减词法补充材料
翻译技巧：加词法和减词法
翻译技巧（二）：加词法和减词法 加（增）词法 英汉两种语言，由于表达方法不尽相同，有些词在英语中可以省略而不会影响全句意思的完整表达，但译成汉语后就可能出现意思不够明确的语言现象；还有些词虽然在原文中意义明确而完整，但译成汉语后文字却不甚通顺流畅。在这种情况下，就需要使用增词译法。增词法就是在翻译时按照意义、修辞或句法上的需要，在原文的基础上添加必要的单词、词组、分句或完整句，从而使得译文在语法、语言形式上符合译文习惯和在文化背景、词语联想方面与原文一致，使得译文与原文在内容、形式和精神等三方面都对等起来，更忠实通顺地表达原文的思想内容。 S y n t a c t i c a l A m p l i f i c a t i o n（从句法结构上考虑的增词） This kind of amplification includes: amplification by supplying such kinds of words as verbs, nouns, adjectives, adverbs, numerals, category words, generalization words, and the plural forms of nouns. (1) 增加量词（classifier） 英语中数词与可数名词往往可以直接连用，不用加量词。而汉语往往要加量词。 It was a nova! 这是一颗新星！ The sun rose thinly from the sea. 一轮红日从海边淡淡升起。 A stream was winding its ways through the valley into the river. 一弯溪水蜿蜒流过山谷，汇到江里去了。 (2) 增加表达复数的词(convey the concept of plurality)
英汉翻译中的增词法和减词法
英汉翻译中的增词法和减词法 英汉两种语言，由于表达方式不尽相同，翻译时既可能要将词类加以转换，又可能要在词量上加以增减。 标签：翻译；增词法；减词法 英汉两种语言，由于表达方式不尽相同，翻译时既可能要将词类加以转换，又可能要在词量上加以增减。增补法就是在翻译时按意义上和句法上的需要增加一些词来更忠实通顺地表达原文的思想内容。减词法也可以称之为省略法。省略是指原文中有些词在译文中不译出来，因为其在译文中是不言而喻的。但省略并不是把原文的某些思想内容删去。 一、增词法 （一）词汇加词，也就是说，由于词汇方面的原因而引起的加词现象 1.加动词 由于英语的词汇当中，名词居多；而汉语则不管有多少动词都可以并排使用。因此，许多英语的名词翻译成汉语时都要加上一些动词，否则，意思则很不完整，例如： The cities utilize these funds for education，police and fire departments，public works and municipal buildings.市政府将这些资金用于兴办教育事业，加强治安消防，投资公共建筑和市政工程。 2.加名词 在汉语中，及物和不及物动词的区别不是很明显；而英语对及物动词和不及物动词的区别很明显，特别是一些不及物动词必须带上后面的宾语句子意思才完整。因此，我们在翻译时往往需要增词。例如： According to scientists，it takes nature 500years to create an inch of topaoil. 根据科学家们的看法，自然界要用500年的时间才能形成一英寸厚的表面土壤。 3.加形容词 With what enthusiasm the Chinese people are building socialism. 中国人民正在以多么高的热情建设社会主义啊！
增词法和减词法 translation
Amplification & Omission增词法和减词法 翻译的标准首先是忠实于原文。那么，忠实是否就意味着我们在翻译过程中不能增加词也不能减少词呢？实际上并非如此。美国著名翻译学家奈达曾经说过“Translation is translating meaning”，在翻译过程中主要是准确表达出原文的意思，而不必拘泥于原文用词的形式。英汉两种语言不论在词汇上还是在句法上都存在着显著的差异，一味拘泥于原文的形式，有时会令人费解、语句罗嗦或偏离原文的意思。适当地增加一些词或者省略一些词，恰恰是为了达到忠实于原文或者通顺流畅表达的目的。下面分别举例介绍一下英汉翻译过程中常见的增词和减词的用法。 1．增词法 增词法并不是说译者可以随心所欲地增加任何词。一般说来，增加的词尽管没有出现在原文字面上，但实际上其意思都隐含在原文中。经常使用的增词法有以下几种情况： (1)增加表示时态和复数的词 英语具有某些综合形语言的特征，可以通过名词、动词的词形变化来表现时态和复数。而汉语则是典型的分析形语言，词形本身没有变化，要表示时态和复数需要通
过增加相应的时间副词或表示复数的词。所以一定要注意在汉语译文中添加这些词，如： 例1：His father was a fisherman. He was as poor as we are. 译文：他父亲过去是个渔夫。那时候他和我们现在一样穷。 例2：The agreement will come into force next spring. 译文：协议将于明年生效。 例3：Lion is the king of animals. 译文：狮子是百兽之王。 例4：As is known to all, air is a mixture of gases. 译文：众所周知，空气是许多种气体的混合物。 (2)增加语义表达中需要的词 增加语义表达中需要的词，是指为了使译文表达通顺流畅而根据汉语的表达习惯增加的一些词。经常增加的语义表达中需要的词有动词、名词、形容词、副词和量词。 1) 增加动词 汉语句子中动词占优势，使用的频率很高。因此英汉翻译中经常需要根据上下文的意思添加一些动词，使译文表达更加清楚、通顺，如： 例5：He dismissed the meeting without a closing speech.
