2011年XDF写作强化20大必背范文[1]

1.Directions: 投诉信

You live in a room in college which you share with another student. You find it very difficult to work there because your roommate always has friends visiting and has parties in the room. Write a letter to the Accommodation Officer at the college to

1)ask for a new room next term,

2)prefer a single room, and

3)explain your reasons.

Dear Sir or Madam,

I am writing to express/air dissatisfaction/disappointment/concern regarding/concerning/as regards accommodation. I would prefer to move into a single room next semester, as I find the present sharing arrangement inconvenient.

I must explain that the reason for my dissatisfaction is my roommate’s inconsiderate behavior. For one thing, his friends are constantly visiting him; for another, he regularly holds noisy parties.

To solve this problem/surmount this difficulty/improve this situation/crack this hard nut, I hope to draw the attention of the authorities concerned. I am sure you will agree that the only solution for me is to move into a room of my own. Therefore, I would be grateful if you could find a single room for me, preferably not in the same building but as near to the college campus as possible.

Yours sincerely,

Li Ming

尊敬的先生或女士：

我写信是为了表达关于住宿的不满。由于我发现目前的居住状况很不方便，我想下学期搬到一个单间。

我需要解释的是，我不满的原因是我室友不体谅的行为。首先，他的朋友经常来访。其次，他经常举办一些吵闹的聚会。

为了解决这个问题，我希望引起有关当局的注意。我相信您也会同意，唯一的解决措施是搬到一个我自己的房间。因此，如果您可以给我找一个最好不在同楼，但离校园越近越好的单间，我将非常感谢。

您真诚的，

李明

2. Directions: 求学信

You want to study at a certain foreign university. Write a letter to

1)ask about the situation there as regards accommodation and fees,

2)possible scholarships, and

3)what qualifications one needs for acceptance.

Dear Sir or Madam,

I am a Chinese student who wishes to apply for admission into your prestigious university. My plan is to start my course next term, and I would be grateful if you would be kind enough to provide me with certain essential information.

First, what qualifications do I need to follow a course of study at your university?I already have a bachelor’s degree from Beijing Foreign Studies University, but I wonder if there are any further academic requirements.Second, how much are the tuition fees?Although I intend to be self-supporting, I would be interested to hear if there are any scholarships available

for international students. Third, what is the situation as regards accommodation?

I look forward to your reply, and to attending your esteemed institution.

Yours sincerely,

Li Ming

尊敬的先生或女士：

我是一名中国学生，希望向您这所著名大学申请入学。我计划下学期开始我的课程，如果您能好心提供一些基本信息，我将非常感谢。

首先，我在您的大学听课需要什么条件？我已经从北京外国语大学获得学士学位，但我想知道是否有进一步的学术要求。其次，学费是多少？尽管我打算自费，但我想了解一下是否国外学生可以获得奖学金。最后，住宿情况怎么样？

我期待着您的答复，并且希望进入您这所著名大学。

您真诚的，

李明

3.求职信

Dear Mr. Byron

I am a senior from the Department of Business Administration of Tsinghua University. I am writing the letter in purpose of applying for your recently advertised position for a staff member.

I am sure that I am qualified for it. To begin with, enclosed with my resume, which further details my previous academic qualifications and work experiences. In addition, not only do my qualifications and experiences make me an ideal candidate for it, my cheerful personality is well suited to working as a staff member. Last but not least, my hobbies include sports and music.

I would appreciate it if you could grant me an interview so that I could explain in more details in person the relevance of my educational background and working experiences.

Yours sincerely,

Li Ming

尊敬的拜伦先生：

我是清华大学工商管理系大四的学生。我写这封信是为了申请您最近招聘的职员职位。

我确信自己胜任该职位。首先，随信附上的简历进一步详述了我以前的学历和工作经历。其次，不仅我的资历和经历使我成为合适的人选，我开朗的个性也非常适合做一名职员。最后，我的爱好包括体育和音乐。

非常感谢您能给予面试机会，以便我当面更加详细说明我的教育背景与工作经历。

您真诚的，

李明

4. Directions: 备忘录/报告

You are the president of a company. Write a memo to Percy Shelley, the vice-president on the employee’s training on computer, telling him the need to train the employees, detailed information, and ask him to write a plan.

Date：January 8, 2011

To：Percy Shelley, Vice President

From：Li Ming, President

Subject：Computer Training of the Staff

As we discussed earlier this week, I agree with you that our firm is faced up with

problem of the high rate of computer illiteracy of the staff. We need to make up a plan for training our employees in the new field.

I would like you to design our own in-house computer-training program. We had better classify the employees and put them through the program in turn.

Write up a brief proposal, describing what you think the program should cover. Assume the class runs four hours a week for ten weeks. Also, assume people have no prior computer knowledge or any formal course work in computer science. (108 words)

日期：2011年1月8日

致：波西·雪莱，副总裁

自：李明，总裁

主题：员工计算机培训

正如我们本周早期讨论的那样，我同意你的看法：我们公司正在面临员工高比率电脑盲的问题。我们需要制定一个计划，在这个新的领域培训员工。

我想让你制定我们自己的内部计算机培训计划。我们最好把员工分类，让他们轮流参加这个项目。

写一个简要的计划，涵盖你认为这个项目需要包括的内容。假定培训为十周，每周四小时。同时假定员工在计算机方面没有任何预先的知识或没有参加过正式课程

5 1、

Directions: Read the following Chinese text and write an abstract of it in 80-100 English words on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)

金融危机

金融危机又称金融风暴，是指一个国家或几个国家与地区的全部或大部分金融指标（如：短期利率、货币资产、证券、房地产、土地(价格)、商业破产数和金融机构倒闭数）的急剧、短暂和超周期的恶化。

