论译介给国人者不乏其人,中国人中自己主动把一九一九年“五四“运动以来存在于散文中那些鲜活的思想译介给外国人的学者却并不多见。张培基教授《英译中国现代散文选》弥补了这个缺憾。二十世纪末能在炒得沸沸扬扬的书市上偶拾到这样一本选材精当、译功踏实的新书《英译中国现代散文选》,幸甚!《英译中国现代散文选》的译者很看重所选散文中的“真情”———那种迫于必要而非出于志愿的应景文章一概不译;译者对曾有过争议的名人作品也不看其名气大小,而着眼于其散文是否仍有现实意义;如果能给后人留下一点值得思考的东西,那么就将其译出。例如所译胡适的《差不多先生传》在揭示我们民族劣根性方面很有特色,至今读来尤有极深刻的现实意义。《英译中国现代散文选》篇幅有限,但它几乎囊括了1919年“五四”运动以来中国一大批杰出作家寓意深邃的有一定代表性的散文作品。这些作家或名人包括李大钊、方志敏、鲁迅、郭沫若、胡适、叶圣陶、朱自清、郁达夫、柔石、萧红、老舍、郑振铎、萧乾、冰心等等;也有至今仍在笔耕的文学巨匠如巴金、季羡林等等。《英译中国现代散文选》可成为让当代的西方人了解中国,了解中国人的思想脉搏的一面三棱镜或一本好教材。目前西方一些国家首脑人物都很重视其“智囊团”对孔子、老子、孙子等我国古代思想家或军事家的研究,这方面的译作也较多,但对上述我国知识层面的代表人物知之甚少。因此,《英译中国现代散文选》的推出

对国人的翻译指导思想或翻译观念的更新也会起到先导作用。让世人了解中国,了解中国人民真实的思想感情,有条件的有识之士应多做些这方面的译介工作。张培基教授《英译中国现代散文选》问世的意义不可低估。

如果只读《英译中国现代散文选》

(汉英对照)中的英文,你不会觉得这是译文,不会觉得其英文是出自一位中国人的手。译者不仅在句子层面上力求做到语言自然流畅、准确细致、雅俗得当而且又特别着意语篇神韵的再创造,力求既完美地保持原文的信息、原文的功能又译出原文的风格或味道来。

这里不妨先看一看收在《英译中国现代散文选》中郭沫若五篇散文译文,即《路畔的蔷薇》《夕暮》《白发》《水墨画》《墓》。拜读之后笔者觉得张先生在处理“增益”与“删略”关系、“表层语义”与“潜层语义”关系、以及声色词语对应与非对应性关系等诸多方面出手不凡,均有独到之处。

“蔷薇的花色还是鲜艳的,一朵紫红,一朵嫩红,一朵是病黄的象牙色中带点血晕。”译者把出现在《路畔的蔷薇》中这句话译为“The y (roses )were still f resh in color.One

was p ur p lish-red ,anot her p ink ,still anot her a sickl y ivor y -y ellow sli g htl y tin g ed wit h blood-red.”他首先把原

中国散文翻译的

新收获

———喜读张培基教授《英译中国现代散文选》

朱曼华

摘要:《英译中国现代散文选》是一本不是教材的好教材,它为中国学者深入研究翻译理论与技巧提供了丰

富多彩的典型实例;张培基教授半个世纪译苑耕耘的经验及其科学的一丝不苟的译风不可多得;同时该书也为外国人研究1919年“五四”运动以来中国人鲜活的思想铺了一条近路。关键词:潜层语义表层语义增益删略

Abstract :

T he S elected M odern Chi nese Prose W riti n g s t ranslated in En g lish b y Professor Zhan g Pei j i

seems not to be a text book but in fact it is a p erfect t heoretic text book on how to t ranslate f rom Chinese in 2to En g lish for it p rovides abundant t yp ical exam p les to illust rate g eneral p rinci p les and skills of t ranslation ;it is wort h makin g research on his half-cent ur y ex p erience and his caref ul consideration of t ranslatin g ;and at t he same time t he version p rovides forei g n scholars wit h a short wa y to understand t he Chinese ideolo g i 2cal develo p ment since t he Ma y 4t h Movement of 1919.K e y Words :inside meanin g