增词法减词法补充,课后看
通过英译汉中的增词法减词法复习汉译英增词法减词法 I. What is Omission Omission: Amplification to leave out some unnecessary words. One of the differences in syntax between English and Chinese is the disparity in wording. What is regarded as a natural or indispensable element in one language may be regarded as superfluous or even “a stumbling block”in the other. For the sake of succinctness, functional words in English such as the article, the preposition are usually omitted in translation. The time-keeping devices of electronic watches are much more accurate than those of mechanical ones. 电子表比机械表准确得多。 He took off his coat and shoes. Then he put on his slippers，went to the sofa and began to watch TV. After a moment, he asked his wife to bring him a cup of tea. 他脱了大衣和鞋子，然后穿上拖鞋，走到沙发前，开始看电视。过了一会儿，他叫妻子给他端杯茶来。 3) A difference arose between the neighbors over the height of the fence. 邻居之间为了篱笆的高度惹起了一场争论。 邻居为篱笆的高低有过争论。（思果，《译道探微》，中国对外翻译出版公司，2002） II. Omission of pronoun 1. 在英语中，代词充当主语的情况相当多。为了使译文前后的句子意思紧凑，避免重复 用词，汉语习惯采用无主句，其主语就是前面的代词。 He was thin and haggard and he looked miserable. 他消瘦而憔悴，看上去痛苦不堪的样子（一副可怜相） He was well-favoured, bright, a good dancer, a fair shot and a fine tennis player. He was an asset at any party. He was lavish with flowers and expensive boxes of chocolate, and though he entertained little, when he did it was with an originality that pleased. 他很聪明，舞跳得不错，枪打得也可以，网球也打得挺好，深得（女孩子）喜爱。他是宴会中的宝贝儿，任意购买鲜花和高价巧克力送人。尽管他不大请客，请起来也别有一番创意，让人开心不已。 2.英语中的泛指人称代词作主语时，常常可以省略，翻译成无主句。 As you come into the room, you’ll notice a piano. 一进房间门，就会看见一台钢琴。 One can never be too careful in one’s work. 工作越仔细越好。 Fight when you can win; move away when you cannot win. 打得赢就打，打不赢就走。 We have 7 days a week and 24 hours a day. 一周有七天，一天有24小时。 1) The significance of a man is not in what he attains but rather in what he longs to attain. 人生的意义不在于已获取的，而在于渴望获得什么样的东西。
翻译技巧：加词法和减词法
翻译技巧：加词法和减词法-标准化文件发布号：（9556-EUATWK-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DDQTY-KII