金融危机可以分为货币危机、债务危机、银行危机等类型。近年来的金融危机越来越呈现出某种混合形式的特征。

金融危机的特征是人们基于经济未来将更加悲观的预期，整个区域内货币币值出现幅度较大的贬值，经济总量与经济规模出现较大的损失，经济增长受到打击。往往伴随着企业大量倒闭，失业率提高，社会普遍的经济萧条，甚至有些时候伴随着社会动荡或国家政治层面的动荡。

金融危机的产生大多数情况是由经济泡沫引起的，而产生危机的背景非常复杂，有多方面的因素。以21世纪最大的美国金融危机为例，追根溯源，主要有以下几方面促因。

（1）美国的消费习惯。借钱（贷款）消费是普遍的生活方式。年轻人收入少，但消费多；老年人退休后享受优越的退休金，但消费相对少。所以，年轻人多借钱消费（包括向父母借钱，这与中国不同）。而且，美国发达、完善的信用体制使几乎所有人的消费靠借钱来完成。而从储蓄模式来看，美国人的储蓄率历来很低，近年来，一直在零储蓄率上徘徊。要消费，只能靠借钱。经济增长模式。美国的经济增长主要依靠消费驱动。其消费率长期为70%左右，投资率为15%左右，国际贸易方面严重入超。

（2）经济管理思想。自上世纪70年代发生经济“滞涨”以后，凯恩斯主义的“国家干预”政策遭到新古典自由主义的强烈批评，此后，新自由主义思潮受到追捧。80年代的“华盛顿共识”所倡导的“经济自由、私有化、减少管制”成为指导西方国家经济走向的主要道具。

（3）经济环境与具体政策工具。美国2000年后陷入高科技泡沫破裂后的短暂衰退之中，在美联储前主席格林斯潘的主持下，连续13次大幅度消减联邦基准利率，从最高6.5%下降到1%，强行向市场注入流动性资金，扼住了经济下滑，也拉动了美国房地产连续多年繁荣。这正是这次次贷危机乃至金融危机爆发的直接导火线。在21世纪的最初几年里，同样的低利率政策，为什么美国偏偏房地产行业得以相对发展，而不是其他行业呢？原因是：网络等高科技产业高速发展导致的泡沫破灭后，进入一个成长停滞期，抑制了大量资金对该行业的投入；20世纪六、七十年代，随着劳动力成本的不断提升，美国制造业，尤其是劳动密集型产业大量外移，形成国内产业空心化，加之服务业在繁荣之后的替代更新需要一定的时滞期，所以，这些行业投资机会较少。而且，从90年代开始，美国的房产一直处于稳定的状态。在这种情况下，流动性资金开始注入该行业。（1034字）

1）中文摘要

金融危机又称金融风暴，是指一个国家或几个国家与地区的金融指标的急剧恶化。金融危机可以分为货币危机、债务危机、银行危机、次贷危机等类型。金融危机的特征是人们基于经济未来将更加悲观的预期，整个区域内货币币值出现幅度较大的贬值。产生危机的背景非常复杂，主要有以下几方面促因。（1）美国的消费习惯。借钱消费是普遍的生活方式。（2）经济管理思想。新“自由主义”思潮受到追捧。（3）经济环境与具体政策工具。（194字）2）参考范文

Financial Crisis

Financial crisis, also known as financial tsunami, refers to the dramatic deterioration of the financial indicators of a certain country or several countries and regions in the world. It can be classified as currency crisis, debt crisis, banking crisis, sub-loan crisis, etc. The feature of the crisis is that people are pessimistic about the economic future because of monetary depreciation occurring throughout the region. The causes for the crisis are complicated with multiple reasons, mainly from three aspects, i.e., the U.S. consumption habits of borrowing, the idea of free economic management, and the economic environment and specific policy instruments. (99 words)

6 Directions: Read the following Chinese text and write an abstract of it in 80-100 English words on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)

改变市场还是适应市场

身处一个充满着不确定性因素的市场环境，企业是去改变它，还是去适应它？长期以来，这一直是企业管理者所面临的最为关键的企业发展策略选择之一。在某种程度上，这种选择就像一场赌博。这种选择不仅严酷，而且无法回避，要么去改变市场，要么去适应市场，对大多数企业而言，这两种策略选择都是排他的。如果你想静待不确定性消失而后动，则可能会白白丧失一个获得先发优势的良机。

改变市场和适应市场这两种策略在实践中表现为不同的形式。一般来讲，市场的改变者往往会通过促使整个行业的行为方式发生变化而控制不确定性。为了做到这一点，有的企业会设法使自己的技术或业务流程成为新的行业标准；另外一些企业会致力于引进创新的产品、服务以及业务系统来重新定义行业竞争的基础，在这一方面，美国西南航空公司采取低价和点到点空运模式，戴尔公司率先实施直销策略等，都是很好的例子；还有一些市场改变者通过大胆的兼并或收购来重组不稳定的行业环境，这方面的例子也不少见。

与市场改变者不同的是，市场适应者总是把现在和未来的行业市场结构和竞争行为当做是已有的外部环境。当市场稳定时，市场适应者试图在现存的行业市场结构之内谋求一个有利的位置。而当不确定性增加时，他们会根据市场的变化借助速度和灵活性来获得机会。一些市场适应者可能会通过及时地紧跟一个潜在的市场领导者的引导来获得市场先机；还有一些市场适应者会通过在产品、服务和业务系统方面进行不断的试验来逐步确定自己的策略。市场适应者采取的另一种办法是，建立一个高度灵活的组织来应对市场的变化，他们不断地招聘和培养成熟的具有管理技能的员工——不管市场如何变化，这样的员工对客户来讲都是有价值的。