literal meanin g am p lification and omission

《中国翻译》2000年第3期

句分为两句来译,显得干净利落。原句中有三个“一朵”作为量词来用,从中文来看其相互关系是并列的;译者却按照以英语为母语的读者的思维模式将其译为“递进”关系,用了“one...anot her...still anot her...”这就使译文变得非常地道,完全摆脱了那种所谓表面上“形似”的金科玉律。更值得一提的是译者在处理原文四个有关色彩词语时显得非常得心应手。其中用a sickl y ivor y-y ellow sli g htl y tin g ed wit h blood-red不仅与原意铢两悉称,且文字典雅精当。原文的“病”指“病态”,译者用sickl y表达,比用unhealt h y更为确切。又,ivor y-y ellow和blood-red都以实物颜色词和颜色词相配合的形式出现,甚为地道。译者早在1964年出版的专著《英语声色词与翻译》中就对这种“实基合用式”在理论上进行了概括。这是以英语为母语的读者较为习惯并乐于接受的英语色彩表达法。

“昨晚上甜蜜的私语,今朝的冷清的露珠”这诗一般的语言也被译者译得很到位。

“Last ni g ht’s whis p ers of love; t his mornin g’s dro p s of cold dew...”两个英语并列词组在结构上前后完全对称,与原文形似,并有同样言外之意,可称其为内容与形式有机结合的不可多得的一例。此外,译者用了“增益”“删略”互补的手法,译出了文中所“无”,如“love”;又割舍了文中所“有”,如“甜蜜的”,在潜层语义上实现了更完美的“统一”。

《路畔的蔷薇》中“花瓶我没有”一句译成“I have no flower vase.”也是无可非议的,但没有“Flower vase I have none”感情色彩那么浓或文学性那么强。张先生的这种译法不仅做到了与原文信息“等值”,而且连语序与原文都基本一致。译者若不非常熟悉none有时可作形容词用以及“宾语+主语+to have+none”这种句式,就不可能有这种与原文维妙维肖的译法。

《夕暮》结尾一句是“‘今年的成绩真好呢,竟养大了十只。’欢快的音波,在金色的暮霭中游泳。”原文没有“施主”,但译成英文时译者为其增添了beamed m y wife等英文字样。这种“无中生有”是有充分根据的,因为文章开头有“我携着三个孩子在屋后……”等“伏笔”在先,把鸡养大的非他的妻子莫属。可见,译者在翻译的实践中决不是只在句子层面上“对译”,而始终注意把握“全局”,着意通篇的信息的转换。这就从根本上杜绝了望文生义。该句中有“游泳”等字样,一般译者无疑会同swim产生联想,而张先生却总是能跳出表层语义的局限进入潜层语义中来,力求译出原文的精神实质:The j o y ous sound wave drifted t hrou g h t he g olden evenin g mist,即使我们把该译文再回译成中文“欢快的声波在金色的暮霭中飘荡”,同原文比也毫不逊色。

“许久储蓄在心里的诗料,今晨在理发店里又浮上了心来了。———”这是郭沫若《白发》一文的首句,开门见山地点出了作者写作动机,其中关键词为“诗料”。因为通篇讲的是作者对一位“年青的,年青的远隔河山的姑娘”为其理发时“拔去了一根白发”后的感情经历,为此将其译为p o2 etic emotion显得很得体,如译成“p oetic material”便有伤大雅;全句的译文M y lon g p ent-u p p oetic emotion e2

mer g ed a g ain t his mornin g at a hairdresser’s也很简练,把“储蓄在心里的”较长的定语浓淡缩成意为“心扉封闭”或“被压抑”的p ent-u p也很经济实惠又形象逼真。把“远隔河山的”有意淡化为of t he distant land也很不俗,不然“mountains”“rivers”通通直译出来必然使句子变得很臃肿,甚至言不及义。

“你的慧心替我把青春留住了”句中的“慧心”颇不好译。中国人常有“慧眼”“慧心”之说,“慧心”原是佛教用语,指能领悟真理之心,英文中没有十分贴切的对应词,译者将其“模糊”处理译为feelin g heart,颇有见地。

《水墨画》这篇同其它几篇一样其译风同郭沫若早期小品的特色很吻合。把“海水蓝得惊人”译为“The sea was g hastl y dark blue.”,也涉及颜色词处理问题。译者巧妙地把“蓝”与“浓”合起来译为dark blue(深蓝),然后在前面冠以g hastl y 一词,灵活得体,切合原意。所用g hastl y与f ri g htf ul同义,但前者常和颜色词连用,如a g hastl y white(苍白)等。

