搜档网
当前位置:搜档网 › 汽车传动系统介绍

汽车传动系统介绍

1简介:传动轴是由轴管、伸缩套和万向节组成。传动轴(DriveShaft)连接或装配各项配件,而又可移动或转动的圆形物体 传动轴
配件,一般均使用轻而抗扭性佳的合金钢管制成。对前置引擎后轮驱动的车来说是把变速器的转动传到主减速器的轴,它可以是好几节由万向节连接。它是一个高转速、少支承的旋转体,因此它的动平衡是至关重要的。一般传动轴在出厂前都要进行动平衡试验,并在平衡机上进行了调整。
2结构
传动轴是由轴管、伸缩套和万向节组成。伸缩套能自动调节变速器与驱动桥之间距离的变化。万向节是保证变速器输出轴与驱动桥输入轴两轴线夹角的变化,并实现两轴的等角速传动。
(1)万向节
一般万向节由十字轴、十字轴承和凸缘叉等组成。万向节是汽车传动轴上的关键部件。在前置发动机后轮驱动的车辆上,万向节传动轴安装在变速器输出轴与驱动桥主减速器输入轴之间;而前置发动机前轮驱动的车辆省略了传动轴,万向节安装在既负责驱动又负责转向的前桥半轴与车轮之间。车辆在运行中路面不平产生跳动,负荷变化或者两个总成安装位置差异,都会使得变速器输出轴与驱动桥主减速器输入轴之间的夹角和距离发生变化,因此要用一个“以变应变”的装置来解决这一个问题,因此就有了万向节。
(2)伸缩套
传统结构的传动轴伸缩套是将花键套与凸缘叉焊接在一起,将花键轴焊在传动轴管上。新型的的传动轴一改传统结构,将花键套与传动轴管焊接成一体,将花键轴与凸缘叉制成一体。并将矩形齿花键改成大压力角渐开线短 传动轴
齿花键,这样既增加了强度又便于挤压成形,适应大转矩工况的需要。在伸缩套管和花键轴的牙齿表面,整体涂浸了一层尼龙材料,不仅增加了耐磨性和自润滑性,而且减少了冲击负荷对传动轴的损害,提高了缓冲能力。
(3)轴套
是为了减少轴运动时的摩擦与磨损而设计出来的,基本用途与轴承无异,而且相对成本较便宜,但摩擦阻力较大,所以只会使用于部份部件上。轴套大多都以铜制成,但亦有塑胶制的轴套。轴套多被放置于轴与承托结构中,而且非常紧贴承托结构,只有轴能在轴套上转动。在装配轴与轴套时,两者间会加入润滑剂以减少其转动时产生的摩擦力。
3用途
专用汽车传动轴主要用在油罐车,加油车,洒水车,吸污车,吸粪车,消防车,高压清洗车,道路清障车,高空作业车,垃圾车等车型上。
4使用和保养
1.严禁汽车用高速档起步。
2.严禁猛抬离合器踏板。
3.严禁汽车超载、超速行驶。
4.应经

常检查传动轴工作状况。
5.应经常检查传动轴吊架紧固情况,支承橡胶是否损坏,传动轴各连接部位是否松旷,传动轴是否变形。
6.为了保证传动轴的动平衡,应经常注意平衡焊片是否脱焊。新传动轴组件是配套提供的,在新传动轴装车时应注意伸缩套的装配标记,应保证凸缘叉在一个平面内。在维修拆卸传动轴时,应在伸缩套与凸缘轴上打印装配标记,以备重新装配时保持原装配关系不变。
5故障维修
(1)传动轴机件的损坏、磨损、变形以及失去动平衡,都会造成汽车在行驶中产生异响和振动,严重时会导致相关部件的损坏。汽车行驶中,在起步或急加速时发出“格登”的声响,而且明显表现出机件松旷的感觉,如果不是驱动桥传动齿轮松旷则显然是传动轴机件松旷。松旷的部位不外乎是万向节十字轴承或钢碗与凸缘叉,伸缩套的花键轴与花键套。一般来讲,十字轴轴径与轴承旷量不应超过0.13mm,伸缩花键轴与花键套啮合间隙不应大于0.3mm。超过使用极限应当修复或更换。
(2)国内针对传动轴磨损一般采用的是补焊、镶轴套、打麻点等方法,但当轴的材质为45号钢(调质处理)时,如果仅采用堆焊处理,则会产生焊接内应力,在重载荷或高速运转的情况下,可能在轴肩处出现裂纹乃至断裂的现象,如果采用去应力退火,则难于操作,且加工周期长,检修费用高;当轴的材质为HT200时,采用铸铁焊也不理想。一些维修技术较高的企业会采用电刷镀、激光焊、微弧焊甚至冷焊等,这些维修技术往往需要较高的要求及高昂的费用。

1: drive shaft is composed of a shaft tube, a telescopic sleeve and universal joint. Drive shaft (DriveShaft ) is connected or assembly of various accessories, and can move or rotate the circular object transmission shaft

Parts, generally use light and torsional resistance of alloy steel pipe. On front engine rear wheel drive vehicle is the transmission of rotation to the main reducer shaft, it can be a good few sections connected by a universal joint. It is a high speed, less supported rotating body, so its dynamic balance is crucial. General transmission shaft in the factory before going to dynamic balance test, and in balancing machine are adjusted.