企业应该采取改变市场的策略还是适应市场的策略，在很大程度上取决于环境不确定性的程度和性质。简单地讲，当不确定性较高，而企业能对其中的变数施加影响时，改变市场的策略往往奏效；当创造价值的主要因素相对稳定，而相关变数不能为企业所控制时，适应的策略才是应该优先考虑的。

这其中的道理是显而易见的。在一个高度不确定的市场，技术标准正在变化，竞争者出入不定，而消费者也还没有锁定自己喜爱的品牌。这样的市场环境为改变策略的实施提供了很大的空间，一次大型的兼并，一项果断的技术投资，一个强有力的产品捆绑策略，都很有可能会使混乱的市场格局变得井然有序，而新的市场格局对实施改变策略的企业当然是极为有利的。然而，在实践中，当面临着高度不确定性的环境时，企业的决策者总是偏向于采取适应的市场策略。之所以如此，部分原因在于决策者们习惯于依靠像波特的五种竞争力框架之类的理论工具来指导决策。对于相对稳定的市场，运用这类理论工具能够对未来的市场产生深刻的洞察力，然而，对于复杂多变的市场，这类工具却很少能为决策者准确判断未来的市场提供有力的支持。而要想成为一个成功的市场改变者，对未来有一个准确的预见是至关重要的。

应该指出的是，即使是最优秀的企业也不可能在任何情况下都采取改变市场的策略并且获得成功。一个成功的市场改变者必须具备很多品质，如；对未来发展的洞见、良好的声誉、特定领域的领导地位、一流的技术或创新的能力，以及操作上的娴熟等。并非所有的企业都具备这些品质。

企业决策者往往以为，适应市场的策略是一个容易实施的选择。这种想法是错误的。首先，这种想法使得经理人员以为，适应市场的策略并不像改变市场的策略那样需要较强的财务和心理承受力。其实并非如此。对于一个市场的适应者而言，要不断地进行产品服务等方面的试验，还要建立一个灵活的组织，这些都需要极大的财务上和心理上的承受能力；其次，这种想法会使经理人员以为，实施适应市场的策略只需消极而不是积极的管理就能成功。其实，一个市场的适应者也必须在捕捉机会、规避风险和业务调整等方面有相当的技巧，而这远远不是消极的管理所能做到的。（1561字）

1）中文摘要

身处一个充满着不确定性因素的市场环境，企业是去改变它，还是去适应它？长期以来，这一直是企业管理者所面临的最为关键的企业发展策略选择之一。改变市场和适应市场这两种策略在实践中表现为不同的形式。一般来讲，市场的改变者往往会通过促使整个行业的行为方式发生变化而控制不确定性。与市场改变者不同的是，市场适应者总是把现在和未来的行业市场结构和竞争行为当作是已有的外部环境。企业应该采取改变市场的策略还是适应市场的策略，在很大程度上取决于环境不确定性的程度和性质。企业决策者往往以为，适应市场的策略是一个容易实施的选择。这种想法是错误的。（263字）

2）参考范文

Changing the Market or Adapting to It

In face of a market environment full of uncertain factors, should an enterprise change

it, or to adapt to it? This is a question which has confronted business managers in making their development strategies for long. Actually, these two strategies represent different forms in practice. Unlike those who try to control the uncertainty by changing the behavior mode of the whole business, adaptors always regard the market structure and competitive behavior as a given external environment. Whether an enterprise should take the strategy of changing the market environment or adapting to it depends largely on the environmental uncertainty and its nature. It is wrong to believe that the adaptive strategy is an easy job. （114 words）

3.

1）中文摘要

20世纪50年代初以来，经济全球化获得迅猛发展。简单归纳，其原因主要包括以下几个方面。全球化的技术基础。科技进步为全球化快速发展提供了物质基础和技术手段。全球化的经济基础。首先，市场经济体制成为世界各国发展经济的首选。其次，力量不断壮大的跨国公司成为经济全球化的中坚力量。最后，国际经济组织是经济全球化发展的组织保障。（155字）

2）参考范文

（1）

Main Reasons of Economic Globalization

Since the early 1950s, economic globalization has been developing rapidly. Briefly speaking, its reasons mainly include the following ones. The first reason is the technical foundation of economic globalization. Advancements in science and technology have provided the material basis and the technical means for the rapid development of globalization. The second reason is the economic foundation of globalization. Firstly, the market economy has become the first choice of promoting economy for every country in the world. Secondly, multinationals which are expanding continuously have become the center of economic globalization. Lastly, international economic organizations have been the organic safeguards for the development of economic globalization. (104 words)

（2）

Fundamental Causes of Economic Globalization

Economic globalization has been progressing rapidly since the beginning of the 1950s. Several factors have contributed to such development. Firstly, advancements in science and technology have offered a technical foundation by providing the material basis and the technical means. Meanwhile, a solid economic foundation for such a globalization has been laid by the market economy which is prevailing over the world. Others factors include the pillaring and propelling role of multinationals in micro-economic operations, the ever growing coordinating and controlling power and function exercised by such international economic organizations as WTO, IMF and WB in the international trade and finance.(100 words)

8. 2010年

Volunteers Needed

January 9, 2010 To improve students’ability and enrich extracurricular activities, the Postgraduate Association i s recruiting volunteers for an international conference on globalization to be held

on April 7, 2010 in Beijing. To begin with, applicants should have Chinese nationality, a strong professional spirit, cheerful personality and be aged under 35. In addition, candidates must have outstanding skills at English listening comprehension and the ability to speak Chinese and English fluently. Finally, students with relevant professional experience are preferred. Those graduate students who are interested in taking part in it may sign up with the monitors of their classes before February 1, 2010. Everybody is welcome to join in it. (107 words)