将《墓》文中“啊,死了的我昨日的尸骸哟,哭坟的是你自己的灵魂……”译为O y e remains of m y y esterda y’s dead self,it was y our own soul t hat had come to mourn at t he g rave!…这里译者有意用了O y e等字样以造成一种古诗一般的情调,对全篇的“情绪”起到了“定格”的作用。非英语民族对y e和y ou的差别往往很难领会;这种差别可同中文“她”和“伊”类比。试想,如果把“衣带渐宽终不悔,为伊消得人憔悴”改为“……为她消得人憔悴”那“味道”就不一样了,前者显得典雅,后者则相形见绌,显得粗俗。简言之,译者用心良苦,不放弃任何一点机会传达出原文中深层次的美。

《英译中国现代散文选》篇篇都有“闪光点”这里只能仅就自己能体会到的地方蜻蜓点水似地点一点。

小处见大,翻译的真功夫往往在一些小地方流露出来。收在《英译中国现代散文选》中夏　尊一篇散文标题是《我之于书》,一般译者多半会译为I and Books。但Books and I的译法却符合英文习惯,而且读起来也上口。该文中“我的房子里比较贵重的东西就是书。”一句的译法也很有特色———用“under m y roof”来译“我的房子里”而不用“in m y house”这不能不说是对原文的再创造,恰到好处。

柯灵的《巷》是一篇很难译的描写江南小巷独具诗情画意特色的散文。“巷,是城市建筑艺术中一篇飘逸恬静的散文,一篇古雅冲淡的图画。”(The lane,in t he terms of t he art of urban architect ure,is like a p iece of p rose of g entle g racef ulness or a p aintin g of classic ele g ance and sim p lic2 it y.)这是文章第一句,其中“飘逸恬静”和“古雅冲淡”乍看不易捉摸其确切含意,是英译时的难点。译者巧妙运用一对抽象词组g entle g racef ulness和classic ele g ance and sim2 p licit y分别再现了原意,是经过仔细推敲而译出的好例子。值得注意的是:g entle g racef ulness使原文两个并列形容词“飘逸”“恬静”转变为“定语+抽象名词”的形式,内容不变,是文学翻译常用方法。译者把文章后面出现的词组“阴森和肃杀”译为g loom y sternness也是采用同一方法。

“不高不矮的围墙挡在两边,斑斑驳驳的苔藓,墙上挂着一串串苍翠欲滴的藤萝,简直像古朴的屏风。墙里常是人

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《中国翻译》2000年第3期

家的竹园,修竹森森,天籁细细;春来时常有几枝娇艳的桃花杏花,娉娉婷婷,从墙头殷勤地摇曳红袖,向行人招手。”(On eit her side of t he lane stand enclosin g walls of medium hei g ht,which,moss-covered and hun g wit h clusters of f resh g reen wisteria,look almost like screens of p rimitive sim p licit y.Inside t he walls are resident s g ardens wit h dense g roves of tall bamboos as well as soft sounds of na2 t ure.In s p rin g,beautif ul p each and a p ricot blossoms ato p t he walls,like g racef ul g irls wavin g t heir red sleeves,will swa y hos p itabl y to beckon p edest rians.)在这几句田园诗般的散文里一连用了五次“重叠”的修辞手段———“斑斑驳驳”“串串”“森森”“细细”“娉娉婷婷”,译起来颇不容易。英文里,固然也有如“lon g lon g a g o”、“ver y ver y g lad”等单词重叠的用法,但决不如中文字词重叠现象那么普遍,在中译英时往往只好“割爱”,另辟蹊径。译者的这段译文没有拘泥于“叠字”形式上的对译,而是着眼于大局,有意把“叠字”韵味分散或转移到相关的词语中去,追求译文总体效果,用了“淡化”或“简化”的处理方法,十分得体。

译者把鲁迅《螃蟹》中螃蟹“觉得全身太硬了”不译为Findin g his whole bod y stiff而译为Findin g himself stiff all over;把螃蟹“身子还软”不译为wit h his bod y still be2 in g soft而是译为wit h his new shell still bein g soft———处处表现了一位翻译家深思熟虑、反复推敲、技高一筹的严谨治学态度。

