英国文学史选读复习资料
英国文学简史复习资料
General introduction of English literature
1. 1) Old English Literature (449-1066) 古英语时期文学
——The Song of Beowulf 《贝奥武甫》
2) Medieval English Literature (1066-15th century) 中世纪英语时期文学
——Geoffrey Chaucer (1340_1400) 杰弗里·乔叟
2. Renaissance English literature (late 15th century ~ early 17th century) 文艺复兴
——Francis Bacon 弗朗西斯·培根
——William Shakespeare 威廉·莎士比亚
——Ben Jonson 本·琼生
——Christopher Marlowe 克里斯托弗·马洛
3. English Literature of the Revolution and Restoration Period (1640-1688) 资产阶级革命与王朝复辟
时期的文学
——John Milton约翰·弥尔顿
——John Bunyan 约翰·班扬
4. 18th century English literature-the age of Enlightenment 启蒙运动时期
——Daniel Defoe丹尼尔·笛福
——Jonathan Swift乔纳森·斯威夫特
——Henry Fielding亨利·菲尔丁
——William Blake威廉·布莱克
——Robert Burns罗伯特·彭斯
5. Romantic English Literature (1798-1832) 浪漫主义时期
——William Wordsworth, 威廉·华兹华斯
——Samuel Taylor Coleridge, 塞缪·泰勒·柯勒律治
——George Gordon Byron, 乔治·戈登·拜伦
——Percy Bysshe Shelley 佩西·比舍·雪莱
——John Keats, 约翰·济慈
——Walter Scott 沃尔特·司各特
——Jane Austen简·奥斯汀
6. Critical Realistic Literature in the 19th Century 维多利亚时期（批判现实主义）
——W.M. Thackeray, 萨克雷
——C harles Dickens, 查尔斯·狄更斯
——Robert Browning 罗伯特·布朗宁
——Bronte sisters：Charlotte Bronte, Emily Bronte, Ann Bronte
——George Eliot乔治·艾略特
——Matthew Arnold 马修·阿诺德
——Thomas Hardy 托马斯·哈代
——Oscar Wilde 奥斯卡·王尔德
7. 20th Century English Literature
——George Bernard Shaw乔治·萧伯纳
——Joseph Conrad 约瑟夫·康拉德
——William Butler Yeats 威廉·巴特勒·叶芝
——Virginia Woolf弗吉尼亚·沃尔夫
——James Joyce詹姆斯·乔伊斯
——D. H. Lawrence劳伦斯
——T. S. Eliot 爱略特
一、The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066)
1、这个时期的文学作品分类：pagan(异教徒) ，Christian(基督徒)
2、代表作：The Song of Beowulf《贝奥武甫》( national epic 民族史诗) 采用了隐喻metaphor手法
3、Alliteration 头韵（写作手法）
例子：of m an was the m ildest and m ost beloved,
To his k in the k indest, k eenest for praise.
二、The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350) 盎格鲁—诺曼时期
1、romance 传奇文学
2、代表作：Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (高文爵士和绿衣骑士) 是一首押头韵的长诗
三、Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) 杰弗里·乔叟时期
1、the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父
2、heroic couplet 英雄双韵体：a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韵) lines in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格)
3、代表作：The Canterbury Tales 《坎特伯雷的故事集》(英国文学史的开端)
大致内容：the pilgrims are people from various parts of England, representatives of various walks of life and social groups. 朝圣者都是来自英国的各地的人,代表着社会的各个不同阶层和社会团体
小说特点：each of the narrators tells his tale in a peculiar manner, thus revealing his own views and character. 这些叙述者以自己特色的方式讲述自己的故事，无形中表明了各自的观点，展示了各自的性格。
小说观点：he believes in the right of man to earthly happiness. He is anxious to see man freed from superstitions(迷信) and a blind belief in fate 他希望人们能从迷信和对命运的盲从中解脱出来。
4、Popular Ballads 大众民谣：a story hold in 4-line stanzas with second and fourth line rhymed
Ballads are anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by oral transmission 歌谣是匿名叙事歌曲,一直保存着口头传播的方式
代表人物：Bishop Thomas Percy 托马斯·珀西主教
代表作：Robin Hood and Allin-a-Dale 侠盗罗宾汉和阿林代尔
四、The Renaissance (16世纪) 文艺复兴时期
（Greek and Roman）戏剧drama
The term Renaissance originally indicated a revival of classical (Greek and Roman) arts and sciences.
