上外 综合教程3 第二版 unit 13 电子教案

Unit 13 Our Schedules, Our Selves

Section One Pre-reading Activities (1)

I. Audiovisual Supplement (1)

II. Cultural Background (2)

Section Two Global Reading (2)

I. Text Analysis (2)

II. Structural Analysis (3)

Section Three Detailed Reading (4)

I. Text 1 (4)

II. Questions (6)

III. Words and Expressions (7)

IV. Sentences (9)

Section Four Consolidation Activities (10)

Ⅰ. Vocabulary (10)

Ⅱ. Grammar (12)

Ⅲ. Translation (13)

Ⅳ. Exercises for Integrated Skills (15)

Ⅴ. Oral Activities (16)

Ⅵ. Writing (17)

Section Five Further Enhancement (19)

I. Lead-in Questions (19)

II. Text 2 (19)

III. Memorable Quotes (24)

Section One Pre-reading Activities

I. Audiovisual Supplement

Watch the video clip and answer the following questions.

Script:

Amanda: Ok, so we are done.

Assistant A: All right.

Amanda: You know let’s just take off for a few weeks.

Assistant A: Yeah.

Amanda: What do you mean by “yeah”? I’m not kidding.

Assistant B: You always that this is our busiest time.

Amanda: I need to get out of the town. You know, I think I need some peace and quiet. Whatever these people go away for. You know what I really want to do. I want to eat carbs so I wouldn’t need to kill myself. You know, I want to read a book, not just a magazine, an actual book. For years I read these reviews I buy the books but I never read them. Did you read that article in New York Times last Sunday? Severe stress makes women age prematurely because stress causes DNA in our cells to shrink so that they can no longer replicate. So when we are stressed we looked haggard. This is just women not men. Assistant A: I’m sorry.

Amanda: Remember when I used to say that single women over the age of 35 will more likely to be killed by a terrorist than to get married. OK, that was horrible. But now our generation is also not getting married and bonus, real terrorists actually become part of our lives. So the stress of it at all actually shows up on our faces making us look haggard.

1. What’s Amanda’s plan after the project is finished?

To have a holiday for several weeks.

2. Why does she have such an idea?

Because she wants to get rid of the stress which makes women look haggard.

II. Cultural Background

Walden Pond

Walden Pond is a lake located in Concord, Massachusetts, in the United States.

The writer, transcendentalist, and philosopher Henry David Thoreau lived on the shores of the pond for two years starting in the summer of 1845. His account of the experience was recorded in Walden; or, Life in the Woods, and made the spot famous. （注意斜体的部分保持斜体）

“I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived. I did not wish to live what was not life, living is so dear; nor did I wish to practice resignation, unless it was quite necessary. I wanted to live deep and suck out all the marrow of life.” ( from Henry David Thoreau, Walden, “Where I Lived, and What I Lived For”) （注意斜体部分保持斜体）

Now the Walden Pond has the cultural embodiment of leaving the busy city life and immersion into the nature so as to pursue one’s own self.

Section Two Global Reading

I. Text Analysis

All the efforts we make in our social life may lead to the ultimate purpose of seeking happiness. Yet in modern world people are so drifted by their busy schedules that we may one day find out that we have been far away from our original target. This text is written from those who might get lost during our long journey of struggle. We learn from the text that the problem of overscheduling has three main causes, which are economic cause, technological cause and, the most important, psychological cause. All these causes, when working together, make us the slaves of our own schedules and lose our fun in doing things. Besides this macroscopic change in our value judgment, it is also necessary to seek help from outside efforts such as expanding vacation time and shortening the work week. Another, which is more important and more difficult to achieve, is to adopt a new perspective of time. Only through this can we be back to our original journey to pursue happiness.

II. Structural Analysis

1)In terms of organization, the article clearly falls into four main parts:

The first part (Paragraphs 1-3) introduces the fact that most Americans have become the slaves of their schedules.

The second part (Paragraphs 4-6) lists the three major causes of overscheduling, namely, economic cause, technological cause and psychological causes.

The third part (Paragraphs 7-10)tells us the bad effect of overscheduling: it deprives us of the fun of life and it also reveals the author’s opinion on this problem —“We are bigger than our schedules”. This part also brings us to his suggested solution to this problem in the last part of the essay.

The fourth part (Paragraphs 11-14) suggests the political solution which consists of mainly the outside efforts as well as our own psychological adjustment.

2)The transitional paragraphs of this text is Paragraph 9 and 10 where the author not only

reveals his opinion on this problem —“We are bigger than our schedules”—but also brings us to his suggested solution to this problem, which is presented in the last part of the essay.

III.Rhetorical Features

1) Extensive employment of short sentences, ellipsis and even one-word sentences:

e.g. “DAMN!” ,“That would do it.”, “Whew!”, “Yes!”, “No!” (Paragraph 1)

2)Syntactical features: in a single sentence, a succession of verbs are used

e.g. “You’ll skip yoga class, blow off the neighborhood meeting, ignore the piles of laundry and just relax.” (paragraph 1)

3)Semantic features: to bring into prominence the idea that one is constantly driven by endless apparently urgent trifles in life

e.g.“ Determined and sternly focused, we march through each day obeying the orders of our

calendars.” (Paragraph 2)

“… virtual slaves to their schedules” (Paragraph 3)

“onerous obligations” (Paragraph 3)

“… but merely following a dizzying timetable of duties” (Paragraph 3)

“feel the pinch” (Paragraph 4)

“… they fuel the trend that every minute must be accounted for.” (Paragraph 5)

