2012北京一模七选五汇编及答案

2012 一模七选五汇编

西城一模

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）

Claustrophobia

Claustrophobia, or fear of enclosed spaces, is one of the most common fears．Claustrophobia can be deep fear or even panic as a result of being in a small space．

Claustrophobia can develop after a troubling childhood experience （such as being trapped in a small space during a childhood game）, or from another unpleasant experience later on in life related to small spaces （such as being stuck in a lift）．_71 This response then becomes programmed in the brain, making an association between being in a tight space and feeling anxious or out-of-control．As a result, the person often develops claustrophobia．According to Mark Powers, Ph．D．, Associate Professor of Psychology at Southern Methodist University," Claustrophobia is a specific fear and not a type of panic disorder．The primary specific danger forecasts for claustrophobia are that either the person will be trapped or run out of air．"

72 Claustrophobia symptoms can include: sweating, accelerated heartbeat, upset stomach, passing out, light-headedness, shaking, breathing problem, etc．

Some common situations can cause anxiety in claustrophobia sufferers．The claustrophobia sufferer will look for an exit when inside a room, avoid driving on the highway or major roads where there is heavy traffic when inside a car, avoid taking lifts when inside a building, or stand near a door when at a party．73

Claustrophobia can have harmful social and psychological effects, since the patient will often avoid situations in which she thinks she will have an anxiety attack, leading to hiding and sadness．

74 According to Dr．Powers, " Exposure treatment, a form of mind-behavioral treatment, usually results in a total reduction in anxiety symptoms if conducted properly．"

Flooding is a type of exposure treatment in which the person is exposed to a situation until the anxiety attack passes; a less extreme form of exposure treatment is counter-conditioning．Counter conditioning includes behavior treatment, as the person is taught visualization and relaxation techniques before being slowly reintroduced to the cause situation．

75 Medications to help treat claustrophobia include things which help to ease the heart pounding often associated with anxiety attacks．

A．The good news is that claustrophobia is very treatable．

B．The past experience can trace back to the moment of birth．

C．According to some doctors, claustrophobia is worse than the fear of heights．

D．When a person experiences such an event, it can often cause a frightening panic attack．E．In extreme cases, the very sight of a closed door can lead to feelings of anxiety in a person．

F．Treatment for claustrophobia can also include medication or a combination of several treatments．

G．When a person with claustrophobia finds herself in a restricted space, her body responds in certain ways．

答案DGEAF

朝阳一模

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）

根据短文内容, 从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Early Childhood Education

Early childhood education is the formal (正规的) teaching and care of young children. It primarily focuses on learning through playing to encourage the child’s different kinds of development. 71

Studies with Head Start programs throughout the United States have shown some evidence that there are quite a few advantages to early childhood education, which can produce significant gains in children’s learning and developme nt. Compared to a child who does not attend pre-school, children completing their early education programs are found to be better at math and reading skills. They are excited to learn and have the tools to do so. 72 These children are more competent in their pre-school, kindergarten and school-age years, and they are usually reported as “friendlier” by p arents and the children’s peers (同伴).

73 In studies with matched control groups, more students who had early schooling experiences were employed at the age of 19, fewer were on welfare, and fewer were involved with the criminal activity. What’s more, some studies show that children attending pre-school are more likely to graduate and have higher education, and be well integrated (综合) as an adult.

Early childhood education gives most children a jump-start on education for their kindergarten and primary school years. It is clear that early childhood education can have some great benefits for children. 74 If early childhood education is less effective, perhaps the best model is finding strategies for allowing a parent to stay home with his or her child for at least the first two to three years. Also important is considering a child’s own personality. 75

A. The long-term influence of early education is significant as well.

B. They can benefit greatly from encouragement in their early childhood.

C. Y et its quality must be assessed to see what kind of benefits it actually provides.

D. They are also able to relate to others in a superior way and that improves their social skills.

E. Many experts of education have concerned about what early childhood education means today.

F. Individual differences in children mean that not all children will get equal benefits from early childhood education.

G. It consists of activities that serve children in the pre-school years and is designed to improve later school performance.

答案71. G 72. D 73. A74. C 75. F

东城一模

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）

The War Against Sand

Imagine living on the edge of a vast desert, which is moving quietly closer to your village every day and covering your fields. The desert is on the move. This is called desertification.

Desertification occurs in regions close to an already existing desert. 71 The first is over-use of water in the area. There is not enough water in any case, and if it is not carefully used, disaster can follow. As time goes on, water shortages make farming more and more difficult. In some places, locals can remember local lakes and marshes which were once the homes for all kinds of fish and birds. 72 Farmers leave the land, and fields are replaced by deserts.

The second cause is misuse or over-use of the land. 73 Ploughing(耕) large fields and removing bushes and trees means that the wind will blow away the soil. Once the soil is lost, it is hard to replace, and if there is rain, it has nowhere to go, and brings no benefit.

74 Every spring, the skies over some of eastern cities, thousands of kilometers away from the deserts, can be darkened by sandstorms. Dust from deserts can have a great effect on weather systems. While desertification is perhaps being partly caused by global warming, these sandstorms can make global warming worse by adding to what is known as the greenhouse effect.

What can be done to slow down or stop the process of desertification? A great deal of work is already under way. Obviously first steps are to find new water sources. 75 Some types of grass also hold the soil together, and stop the wind taking it. Without these efforts, it will be harder and harder to stop the world’s deserts in their tracks, an d more and more farmers will give up and head for cities. The lesson to be learnt lies beneath the sand.