2Structure

The drive shaft is composed of a shaft tube, a telescopic sleeve and universal joint. Telescopic sleeve can automatically adjust the transmission and drive axle of the change in distance between. Universal joint is the guarantee of the transmission output shaft with the drive axle input shaft two axis angle changes, and the realization of the two axes of the constant velocity transmission.

(1) universal joint

General universal joint is composed of a cross shaft, bearing and a flange yoke co

mposed of cross. The universal joint is the key part of automobile transmission shaft. In the front engine rear wheel drive vehicle, a cardan shaft mounted to the transmission output shaft and a driving axle main reducer input shaft; and the front engine front drive vehicle to omit the drive shaft, a gimbal mounted in both responsible for driving and responsible for steering front axle half shaft and the wheel. Vehicle running in uneven beat, load change or two assembly mounted position difference, will make the transmission output shaft and the drive axle main speed reducer input shaft angle and distance change, so for a " strain" device to solve the problem, so it is a universal joint.

(2) the telescopic sleeve

The traditional structure of the transmission shaft spline sleeve telescopic sleeve is welded together with the flange fork, spline shaft is welded on the transmission shaft tube. Novel transmission shaft changes the traditional structure, the spline sleeve and the propeller shaft tube is welded into one, the spline shaft and the flange yoke body made of. The rectangular spline into large pressure angle involute short drive shaft

Spline, which increases the strength and easy extrusion, adapt to the large torque condition needs. In the telescopic sleeve and the spline shaft of the tooth surface, the whole is coated with a layer of nylon, not only increases the wear resistance and self-lubricating property, and reduces the impact load on the transmission shaft damage, improve the buffer capacity.

(3) shaft sleeve

In order to reduce the friction and wear of shaft motion and design, the basic purpose and the bearing is, and relatively cheaper, but large frictional resistance, so will only be used in parts. Bushings are made of copper, but also with plastic sleeve. Shaft sleeve is placed on the shaft and the supporting structure, and very close to the supporting structure, only the shaft can rotate on the shaft sleeve. In assembling the shaft and the shaft sleeve, both will add lubricant to reduce its rotation friction.

3 Purpose

Special purpose vehicle transmission shaft is mainly used in oil tank truck, tanker trucks, sprinkler, sewage suction truck, fecal suction truck, fire engine, the high-pressure cleaning vehicle, road obstacles cars, high-altitude vehicles, garbage trucks and other vehicles.

4use and maintenance

1 prohibited automobile high speed starting.

The 2is strictly prohibited to screw up the clutch pedal.

3 prohibited overloading, speeding.

4should always check the drive shaft working condition.

5should always check the drive shaft hanger fastening, rubber support is damaged, the drive shaft of each connecting position is loose, the drive shaft deformation.

6 in order to keep the transmission shaft dynamic balance, balance sheet should always pay attention to whether the welding weld. A new transmission shaft assembly is to provide support, in the new transmission shaft loading should

be paid attention to when a telescopic sleeve assembly mark, should ensure that the flange yoke in a plane. In the repair to remove transmission shaft, in the telescopic sleeve and the flange shaft print assembly mark, ready to maintain the original assembly relations unchanged when assembling.

5fault repair

(1) the drive shaft mechanical damage, wear, deformation and loss of balance, will result in vehicle during the running of the abnormal sound and vibration, will lead to serious damage to the relevant parts. Automobile driving, in the initial or quickly issued a " gedeng " sound, but also exhibited significant mechanical loose feeling, if not drive axle gear loose is the drive shaft mechanical looseness. Loose parts are nothing more than a universal joint cross bearing or a steel bowl and a flange yoke, a telescopic sleeve spline shaft and the spline sleeve. Generally speaking, a cross shaft diameter and the bearing space should not be more than0.13MM, flex spline shaft and the spline sleeve meshing clearance should not be greater than0.3mm. Over limit shall repair or replace.

(2) aiming at the transmission shaft wear is generally used in welding, a shaft sleeve, fighting pitting method, but when the material for 45 steel ( tempering ), if only the use of welding processing, can produce the welding stress, in heavy load or high speed running, possibly in a shaft shoulder department of crack and fracture phenomenon, if the stress relief annealing, it is difficult to operate, and the processing cycle is long, maintenance cost is high; when the material is HT200, using cast iron welding is not ideal. Some repair of high technology enterprises will use a brush plating, laser welding, arc welding and welding micro, these repair techniques often require higher demand and high costs.


相关主题