“You can’t happily savor an experience because your mind races toward the next one on the calendar.” (Paragraph 7)

“fell hemmed in by our schedules” (Paragraph 11)

Section Three Detailed Reading

I. Text 1

Our Schedules, Our Selves

Jay Walljasper

1 DAMN! You’re 20 minutes —no, more like half an hour —late for your breakfast meeting, which you were hoping to scoot out of early to make an 8:30 seminar across town. And, somewhere in there, there’s that conference call. Now, at the last minute, you have to be at a 9:40 meeting. No way you can miss it. Let’s see, the afternoon is totally booked, but you can probably push back your 10:15 appointment and work through lunch. That would do it. Whew! The day has barely begun and already you are counting the hours until evening, when you can finally go home and happily, gloriously, triumphantly, do nothing. You’ll skip yoga class, blow off the neig hborhood meeting, ignore the piles of laundry and just relax. Yes! … No! Tonight’s the night of the concert. You promised Nathan and Mara weeks ago that you would go. DAMN!

2 Welcome to daily grind circa 200

3 —a grueling 24-7 competition against the clock that leaves even the winners wondering what happened to their lives. Determined and sternly focused, we march through each day obeying the orders of our calendars. The idle moment, the reflective pause, serendipity of any sort have no place in our plans. Stopping to talk to someone or slowing down to appreciate a sunny afternoon will only make you late for your next round of activities. From the minute we rise in the morning, most of us have our day charted out. The only surprise is if we actually get everything done that we had planned before collapsing into bed at night.

3 On the job, in school, at home, increasing numbers of North Americans are virtual slaves to their schedules. Some of what fills our days are onerous obligations, some are wonderful opportunities, and most fall in between, but taken together they add up to too much. Too much to do, too many places to be, too many things happening too fast, all mapped out for us in precise quarter-hour allotments on our palm pilots or day planners. We are not leading our lives, but merely following a dizzying timetable of duties, commitments, demands, and options. How did this happen? Where’s the luxurious leisure that decades of technological progress was supposed to bestow upon us?

4 The acceleration of the globalized economy, and the accompanying decline of people having any kind of a say over wages and working conditions, is a chief culprit. Folks at the bottom of the socio-economic ladder feel the pain most sharply. Holding down two or three jobs, struggling to pay the bills, working weekends, no vacation time, little social safety net, they often feel out of control about everything happening to them. But even successful professionals, people who seem fully in charge of their destinies, feel the pinch. Doctors, for example, working impossibly crowded schedules under the command of HMOs, feel overwhelmed. Many of them

are now seeking union representation, traditionally the recourse of low-pay workers.

5 The onslaught of new technology, which promised to set us free, has instead ratcheted up the rhythms of everyday life. Cell phones, e-mail, and laptop computers instill expectations of instantaneous action. While such direct communication can loosen our schedules in certain instances (it’s easier to shift around an engagement on short notice), overall they fuel the trend that every minute must be accounted for. It’s almost impossible to put duties behind you now, when the boss or committee chair can call you at a rap show or sushi restaurant, and documents can be e-mailed to you on vacation in Banff or Thailand. If you are never out of the loop, then are you ever not working?

6 Our own human desire for more choices and new experiences also plays a role. Just like hungry diners gatheri ng around a bountiful smorgasbord, it’s hard not to pile too many activities on our plates. An expanding choice of cultural offerings over recent decades and the liberating sense that each of us can fully play a number of different social roles (worker, citizen, lover, parent, artist, etc.) has opened up enriching and exciting opportunities. Spanish lessons? Yes. Join a volleyball team? Why not. Cello and gymnastics classes for the kids? Absolutely. Tickets to a blues festival, food and wine expo, and polit ical fundraiser? Sure. And we can’t forget to make time for school events, therapy sessions, protest rallies, religious services, and dinner with friends.

7 Yes, these can all add to our lives. But with only 24 hours allotted to us each day, something is lost too. You don’t just run into a friend anymore and decide to get coffee. You can’t happily savor an experience because your mind races toward the next one on the calendar. In a busy life, nothing happens if you don’t plan it, often weeks in advance. Our “free” hours become just as programmed as the work day. What begins as an idea for fun frequently turns into an obligation obstacle course. Visit that new barbecue restaurant. Done! Go to tango lessons. Done! Fly to Montreal for a long weekend. Done!

8 We’ve booked ourselves so full of prescheduled activities there’s no time left for those magic, spontaneous moments that make us feel most alive. We seldom stop to think of all the experiences we are eliminating from our lives when we load up our appointment book. Reserving tickets for a basketball game months away could mean you miss out on the first balmy evening of spring. Five p.m. skating lessons for your children fit so conveniently into your schedule that you never realize it’s the time all t he other kids in the neighborhood gather on the sidewalk to play.

9 A few years back, radical Brazilian educator Paulo Freire was attending a conference of Midwestern political activists and heard over and over about how overwhelmed people felt about the duties they face each day. Finally, he stood up and, in slow, heavily accented English, declared, “We are bigger than our schedules.” The audience roared with applause.

10 Yes, we are bigger than our schedules. So how do we make sure our lives are not overpowered by an endless roster of responsibilities? Especially in an age where demanding jobs, two-worker households or single-parent families make the joyous details of everyday life -- cooking supper from scratch or organizing a block party —seem like an impossible dream?

There is no set of easy answers, despite what the marketers of new convenience products would have us believe. But that doesn’t mean we can’t make real steps to take back our lives.