Postgraduate Association 招募志愿者

2010年1月9日为提高同学们的能力并丰富课外活动，研究生会现招募2010年4月7日在北京举办的一次国际全球化会议的志愿者。首先，应聘者必须具有中国国籍、较强的职业精神、令人愉快的个性，年龄在35岁以下。其次，申请人需具有卓越的英文听力水平以及流利的中英文演讲能力。最后，具有相关职业经验的学生优先考虑。有兴趣参加的研究生请于2月1日之前在本班班长处报名。欢迎大家积极参加。

研究生会

9 Directions: 07.6四级

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an announcement to welcome students to join to

a club. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:

1.本社团的主要活动内容

2.参加本社团的好处

3.如何加入本社团

Welcome to English Club

January 8, 2011 Welcome to English Club! It could serve as a platform to show your outstanding abilities and help you develop a range of great skills.

You can be involved in a variety of activities including staging musical dramas, holding group discussions, watching Oscar-winning movies, and so on. These after-class activities could offer you ample opportunities. First, your active participation is helpful to strengthening the sense of responsibility and managing interpersonal relations. Second, various activities organized by us could raise your level of proficiency in English. A good command of English empowers you to enjoy decided competitive edge over your peers.

You can file a written application to our staff office or email us via

englishclub@https://www.sodocs.net/doc/0c8460803.html,. The deadline for entries is January 14. Come on, join us now! (127 words)

English Club

欢迎加入英语俱乐部

2011年1月8日

欢迎加入英语俱乐部！它能成为一个平台，展示你卓越的才能，并帮助你开发众多技能。

你可以参加各种各样的活动，包括表演音乐剧、进行小组讨论，观看奥斯卡获奖影片等等。这些课外活动能为你提供丰富的机会。首先，你的积极参与有助于培养责任感与开发人际关系。其次，我们组织的种类繁多的活动能提高你的英语熟练程度。良好的英语水平使你比其他人享有明显的竞争优势。

你可以向我们的行政办公室提交书面申请或通过englishclub@https://www.sodocs.net/doc/0c8460803.html,发送电子邮件。报名截止日期是1月14日。快来加入我们吧！

英语俱乐部

10

RESUME

Li Ming

P. O. Box 237, Beijing University

5, Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871

Tel: 62768888 Email: Liming@https://www.sodocs.net/doc/0c8460803.html,

Career Objective: A position with management potential in the banking business

specializing in international corporate financing

Educational Background:

Sept 2007 to Beijing University

July 2011 Major in International Business Management

Main courses include English, Computer, Business Management,

Accounting, International Commercial Law

Work Experience:

July 2010 to Bank of China

June 2011 Internship, Secretary to Deputy Manager of Marketing

Draft business correspondence

Schedule deputy manager’s appointments

Qualifications:University graduation certificate and bachelor degree to be conferred

upon graduation (2011)

College English Test Band 4 June 2008

Honors & Awards:Twice awarded scholarship by Beijing University 2009& 2010 Special Skills:Familiarity with Microsoft Word, Excel

Ability to work independently

Outstanding Organizational skills

Experience:President of Student Union 2009－present

Personal Data: Date of Birth: 9/17/1988

Gender: Female

Marital Status: Unmarried (148 words)

个人简历

李明

北京大学237号邮箱

北京市海淀区颐和园路5号100871

电话：62768888 电子邮箱：liming@https://www.sodocs.net/doc/0c8460803.html,

求职目标：银行业国际融资方向具有管理前景的职位

教育背景：2007年9月至2011年7月北京大学国际商务管理专业

主要课程：英语、计算机、商务管理、会计、国际商法

工作经历：2010年7月至2011年6月中国银行实习，市场部副总经理秘书

起草商务函件、安排副总日程

资历：大学毕业证及学士学位（将在2011年毕业时授予）

大学英语四级证书2008年6月

所获奖励：两次获得北京大学奖学金（2009、2010）

特长：熟练使用Microsoft words, excel

擅长独立工作

卓越的组织技能

大学经历：2009年至今校学生会主席

个人资料：1988年9月17日

性别：女

婚姻状况：未婚

1.Directions:（2001年）

Among all the worthy feelings of mankind, love is probably the noblest, but everyone has his or her own understanding of it.

There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper. Write an essay, to the newspaper to

1. show your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the picture below,

2. give a specific example, and

3. give your suggestion as to the best way to show love.

You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET II.

When we use the word“love”, we do not simply mean an attraction to a person of the opposite sex, which is a very narrow definition of the word. The picture below illustrates the real meaning of love, by stressing the fact that love is emotional strength, which can support us no matter how dark the world around us becomes. As a matter of fact, throughout history

people of many different cultures have regarded love as the most sublime of human emotions.

As an illustration of the power of love, we should remember how the Chinese people of all nationalities respond to the call to help the victims of the deadly earthquake in Qinghai Province. Although their incomes are still low by international standards, people all over the country do not hesitate to donate whatever they can——be it money or goods——to help their needy fellow citizens. Furthermore, they do this with no thought of gain for themselves.