《英译中国现代散文选》中廖承志《致蒋经国信》一文原为新华社电讯稿,现经张先生重译,在内容和文字准确性方面均有大幅度提高。例如,“世交深情,于公于私,理当进言”原译文为Considerin g bot h t he p ublic interest s and our close f riendshi p which has lasted for g enerations,I re2 g ard it as m y dut y to offer some advice which I ho p e y ou will consider caref ull y.”重译为“In view of t he p ublic and p ersonal concerns as well as t he lon g-standin g dee p f riendshi p between our two families,I feel dut y-bound to offer y ou a word of advice for caref ul consideration.———原译文中没有译出“于公于私”中的“于私”的内容;原文中所谓“世交”并非“祖祖辈辈”(for g enerations)实则只是始于双方的父辈。重译后译文不仅修正了其中的错误而且全句显得严谨。在好多情况下,原文从字面上看,似乎也无可非议;但一到张先生那里就很难“通过”。如“夜长梦多”原译为A lon g ni g ht is f rau g ht wit h dream;但张先生却认为这“夜长梦多”含有“节外生枝”之意,其中的“梦”实为“恶梦”,因此,将其重译为“A lon g ni g ht invites bad dreams.”;又如,“事虽经纬万端,但综观全局,合则对国家有利,分则必伤民族元气”原译为Thou g h t he matter was as com p licated as could be,an all-round view of t he sit uation would show t hat coo p eration is beneficial to t he count r y and nation while division is det rimental to t hem,这好像在给精辟的颇有点古风的原文做注释,显得苍白无力,未能用简练的手法表达出原文后半部的排比结构和韵味,可经张先生一改原文的“气势”就出来了,请看———Com p licated as t he matter was,an overall view of t he sit uation will show t hat unit2 ed,t he count r y and t he nation benefit;divided t he y suf2 fer。又如,“双方领导,同窗挚友,彼此相知,谈之更易”原译文为It would be easier to talk t he matter over when leaders on bot h sides used to be schoolmates and close f riends who know one anot her well,若将其再回译成中文时将产生歧义。该译文似乎在说“当他们曾是同学……时谈起来更容易些”,时间空间的定位不妥,逻辑混乱,不仅没有原文的味道而且成了个费解的句子,而张译则别有洞天: Leaders f rom bot h sides will find it easier to talk t he matter over since t he y know each ot her well,havin g for2 merl y been schoolmates and close f riends.———句子明白如画,其中关联词since用得恰到好处,既表示原因又表示时间,使译文紧凑严密无懈可击。

李大钊的《艰难的国运与雄健的国民》一文为《英译中国现代散文选》开宗明义第一篇。它既是政论又是气势磅礴的文学作品。文白夹杂颇不好译。能把李大钊的这篇文章很大气地译介给国际友人无异向他们推荐一本中国近代革命史。张先生把标题译为National Crisis Vs Heroic Nation,不仅读起来朗朗上口、铿锵有力而且确切地译出了原文的精神实质。原文“艰难的国运”的提法较为含蓄,这符合于中文适应性强,富于模糊性思维的特点,而National Crisis则较为直白,但气势不凡,与Heroic Nation并行不悖、相得益彰,造成一种檄文的态势,既忠实于原文又是对原文的一种再创造。译者将“中华民族现在所逢的史路,是一段崎岖险阻的道路”句中“史路”、“道路”这两个齐脚词合二为一的译法也给人留下了很深的印象。这充分反映了译者在处理“神似”“形似”关系时如果“鱼与熊掌不可兼得”,他更重视“神似”———The Chinese nation is conf ronted now wit h a ru gg ed and dan g erous section of it s historical course;同样,他对“奇绝”“壮绝”等齐脚词的译法也很得体,把两者结合起来,统一起来,译为Nevert heless,t here is also in t his section a s p ectacle of enormous ma g nificence(“在这一段道路上,实在亦有一种奇绝壮绝的境致”)。

总之,《英译中国现代散文选》是一本不可多得的好书。长期以来译协会刊《中国翻译》有很大的读者群,一直受到外语界翻译界的好评;其中有一块“绿地”倍受青睐。它就是“翻译自学之友?汉译英练习”专栏。张培基教授多年以来为该栏目撰稿,深受青年读者的喜爱。今天张培基教授发表在《中国翻译》等刊物上的英译中国散文结集出版了,可喜可庆。

[作者简介]朱曼华,首都经贸大学教授。毕业于解放军外国语学院。现任欧美同学会留美分会副秘书长、北京国际汉字研究会常务理事。长期从事英汉或汉英比较语言学的研究。代表作《美利坚语林漫游》、

《世界语林中的一枝奇葩———第三届国际汉语教学讨论会的补白》等等。

[作者地址]100071首都经济贸易大学(花乡)