文艺复兴最初是指经典艺术和科学在英国的复兴。
The epoch of Renaissance witnessed a particular development of English drama
文艺复兴时期的英国戏剧也得到了迅速的发展。
1、key word: humanism 人文主义：admire human beauty and human achievement
2、代表人物：
1)、Thomas More 托马斯·莫尔Utopia 《乌托邦》
2)、Francis Bacon 弗朗西斯.培根第一个散文家(essayist)
3)、Thomas Wyatt 托马斯.怀亚特引入十四行诗的第一人
sonnet(十四行诗)：form of poetry intricately rhymed(间隔押韵) in 14 lines iambic pentameter
4)、Edmund Spenser 埃德蒙·斯宾塞poet’s poet(诗人中的诗人) The Fairy Queen《仙后》(epic poem 史诗)
5)、Christopher Marlowe 克里斯托弗·马洛
blank verse(无韵体：不押韵的五步抑扬格) 是十六世纪英国戏剧的主要表现形式。
6)、William Shakespeare 威廉·莎士比亚戏剧drama
四大悲剧：Hamlet(哈姆雷特)，Othello(奥赛罗)，King Lear(李尔王)，The Tragedy of Macbeth(麦克白)
五、The period of Revolution and Restoration (17世纪) 资产阶级革命与王权复辟
1、文学特点：the Puritans(清教徒) believed in simplicity of life、disapproved of the sonnets and the love poetry、breaking up of old ideals.
清教徒崇尚俭朴的生活、拒绝十四行诗和爱情诗、与旧思想脱离。
2、代表人物：
1)、John Donne 约翰·多恩“metaphysical”poets (玄学派诗人) 的代表人物
sonnet 十四行诗“ Death be not proud”
代表作品：The Flea《跳蚤》
2)、John Milton 约翰·弥尔顿a great poet 诗人（poem 诗歌blank verse ）
Defense for the English People《为英国人民辩护》
Paradise Lost《失乐园》“Satan is not a villain”撒旦不是坏人
Paradise Regained《复乐园》
3)、John Bunyan 约翰·拜扬a great prose writer “give us the only great allegory(寓言)”
The Pilgrim’s Progress《天路历程》
该书采用的写作手法“written in the old-fashioned(旧体形式), medieval form of allegory(寓言) and dream”
六、The Age of Enlightenment (18世纪) 启蒙运动also known as “the Age of Reason”
1、Emphasized formality or correctness of style, to write prose like Addison, or verse like Pope.
强调正确的格式和写作规范，像艾迪生一样创作散文，和蒲柏一样创作诗歌。
The Enlightenment was an expression of struggle of the then progressive class of bourgeoisie against feudalism. 启蒙运动实际上是当时先进的资产阶级同落后的封建主义斗争的一种形式。
The enlighteners repudiate the false religious doctrines about the viciousness of human nature, and prove that man is born kind and honest, and if he becomes depraved, it is only due to the influence of corrupted social environment.
启蒙主义者颠覆了宗教所宣扬的人类本恶的观点；论证了人生诚实而友善，而腐化堕落则是后天腐败的社会环境所致。
Contrary to all reasoning, social injustice still held strong, found the power of reason to be insufficient, and therefore appealed to sentiment as a means of achieving happiness and social justice.
无论怎样讲究理性，社会不平等现象仍然普遍存在，理性的力量明显不足。因此呼吁把情感的诉求作为一种谋求幸福和社会公平的手段。
2、18th century 文学的三个方面：
Neo-Classicism(新古典主义)、Sentimentalism(伤感主义)、Pre-romanticism (前浪漫主义诗歌)、beginning of the modern novel(刚启萌的现代派小说) 、drama(戏剧)
3、代表人物：
1)、Daniel Defoe 丹尼尔·笛福realistic novel 现实主义小说
Novel：” Robinson Crusoe”《鲁宾逊漂流记》
” The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling”《弃婴汤姆.琼斯的故事》the best novel of him
2)、Jonathan Swift 乔纳森·斯威夫特
” Gulliver’s Travels”《格列佛游记》novel反讽
作品特点：no visible sign of anger, nor raising the voice; the tone is cold, restrained, ironic, varied only by some flashes of fooling when Swift’s sense of the ridiculous gets the better of him.