11 Part of the answer is political. So long as Americans work longer hours than any other people on Earth we are going to feel hemmed in by our schedules. Expanded vacation time for everyone, including part-time and minimum wage workers, is one obvious and overdue solution. Shortening the work week, something the labor movement and progressive politicians successfully accomplished in the early decades of the 20th century, is another logical objective. There’s nothing preordained about 40-hours on the job; Italy, France, and other European nations have already cut back working hours. An opportunity for employees outside academia to take a sabbatical every decade or so is another idea whose time has come. And how about more vacation and paid holidays? Let’s start with Martin Luther King’s birthday, Susan B. Anthony’s birthday, and your own! Any effort to give people more clout in their workplaces —from strengthened unions to employee ownership —could help us gain much-needed flexibility in our jobs, and our lives.

12 On another front, how you think about time can make a big difference in how you feel about your life, as other articles in this cover section illustrate. Note how some of your most memorable moments occurred when something in your schedule fell through. The canceled lunch that allows you to spend an hour strolling around town. Friday night plans scrapped for a bowl of popcorn in front of the fireplace. Don’t be shy about shucking your schedule whenever you can get away with it. And with some experimentation, you may find that you can get away with it a lot more than you imagined.

13 Setting aside some time on your calendar for life to just unfold in its own surprising way can also nurture your soul. Carve out some nonscheduled hours (or days) once in a while and treat them as a firm commitment. And resist the temptation to turn every impulse or opportunity into another appointment. It’s neither impolite nor inefficient to simply say, “let me get back to you on that tomorrow” or “let’s check in that morning to see if it’s still a good time.” You cannot know how crammed that day may turn out to be, or how uninspired you might feel about another engagement, or how much you’ll want to be rollerblading or playing chess or doing something else at that precise time.

14 In our industrialized, fast-paced society, we too often view time as just another mechanical instrument to be programmed. But time possesses its own evershifting shape and rhythms, and defies our best efforts to corral it within the tidy lines of our palm pilots or datebooks. Stephan Rechtschaffen, author of Time Shifting, suggests you think back on a scary auto collision (or near miss), or spectacular night of lovemaking. Time seemed almost to stand still. You can remember everything in vivid detail. Compare that to an overcrammed week that you recall now only as a rapid-fire blur. Keeping in mind that our days expand and contract according to their own patterns is perhaps the best way to help keep time on your side.

II. Questions

1.What is the author's categorization of all the things in North Americans' schedules? What is

the use of such a categorization? (Paragraph 3)

Some of them are obligations that people have to do, some are wonderful opportunities, and most fall in between. Such a categorization may help people to have a more general and macroscopical view of their life and makes the readers ready to accept the following parts of the article which is a deep reflection of the purpose of life.

2) What is the economic reason for North Americans' tight schedules? (Paragraph 4)

The acceleration of the globalized economy, and the accompanying decline of people having any kind of a say over wages and working conditions. Even successful professionals cannot control their schedules.

3) In what way does new technology make people’s schedules tighter? (Paragraph 5)

New technology is supposed to set people free, yet by offering direct ways of communication, it has in fact accelerated the rhythms of everyday life.

4) What is the psychological reason for the quickened pace of life of North Americans? (Paragraph 6)

People cannot resist their desire for more choices and new experiences. They want to use the saved time for something they haven't tried before.

5) What do people lose from overscheduling? (Paragraphs 8)

People may lose from overscheduling the fun in doing things and the magic, spontaneous moments that make people feel alive.

6) What does the author think is more important than the political solution? (Paragraphs 13) People should make their own psychological adjustment and set aside some of their time on calendar for life.

Class Activity （放在课文的末尾）

Group discussion: Do you make specific daily schedules and follow them? Think about the advantages and disadvantages of a life with schedules. Are people in China facing the same problem with the Americans as the author mentions in the essay?

Dialogue making: A is occupied with his daily schedules and leaves very little time for himself. B, as his friend, is trying to persuade A to take a vacation in the suburb with all its advantag es. We’ll see how effective B’s persuasion will be.

III. Words and Expressions

Paragraphs 1-3

scoot v.

run or move very quickly or hastily

e.g. Scoot, or you will be late.

Collocations:

scoot off

e.g. She scooted off on her bike.

scoot over

e.g. He scooted over so I could sit down.

blow off v.

permit to be released; here, cancel an appointment or anything one does not wish to do

e.g. Bob and I did make plans to go out last night. But he blew me of

f.

Practice: （先出现中文，下面设置按钮，点击以后出现英文翻译）

凯莉刚放了我鸽子——她说她再也不想见我了。

Kelly just blew me off —she said she didn't want to see me any more.

Paragraphs 4-6

recourse n.

sth. or sb. turned to for assistance or security

e.g. I couldn’t tell which direction to take without recourse to a map. Synonym:

resort

ratchet up v.

cause sth. to rise as a step in what is perceived as a steady and irreversible process e.g. The Bank of Japan ratcheted up interest rates again.

account for v.

give reason for

e.g. Can you account for all these absences?

Practice: （先出现中文，下面设置按钮，点击以后出现英文翻译）

他被要求解释他的行为。

He has been asked to account for his conduct.

Paragraphs 7-10

overpower v.

overcome by superior force

e.g. Police overpowered the criminal and took him away.

Derivation:

overpowering (a.)

e.g. He finds the smell overpowering

Synonyms:

conquer, crush, defeat, master, overwhelm

Paragraphs 11-14

hem in

engulf or surround

e.g. The soldiers were hemmed in on all sides.

Practice: （先出现中文，下面设置按钮，点击以后出现英文翻译）

敌军把我们包围了。

e.g. The enemy troops were hemming us in.

preordain v.

determine beforehand

e.g. You might think the company's success is preordained.