C hi n e s e Tr a n s l a t o r s J o u r n a l

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2016翻译硕士复习资料：英译中国现代散文选(11) (1)

2016翻译硕士复习资料：英译中国现代散文选（11） 朋友 巴金 这一次的旅行使我更了解一个名词的意义，这个名词就是：朋友。 七八天以前我曾对一个初次见面的朋友说：“在朋友们面前我只感到惭愧(1)。你们待我太好了，我简直没法报答你们。”这并不是谦虚的客气话，这是真的事实。说过这些话，我第二天就离开了那个朋友，并不知道以后还有没有机会再看见他。但是他给我的那一点点温暖至今还使我的心颤动(2)。 我的生命大概不会很长久罢。然而在短促的过去的回顾中却有一盏明灯，照彻了我的灵魂的黑暗，使我的生存有一点光彩。这盏灯就是就友情。我应该感谢它，因为靠了它我才能够活到现在;而且把旧家庭给我留下的阴影扫除了的也正是它。 世间有不少的人为了家庭抛弃朋友，至少也会在家庭和朋友之间划一个界限，把家庭看得比朋友重过若干倍。这似乎是很自然的事情。我也曾亲眼看见一些人结婚以后就离开朋友，离开事业。…… 朋友是暂时的，家庭是永久的。在好些人的行为里我发见了这个信条。这个信条在我实在是不可理解的。对于我，要是没有朋友，我现在会变成怎样可怜的东西，我自己也不知道(3)。 然而朋友们把我救了。他们给了我家庭所不能给的东西。他们的友爱，他们的帮助，他们的鼓励，几次把我从深渊的边沿救回来。他们对我表示了无限的慷慨(4)。 我的生活曾经是悲苦的，黑暗的。然而朋友们把多量的同情，多量的爱，多量的欢乐，多量的眼泪分了给我，这些东西都是生存所必需的。这些不要报答的慷慨的施舍，使我的生活里也有了温暖，有了幸福(5)。我默默地接受了它们。我并不曾说一句感激的话，我也没有做过一件报答的行为。但是朋友们却不把自私的形容词加到我的身上。对于我，他们太慷慨了(6)。 这一次我走了许多新地方，看见了许多新朋友。我的生活是忙碌的：忙着看，忙着听，忙着说，忙着走。但是我不曾遇到一点困难，朋友们给我准备好了一切，使我不会缺少什么。我每走到一个新地方，我就像回到我那个在上海被日本兵毁掉的旧居一样。 每一个朋友，不管他自己的生活是怎样苦，怎样简单，也要慷慨地分一些东西给我，虽然明知道我不能够报答他。有些朋友，连他们的名字我以前也不知道，他们却关心我的健康，处处打听我的“病况”，直到他们看见了我那被日光晒黑了的脸和膀子，他们才放心地微笑了，这种情形的确值得人掉泪。 有人相信我不写文章就不能够生活。两个月以前，一个同情我的上海朋友寄稿到《广州民国日报》的副刊，说了许多关于我的生活的话。他也说我一天不写文章第二天就没有饭吃(7)。这是不确实的。这次旅行就给我证明;即使我不再写一个字，朋友们也不肯让我冻馁。世间还有许多慷慨的人，他们并不把自己个人和家庭看得异常重要，超过一切。靠了他们我才能够活到现在，而且靠了他们我还要活下去。 朋友们给我的东西是太多、太多了(8)。我将怎样报答他们呢?但是我知道他