努不动颜，骂不扬声，语调冷酷，锋芒暗藏，讽刺辛辣，仅在讽喻之情难以抑制时才偶露揶揄之态。” A Modest Proposal”《一个温和的建议》猛烈地抨击了压迫爱尔兰人民的统治
4)、Samuel Richardson 塞缪尔·理查森
” Pamela”《帕美勒》The method of psychological analysis 心理分析的方法
In the form of letters 书信体小说
5)、Richard B. Sheridan 理查德·B.谢里丹
” School for Scandal”《造谣学校》，喜剧comedy
6)、Oliver Goldsmith’s 奥利佛·.哥尔德斯密斯散文作家essayist
” The Vicar of Wakefield”《威克菲尔德的牧师》，小说novel
” She Stoops to Conquer”《委曲求全》，欢乐喜剧rollicking comedy
” The Deserted Village”《荒村》，诗歌poems
4、Sentimentalism 感伤主义no belief 没有信仰
The representatives of sentimentalism continued to struggle against feudalism but they vaguely sensed at the same time the contradictions of bourgeois progress that brought with it enslavement and ruin to the people. 感伤主义的代表人物在继续反对封建主义的同时又模糊的感觉到资本主义进程中出现的种种矛盾，感觉到资本主义制度对人性的奴役和破坏。
代表人物：Thomas Gray 托马斯.格雷“ Elegy, Written in a Country Churchyard”《墓园挽歌》
七、The Romantic Period (1798-1832)浪漫主义
1、前浪漫主义代表人物：1) William Blake 威廉·布莱克诗人poet
代表作品：诗集《天真之歌》Songs of Innocence: The Lamb, The Chimney Sweeper1789
诗集《经验之歌》Songs of Experience: The Tiger, London, The Chimney Sweeper1794
2) Robert Burns 罗伯特·.彭斯苏格兰诗人poet
代表作品：A Red, Red Rose 《一朵红红的玫瑰》、My Heart’s on the Highland《我的心在高原》、《友谊地久天长》（Auld Lang Syne）。
Pre-Romanticism was greatly influenced by the Industrial Revolution and the French Revolution
前浪漫主义极大地影响了工业革命和法国大革命。
2、教育意义Educational：liberty, equality and fraternity 自由，平等，博爱
3、开始的标志：beginning with the publication of William Wordsworth and S. T. Coleridge’s “Lyrical Ballads”从威廉.华兹华斯和柯勒律治一起发表的《抒情歌谣集》开始
4、lake poets(湖畔诗人)：Wordsworth, Coleridge, Southey 骚塞
5、代表人物：
1)、William Wordsworth 威廉·华兹华斯poet-laureate (桂冠诗人)
“The Prelude”序曲自传性诗歌Autobiographical poetry
作品特点：simplicity and purity of the language, fighting against the conventional forms of the 18th century poetry 简单而纯洁的语言,反传统形式的18世纪诗歌
2)、S. T. Coleridge 柯勒律治
Demonic poems魔幻诗
The Rime of the Ancient Mariner 《古舟子咏》、Kubla Khan《忽必烈汗》Christabel《克里斯塔贝尔》作品特点：unusual and supernatural things不寻常和超自然的事物
3)、Lord Byron 拜伦“ Childe Harold Pilgrimage”《恰尔德·哈罗德游记》成名作“ Don Juan”《唐璜》satiric masterpiece 讽刺的杰作
4)、Percy Bysshe Shelley 雪莱“ Prometheus Unbound”《解放了的普罗米修斯》drama 戏剧
“ Ode to the West Wind”《西风颂》poem 诗
5)、John Keats 济慈poet 诗人“ The Eve of St. Agnes”《圣阿格尼斯之夜》poem “ On a Grecian Urn”《希腊古瓮颂》poem “ To a Nightingale”《夜莺颂》poem “Beauty is truth, truth beauty”美学原则6)、Walter Scott沃尔特·司各特He is the creator and a great master of the historical novel. 他是历史小说的创造者和大师
作品：Ivanhoe《艾凡赫》、The Lady of The Lake《湖上夫人》
7)、Jane Austen 简·奥斯丁女“ Pride and Prejudice”《傲慢与偏见》“ Sense and Sensibility”《理智与情感》“ Emma”《爱玛》
写作特点：the love-making of her young people, though serious and sympathetic, is subdued by humor to the ordinary plane of emotion on which most of us live. She was the founder of the novel which deals with unimportant middleclass people. 她是中产阶级小说的发起人。
6、十九世纪散文的特点：In the first of these two periods Addison and Steele socialized the essay, so to speak; they brought it into everyday life and made it familiar and delightful to the multitude. 在这两个时期的开始，艾迪生和斯蒂尔的社会散文把散文带入日常生活,并使其熟悉和并令人愉快。Early in the
nineteenth century it became more definitely a means of intimate self-expression.在十九世纪前期，散文变得对自我的表达越来越肯定
八、Critical Realism 批判现实主义，Victorian Period 维多利亚时期
1、意义：Chartism signified the first great political movement of the proletariat in English history.在英国的历史中，宪章运动是伟大的无产阶级政治运动。
2、代表人物：
1)、Charles Dickens 狄更斯David Copperfield 《大卫·科波菲尔》一部半自传体著作
“ Hard Times”《艰难时世》“ Pickwick Papers”《匹克威克外传》“ Oliver Twist”《雾都孤儿》“ A Tale of Two Cities”《双城记》(描述了法国大革命French Revolution)特点：describing the misery and sufferings of common people.描述苦难和苦难的群众。
2)、Charlotte Bronte 夏洛蒂·勃郎特女“ Shirley”《雪利》“ Jane Eyre”《简·爱》，Emily Bronte 艾米丽·勃郎特” Wuthering Heights”《呼啸山庄》（主人公：Mr. Heathcliff希斯克利夫），Ann Bronte安·勃朗特Agnes Grey《安格尼斯·格雷》