Derivation:

preordained(a.)

e.g. Is everything we do preordained?

scrap v.

abolish or cancel (a plan, policy, etc.)

e.g. A bold decision was taken to scrap the existing law.

Practice: （先出现中文，下面设置按钮，点击以后出现英文翻译）

我们不得不放弃我们的计划。

We had to scrap our plans.

shuck v.

abandon, get rid of

e.g. the regime's ability to shuck off its totalitarian characteristics

Collocation:

shuck off

e.g. She shucked off her jacket and ran upstairs.

corral v.

keep sb. or sth. in a particular area, esp. in order to take control or possession of them

e.g. The slaves were corralled into a small room.

IV. Sentences

1) You’re 20 minutes —no, more like half an hour —late for your breakfast meeting, which you were hoping to scoot out of early to make an 8:30 seminar across town.(Paragraph 1)

Explanation:

A breakfast meeting is typically a business occasion where people discuss business or political issues while they are having breakfast. The author means that, despite the importance of the occasion, one may want to finish it as soon as possible so that he can meet the next appointment.

2) And, somewhere in there, there’s that conference call. (Paragraph 1)

Explanation:

A conference call is a telephone call in which the calling party wishes to have more than one called party listening in to the audio portion of the call. The author mentions several versions of meetings which are designed for saving time (breakfast meeting and conference call), intending to convey that even with such time-saving means of having meetings, people still feel overscheduled. The irony here is obvious.

3) Shortening the work week, something the labor movement and progressive politicians successfully accomplished in the early decades of the 20th century, is another logical objective. (Paragraph 11)

Explanation:

The term “the labor movement” is a broad term for the development of a collective organization of working people, to campaign in their own interest for better treatment from their employers and

political governments, in particular through the implementation of specific laws governing labour relations.

Section Four Consolidation Activities

Ⅰ. Vocabulary

1. Word Derivation

1) schedule n. → scheduled a.

e.g. 我们已经提前完成了工作。

We’ve already finished the work anterior to the schedule.

不论下不下雨，比赛照常举行。

Rain or shine, the game will be held as scheduled.

2) defy v. → defiance n. → defiant a.

e.g. 他们违抗父母的意愿而结婚了。

They defied their parents and got married.

他们公然向政府挑战。

They declared open defiance to the government.

他所说的话显示出他真是目中无人。

What he said showed he was really defiant.

3) spontaneous a.→spontaneity n.

e.g. 他自愿提供帮助。

He made a spontaneous offer of help.

她的表演不够自然。

There is a lack of spontaneity in her performance.

4) vacation n. → vacate v. → vacationer n.

e.g.我们希望能在七月底去度假。

We're hoping to take a vacation at the end of July.

客人被要求在中午12点以前退房。

Guests were asked to vacate their rooms before 12:00.

在海边度假的人

a seaside vacationer

5) equal a. → equality n. → equalize v.

e.g. 他说阿拉伯语和英语都一样自如。

He speaks Arabic and English with equal ease.

女性在工作上尚未和男性完全平等。

Women have yet to achieve full equality with men in the workplace.

稍作些调节就会使两间房内的温度相等。

A small adjustment will equalize the temperature in the two rooms.

6) rhythm n.→ rhythmic a.

e.g.说英语时，重音和节奏是很重要的。

Stress and rhythm are important in speaking English.

心脏有节奏的跳动

the rhythmic beating of one’s heart

7) minimum n. → minimal a. → minimize v.

e.g.我们已最大限度地削减了开支。

We have pared down our expenses to a bare minimum.

我们住在朋友家，所以我们的花费很小。

We stayed with friends, so our expenses were minimal.

我们已采取措施尽量减少损失。

We’ve taken steps to minimize the losses.

8) serendipity n.→ serendipitous a.

e.g. 用他的话说是“一直都很走运”。

“It was serendipity all the way,” he says.

阅读应是一种探险，一种充满意外惊喜的个人经历。

Reading should be an adventure, a personal experience full of serendipitous surprises.

2. Phrase Practice

1) The young couple ________ their van with everything they might need for the trip and drove off. loaded up

load up: if a ship, aircraft, etc. loads, goods are put onto it

e.g. 我们把砖装进了卡车里。

We have loaded a lorry up with bricks.

2) To make things worse, their plans ________ at the last minute. fell through

fall through: if an agreement, plan, sale, etc. falls through, it is not completed successfully

e.g. 工作室打算制作一部电影，但最后没成。

The studio planned to make a movie of the book but the deal fell through.

3)If you thought you could _________ cheating me, you would be very much mistaken.

get away with

get away with:steal sth. and escape with it; receive (a relatively light punishment); not be punished for sth.

e.g. 考试作弊必予追究。

If you cheat in the exam you’ll never get away with it.

4) We have just ________ a tremendous opportunity. What a shame! missed out on

miss out on:lose an opportunity to benefit from sth. or enjoy oneself

e.g.提前准备下食物，以免没有时间玩。

Prepare food in advance to ensure you don’t miss out on the fun!

5) The Central Bank ________ interest rates again. ratcheted up

ratchet up:increase sth. by a small amount, especially after a series of increases, or to increase in this way

e.g.提高最低工资会在总体上增加实际收入。

Raising the minimum wage would ratchet up real incomes in general.

6) Business has been good during the past year. We ________ a branch in Frankfurt. opened up open up:if a shop, office, etc. opens up or is opened up, someone starts it; if opportunities open up, or a new situation opens them up, they become available or possible

e.g. 显微镜的出现为研究领域打开了全新的世界。

With a microscope, a whole new world of investigation opens up.