翻译技巧（二）：加词法和减词法 加（增）词法 英汉两种语言，由于表达方法不尽相同，有些词在英语中可以省略而不会影响全句意思的完整表达，但译成汉语后就可能出现意思不够明确的语言现象；还有些词虽然在原文中意义明确而完整，但译成汉语后文字却不甚通顺流畅。在这种情况下，就需要使用增词译法。增词法就是在翻译时按照意义、修辞或句法上的需要，在原文的基础上添加必要的单词、词组、分句或完整句，从而使得译文在语法、语言形式上符合译文习惯和在文化背景、词语联想方面与原文一致，使得译文与原文在内容、形式和精神等三方面都对等起来，更忠实通顺地表达原文的思想内容。 S y n t a c t i c a l A m p l i f i c a t i o n（从句法结构上考虑的增词） This kind of amplification includes: amplification by supplying such kinds of words as verbs, nouns, adjectives, adverbs, numerals, category words, generalization words, and the plural forms of nouns. (1) 增加量词（classifier） 英语中数词与可数名词往往可以直接连用，不用加量词。而汉语往往要加量词。 It was a nova! 这是一颗新星！ The sun rose thinly from the sea. 一轮红日从海边淡淡升起。 A stream was winding its ways through the valley into the river. 一弯溪水蜿蜒流过山谷，汇到江里去了。 (2) 增加表达复数的词(convey the concept of plurality) 汉语中的名词没有复数概念，也没有词形上的变化，很多情况下不必表达出来；而英语中的名词有词形的变化，但没有量词，所以在翻译成汉语的时候，可根据情况增加重叠词、数词或其他一些词来表达复数的概念，以达到修辞效果。 All roads lead to Rome 条条大路通罗马 The lion is the king of animals. 狮子是百兽之王。 The mountains began to throw their long blue shadows over the valley. 群山已在山谷里开始投下蔚蓝色的长影。 I saw bubbles rising from under the water.
Unit 3 增词法和减词法
Unit 3增词法和减词法（Amplification and Omission） 课时： 2 H 教学目的要求： 在汉译英中能熟练使用增词法和减词法的翻译技巧。 教学重点： 增词法和减词法（代词和连词） 教学难点： 汉语排比句的翻译，使用减词法。 教学内容： Amplification: 一、为了保证语法结构的完整： 代词： 汉语中有许多没有主语的句子，英语则一般需要主语;另外汉语中很多名词前都没有代词，需要增补。 1．大作收到，十分高兴。 I have very glad to have received yourwriting. 2．没有调查就没有发言权。 He whomakes no investigation and study has no right to speak. 3．把这些故事看完以后，用你自己的话讲一遍。 After you have read these stories, tell themin your own words.
4．我们响应了祖国的号召。 We responded to the call of our motherland. 5．她用手蒙住脸，好象是为了保护眼睛。 She covered her face with her hands, as if to protect hereyes. 6．孩子们天天带午饭到学校去吃。 The children take their lunch to school every day. 7．我们的心永远向着祖国。 Our hearts are always towards our motherland. 连词： 汉语重意合，英语重形合，把汉语翻译成英语时，要适当增加连词。 1．虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。 Modesty helps one to go forward,whereas conceit makes one lag behind. 2．留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。 So long as green hills remain, there will never be a shortage of firewood. 3．村里的男女老少都喜欢那个小超市买东西。 Men and women,old and young in the village,all like shopping in this small supermarket. 4．我妈妈来了，我得回去了。 My mother has arrived, so I have to leave now. 5．送君千里，终有一别。 介词：
作业4-减词法(省略)
1.He set out with three neighbours to whom he pointed out the place where he had picked up the bit of string. 他和三位邻居一起出发，（……）把捡到（……）绳子的地点指给他们看。 2.He shrugged his shoulders, shook his head, cast up his eyes, but said nothing. 他耸耸（……）肩，摇摇（……）头，抬起（……）双眼，一言不发。 3.At 7:20, the astronauts received a final briefing. （……）7点20分，宇航员们收到了最后的简报。 4.Go and tell her the good news. 去（……）告诉她这个好消息。 5.The sun heats the earth, which makes it possible for plants to grow. 