张培基英译现代散文选1

张培基英译现代散文选1 1. Phrasal Expression & Words …amid(st) thun derous applause a bare subsistence A be characteristic of B = B be characterized by A A bend in a river / mountain A blind alley A brass drum 小铜鼓 A bygone age a clot of blood A cobbled path A con fused mass of … A faint scent of A forgone conclusion 预料中的必然结局A hired hand on contract A jumble of … 一大堆 A keen sense of A long-timer of Beijing A loose community of smaller family A man of profound learning A mere drop in the ocean A niche in the temple of fame A passing glance A philosophical approach to life a positive outcome A scene of poetic charm A sensation of blissfulness A speck of mud A stone's throw A trace / shade / tint/ sprinkle of … aptly 恰如其分地Art troupe 文工团At a stretch/sitting At one'scommand at the present moment Avaricious desires 贪念 Bark up the wrong tree 攻击错了目标 bashful Bask in the sunshine Be ablaze/aglow with light be advanced in years be an encumbrance to … Be beset/troubled with/by Be blurred by … Be bogged down = be trapped Be bound up with …密切关联be central/indispensable to sb. Be cooped up = be caged be deeply grieved to learn of … be distinguished by Be en grossed in … Be exquisite and nicely arranged be forever cherished / treasured Be hale and hearty Be havened from be humanly impossible Be imprinted/carved/engraved/ingrained on/upon … be in a fix Be instrumental in 交织着 be irrelevant / foreign to Be keenly aware of be keyed up 紧张Be led by the nose be of southern breed Be off and on be on an equal footing with … Be on the lips of … Be on the minds of.. be out to do … be overgrown with wild woods be packed with … Be plagued = annoyed = upset Be possessed Be possessed of be reconciled to … be reduced to be saddled with be sent to gallows Be short of/devoid of Be shrouded in = be covered in = be enveloped in Be sloppy in thinking Be strewn/covered/festooned with … Be stumped by = baffled Be tantamount to ??= equal Be tinted / colored by … Be troubled / seized with … Be tucked away in … Be weaned 断奶 Be weighed down/ troubled with be wet with perspiration/ … Be wide of / far from the mark 离谱 Be wild with excitement / joy Be worthy of … 无愧于 Beam = a big smile on face Bear a thi n coati ng of … begin by degrees 逐渐开始 Beguile = while / idle / fritter away Bibliomania bicker Birds of a feather flock together Blackout: (战时)灯火管制 Blurt 脱口而出bookish / pedantic / impractical view Border sth on the west boudoir 闺房 Bountiful free gifts Bow down to Brazenly claim / credit 厚颜无耻邀功 Break into uncontrolled sobs Brilliant talent burst with vitality Bury the hatchet Button up clothes By dint of 凭借Capon Carcass: slaughtered animal for food Cavernous mouth Chant ancient Chinese books 诵读古籍 chicken-and-egg 因果难断的 Chit chat Click away the seconds Come dimly into sight Come out exceedingly well Come to pass 出现，发生 Come up against Come upon a windfall Come/be of age A Treasury of Best Chinese Prose 古文观Be interwoven with 止 A vast tract of land A virtuous man / a man of supreme virtue / moral integrity A widening expanse of water abandon … to fate Ache/agonize with pain Adjoining room admire sb for sth affected 做作aim high amiable by nature Amuse on eself by =-do …for fun Amusing episode an enlightened king An odd-jobber An opportune moment 合适时机Ancestral home Approach senility 1

翻硕复习资料英译中国现代散文

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张培基英译散文选3

张培基英译现代散文选3 The Commercial Press and I Unable to see the manuscripts well, I have to rely on someone to read out for me.只能听别人念 With a comment scribbled in red ink about my mistake Enter…on the recommendation of sb. 经…介绍 Co-compile with sb.与…合编 I acted on his behalf as editor of the magazine Fiction Monthly. 代他编…（小说月报）With sb. as my collaborator跟…合作 Do proofreading看校样 It was the post-Great Revolution days when the stirring times found expression in literature.时代的激荡会在文学领域反应出来。 He had up to then written no fiction.他过去不写小说。 Start its publication of the magazine…创办…杂志 Sports requisites体育器械 …boast a galaxy of talent…是知识分子聚集的地方。A galaxy of talent人才济济 Became concurrently director of the People’s Education Publishing House兼任社长 …are still living and enjoy good health健在 It is said that people in the publishing trade live longer.有人说做出版工作的人就是长寿。《什么事不可能》Nothing Is Impossible to a Willing Mind 中国古代神话classical Chinese mythology 《封神传》Canonization of the Gods Make aviation experiments 不过这还是极少数“痴子”的信心，一般人还是嗤之以鼻。 Yet the handful of“dreamers”of those days were subjected to jeers and laughters. 学徒出身的发明家an apprentice-turned-inventor Without the above-mentioned early trailblazers, there would be no human flight to speak of today. 对于飞机大饶兴趣(sb. be) enamored of the flying machine. …不是一蹴而成的。Orville’s 1903 plane was something he accomplished after going through numerous setbacks. Made their first glider(滑翔机)patterned after a paper kite(纸鸢) 所以能向前努力者，无论成败，都有贡献。Therefore, succeed or fail, one is considered to have made a contribution so long as he has tried his utmost. In the face of obstacles面对困难 You need to take much time, do a lot of planning, go through countless procedures and carry out many improvements. And you’ll never make it unless you show the utmost patience. 《说开卷有益》On “Reading Is Always Beneficial” 现在多了一点智识，反过来又觉得古人的不欺我了。Now I know better than to do that. （明事理而不至于…） 可是坏书读了，而知道它的坏的原因与地方，岂不也是一得？After reading a bad book, we know all the whys and wherefores of its being bad.Isn’t that something of benefit to us too? 《当教师的快乐》Joys of the Teaching Career