3. Synonym / Antonym

1. Welcome to daily grind circa 2003 —a grueling24-7 competition against the clock that leaves even the winners wondering what happened to their lives.

●Synonyms:exhausting, wearying, fatiguing

2. Where’s the luxurious leisure that decades of technological progress was supposed to bestow upon us?

●Antonyms: simple, plain, spartan

3. The acceleration of the globalized economy, and the accompanying decline of people having any kind of a say over wages and working conditions, is a chief culprit.

●Antonyms: deceleration, slowdown

4. Cell phones, e-mail, and laptop computers instill expectations of instantaneous action.

●Synonyms: induce, generate

5. Just like hungry diners gathering around a bountiful smorgasbord, it’s hard not to pile too many activities on our plates.

●Antonym:meager

6. Reserving tickets for a basketball game months away could mean you miss out on the first balmy evening of spring.

●Synonyms:soothing, pleasant

7. Shortening the work week, something the labor movement and progressive politicians successfully accomplished in the early decades of the 20th century, is another logical objective.

●Antonyms: reactionary, conservative

8. Keeping in mind that our days expand and contract according to their own patterns is perhaps the best way to help keep time on your side.

●Synonyms:shrink, dwindle, diminish

Ⅱ. Grammar

1)Coordination （注意下面加粗的部分在ppt中要保持加粗）

A way of joining clauses, or clause elements with coordinators such as and,or and but

e.g. Jane is a good teacher, and her students really like her.

Correlatives: either … or …, both … and …, neither … nor … (The first word is an endorsing item and the second is a coordinator)

e.g. Either Sylvia or her sister will stay with us.

Practice （点击填答案的横线以后出现正确答案）

Complete the following sentences using the proper coordinator.

1.Switch the radio ____ I will miss the news.

or

2.Continue spending like this ______ you’ll be bankrupt in a year.

and

3.________ Mr. Smith ________ Mr. Jackson is going to attend the conference.

Either, or

4. _____ Mary _____ John washed the dishes.

Both, and

5. She believes the report, _________ I do too.

and

2) Reflexive Pronouns

A reflexive pronoun is a special kind of pronoun that is usually used when the object of a sentence is the same as the subject.

?I-myself

?you (singular)-yourself

?you (plural)-yourselves

?he-himself

?she-herself

?it-itself

?we-ourselves

?they-themselves

e.g. She kept on muttering to hersel

f.

Practice （注意题目要求中斜体的部分在ppt中要保持斜体）

（点击填答案的横线以后出现正确答案）

Fill in the blanks with a proper form of -self / -selves if possible.

1. Do I make ____clear?

myself

2. You have only ___ to blame.

yourself

3. He got out of the swimming pool and dried ________.

himself

4. He got up, washed _______, shaved _______ and dressed ________.

/ / / (We don’t use –self / -selves after concentrate, feel, relax, meet, wash, shave, dress.)

（在该题下面增加按钮，点击以后出现括号中的文字，斜体的部分要保持斜体）

5. If someone attacks you, you need to be able to defend _______.

yourself

Ⅲ. Translation

1.如果协商不成，他最后的一招是诉诸法律。(recourse)

Explanation:

Resource is something that you do to achieve something or deal with a situation, or the act of doing it.

Translation:

If negotiations should fail, his last recourse was to resort to the law.

Practice:

你只有靠诉讼了。

You can only recourse to law.

他们不寻求外援也能应付过去。

They managed without recourse to outside help.

2.在火车车厢这么促局的地方，我有种被禁闭束缚的感觉。(hem in )

Explanation:

If sb. or sth .is hemmed in, there are things surrounding sb. or sth. closely.

Translation:

In such a confined space of a train compartment, I feel hemmed in.

Practice:

市场被商店和银行紧紧包围。

The market place is hemmed in by shops and banks.

他感到受清规戒律的束缚。

He felt hemmed in by conventions.

3.这个雄心勃勃的年轻人希望在这个充满机会的大城市里为自己开创一番事业。(carve out) Explanation:

To carve out is to succeed in getting the job, position, life, etc. that you want.

Translation: The ambitious young man wishes to carve out a career for himself in this city full of opportunities.

Practice:

她在电影界功成名就。

She carved out a very successful career in the film industry.

他移居旧金山为新的人生而打拼。

He moved to San Francisco to carve out a new life for himself.

4.学生们正在为期末考试临时抱佛脚。(cram)

Explanation:

If sb. (esp. a student) is cramming, he / she is to prepare for an examination by learning a lot of information quickly.

Translation:

The students are cramming for their final examinations.

Practice:

她整个礼拜的突击式学习都很卖力。

She's been cramming hard all week.

我得为明天的化学考试抱抱佛脚。

I have to cram for my chemistry test tomorrow.

5. 随着故事的展开，几个主要人物之间的关系变得越来越复杂。(unfold)

Explanation:

If a story unfolds, or if sb. unfolds it, it is told; if a series of events unfold, they happen; if you unfold sth. that was folded, or if it unfolds, it opens out.

Translation:

As the story unfolds, the relationships between the main characters become more and more complicated.

Practice:

随着影片的放映，故事情节展开了。

The story unfolds as the film goes on.

她渐渐向他透露了自己的计划。

She gradually unfolded her plan to him.