太阳给地球带来热量，（……）使万物得以生长。 6.There has never been a man around me who wrote so many memos. 在我周围的人当中，从没有一个像他那样写过这么多备忘录的。 7.The question is whether we can finish our work by tomorrow evening. 问题在于我们能否在明天晚上完成工作。 8.The people who worked for him lived in mortal fear of him. 他的手下对他怕得要死。 9.While we were operating the machine tools, we were very careful. 我们在操作机床的时候都非常小心。 10.We live in an era in which information, goods and capital speed around the globe, every hour of every day. 在我们生活的这个时代里，信息、商品和资金每时每刻都在世界各地流动。 11.There is a man downstairs who is waiting for you. 楼下有个人在等你。 12.I am afraid it’s not right to challenge your superior’s orders. 违抗（……）上级命令（……）恐怕（……）不妥。 13.Any rise in prices will provoke increases in production, which will in turn cause prices to level off. 任何产品价格的上涨都会刺激产量（……），进而使价格趋平。 14.Any expenses accruing from this credit inquiry will be gladly paid on receipt of your bill. 对此项信用咨询所需费用，收到账单后即行（……）支付。 15.We draw your attention to this matter because we regard it as detrimental to our relations. 我方提醒你方注意此事。（……）我方认为它不利于双方的关系。 16.There was no snow, but the leaves were gone from the tree and the grass was dead. 还没下雪，但已叶落（……）草枯。
Unit 3 增词法和减词法
Unit 3 增词法和减词法（Amplification and Omission） 课时： 2 H 教学目的要求： 在汉译英中能熟练使用增词法和减词法的翻译技巧。 教学重点： 增词法和减词法（代词和连词） 教学难点： 汉语排比句的翻译，使用减词法。 教学内容： Amplification: 一、为了保证语法结构的完整： 代词：汉语中有许多没有主语的句子，英语则一般需要主语; 另外汉语中很多名词前都没有代词，需要增补。 1．大作收到，十分高兴。 I have very glad to have received your writing. 2．没有调查就没有发言权。 He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak. 3．把这些故事看完以后，用你自己的话讲一遍。 After you have read these stories, tell them in your own words. 4．我们响应了祖国的号召。 We responded to the call of our motherland. 5．她用手蒙住脸，好象是为了保护眼睛。 She covered her face with her hands, as if to protect her eyes. 6．孩子们天天带午饭到学校去吃。 The children take their lunch to school every day. 7．我们的心永远向着祖国。 Our hearts are always towards our motherland. 连词：汉语重意合，英语重形合，把汉语翻译成英语时，要适当增加连词。1．虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。 Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. 2．留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。 So long as green hills remain, there will never be a shortage of firewood. 3．村里的男女老少都喜欢那个小超市买东西。 Men and women, old and young in the village, all like shopping in this small supermarket. 4．我妈妈来了，我得回去了。 My mother has arrived, so I have to leave now. 5．送君千里，终有一别。 Although you may escort a guest a thousand miles, yet must the parting come at last.