A. It generally arises from two related causes.

B. It is not only the farmers and villagers who suffer.

C. They have been completely buried by the sand now.

D. Scientists are doing the research on the cause of desertification.

E. They destroy the land, as the soil dries out and is then blown away.

F. Tree planting can help, by providing barriers between desert and rich field.

G. This means that the wrong crops are planted, and need more water than is available.

71．A72．C 73．G 74．B 75．F

丰台

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Should Good Sportsmanship Be Taught in School?

Almost everyone feels that it is important for young people to win fairly and show respect toward others．Should good sportsmanship, then, be taught in school? Critics do not think so．71 Presented here are the most important benefits of teaching sportsmanship．Teaching good sportsmanship and having a positive attitude in activities like sports, class elec tions, and science fair competitions are critical to success in school．72 Acting calmly under pressure helps young adults succeed not only in sports but also in life．

73 A person cannot play by the rules if he or she does not understand what the rules are．Knowing the rules also applies to other activities．If students enter a science fair competition, for example, they must follow the guidelines．Those who know the rules are much more likely to succeed．When students learn sportsmanship, they discover, how knowing the rules relates to achievement．[来源:学科网]

Good players become skilled at handling responsibility．When people accept responsibility, they achieve their best．Positive thinkers, moreover, influence others, especially those who are struggling with a problem．A gifted basketball player, for example, might teach skills to a less-talented player．Helping others raises the performance of the entire team．The team, consequently, could reach new heights and set new records．74 Those who do not practice sportsmanship pass off responsibility．For them, if an opportunity is lost, it is someone else' s fault．When student s participate on a team, they benefit by learning to accept responsibility, encourage others and own up to mistakes．

Sportsmanship is a winning idea．It must be taught in school．Students need direction to become good sports"．Students will be responsible for their own actions and will have a positive influence on others．As students enter the workforce, businesses benefit．The community also benefits because these students will someday become leaders．75

A．We need to educate students about how sportsmanship pays off for everyone．

B．However, the stronger argument favors teaching good sportsmanship．

C．Sports help young adults learn how to team up with others．

D．Good sportsmanship also means admitting mistakes．

E．Activities involving winning or losing can be tense．

F．It is natural that players should be eager to win．

G．Good team players know the rules of the game．

BEGDA

海淀一模

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

If you have ever been in a school play or even made believe you were a doctor, detective, or a space traveler, you know the enjoyment that acting brings. Almost all of us have the wish to play the part of someone—or something—else. 71

In the ancient world, acting was often associated with religious ceremonies and other special occasions. As far back as 2200 B.C. trained Chinese actors performed ceremonial dances in costume and makeup at harvest festivals. 72 To the dance was gradually added pantomime—the imitation of movements and gestures—as well as the wearing of masks, the singing of chants, and finally the use of dialogue.

While acting was coming into its own in the ancient Chinese classical theatre, it was doing the same in the western world, in Greece. From about 500 B.C. on, acting became a highly specialized art in Greece. Greek actors, however, still wore masks, and their motions were largely fixed by custom. 73

Modern acting, by contrast, gives the individual actor great opportunity to develop his or her personal talents for serious, comic, or musical drama. The names, faces, and styles of famous movie actors are known worldwide. 74 A special form of acting takes place in radio drama, which was highly popular before television. In radio drama the actors face an unique challenge. They are unseen by their audience. So they must rely on voice alone to make their characters real to the listeners.

75 Only forty percent of Broadway actors are employed, most of them for only part of the year. Those who become stars need not only talent, but determination. They must not be easily discouraged. Otherwise, they might give up before the opportunity for stardom presents itself.

A. The origins of acting are in the act of remembering.

B. Drama in Greece began with festivals honoring Dionysus.

C. It is believed that this was the first step in the development of acting.[来源:Z x x k.Co m]

D. Historical records indicate that this desire is as old as civilization itself.

E. Acting is not, as many people think, a quick, easy road to fame and riches.

F. Broadway and television provide other stages on which actors can display their talent.

G. Consequently, they had little opportunity to demonstrate their individual personalities.[来源:Z x x k.C o m]

71.D 72. C 73. G 74. F 75. E

石景山

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Meaning of Happiness

"Are you happy?" I asked my brother, Lan, one day,

"Yes．No．It depends what you mean," he said．

"Then tell me," I said, "when was the last time you think you were happy?"

"April 1967,"he said,

It served me right for putting a serious question to someone who has joked his way through life．But Lan's answer reminded me that when we think about happiness, we usually think of something extraordinary, a pinnacle（顶点）of sheer （纯粹的）delight, 71

72 I remember playing police and robbers in the woods, getting a speaking part in the school play．Of course, kids also experience lows, but their delight at such peaks of pleasure as winning a race or getting a new bike is unreserved．

In the teenage years, the concept of happiness changes．73 I can still feel the pain of not being invited to a party that almost everyone else was going to．I also remember the great happiness of being invited at another event to dance with a ve ry handsome young man．In adulthood the things that bring great joy —birth, love, marriage —also bring responsibility and the risk of loss．Love may not last; loved ones die．For adults, happiness is complex．

My dictionary defines "happy" as "lucky" or "fortunate"．But I think a better definition of happiness is "the ability to enjoy something"．74 It's easy to overlook the pleasure we get from loving and being loved, the company of friends, the freedom to live where we please, even good health．

While happiness may be more complex for us, the solution is the same as ever．Happiness isn't about what happens to us; it's the ability to find a positive for every negative, and view a difficulty as a challenge．75

A．For a child, happiness has a magic quality．

B．Y ou never know where happiness will turn up next．

C．So we chase it and make it equal to wealth and success．

D．And those pinnacles seem to get rarer, the older we get．

E．The more we can enjoy what we have, the happier we are．

F．It's not wishing for what we don't have, but enjoying what we do possess．

G．Suddenly it's conditional on such things as excitement, love, and popularity．

DAGEF