It is my view that the best way to show love is to help people who are more unfortunate than we are. We should always be ready to give a helping hand to those who are in trouble, no matter whether they are family members or complete strangers. Only by doing so can we help to make the world a better place, for, as the picture shows, the darker the shadows of sorrow become, the more brightly the lamp of love shines. (241 words)

当我们用到“爱”这个词时，我们不仅仅指对异性的吸引，这是对这个词非常狭隘的解释。下面的图画注解了爱的真正含义，它强调了爱心是情感的力量，不论我们周围的世界多么黑暗，爱心都能支撑我们。事实上，历史上处于不同文化中的人们都把爱当作人类最高尚的情感。

举一个例子证明爱心的力量，我们应该记得中国各族人民如何响应号召去支援青海地震中的受难者。尽管他们的收入按照国际标准衡量还是处于低水平，但是全国人民毫不犹豫地尽他们所能捐献——不管是钱，还是物品——去帮助那些受难的同胞们。并且，他们这么做不考虑自己的得失。

我认为，表示爱心的最好方式是帮助比我们更加不幸的人。我们应该随时准备向有困难的人伸出援助之手，无论他们是家庭成员还是素昧平生。这样，我们能够助一臂之力把世界变成一个更美好的地方，因为，正如图画所描绘的，悲伤的阴影越黑暗，爱心之灯的光芒就越闪亮。

2．Directions:（2004年）

Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should

1. describe the drawing,

2. interpret its meaning, and

3. support your view with examples.

You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET II.

It is vividly depicted in the cartoon that a boy is running along the racetrack with painstaking efforts, sweat pouring down his face. After a long journey, he is making the final spurt toward the finishing line, with strong determination to become a champion. It seems that he could rest for a while to enjoy the ecstasy of victory. However, straight ahead lies a sign which indicates a new “starting point” and urges him to continue rushing to the next destination.

Undoubtedly, the cartoon conveys the meaning that life is like the process of running in which one should make constant efforts and never stop making progress. Owing to the quickening pace of life, competition goes increasing fierce in all walks of life, stimulating everyone to pursue one goal after another. Once a person stops making progress, he can hardly maintain his past glory and survive in this competitive world. As Deng Xiaoping, the great Chinese leader said, “Development is inarguable truth.”No matter how powerful a specific institution is, it will definitely seek new development in high speed. Generally speaking, neither a country nor a person can remain stagnant.

A case in point is the successful launching of “Shenzhou ⅦSpacecraft”which sets

China in a high position of aviation and space flight. Although it means a great achievement for us Chinese, we are facing new challenges in the forthcoming future and need to do further research in space technology. Another illustration is closely related to us, the examinees. If we pass this test and are confronted with the challenge of conquering the difficult graduate courses. We still have to strive for success in our future academic study, employment and career. On the whole, these examples effectively clarify the saying that “destination is another starting point.” (296 words)

如图生动所示，一个小男孩正在沿着跑道跑步。他付出艰苦的努力，汗水淌下脸庞。在长途跋涉之后，他正在向着终点进行最后冲刺，抱有成为冠军的坚定决心。看起来他可以休息一会，享受胜利的狂喜。然而，在正前方有标志显示一个新的“起点”，激励他继续朝着下一个目标前进。

毫无疑问，这幅漫画显示了如下含义：人生就像跑步的过程一样，人们应该不断努力，绝不停止进步。由于生活节奏的加快，各行各业的竞争变得日益激烈，激励每个人追求一个又一个的目标。一旦一个人停止取得进步，他很难保持过去的荣誉，在这个竞争世界中生活下去。正如伟大的中国领导人邓小平所说：“发展才是硬道理”。无论一个具体的机构如何成功，它肯定需要高速寻求新的发展。总而言之，无论一个国家还是个人都不能停滞不前。

一个恰当的例子就是“神州七号宇宙飞船”的成功发射，这使中国处于航空航天的一个较高地位。尽管这对我们中国人意味着一个巨大的成就，但我们在不远的将来面临新的挑战，需要在空间技术领域进行深入研究。另一个例子与我们考生密切相关。如果我们通过了考试，就面临着征服艰巨研究生课程的挑战。我们仍须在我们未来的学业、职业和事业上为了成功而继续奋斗。总之，这些例子清楚证明了这一说法：“终点又是新起点”。

3 Directions: 2009

Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should

1) describe the drawing briefly,

2) explain its intended meaning, and then

3) give your comments.

You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.

As is symbolically illustrated in the cartoon, a large number of people are surfing on line within a stretching spider web, either to entertain themselves or to meet the work's needs. Unfortunately, it seems rather ironic to present people separated from each other by the spider web when they attempt to communicate. Undoubtedly,the spider web serves as a symbol of Internet, both connecting people and isolating them from each other.

The metaphorical and impressive portrayal has subtly revealed the duality of the relationship between man and Internet. On the one hand, there is no denying that Internet is currently one of the most efficient media used for interpersonal communication. As a college student, I get on line every day to discuss news with other people on BBS, to study English by registering for web courses, to chat freely through MSN Messenger with my friends. But on the other hand, a good many people admit that they are too much addicted to Internet to maintain face-to-face contact with their friends and colleagues. Once indulged in the fictitious world, people feel reluctant to approach others and to concentrate on real life. That's why some people have lost the skill of direct contact and get alienated from others.