Ⅳ. Exercises for Integrated Skills

1. 1. Dictation

How is it that hard work and greater efficiency / do not necessarily result in a sense of achievement? / Social scientists drew a crucial distinction / between two words often used as synonyms: / “efficient”and “effective”. / “E fficient” emphasizes the means of production, / the degree of economy with which it is carried out, / while “effective” focuses on the result or purpose /for which the activity is carried out.

It is noted that/ by using a minimum amount of energy and time, / we can be very efficient / in performing a certain task. / Yet our work is actually effective / only when it contributes to our goals. / True effectiveness is not a matter of doing things right / but of doing the right things, / and we shouldn’t let the apparent success of being more efficient / mask the mistake of performing an activity / that is not important.

2. Fill in each blank in the passage below with ONE word you think appropriate.

The heart of effective time management is in weekly time organization; (1) ________, you also need a semester-long calendar to lay (2) ________ all of your major obligations. Remember, if you don’t have clearly (3) ________ goals, scheduling will be (4) _________ for you for two reasons. (5) ________, you won’t have any guidelines to use for prioritizing your activities; and second, you will have trouble motivating (6) _________ to complete the tasks in your schedule (7) _________ are not immediately gratifying.

Two general approaches (8) _________ weekly scheduling can work well. The first is fairly simple and (9) _________ a daily list of things you want to accomplish that day. In order to use this method you need to know what your activities and obligations (10) ________ for several weeks. This kind of approach (11) ________ most to people who don’t like too much structure and (12) _________ want to be locked into an hour-by-hour schedule.

Keys:

1. however

2. out

3. defined

4. difficult / hard

5. First

6. yourself

7. which / that 8. to 9. involves 10. are 11. appeals 12. don’t

（注意下面文字中斜体的部分在ppt中要保持斜体）

1. A conjunction is needed to indicate the shifting of meaning.

2.Grammatically speaking, the blank should be filled a preposition to form a verbal phrase with

“lay”. As from the context we can see that the meaning of phrase should be “to arrange”.

3.Grammatically speaking, an adjective is needed here, between an adverb and a noun. Usually

goals should be clear, so “clear” is the quality that is set. The adjective filled in the blank is expected to have the same meaning with “set”.

4.The first clause saying that “if you don’t have a clear goal”, so this clause stating the result

may have the meaning that it is not an easy task for scheduling.

5.The previous sentence saying that for two reasons, so the next sentence must talk about what

these two reasons are. As in the latter part of this sentence we see second is used, it is natural to come up with the other one.

6.The blank needed to be filled is the object of motivate. From the context we can see that there

is nobody but the author himself / herself should be motivated, therefore, a reflexive pronoun is expected here.

7._________ are not immediately gratifying is an attributive clause, so the blank should be

filled with a relative pronoun.

8.Grammatically speaking, a preposition is needed here for the collocation of approach as a

noun.

9.The sentence is talking about what the content of the first approach is, therefore, a verb

meaning “include” is expected here.

10.What-clause lacks a verb to lead the predicative.

11.A verb is needed which has the collocation with to meaning “attracts” or “very suitable for”.

12._________ want to and don’t like are parallel structure in the attributive clause here.

Ⅴ. Oral Activities

1.Giving a Talk

Topic: Current Situation of Life in China

Structure for reference:

1)Compared with the essay of the unit, the overscheduling problem is also harassing

Chinese people.

2)Personal life experience and some other people’s life have also reflected the same

problem.

3)The accelerating living pace along with the globalization and the overall anxiety in the

society altogether account for the current situation.

2.Having a Discussion

Topic: Our Daily Routine

Procedure:

1.Tell each other your daily routine.

2.Make self comments on your life.

Ⅵ. Writing

1.Essay Writing

Essay Writing: How to Write a Definition Essay

（注意下面文字中加粗的部分在ppt中要保持加粗）

A definition essay is an essay that concentrates on the explanation of the meaning of a certain term. The term may be analyzed in the sense in which it is normally defined as in a dictionary, or from the subjective point of view of the person who is trying to define it.

● A good definition essay is required to have a strong thesis statement in which the point of

view the writer holds on a certain term is revealed.

●Dictionary definitions must be only a start for the writer’s unique definition of the term.

●In order to make a definition essay effective, it is then necessary to find a definition of the

term that corresponds to the opinion of the writer.

Definition Essay Structure

Introduction

?Giving basic information on the term to be defined

?Proposing the writer’s more specific definition, or the thesis

Body

?Giving clear examples to support the writer’s opinion, or the proposed definition

?Providing, if possible, contrasting ideas about the definition

Conclusion

?Restating the proposed definition

?Restating the key points that support the definition

Sample

Have a Heart

1 What does the word "heart" mean? Strictly speaking, a heart is an organ of the physical body which pumps blood into the organism. The term "heart," however, extends to more than the physical body.

2 When lovers part, one will often claim to have a broken heart yet still remains alive. A saddened gent or lady will often clutch the area between the ribs at the center of the chest, and moan in sorrow over a lost lover. Physical or not, the heart in this case is also something that pumps life into the emotional body.

3 “Don’t lose heart,” says a friend to another who has been discouraged by one of life's many trials. Now how can anyone lose his heart? I ask. Easily, by getting discouraged. Again, the heart becomes a symbol for pumping life into a system, but not a physical one.

4 When one gets to the heart of the matter, she gets to its center —that which gives it meaning. When people beg, "Have a heart," they are asking you to be compassionate —to recognize the soul in another. Having a heart-to-heart talk means to share something from the center of our being with someone else. Speaking from the heart always implies communicating from what is real and essential in our lives.

5 Perhaps the most common definition of the word “heart,”therefore, should recognize that “heart” is something essential to every human being, whether it is physical or not.