特点：brought to the novel an introspection and an intense concentration on the inner life of emotion which before them had been the province of poetry alone.
3)、Mrs. Gaskell盖斯凯尔夫人“ Mary Barton《玛丽·巴顿》, North and South”，《北方和南方》
4)、William Makepeace Thackeray萨克雷“Vanity Fair”《名利场》—this title was borrowed by Thackeray from The Pilgrim’s Progress by Bunyan. Thackeray draws a broad panorama of social life in his novel, ruthlessly criticizing money worship, cruelty and unscrupulousness. 在他的小说中描绘了广阔的社会生活，无情抨击了残酷和不择手段的拜金主义
人物：Rebecca Sharp 瑞贝卡·夏泼— a perfect embodiment of the spirit of Vanity Fair as her only aspiration in life is to gain wealth and position by and means.唯一的愿望人生就是在名利场中，完美的获取财富和地位的手段。
特点：novels mainly contain a satirical portrayal of the upper strata of society。小说是一个含有讽刺意味的上流社会写照。
5)、George Eliot 乔治.艾略特女“Adam Bede”《亚当·比德》novel “ The Mill on the Floss”” 《弗洛斯河上的磨房》、”Middlemarch”《米徳尔马契》Her preoccupation was always with the serious consideration of the moral position of the individual in the universe, but her psychological insight into the development of character.她最认真考虑的是个人的道德立场，但是她的心洞察了个性的发展。
特点：the significance of G. Eliot’s work lies in the portrayal of the pettiness and stagnancy of English provincial life 艾略特写作的意义在于琐碎的描绘和英国生活的停滞。
6)、Thomas Hardy 哈代悲观主义者Pessimist “Tess of the D’Urbervilles”《徳伯家的苔丝》“Jude the obscure”《无名的裘德》novel
特点：His career is thus divided sharply between his Victorian novels and his post-Victorian poetry. 他的生涯就是他的小说和他的后维多利亚诗歌之间的尖锐分歧。
7)、Aestheticism 唯美主义Oscar Wilde “art for art’s sake” 为艺术而艺术
唯一一部小说《道林·格雷的画像》The Picture of Dorian Gray,
代表作：《认真的重要》The Importance of Being Earnest
3、桂冠诗人(poet-laureate)：
1)、Alfred Tennyson 阿尔弗雷德·丁尼生《多佛海滩》Dover Beach
2)、Robert Browning “ My last duchess”《已故的公爵夫人》、The Ring and the Book《指环和书》
贡献：Dramatic monologues 戏剧独白
九、20th century in English literature before WWⅡ二战前20世纪英国文学
1) George Bernard Shaw 剧作家(playwright) “ Mrs. Warre n’s profession”《华莱夫人的职业》、Pygmalion 喜剧《皮格马利翁》（好莱坞据此翻拍的My Fair Lady《窈窕淑女》说话不饶人的语言学家与友人打
赌，要在六个月之内，将满口乡音、在伦敦街头卖花的少女改造成大家闺秀，出席上流社会的舞会而不被揭发。）
2) Joseph Conrad 约瑟夫·康拉德
《黑暗的中心》Heart of Darkness
3) William Butler Yeats威廉·巴特勒·叶芝
4) D. H. Lawrence 劳伦斯“ Lady Chatterl ey’s Lover”《查泰莱夫人的情人》“ The Rainbow”《彩虹》“ Sons and lovers”《儿子与情人》
5) T. S. Eliot 艾略特
3、“stream of consciousness”意识流代表人物：
1)、Virginia Woolf 弗吉尼亚·沃尔夫“ Mrs. Dalloway”《戴洛维夫人》
2)、James Joyce 詹姆斯·乔伊斯“ Ulysses”《尤利西斯》
英国文学史复习资料(三年级专业生期末考试必备)[1] (1)
英国文学史资料British Writers and Works I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages
英国文学史及选读__期末试题及答案
考试课程：英国文学史及选读考核类型：A 卷 考试方式：闭卷出卷教师: XXX 考试专业：英语考试班级：英语xx班 I.Multiple choice (30 points, 1 point for each) select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. 1._____，a typical example of old English poetry ,is regarded today as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons. A.The Canterbury Tales B.The Ballad of Robin Hood C.The Song of Beowulf D.Sir Gawain and the Green Kinght 2._____is the most common foot in English poetry. A.The anapest B.The trochee C.The iamb D.The dactyl 3.The Renaissance is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events, which one of the following is NOT such an event? A.The rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture. B.England’s domestic rest C.New discovery in geography and astrology D.The religious reformation and the economic expansion 4._____is the most successful religious allegory in the English language. A.The Pilgrims Progress B.Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners C.The Life and Death of Mr.Badman D.The Holy War 5.Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries, its essence is _____. A.science B.philosophy C.arts D.humanism 6.“So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,/So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.”(Shakespeare, Sonnets18)What does“this”refer to ? A.Lover. B.Time. C.Summer. D.Poetry. 7.“O prince, O chief of my throned powers, /That led th’ embattled seraphim to war/Under thy conduct, and in dreadful deeds/Fearless, endangered Heaven’s perpetual king”In the third line of the above passage quoted from Milton’s Paradise Los t, the phrase“thy conduct”refers to _____conduct. A.God’s B.Satan’s C.Adam’s D.Eve’s