Hence, it is necessary for us to use Internet in a reasonable way and restrain from overindulgence. After all,Internet is invented to connect you and me, and to bring conveniences to our life rather than set a barrier to keep people beyond reach. (249words) 这幅漫画象征性地阐释了无论是为了自我娱乐还是适应工作的需求，很多人在一个拉伸的蜘蛛网之内网上冲浪。然而，看来相当讽刺的地方是，这幅图呈现了他们在试图互相交流的同时，却被蜘蛛网彼此隔开。毫无疑问，这个蜘蛛网作为互联网的一种象征，既连接了人们，又使他们彼此隔离。

这幅比喻并使人印象深刻的图画象征性揭示了人与互联网之间的双重关系。一方面，不可否认网络目前是用于人际交流的最高效媒介之一。作为一名大学生，我每天上网与他人在BBS上讨论新闻，通过注册网络课程来学习英语，借助MSN和我的朋友们免费聊天。但另一方面，很多人承认他们太沉迷于网络而不愿与朋友和同事保持面对面接触。一旦沉迷于这种虚幻世界，人们不愿接近他人并关注现实生活。这就是一些人丧失了直接沟通技能并与他人疏远的原因。

因此，我们很有必要以一种合理的方式使用互联网，避免过度沉迷。毕竟，人们发明互联网是为了连接你和我，为我们的生活带来方便，而非设置障碍使人彼此疏远。

4. 2010年

As is symbolically illustrated in the portrayal, there is a boiling hot pot containing various ingredients of multi-cultures. These pluralistic cultures can be categorized as celebrities home and abroad as Bi Sheng, Lao She, Shakespeare and Einstein, philosophical concepts as Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism, benevolence, ritual, humanism, Enlightenment, post-modernism and deconstruction, as well as performing arts as Beijing Opera, Gong Fu, Liang Zhu and Swan Lake. We are informed that the culture “hot pot” is both delicious and nutritious.

The purpose of the cartoonist is to show us that instead of being outdated and of little value in a rapidly modernizing world,cultural blending s hould be encouraged and maintained. On the one hand, mosaic cultures are part of the universal heritage of humanity and they are powerful means of bringing together diverse peoples and social groups. Consequently, cultural reintegration has become indispensable as a means of promoting further cultural development and maintenance. On the other hand, for China, as for any other rapidly developing country, there is a danger that age-old customs and traditions may become lost in the shadows of modernization.If Gong Fu, Beijing Opera or Swan Lake Ballet ever perished from the earth, it would be a tragedy of immeasurable proportions.

In my view, multi-cultures can be kept alive by the people with the time to do so, and is extremely vital in ensuring a community’s future development and prosperity. As a consequence of successful commercialization efforts, unwavering government support and growing interests overseas, the future of cultural blending looks brighter and more secure

than ever before. (254 words)

如图象征性所示，一只沸腾的火锅中拥有诸多多元文化元素。这些多元文化可分为毕昇、老舍、莎士比亚、爱因斯坦等国内外名人，佛、道、儒、仁、礼、启蒙、人本、后现代、解构等哲学概念，以及京剧、功夫、天鹅湖等表演艺术。文字说明显示：“文化‘火锅’，既美味又营养。”

画家的目的是告诉我们文化融合并未过时或失去价值，相反还应鼓励和保持。一方面，多元文化作为全体人类遗产的一部分，是将不同人群和社会群体融合的有力方式。因此，文化融合作为促进文化发展和保护的一种方式，已经不可或缺。另一方面，中国跟世界上其他快速发展的国家一样，年久的习俗和传统面临着消失在现代化阴影里的危险。如果京剧、功夫或天鹅湖从地球上消失，那将是不可估量的悲剧。

在我看来，如果人们能为多元文化花费时间的话，那么它就能得以保护。这对确保社会将来的繁荣和发展都至关重要。由于成功的商业努力、政府坚定不移的支持和不断增长的海外兴趣，多元文化的将来会比过去任何时候更明朗、更安全。

5. 2010年英语二

From the information given in the above column chart, we can see a striking contrast in mobile-phone subscriptions between developing and developed countries from 2000to2008. During this period, there has been a dramatic increase from 0.4 to4 billion mobile phone subscriptions in developing countries, while that of developed countries remained steady under 1 billion during the decade.

At least two fundamental factors could contribute to this phenomenon. On the one hand, with the rapid increase in economy happening in the developing countries, the telecommunication industry in those countries got a great bound to meet the demand of globalization. As a result, the user of mobile phone which can narrow the distance between people and link the whole world together rose at an incredible speed. On the other hand, the extremely advanced civilization of developed countries means less potential in many aspects including in the area of private telecommunication tools and their demand for further enlargement of such tools tend to saturation.

In conclusion, while mobile phones subscriptions, if used carelessly or without restraint, could prove to be a double-edged sword, the fact remains that it is already extremely prevalent in both developing and developed countries and even today, continue rise in popularity. Given the levels of intelligence, prudence and discretion imbued in people, I am sure that most of them will be able to sidestep the potential drawbacks of mobile phones, while taking advantage of all its merits. （241 words）

根据上述柱状图所提供的信息，我们可以看出从2000年到2008年，发展中国家和发达国家之间在手机入网方面存在着惊人的对比。在此期间，发展中国家手机入网从4亿急速增长到40亿，而发达国家的相关数据只是在10亿之下保持平稳。

至少有两点主要原因造成了这种现象。一方面，随着在发展中国家发生的快速经济增长，这些国家的电信产业必然会适应全球化的需求。因此，使用手机缩短人们之间距离并与全世界联系的人数以惊人的速度增加。另一方面，发达国家极端先进的文明在私人电信工具等诸多领域意味着更少的发展潜力，他们对进一步开发此类工具的需求趋于饱和。

因此，如果不小心或没有节制，手机入网就是一把双刃剑。尽管这样，事实上，手机入网在发展中国家和发达国家中均十分流行，这种趋势甚至今天还在继续扩大。假如人们多动脑、谨慎些、具有判断力，我确信大多数人们都能克服手机入网的弊端、利用它的优势。

6. Directions:

Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawings. In your essay, you should

1) describe the drawings briefly,

2) explain their intended meanings, and

3) give your comments.