张培基散文翻译 张培基散文翻译108篇

张培基散文翻译张培基散文翻译108篇 转] 张培基散文翻译语言点精要 xx-6-1614:19阅读转载自甲壳虫 · · · · · · 赞赞赞赞评论转载分享复制地址编辑上一篇| 下一篇：此文胜过你上三年、、、 1、It is sometimes beset with …有时候会有…的境遇/会有…相伴 2、 Nothing short of a … can help …唯有…才能/全靠…才能够 3、 Rolling on non-stop for thousands upon thousands of miles、一泻千里 4、 Fare likewise、正如这样 5、 Now … , now …有时…，有时… 6、 Better able to generate in oneself a sensation of …更能让人产生一种…之 感

7、… is now confronted with a … section of its course、…现在正遭遇进程上的 一段… 8、… , however, can only be shared by …而…，只有…样的人才可体会到 9、 The present … crisis can never obstacle the advance of …目前的…危机绝 不会阻碍…的进步 10、 Let us pace up our spirits and march through ...让我们鼓起雄健的精神 (1) 1、The greatest joy of …, is to … during its most difficult days、在最艰难的日 子里…，亦是最大的乐趣 12、 Grow restless 变得焦躁不安 Beg to differ 恕不同意/持反对意见 13、 Dash here and there in search of …跑来跑去的寻找 14、 He is going to … so that he could …他决定…以便… 15、… is not groundless because ……并非空害怕/没依据，因为… 16、 Keep moving around in a hurry 慌慌张张地走/跑

张培基英译现代散文选1

张培基英译现代散文选1 1. Phrasal Expression & Words … amid(st) thunderous applause a bare subsistence A be characteristic of B = B be characterized by A A bend in a river / mountain A blind alley A brass drum 小铜鼓 A bygone age a clot of blood A cobbled path A confused mass of … A faint scent of A forgone conclusion 预料中的必然结局 A hired hand on contract A jumble of … 一大堆 A keen sense of A long-timer of Beijing A loose community of smaller family A man of profound learning A mere drop in the ocean A niche in the temple of fame A passing glance A philosophical approach to life a positive outcome A scene of poetic charm A sensation of blissfulness A speck of mud A ston e’s throw A trace / shade / tint/ sprinkle of … A Treasury of Best Chinese Prose 古文观止 A vast tract of land A virtuous man / a man of supreme virtue / moral integrity A widening expanse of water abandon … to fate Ache/agonize with pain Adjoining room admire sb for sth affected 做作 aim high amiable by nature Amuse one self by… = do … for fun Amusing episode an enlightened king An odd-jobber An opportune moment 合适时机 Ancestral home Approach senility aptly 恰如其分地 Art troupe 文工团 At a stretch/sitting At one ’s command at the present moment Avaricious desires 贪念 Bark up the wrong tree 攻击错了目标 bashful Bask in the sunshine Be ablaze/aglow with light be advanced in years be an encumbrance to … Be beset/troubled with/by Be blurred by … Be bogged down = be trapped Be bound up with …密切关联 be central/indispensable to sb. Be cooped up = be caged be deeply grieved to learn of … be distinguished by Be engrossed in … Be exquisite and nicely arranged be forever cherished / treasured Be hale and hearty Be havened from be humanly impossible Be imprinted/carved/engraved/ingrained on/upon … be in a fix Be instrumental in Be interwoven with 交织着 be irrelevant / foreign to Be keenly aware of be keyed up 紧张 Be led by the nose be of southern breed Be off and on be on an equal footing with … Be on the lips of … Be on the minds of.. be out to do … be overgrown with wild woods be packed with … Be plagued = annoyed = upset Be possessed Be possessed of be reconciled to … be reduced to be saddled with be sent to gallows Be short of/devoid of Be shrouded in = be covered in = be enveloped in Be sloppy in thinking Be strewn/covered/festooned with … Be stumped by = baffled Be tantamount to …= equal Be tinted / colored by … Be troubled / seized with … Be tucked away in … Be weaned 断奶 Be weighed down/ troubled with be wet with perspiration/… Be wide of / far from the mark 离谱 Be wild with excitement / joy Be worthy of … 无愧于 Beam = a big smile on face Bear a thin coating of … begin by degrees 逐渐开始 Beguile = while / idle / fritter away Bibliomania bicker Birds of a feather flock together Blackout: (战时)灯火管制 Blurt 脱口而出 bookish / pedantic / impractical view Border sth on the west boudoir 闺房 Bountiful free gifts Bow down to Brazenly claim / credit 厚颜无耻邀功 Break into uncontrolled sobs Brilliant talent burst with vitality Bury the hatchet Button up clothes By dint of 凭借 Capon Carcass: slaughtered animal for food Cavernous mouth Chant ancient Chinese books 诵读古籍 chicken-and-egg 因果难断的 Chit chat Click away the seconds Come dimly into sight Come out exceedingly well Come to pass 出现，发生 Come up against Come upon a windfall Come/be of age Confirmed = habitual Confirmed = habitual Congenial disposition 天性 convulsive sob cool one ’s heel Cordially