英国文学史及选读 复习要点总结概要
《英国文学史及选读》第一册复习要点 1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements (此处可能会有填空,选择等小题 2. Romance (名词解释 3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’ s story 4. Ballad(名词解释 5. Character of Robin Hood 6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet 7. Heroic couplet (名词解释 8. Renaissance(名词解释 9.Thomas More—— Utopia 10. Sonnet(名词解释 11. Blank verse(名词解释12. Edmund Spenser “The Faerie Queene” 13. Francis Bacon “essays” esp. “Of Studies” (推荐阅读,学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照,本文用词正式优雅,多排比句和长句,语言造诣非常高,里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句,非常值得一读 14. William Shakespeare四大悲剧比较重要,此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了,这些剧的主题,背景,情节,人物形象都要熟悉,当然他最重要的是 Hamlet 这是肯定的。他的sonnet 也很重要,最重要属 sonnet18。 (其戏剧中著名对白和几首有名的十四行诗可能会出选读 15. John Milton 三大史诗非常重要,特别是 Paradise Lost 和 Samson Agonistes。对于 Paradise Lost 需要知道它是 blank verse写成的,故事情节来自 Old Testament,另外要知道此书 theme 和 Satan 的形象。
英国文学史复习资料
Beowulf English literature began with the Anglo-Saxon settlement in England.Beowulf is the national epic of the English people. Beowulf is a folk legend brought to England by Anglo-Saxons from their continental homes.Its main stories are evidently folk legends of primative Northern tribes.The most striking feature of Beowulf is the use of alliteration（头韵）.In alliterative verse,certain accented word in a line begin with the same consonant sound,there are generally 4 accents in a line,three of which show alliteration.Other features are the use of metaphors and of understatements(掩饰). ―Ring-giver‖ is used for king, ―sea-wood‖for ship.Ironical humour is often regarded as a permanentcharacteristic of English. Chaucer (About 1340-1400.) His literature career can be divided into three periods:French Period (The Romaunt of the Rose) ,Italian Period,England period.Troilus and Criseyde is his longest complete poem(8000 lines) and his greatest artistic achievement.The Canterbury Tales is Chaucer’s masterpiece and one of the monumental works in English literature.Taking the stand of the rising bourgeoisie,he affi rms men and women’s right to pursue their happiness on earth and opposes the dogma of asceticism(禁欲主义) preached by the church.As a forerunner of humanism,he praises man’s energy,intellect,quick wit and love of life.Chaucer’s language,called Middle English,is vivid and exact.Contribution to English poetry lies chiefly in the fact that he introduced from France the rhymed stanza of various types,especially the rhymed couplet(双韵诗体)of 5 accents in iambic(抑扬格) meter(the heroic couplet)to English poetry,instead of the old Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse. Marlowe(1564-1593)
2014-2015英国文学史及选读期末试题B
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班级_________________学号姓名考试科目英美文学史及作品选读【（1）】B卷闭卷共 5 页 学生答题不得超过此线····································密························封························线································
班级_________________学号姓名考试科目英美文学史及作品选读【（1）】B卷闭卷共 5 页 学生答题不得超过此线····································密························封························线································
英国文学史_复习资料大二英语专业必考
