《经典英语美文阅读 论阅读和书籍》英文翻译

《经典英语美文阅读论阅读和书籍》英文翻译

导读：Any important book should immediately be read twice.

每一本重要的书籍都必须被一气呵成连续读上两遍。

partly because one grasps the matter in its entirety1 only the second time, and only really understands the beginning when one knows the end; and partly because one’s temper and mood inevitably change, so that one gets a different impression the second time, and sees the matter in another light.

原因之一在于一个人在阅读第二遍时，会更好地理解书中内容的整体关联，而只有知道了书的结尾才会明白书的开头；原因之二在于一个人的心境和情绪在第二次阅读时不可避免地与第一次有所不同，这样一来，第二次阅读获得的印象也会不同，能够从另一角度看待书中内容。

Works are the quintessence of a mind, and are therefore always of far greater value than conversation, even conversation with the greatest of minds. A man’s works far surpass his conversation. Even the writings of an ordinary man may be worth reading, both instructive and entertaining, for the simple reason that they are the quintessence — that is to say, the result and fruit of his whole thought and study; while

his conversation is no more than the fruit of his whims.

著作是一个人的思想精华，尽管一个人具有伟大的思想，但阅读这个人的著作总会比与这个人交谈获得更多，因此，一个人的著作中所具有的价值的确远远超过这个人的`谈话。甚至一个普通人所写出的文字也会有一定的启发意义，能够给人以消遣并值得一读，因为这些文字也是这个普通人的思想精华——也就是说，是他所有思考和研究的结果，而他的谈话内容也许只是一时的突发奇想。

Accordingly, it is possible to read books written by people whose conversation would give us no satisfaction; and it follows that the mind can by degrees attain high culture only by finding entertainment almost entirely in books rather than men.

因此，与某些人的谈话无法给予我们乐趣，但这些人写出的作品却不妨一读。所以，高度的思想修养逐渐使我们完全只从书本，而不是从某个人那里寻找消遣和娱乐。

【《经典英语美文阅读-论阅读和书籍》英文翻译】

1.《我和书》(节选)阅读答案

2.古籍《论语》阅读4则

3.关于阅读书籍的作文

4.阅读书籍的作文

5.《秋思张籍》阅读答案

6.张籍《秋思》阅读答案

7.阅读经典英语美文带翻译

8.论城市文化阅读答案

上文是关于《经典英语美文阅读论阅读和书籍》英文翻译，感谢您的阅读，希望对您有帮助，谢谢

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situations, surface access is difficult and poses a severe safety issue. Two recent spills in Alberta used “high technology” ice augers to detect the presence of oil under the ice. Some potential new techniques are discussed and the basic principles of their operation described. Keywords: arctic, oil spill response, oil in ice, detection 1. Introduction The detection of oil under continuous ice cover has presented one of the most difficult challenges to the oil-spill technological community for the past two decades and there is still no operationally proven system available. Dickins (2000) under the sponsorship of the US Minerals Management Service conducted an excellent review of the status of oil-under-ice detection and this paper complements this review with a more detailed analysis of some systems. Dickins identified many false start concepts, which will not be discussed in this paper. In order to determine the design of a suitable oil-under-ice detector, the various situations under which oil may be found under a continuous ice sheet need to be considered. The oil must come from a sub-surface release since any surface release would either be on the ice surface or in a lead or other opening in the ice. Potential sources of sub-surface oil are a leak in a pipeline, the leakage from a submerged tank or vessel or a natural seep. Oil when trapped under ice does not spread rapidly or cover a large area due to natural

统计学中英文对照外文翻译文献

中英文对照翻译 (文档含英文原文和中文翻译) Policies for Development of Iron and Steel Industry The iron and steel industry is an important basic industry of the national economy, a supporting industry for realizing the industrialization and an intensive industry in technologies, capital, resources and energy, and its development requires a comprehensive balancing of all kinds of external conditions. China is a big developing country with a comparatively big demand of iron and steel in the economic development for a long time to go. China's production capacity of iron and steel has ranked the first place in the world for many years. However, there is a large gap in terms of the technological level and material consumption of the iron and steel industry compared with the international advanced level, so the focus of development for the future shall be put on technical upgrading and structural adjustment. In order to enhance the whole technical level of the iron and steel industry, promote the structural adjustment, improve the industrial layout, develop a recycling economy, lower the consumption of materials and energy, pay attention to the environmental protection, raise the comprehensive competitive capacity of enterprises, realize the industrial upgrading, and develop the iron and steel industry into an industry with

聚类分析文献英文翻译

电气信息工程学院 外文翻译 英文名称：Data mining-clustering 译文名称：数据挖掘—聚类分析 专业：自动化 姓名：**** 班级学号：**** 指导教师：****** 译文出处：Data mining：Ian H.Witten, Eibe Frank 著 二○一○年四月二十六日

Clustering 5.1 INTRODUCTION Clustering is similar to classification in that data are grouped. However, unlike classification, the groups are not predefined. Instead, the grouping is accomplished by finding similarities between data according to characteristics found in the actual data. The groups are called clusters. Some authors view clustering as a special type of classification. In this text, however, we follow a more conventional view in that the two are different. Many definitions for clusters have been proposed: ●Set of like elements. Elements from different clusters are not alike. ●The distance between points in a cluster is less than the distance between a point in the cluster and any point outside it. A term similar to clustering is database segmentation, where like tuple (record) in a database are grouped together. This is done to partition or segment the database into components that then give the user a more general view of the data. In this case text, we do not differentiate between segmentation and clustering. A simple example of clustering is found in Example 5.1. This example illustrates the fact that that determining how to do the clustering is not straightforward. As illustrated in Figure 5.1, a given set of data may be clustered on different attributes. Here a group of homes in a geographic area is shown. The first floor type of clustering is based on the location of the home. Homes that are geographically close to each other are clustered together. In the second clustering, homes are grouped based on the size of the house. Clustering has been used in many application domains, including biology, medicine, anthropology, marketing, and economics. Clustering applications include plant and animal classification, disease classification, image processing, pattern recognition, and document retrieval. One of the first domains in which clustering was used was biological taxonomy. Recent uses include examining Web log data to detect usage patterns. When clustering is applied to a real-world database, many interesting problems occur: ●Outlier handling is difficult. Here the elements do not naturally fall into any cluster. They can be viewed as solitary clusters. However, if a clustering algorithm attempts to find larger clusters, these outliers will be forced to be placed in some cluster. This process may result in the creation