图一：全球变暖导致极地冰川融化图二：无家可归的北极熊

As is subtly revealed in the cartoons above, global warming is a real threat to our world. In the first drawing, the glaciers in the polar region are rapidly melting owing to global warming. In the second picture, a homeless polar bear is staying on an isolated big block of ice.

The purpose of these portrayals is to show us that global warming is a looming threat to people all over the world. To begin with, global warming leads to the rise of sea levels. Large sections Chinese coastal regions would gradually disappear under rising sea levels because of global warming, severely impairing the country’s social and economic progress. China’s long coastline is the base for about 70% of the large cities, over half of the domestic population and nearly 60% of the national economy. With comparatively-advanced social, economic and cultural developments, China’s off-shore regions will suffer great losses if the sea level does not cease rising. In addition, global warming increases the possibility and intensity of extreme weather such as hurricanes and snowstorms. Hurricanes and typhoons have become stronger and longer-lasting over the past 30 years. These upswings correlate with a rise in sea surface temperatures due to global warming.

Taking into account the devastating effects of global warming, we can draw the conclusion that global warming is a great threat to our world. Facing the growing menace of global warming, more scientific and active preventive measures should be taken on a larger scale to change for the better.

正如上述漫画生动所示，全球变暖是当今世界的真正威胁。在图一中，由于全球变暖，极地冰川正在加剧融化。在图二中，一只无家可归的北极熊呆在一块孤立的大冰块上。

这些漫画的目的是告诉我们：全球气候变暖对全世界的人们来说是迫在眉睫的威胁。首先，全球气候变暖会导致海平面的上升。由于气候变暖，中国大多数沿海地区都将随着海平面的上升逐渐消失，严重危害了国家的社会和经济发展。中国漫长的海岸线遍布着中国70%的大城市，人口数量占到全国总人口的一半以上，控制着国家经济的将近60%。这些城市

的社会、经济和文化发展程度相对先进，如果海平面继续保持上升的话，那么对于中国的内陆城市来说将会承受巨大的损失。其次，全球气候变暖加大了出现极端天气的可能性并加重其强烈程度，例如飓风、雪灾。在最近30年里，飓风和台风持续的时间越来越长，强度也越来越大。这是与全球气候变暖所带来的海平面温度上升紧密联系的。

考虑到全球气候变暖带来的这些毁灭性影响，我们可以得出结论：全球气候变暖是全球的一大威胁。面临着日益增长的威胁，我们应该大规模采取更加积极、科学的预防性措施来促使其向更好的方向发展。

7. Directions:

Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should

1) describe the drawing briefly,

2) explain its intended meaning, and

3) give your comments.

As is symbolically illustrated in the picture, a lovely baby is sleeping comfortably on the beautiful earth with a little bird singing over him. In the drawing, a huge green umbrella shelters the baby and the earth from the threatening outside world. The caption indicates that we should advocate low carbon economy and cherish the earth.

The painter aims at reminding us the relationship between low carbon economy and environmental protection. In the first place, low carbon economy is crucial to sustainable economic development. Economic expansion causes irreparable damage to our environment.

A fragile ecological environment, insufficient environmental capacity and shortage of resources are becoming critical problems hindering the world’s development. If we want to achieve sustainable development, environmental protection should be integrated into our economic endeavors. Low carbon economy will have a direct impact on the overall situation of the world’s modernization drive and its long-term development. In the second place, environmental protection is in line with traditional Chinese culture. One of the core principles of traditional Chinese culture is to maintain harmony between man and nature. Many philosophies from Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism have emphasized the significance of a balanced environment. As an old Chinese saying goes, “Forefathers plant trees so future generations can enjoy the shade.” Protecting our environment and preserving a healthy environment for future generations goes hand in hand with Chinese culture.

Generally speaking, low carbon economy is indispensable for sustainable development. Haunted by various environmental problems, we should put the low carbon economy at the

core of our economic development plans and solve wide-ranging environmental problems before they evolve into environmental crisis.

如图象征性所示，一个可爱的婴儿正舒适地睡在美丽的地球上，一只小鸟在他身旁歌唱。在图画中，一只巨大的绿伞保护婴儿和地球不受可怕的外部世界的侵害。文字说明显示：倡导低碳、呵护地球。

画家旨在提醒我们低碳经济与环境保护之间的关系。首先，低碳经济对经济的可持续发展至关重要。经济的发展给我们的环境带来无法弥补的损失。脆弱的生态环境、环境容量不足和资源短缺现在成为阻碍世界发展的至关重要的因素。如果我们想持续发展，那么保护环境就必须与经济发展所做出的努力紧密结合。低碳经济将对世界的现代化进程和长期发展目标产生直接影响。其次，保护环境应该与传统的中国文化保持一致。中国传统文化的一个核心原则是维护人类和大自然的和谐统一。儒家、道家和佛家思想中的很多哲理都强调一个和谐的环境的重要性。中国有句古话：“前人栽树，后人乘凉“。因此，保护我们现在的环境、为后代维护健康的环境与传统的中国文化是一脉相承的。

总之，低碳经济对可持续发展来说是必不可少的。各种各样的环境问题困扰着世界，因此我们应该把低碳经济放在经济发展计划的核心位置，在各种各样的环境问题演变为环境危机之前解决他们。

8 Directions: 2000

Study the following two pictures carefully and write an essay to

A. describe the pictures,

B. deduce the purpose of the drawer of the pictures, and

C. suggest counter-measures.

You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET II.