一．作家作品连线 1.GeoffreyChaucer乔叟——TheCanterburyTales(坎特伯雷故事)，TheBookofTheDuchess（公爵夫人之书）、TheParliamentofFowls（百鸟会议）TheHouseofFame(声誉之堂)、TroilusandCriseyde（特罗勒斯与克丽西德） 2.WilliamShakespeare莎士比亚——Hamlet,RomeoandJuliet,Sonnet TheMerchantofVenice，HenryIV，TwelfthNight，KingLear，Macbeth Othello,Winter’sTale,TheTempest 3.FrancisBacon培根——OfMarriageandSingleLife（论婚姻和单身）,OfStudies,AdvancementofLearning,NewAtlantis,Essays 4.JohnDonne邓恩(Metaphysicalpoems玄学派诗人)——SongandSonnets（歌与十四行诗）TheGood-Morrow,BreakofDay,HolySonnets（圣十四行诗）,AttheRou ndEarth’sImaginedCorners,Below,Death,BenotProud,Eleg ies,OnHisMistress,ToHisMistressGoingtoBed 5.JohnMilton弥尔顿——ParadiseLost（失乐园）、ParadiseRegained（复乐园）SamsonAgonistes（力士参孙）,Lycidas(利西达斯），Areopagitica, 6.DanielDefoe笛福——TheLifeandstrangeSurprisingAdventuresofRobinsonCrusoe（鲁滨孙漂流记）、CaptainSingleton(辛格顿船长)、MollFlanders（摩尔·弗兰德斯）AJournalofthePlagueYear（大疫年日记）、Roxana（罗克萨娜） 7.JonathanSwift斯威夫特——Gulliver’sTravels（格列佛游记）ATaleofaTub（一只桶的故事）,AModestProposal（一个温和的建议）,TheBattleoftheBooks,TheDrapier’sLetter,JournaltoStella
(完整word版)吴伟仁--英国文学史及选读--名词解释
①Beowulf: The national heroic epic of the English people. It has over 3,000 lines. It describes the battles between the two monsters and Beowulf, who won the battle finally and dead for the fatal wound. The poem ends with the funeral of the hero. The most striking feature in its poetical form is the use if alliteration. Other features of it are the use of metaphors(暗喻) and of understatements(含蓄). ②Alliteration: In alliterative verse, certain accented(重音) words in a line begin with the same consonant sound(辅音). There are generally 4accents in a line, 3 of which show alliteration, as can be seen from the above quotation. ③Romance: The most prevailing(流行的) kind of literature in feudal England was the Romance. It was a long composition, sometimes in verse(诗篇), sometimes in prose(散文), describing the life and adventures of a noble hero, usually a knight, as riding forth to seek adventures, taking part in tournament(竞赛), or fighting for his lord in battle and the swearing of oaths. ④Epic: An epic is a lengthy narrative poem, ordinarily concerning a serious subject containing details of heroic deeds and events significantly to a culture or nation. The first epics are known as primacy, or original epics. ⑤Ballad: The most important department of English folk literature is the ballad which is a story told in song, usually in 4-line stanzas(诗节), with the second and fourth lines rhymed. The subjects of ballads are various in kind, as the struggle of young lovers against their feudal-minded families, the conflict between love and wealth, the cruelty of jealousy, the criticism of the civil war, and the matters and class struggle. The paramount(卓越的) important ballad is Robin Hood(《绿林好汉》). ⑥Geoffrey Chaucer杰弗里.乔叟: He was an English author, poet, philosopher and diplomat. He is the founder of English poetry. He obtained a good knowledge of Latin, French and Italian. His best remembered narrative is the Canterbury Tales(《坎特伯雷故事集》), which the Prologue(序言) supplies a miniature(缩影) of the English society of Chaucer’s time. That is why Chaucer has been called “the founder of English realism”. Chaucer affirms men and women’s right to pursue their happiness on earth and opposes(反对) the dogma of asceticism(禁欲主义) preached(鼓吹) by the church. As a forerunner of humanism, he praises man’s energy, intellect, quick wit and love of life. Chaucer’s contribution to English poetry lies chiefly in the fact that he introduced from France the rhymed stanza of various types, especially the rhymed couplet of 5 accents in iambic(抑扬格) meter(the “heroic couplet”) to English poetry, instead of the old Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse. ⑦【William Langland威廉.朗兰: Piers the Plowman《农夫皮尔斯》】