Sample Analysis

In this essay, the writer tries to define the word “heart” in his own way. In the introduction, the writer raises the question and provides the general definition: an organ of the physical body which pumps blood into the organism. After that, his personal definition, or the focus of the essay, is revealed: it is more than a physical organ. In the first sense, the meaning of “heart” is something that pumps life into the emotional body, or to put it concisely, “love”. Secondly, “heart” means courage, or power of life. And last but not least, it means compassion or soul. All this is beyond the physical part of the body, and more important for a man. It is notable, also, that the ideas are summed up at the end of each body paragraph. So in the conclusion, “heart”is defined as “something essential to every human being”, and it is not necessarily physical, which echoes the introduction.

2.Practice

Write a definition essay on the given topic: The Definition of Love.

Sample:

The Definition of Love

A wise man once said that love is a wonderful thing. Although this statement leaves sparse room for argument, it does little to define what love is beyond the vague realm of wonderful. It is my duty as a devout romantic to embark upon the seemingly difficult task of defining love by looking at the history, explaining what love is not, and examining the uses of love and the results of that usage.

The origin of the word is probably the most logical place to start. As with many words in the English language, love is a derivative of the Latin word “causemajoraproblemus” which means “You’re miserable when you got it and miserable when you don’t.”The word was created to

explain the biological phenomenon that existed when certain individuals came into contact with each other and either remained together or went about their lives separately. Regardless of the outcome, the relationship was usuallycharacteristic of throat lumps, knotted stomaches, weak knees, temporary loss of language, sweaty palms, dizzyness, sneezing, and occasional nausea. Belligerent insanity also resulted. History clearly illustrates this. Can we ever forget the face that launched a thousand ships? Federally expressingVan Gogh’s ear? The construction of Le Tour Eiffel? All of these were results of love and love lost.

Star-crossed lovers have stated that love is not hand nor foot nor any part belonging to a man. Matrimonial ceremonies also claim that love is not jealous or boastful. Let it be stated here that love also is not a gourmet dish, a domesticated animal, or a latest trend. Love is not a strategic defense mechanism nor the best kept secret at the Pentagon. Love is not another seasoning to bottle and stick on the dust-lined shelves of the spice rack. Love is not to be confused with adhesive tape.

Instead, love is a great counterpart to late, evening thunder storms on hot July nights. Love goes well with cold pizza on picnic blankets. Love is cold, wet sand between bare toes. Love is a capitalistic sell-all for novels, Top-40 pop songs, summer movies, and greeting cards.

In its simplest terms, love is a four-letter word. Much like other words of similar letter make up, when expressed it can evoke laughter, pleasure, pain, anger, and virtually any wave of reaction. Love also can be confused with feelings of indigestion and gas. Houses have been built, burned, and banished because of love.

Section Five Further Enhancement

I. Lead-in Questions

Where is happiness from? Tell some happy moments you still remember now and give the reasons.

II. Text 2

The Unhappy American Way

Bertrand Russell

1 It used to be said that English people take their pleasures sadly. No doubt this would still be true if they had any pleasures to take, but the price of alcohol and tobacco in my country has provided sufficient external causes for melancholy. I have sometimes thought that the habit of taking pleasures sadly has crossed the Atlantic, and I have wondered what it is that makes so many English-speaking people somber in their outlook in spite of good health and a good income.

2 In the course of my travels in America I have been impressed by a kind of fundamental malaise which seems to me extremely common and which poses difficult problems for the social reformer. Most social reformers have held the opinion that, if poverty were abolished and there were no more economic insecurity, the millennium would have arrived. But when I look at the faces of people in opulent cars, whether in your country or in mine, I do not see that look of radiant happiness which the aforesaid social reformers had led me to expect. In nine cases out of

ten, I see instead a look of boredom and discontent and an almost frantic longing for something that might tickle the jaded palate.

3 But it is not only the very rich who suffer in this way. Professional men very frequently feel hopelessly thwarted. There is something that they long to do or some public object that they long to work for. But if they were to indulge their wishes in these respects, they fear that they would lose their livelihood. Their wives are equally unsatisfied, for their neighbor, Mrs. So-and-So, has gone ahead more quickly, has a better car, a larger apartment and grander friends.

4 Life for almost everybody is a long competitive struggle where very few can win the race, and those who do not win are unhappy. On social occasions when it is de rigueur to seem cheerful, the necessary demeanor is stimulated by alcohol. But the gaiety does not ring true and anybody who has just one drink too many is apt to lapse into lachrymose melancholy.

5 One finds this sort of thing only among English-speaking people. A Frenchman while he is abusing the Government is as gay as a lark. So is an Italian while he is telling you how his neighbor has swindled him. Mexicans, when they are not actually starving or actually being murdered, sing and dance and enjoy sunshine and food and drink with a gusto which is very rare north of the Mexican frontier. When Andrew Jackson conquered Pensacola from the Spaniards, his wife looked out of the window and saw the population enjoying itself although it was Sunday. She pointed out the scandal to her husband, who decreed that cheerfulness must cease forthwith. And it did.

6 When I try to understand what it is that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me that there are two causes, of which one goes much deeper than the other. The one that goes least deep is the necessity of subservience in some large organization. If you are an energetic man with strong views as to the right way of doing the job with which you are concerned, you find yourself invariably under the orders of some big man at the top who is elderly, weary and cynical. Whenever you have a bright idea, the boss puts a stopper on it. The more energetic you are and the more vision you have, the more you will suffer from the impossibility of doing any of the things that you feel ought to be done. When you go home and moan to your wife, she tells you that you are a silly fellow and that if you became the proper sort of yes-man your income would soon be doubled. If you try divorce and remarriage it is very unlikely that there will be any change in this respect. And so you are condemned to gastric ulcers and premature old age.