Amplification(增词法)
One of Translation Techniques Commonly Used ---- Amplification It’s well known to us that as far as CET-4 & 6 are concerned, translation is an important and necessary part, but many students usually do a very poor job in this part. The shared problem that always puzzles them is that even though they have a very large vocabulary and know the Chinese meaning of each English word, but they cannot translate an English sentence or paragraph accurately. The main reason is that they lack English-Chinese translation skills and techniques. Today I’d like to introduce one of the commonly-used translation techniques, that is amplification. Then, what is amplification. Before we define it, let’s look at the following example. e.g. There are three chief effects of electric currents: the magnetic, heating and chemical. 电流有三种主要效应，即磁效应，热效应和化学效应。 I. Definition of amplification By analyzing the example we mentioned above, we can draw a conclusion that amplification means supplying necessary words in translation to achieve the goal of smoothness, clearness and vividness of the version. II. Classification of amplification: According to the types of the amplified part of speech, we can divide amplification into 3 types. They are as the follows: 1.Semantic amplification 2.Cultural amplification 3.Rhetorical amplification III. The detailed study of amplifications 1.Semantic amplification (1) Adding verbs e.g. 1. In the face of difficulties, we don’t retreat, we have never and we will never. 在困难面前，我们不后退，我们不曾后退，我们永远也不会后退。 e.g. 2. In the evening, after the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions, he would work on the drafting the final communiqué. 晚上在参加宴会，出席音乐会、观看乒乓球表演之后，他还得起草最后公报。 (2) Adding adjectives e.g. The plane twisted under me, trailing flame and smoke.（敌 人的）飞机在螺旋下降，拖着浓烟和烈焰掉下来。 (3) Adding adverbs e.g. 1. Now and then the bayonets in the hands of German soldiers shone under the cold moonlight. 在寒冷的月光下德国士兵手中的刺刀时常闪闪发光。 e.g. 2. In the films of those days, all too often it was the same one: boy tractor driver meets girl tractor driver; they fall in love and drive tractors together. 在那时候的电影里，总是老一套：男拖拉机手和女拖拉机手始而相遇，继而相爱，终而一起开拖拉机了。 (4) Adding nouns A. Adding common nouns before adjectives and behind intransitive verbs e.g. 1. A new kind of jet plane –small, cheap, pilotless—is attracting increasing attention. 一种新型的喷气式飞机正越来越引起人们的注意--这种飞机体积不大，价格便宜，无人
增词法与减词法
Unit 3 增词法和减词法 Amplification and Omission ?一、为了保证语法结构的完整： ?代词：汉语中有许多没有主语的句子，英语则一般需要主语。另外汉语中很多名词前都没有代词，需要增补。 ?1．大作收到，十分高兴。I am very glad to have received your writing. ?2．没有调查就没有发言权。He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak. ?3．把这些故事看完以后，用你自己的话讲一遍。 ?After you have read these stories, tell them in your own words. 4．我们响应了祖国的号召。We responded to the call of our motherland. ?5．她用手蒙住脸，好象是为了保护眼睛。 ?She covered her face with her hands, as if to protect her eyes. ?6.孩子们天天带午饭到学校去吃。The children take their lunch to school every day. ?7．我们的心永远向着祖国。Our hearts are always towards our motherland. 连词：汉语重意合，英语重形合，把汉语翻译成英语时，要适当增加连词。 1. 虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。 Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. 2．留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。 So long as green hills remain, there will never be a shortage of firewood. 3．村里的男女老少都喜欢那个小超市买东西。 Men and women, old and young in the village, all liked shopping in that small supermarket. 4．我妈妈来了，我得回去了。My mother has arrived, so I have to leave now. 5．送君千里，终有一别。 Although you may escort a guest a thousand miles, yet must the parting come at last. 介词：英语中的介词比汉语中活跃得多。 ?1．我们应该逐步消灭城乡差别。 ?We should try to eliminate the differences between town and country. 2．你白天还是晚上飞广州？Do you fly to Guangzhou in the daytime or at night? ?3．那我们山脚见吧。Let’s meet at the foot of the hill. 冠词： 1．她不把他当阿公，而当作亲爹。She considered him not a father-in-law but a father. 2．我们对问题要作全面的分析，才能解决得妥当。 We must make a comprehensive analysis of problem before it can be properly solved. 二、为了保证译文意思更加明确。文中暗含的意思： 1．大家都知道朝鲜战场是艰苦些。 Everyone knows that life on the Korean battlefield was rather hard. 2．要提倡顾全大局。 We should advocate the spirit of taking the whole situation into consideration. 添加注释性的词语： 1．班门弄斧Show off one’s proficiency with the axe before Luban, the master carp enter. Show off one’s skills with the axe before an expert carpenter. 2．三个臭皮匠，合成一个诸葛亮。 Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind. 3. 这对年轻夫妇并不相配，一个是西施，一个是张飞。