英国文学史复习资料
V The Romantic Period The romantic period began in 1798 the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s
英国文学史复习资料
1.Classicism(古典主义):A movement or tendency in art, literature, or music th at reflects the principles manifested in the art of ancient Greece and Rome. Cl assicism emphasizes the traditional and the universal, and places value on reas on, clarity, balance, and order. 2. Critical Realism 批判现实主义: Realism is a mode of writing that gives the impression of recording or reflecting faithfully an a ctual way of life. The term refers, sometimes confusingly, both to a literary meth od based on detailedaccuracy1of description (i. e. verisimilitude) and to a more gene ral attitude that rejects idealization, escapism, and other extravagant qualities of roma nce in favor of recognizing soberly the actual problems of life.4. Enlightenment 启蒙主义: Enlightenment is an intellectual movement in Europe in 18th century. It w as an expression of the struggle of the bourgeoisie against feudalism. The enlightener s fought against class inequality, stagnation, prejudices and other feudal survivals. I t was so called because it considered the chief means for the betterment of the societ y was the enlightenment or—educationof the people. 5. Renaissanee文艺复兴：Re naissance marks a transition from the medieval to the modern world. Generally, it ref ers to the period between the 14th and mid 17th centuries. It first started in Italy, wit h the flowering of painting, sculpture and literature. From Italy the movement went t o embrace the rest of Europe. Twofeatures are striking of this movement. The one i s a thirsting curiosity for the classical literature. Another feature of the Renaissance i s the keen interest in the activities of humanity. Hence, humanism, which reflected th e new outlook of the rising bourgeois class, is the key-note of the Renaissance. The gr eatest of the English humanists were Thomas More and William Shakespeare. 6 Soliloquy( 独白)： Soliloquy, in drama, means a moment when a character is alone and speaks his or her thoughts aloud.. 7. Neoclassicism 新古典主义:th e Enlightenment brought about a revival of interest in Greek and Roman works. This t endency is known as Neoclassicism.8. Romanticism 浪漫主义: imagination, emoti on and freedom are certainly the focal points of romanticism. The particular characteri stics of the literature of romanticism include: subjectivity and an emphasis on individu alism; freedom from rules; solitary life rather then life in society; the beliefs that imag ination is superior to reason; and love of and worship of nature9. . Sentimentalism 感伤主义:it came into being as a result of a bitter discontent on thepart of certain En lighteners in social reality. (The representatives of sentimentalismcontinued to strug gle against feudalism but they vaguely sensed at the same time the contradictions of b ourgeois progress that brought with it enslavement and ruinto the people. ) The phil osophy of the enlighteners, through rational and materialistic in its essence, did not ex clude senses, or sentiments, as a means of perception and learning. Moreover, the cul t of nature and, a cult of a "natural man" whose feelings display themselves in a mos t human and natural manner, contrary to the artful and hypocritical aristocrats1.0. So nnet 十四行诗:Sonnet is a type of poem consisting of one single fourteen-line stanz a. It was perfected by the Italian poet in the 13th century and introduced into Englan d in the early 16th century. English sonnets in terms of structure, largely fall into tw o classes: Italian form (It consists of 14 iambic pentameter
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