7 It was not always so. When Dr. Johnson compiled his dictionary, he compiled it as he thought fit. When he felt like saying that oats is food for men in Scotland and horses in England, he said so. When he defined a fishing-rod as a stick with a fish at one end and a fool at the other, there was nobody to point out to him that a remark of this sort would damage the sale of his great work among fishermen. But if, in the present day, you are (let us say) a contributor to an encyclopedia, there is an editorial policy which is solemn, wise and prudent, which allows no room for jokes, no place for personal preferences and no tolerance for idiosyncrasies. Everything has to be flattened out except where the prejudices of the editor are concerned. To these you must

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全新版大学英语综合教程3(第二版)课后练习答案

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上外大学英语综合教程一答案Unit 5 How to Be True to Yourself

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英语集体备课教案《Unit1Myclassroom》

英语集体备课教案《Unit1Myclassroom》Unit 1 class room

英语集体备课教案《Unit1Myclassroom》 前言：小泰温馨提醒，英语作为在许多国际组织或者会议上都是必需语言，几乎所有学校 选择英语作为其主要或唯一的外语必修课。英语教学涉及多种专业理论知识，包括语言学、第二语言习得、词汇学、句法学、文体学、语料库理论、认知心理学等内容。本教案根据 英语课程标准的要求和针对教学对象是小学生群体的特点，将教学诸要素有序安排，确定 合适的教学方案的设想和计划、并以启迪发展学生智力为根本目的。便于学习和使用，本 文下载后内容可随意修改调整及打印。 英语集体备课教案《unit 1 my classroom》 教学目标 1．能认读并会书写大小写aa, bb, cc, dd, ee.能听懂、会说单词：beef, doctor, bed 2．能根据单词的发音，判断单词的第一个字母和所含的元 音字母。 3．进一步培养学生良好的书写习惯。 教学重点：学习书写英文字母aa, bb, cc, dd, ee的大小写，学习单词beef, doctor, bed。 教学难点：大写c和d, 小写b和d易混淆；大写b和e的笔顺 教具准备： 1．写有大小写aa, bb, cc, dd., ee的字母卡

2．写有本课单词的单词卡 3．教材相配套的教学录音带 4．自制课件（见媒体素材） 教学过程： （一）热身、复习（warm-up/revision） 1．教师播放“chant”，师生共同随着录音带边打节奏边说歌谣。（使用第二册教材unit 6,let’s chant/b） a b c d e f g, h i j k l m n , o p q, r s t, u v w, x y z! now you can say your a b c’s. it’s as easy as 1 2 3 ! 2．让学生背诵字母表 （二）呈现新课（presentation） 1．播放教学课件（字母a）

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五、教学环节与教学要求 本课程在讲授过程中采用启发式、讨论式、发现式和研究式的教学方法，同时加强基础训练。 六、课程考核 1、平时成绩（包括课堂表现、课外作业）占 20% 2、期末考试占 80% 七、教材及主要参考资料 （一）建议教材 何兆熊主编，《综合教程》学生用书（4），上海：上海外语教育出版社（选用最新版本）。（二）主要参考资料 何兆熊主编，《综合教程》教师用书（4），上海：上海外语教育出版社，（选用最新版本）。 朗文出版公司编，《朗文当代英语辞典》，北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1997。 霍恩比著，《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第四版增补本，北京：商务印书馆，2002。

全新版大学英语综合教程3(第二版)课后习题答案全部单元

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Unit 2 “Future”, is a puzzling word for all the people in this world, including the scientists and the common. What will the world be like in five hundred year’s time? A thousand years’ time? Or more? Some people are pessimistic, and fear that things can only get wore because people may be slaves of the developed science and technology. Others are optimistic, looking forward to a better world and a happy life with the development of science and technology. In this Unit, we are given two texts about “smart cars”, a kind of intelligent products that bring so much convenience to people in the future. Then let’s come to Unit2 and learn something about “smart cars” in about 7 classes. . Objectives in Unit 2: ⒈words and phrases: alert application capability convert correlate decrease(increase) drastically eliminate expansion prototype manufacturing in the air take control of get/be stuck in turn(sth.) into/become a reality appropriate implement outline permanent thereby at the start of by means of in cooperation with ⒉structure: ①double prepositions ②V. + it +adj. + to do ③“” (present or past) is used as adjective to modify noun. ⒊ learn some techniques in expository writing(definition, quote, a mixture of facts and opinions, etc.) 4. writing: how to write a resume ( need explaining in detail)--- for homework to introduce next unit. For the first period: (1st,2nd class) have a revision of Unit 1 and come to Unit 2(words and phrases) Text A Smart Cars ⅠSOME QUESTIONS for group discussion: (30 minutes) ①What will the world be like in the future? (worse or better) What aspect do you think in the world will change most? —Worse: destroyed by the people themselves, war, depend excessively on advanced science and technology to become lazy, indifferent, lack love between people and people, the Judge Day. —Better: make good use of science and technology to improve the world, a world garden, a society like Communist Society, happy life, share —Aspect: people’s life ,( way of thinking, custom) ②With the development of science and technology, what will happen to cars? What can be called “smart cars”? —In the film “007”, a “smart car ” is described. It was a transportation for Bond and the name was “the vanish”. It was a car of “adopted camouflage. Ti ny

希望英语(第二版)综合教程unit5 教案

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