2016翻译硕士复习资料：英译中国现代散文选(2)

2016翻译硕士复习资料：英译中国现代散文选（2） 螃蟹 老螃蟹觉得不安了，觉得全身太硬了(1)，自己知道要蜕壳(2)了。 他跑来跑去的寻。他想寻一个窟穴，躲了身子，将石子堵了穴口，隐隐的蜕壳。他知道外面蜕壳(3)是危险的。身子还软(4)，要被别的螃蟹吃去的。这并非空害怕，他实在亲眼见过。 他慌慌张张的走。 旁边的螃蟹(5)问他说：“老兄，你何以这般慌?” 他说：“我要蜕壳了。” “就在这里蜕不是很好么?我还要帮你呢。” “那可太怕人了。” “你不怕窟穴里的别的东西，却怕我们同种么?” “我不是怕同种。” “那是怕什么呢?” “就怕你要吃掉我(6)。” The Crab An old crab grew restless. Finding himself stiff all over, he knew it was time for him to moult his shell. He dashed here and there in search of a cave to hide. He was going to block up the mouth of cave so that he could moult in secret. He knew it would be very dangerous to shed his shell in the open because, with his new shell still being soft, he might be eaten up by other crabs. This fear was not groundless for he himself had really seen it happen to other moulting crabs. The old crab kept moving about in a hurry. A nearby crab asked, “Hey, brother, what’s the rush?” “I am going to moult,” answered the old crab. “Wouldn’t it be all right to moult right here? I could help you out with it.” “How horrible that would be!” “You mean while you’ll not scared of other things in the cave you’re scared of your own kind?” “No, I’m not scared of my own kind.” “Then what are you scared of?” “Nothing but being eaten up by you.” 注释: 《螃蟹》是近年发现的鲁迅佚文。文章发表于1919年8月间，时值五四运动方兴未艾，作者通过寓言故事，提醒人们新生事物往往有被旧事物消灭于萌芽状态的危险。 (1)“觉得全身太硬了”译为Finding himself stiff al over，其中all over 意即“全身”或“浑身”，作状语短语用。如逐字译为finding his whole body stiff并无不可，但语言稍欠地道。

张培基散文翻译语言点精要

张培基散文翻译语言点精要 1. It is sometimes beset with…有时候会有…的境遇/会有…相伴 2. Nothing short of a…can help…唯有...才能/全靠…才能够 3. rolling on non-stop for thousands upon thousands of miles一泻千里 4. Fare likewise.正如这样 5. Now…, now….有时…，有时… 6. Better able to generate in oneself a sensation of…更能让人产生一种…之感 7.…is now confronted with a…section of its course……现在正遭遇进程上的一段… 8.…, however, can only be shared by…而…,只有…样的人才可体会到 9.Thepresent…criscanneverobstacletheadvanceof…目前的…危机绝不会阻碍…的进步。 1 0." Let us brace up our spirit and march through…让我们鼓起雄健的精神… 1 1." The greatest joy of…, is to…during its most difficult days.在最艰难的日子里…，亦是最大的乐趣。 1 2." Grow restless变得焦躁不安Beg to differ恕不同意/持反对意见 1 3." Dash here and there in search o f…跑来跑去的寻找 1

张培基英译现代散文选1

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