A Brief History of World Commercial Fishing

As is shown in the pictures, we can see clearly that with the increase of commercial fishing, the number of fishes sharply decreased. In one picture, there were various kinds of fish and only one fishing-boat in 1900. On the contrary, in 1995 there was only one fish, but many fishing-boats.

The purpose of this picture is to show us that due attention has to be paid to the decrease of ocean resources. Owing to over-fishing, the number of fishes has obviously decreased. If we let this situation go as it is, we won't know where fish is in the future. By that time, our environment will suffer a great destruction.

Therefore, it is imperative for us to take drastic measures. For one thing, we should appeal to our authorities to make strict laws to control commercial fishing. For another, we should enhance the awareness of people that the ocean resources are very vital to us. Only in this way can we protect our ocean resources. Also, I believe that we human beings can overcome this difficulty, and we will have a bright future.

如图所示，我们可以清楚看出随着商业捕鱼的发展，鱼的数量明显下降。在一幅图中，1900年有很多种鱼，只有一艘捕鱼船。相反，在1995年，只有一条鱼，但是渔船很多。

这些图画的目的是告诉我们应该充分重视海洋资源的减少。由于过渡捕捞，鱼的数量明显下降。如果我们让这种情况听之任之，我们不知道鱼的未来在哪。到那个时候，我们的环境将遭受巨大的破坏。

因此，我们很有必要采取严厉措施。一方面，我们应该呼吁政府制定严格的法律控制商业捕鱼。另一方面，我们应该提高人们的意识：海洋资源对我们非常重要。只有这样才能保护我们的海洋资源。同时，我认为我们人类能够克服这个困难，并将拥有美好的未来。

9Directions: 2007

Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should

1) describe the drawing briefly,

2) explain its intended meaning, and then

3) support your view with an example/examples.

You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET II. (20 points)

As we can see from the picture, a football match is going on. On guarding the door, the left man seems to be keeping a "huge door" that is easy and inevitable for a goal, while the fight person hesitates to kick the ball with an illusion about the "huge door keeper". It is obvious that both of them exaggerate the difficulties in front of them.

This photo does reflect a thought-provoking social phenomenon which is not uncommon in China now. The young always give up because the problem is beyond their ability to cope with. Superficially, it seems to be somewhat reasonable, but when weighing in the mind, we find there is an apparent tendency underlying this phenomenon: the lack of confidence. Firstly, it is well-known that we exist in a dynamic world with various difficulties. We can do nothing but face them. Secondly, attitude is the key point to take the first step. Assume bravery and confidence to solve the problem, you will find the question is not as "huge" as you imagine. Take us for example, the entrance exam for graduate students even seems to a horrible monster before us. Some people give up, some persist. So, with confidence and the fight assessment of the difficulties, try and

exert your strength, and then we will overcome all problems.

On the whole, I believe we young people should face the difficulties in right manner. And nothing is impossible, just do it.

如图所示，一场足球赛正在进行。左边的人似乎在守一个对于射门轻而易举、不可避免的“大门”，而右边的人由于拥有关于“巨大守门员”的幻觉，踢球很犹豫。显而易见，他们两个人都夸大了面前的困难。

这幅图画确实反映了一个目前在中国很普遍同时发人深思的社会现象。由于问题超出他们应对的能力，年轻人总是放弃。表面上看，这幅图画似乎有一些道理，但当我们仔细思考时，我们就会发现在这个现象之下有一个明显的趋势：缺乏自信。首先，众所周知，我们生活在一个充满各种困难的多元化世界。我们别无选择，只能面对。其次，态度是采取第一步的关键。拥有勇气和信心来解决问题，你就会发现问题并非你想象的那么“严重”。以我们自己为例，研究生入学考试似乎是我们面前的一个可怕的怪物。有些人放弃了，而有些人则坚持了下来。因此，拥有信心和对困难的正确估计，并且竭尽全力，我们就将解决所有的问题。

总而言之，我认为我们年轻人应该以正确的方式面对困难。世上无难事，只怕有心人。10Directions: 2008

Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should

1) describe the drawing briefly,

2) explain its intended meaning, and then

3) give your comments.

You should write neatly on Answer Sheet 2.

你一条腿，我一条腿；

你我一起，走南闯北。

As is vividly depicted in the picture, two disabled men are running fast through teamwork although each of them has only one leg. Obviously, it is teamwork that makes it possible for them to go anywhere they want to.

Simple as it is, what the picture conveys to us is thought-provoking. With the development of economy and society, competition is becoming increasingly fierce. It is impossible for anyone to finish a work all by himself. Hence, people in mounting numbers put great emphasis on teamwork. In fact, it has been universally acknowledged that the ability of teamwork is the most essential qualification that anyone who wants to achieve success should possess.

Accordingly, it is imperative for us to take some measures to enhance the sense of teamwork in our society. We should bear in mind that teamwork is of great significance to both our society and ourselves. Every one should have the ability of teamwork. Only in this way can we achieve success and only in this way can our society become more harmonious to live in.

如图生动所示，尽管两个残疾的年轻人只有一条腿，但他们通过团队合作跑得很快。显而易见，正是合作才使得他们走南闯北成为可能。

尽管图画很简单，但它向我们表达了发人深思的含义。随着经济和社会的发展，竞争正变得日益激烈。任何人完全靠自己不可能完成一项工作。因此，越来越多的人非常重视合作。事实上，普遍公认合作的能力是任何想要获得成功的人应该拥有的最重要的条件。

因此，我们急需采取一些措施提高我们社会中的合作意识。我们应该牢记合作对社会和我们自己都非常重要。每个人都应该拥有合作的能力。只有这样我们才能获得成功，而且只有这样我们的社会才能居住起来更加和谐。