基于因子分析和聚类分析的客户偏好探究

基于因子分析和聚类分析的客户偏好探究 一文献综述 二十世纪五十年代中期，美国学者温德尔史密斯提出了顾客细分理论。该理论指出，顾客由于其文化观念、收入、消费习俗等方面的不同可以分为不同的消费群体。企业在经营中应该针对不同的顾客提供针对性的服务，这样才能够利用有限资源进行有效的市场竞争。对顾客的细分从方法上讲有根据人口特征和购买历史的细分和根据顾客对企业的价值即基于顾客的消费金额、消费频率的细分。本文的细分是基于购买历史和人口特征的聚类分析。饭店作为一个古老的服务行业，在现阶段的高度竞争市场下的发展趋势最重要的方面便是服务趋于个性化，所以针对饭店的消费群体特征的聚类可以对饭店进行定位，在此基础上通过分析目标客户群体对消费质量评价的最主要影响因素可以达到其服务个性化的目标。波特把顾客的价值定义为买方感知性与购买成本的一种权衡。对顾客的个性化服务增加了买方的感知度从而加大了他们愿意为此付出的成本，于是饭店便可以增加营业额。 聚类分析是把研究对象视作多维空间中的许多点, 并合理地分成若干类，即一种根据变量域之间的相似性而逐步归群成类的方法，它能客观地反映这些变量或区域之间的内在组合关系。1故聚类算法是对顾客进行分析的一个有效方式。在聚类分析的众多算法中因子分析是研究如何以最少的信息丢失, 将众多原始变量浓缩成少数几个因子变量, 以及如何使因子变量具有较强的可解释性的一种多元统计分析方法。2而典型的k-means算法以平方误差准则较好地实现了空间聚类,对于大数据集的处理效率较高。3在对顾客细分相关文献的研究过程中，主要运用的方法有神经网络,分层聚类,因子分析等方法。比如，在关于网络青少年用户的分类中，作者用层次聚类的方法，通过对青少年年龄,性别,民族,网络可得性,父母的观点等变量等变量定义不同的上网动机，在此基础上对其进行了分类。而在研究人寿保险持有者未来购买基金支持寿险可能性的文章中，通过灰度聚类和神经网络利用消费者的基本信息,财产地位信息,风险承受程度将消费者分为了忠实客户和非忠实客户。在对客户忠诚度的聚类中，作者用RFM的商业模型用DBI确定了Kmeans的最优K值，并最终用kmeans对客户忠诚度进行了聚类。 经过综合分析，我们选择了这两种方法处理顾客数据和饭店的基本资料。即，通过 k-means对客户进行聚类后通过因子分析分析不同类别客户的评价影响因素。 为分析每类客户倾向的饭店特征，本文根据客户聚类结果对饭店数据进行筛选。由于饭店部分属性之间具有相关性，本文采用因子分析法挖掘其“根本属性”，之后对饭店数据进 1李蓉, 李宇. 基与主成分分析与聚类分析方法的我国西部区域划分问题的研究. 科技广场, 2李新蕊.主成分分析、因子分析、聚类分析的比较与应用. 山东教育学院学报. 3杨善林.kmeans 算法中的k 值优化问题研究系统工程理论与实践

英文文献翻译

中等分辨率制备分离的 快速色谱技术 W. Clark Still,* Michael K a h n , and Abhijit Mitra Departm(7nt o/ Chemistry, Columbia Uniuersity,1Veu York, Neu; York 10027 ReceiLied January 26, 1978 我们希望找到一种简单的吸附色谱技术用于有机化合物的常规净化。这种技术是适于传统的有机物大规模制备分离，该技术需使用长柱色谱法。尽管这种技术得到的效果非常好，但是其需要消耗大量的时间，并且由于频带拖尾经常出现低复原率。当分离的样本剂量大于1或者2g时，这些问题显得更加突出。近年来，几种制备系统已经进行了改进，能将分离时间减少到1-3h，并允许各成分的分辨率ΔR f≥（使用薄层色谱分析进行分析）。在这些方法中，在我们的实验室中，媒介压力色谱法1和短柱色谱法2是最成功的。最近，我们发现一种可以将分离速度大幅度提升的技术，可用于反应产物的常规提纯，我们将这种技术称为急骤色谱法。虽然这种技术的分辨率只是中等（ΔR f≥），而且构建这个系统花费非常低，并且能在10-15min内分离重量在的样本。4 急骤色谱法是以空气压力驱动的混合介质压力以及短柱色谱法为基础，专门针对快速分离，介质压力以及短柱色谱已经进行了优化。优化实验是在一组标准条件5下进行的，优化实验使用苯甲醇作为样本，放在一个20mm*5in.的硅胶柱60内，使用Tracor 970紫外检测器监测圆柱的输出。分辨率通过持续时间（r）和峰宽（w,w/2）的比率进行测定的（Figure 1），结果如图2-4所示，图2-4分别放映分辨率随着硅胶颗粒大小、洗脱液流速和样本大小的变化。