考博英语(阅读理解)-试卷80.doc

考博英语（阅读理解）-试卷80

(总分：40.00，做题时间：90分钟)

一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：40.00)

Too much alcohol dulls your senses, but a study in Japan shows that moderate drinkers have a higher IQ than teetotalers. Researchers at the National Institute for Longevity Sciences in Aichi Prefecture, 250 kilometers west of Tokyo, tested the IQs of 2000 people between the ages of 40 and 79. They found that, on average, men who drank moderately — defined as less than 540 milliliters of sake or wine a day — had an IQ that was 3. 3 points higher that men who did not drink at all. Women drinkers scored 2. 5 points higher than female teetotalers. The type of alcohol didn't influence the results. The volunteers tried a variety of tipples, which ranged from beer and whisky to wine and sake. The researchers are quick to point out that the results do not necessarily show that drinking will make you more intelligent. "It's very difficult to show a cause-effect relationship," says senior researcher Hiroshi Shimokata. "We screened subjects for factors such as income and education, but there may be other factors such as lifestyle and nutritional intake. " Shimokata says that people who drink sake, or Japanese rice wine, tend to eat more raw fish. This could be a factor in enhanced intelligence, as fish often contain essential fatty acids that have been linked to brain development. Similarly, wine drinkers eat a lot of cheese, which is not something Japanese people normally consume or buy. Shimokata says the high fat content of cheese is thought to be good for the brain. If alcoholic drinks are directly influencing IQ, Shimokata believes chemicals such as polyphenols could be the critical factor. They are known to have antioxidant properties and other beneficial effects on ageing bodies, such as dilating constricted coronary arteries. The study is part of a wider research project to find out why brain function deteriorates with age.（分数：10.00）

(1).The Japanese study was carried out on______.（分数：2.00）

A.the development of IQ

B.the secret of longevity

C.the brain food in a glass

D.the amount of healthy drinking

(2).The Japanese researchers found a higher IQ in______.（分数：2.00）

A.female teetotalers than in male ones

B.female drinkers than in male ones

C.moderate drinkers

D.teetotalers

(3).When he says that it is very difficult to show cause-effect relationship, Shimokata means that______.（分数：2.00）

A.the study failed to involve such variables as income and education

B.he is doubtful of the findings of the investigation

C.there are some other contributing factors

D.the results were just misleading

(4).From Shimokata's mention of fish and cheese we can infer that in enhancing intelligence______.（分数：2.00）

A.sake or wine is a perfect match for fish and cheese

B.they promote the drinking effect of sake or wine

C.they are not as effective as sake and wine

D.sake or wine is not alone

(5).Based on the study, Shimokata would say that______.（分数：2.00）

A.intelligence improves with age

B.IQ can be enhanced in one way or another

C.polyphenols in alcohol may boost the brain

D.Alcoholic drinks will make you more intelligent

There is currently abroad a new wave of appreciation for breadth of knowledge. Curricula at universities and colleges and programs in federal agencies extol(赞扬)the virtues of a broad education. For scientists who work in specialized jobs, it is a pleasure to escape in our spare time to read broadly in fields distant from our own. Some of us have made interdisciplinary study in our occupation, which is no surprise, because much of the intellectual action in our society today lies at the interfaces between traditional disciplines. Environmental science is a good example, because it frequently requires us to be conversant in several different sciences and even some unscientific fields. Experiencing this breadth of knowledge is stimulating, but so is delving deeply into a subject. Both are wonderful experiences that are complementary practical and aesthetic(美学的)ways. They are like viewing the marvelous sculpture of knowledge in two different ways. Look at the sculpture from one perspective and you see the piece in its entirety, how its components connect to give it form, balance, and symmetry. From another viewpoint you see its detail, depth, and mass. There is no need to choose between these two perspectives in art. To do so would subtract from the totality of the figure. So it is with science. Sometimes we gaze through a subject and are reluctant to stop for too much detail. As chemists, we are fascinated by computer sciences or molecular genetics, but not enough to become an expert. Or we may be interested in an analytical technique but not enough to stay at its cutting edge. At other times, we become immersed in the detail of a subject and see its beauty in an entirely different way than when we browse. It is as if we penetrate the surface of the sculpture and pass through the crystal structure to the molecular level where the code for the entire structure is revealed. Unfortunately, in our zeal for breadth or depth, we often feel that it is necessary to diminish the value of the other. Specialists are sometimes ridiculed with names such as "nerd" or "technocrats" , generalists are often criticized for being too "soft" or knowing too little about any one thing. Both are ludicrous(可笑的)accusations that deny a part of the reality of environmental science. Let us not be divided by our passion for depth or breadth. The beauty that awaits us on either route is too precious to stifle, too wonderful to diminish by bickering(争吵).（分数：10.00）

(1).From a broad education to interdisciplinary study, we can see____.（分数：2.00）

A.the integration of theory with practice

B.the enthusiasm for breadth of knowledge

C.the rapid division of traditional disciplines

D.the confrontation between specialists and generalists

(2).The commentator would say that the totality of the sculpture of knowledge____.（分数：2.00）

A.is mainly composed of two elements

B.presents two different points of view

C.cannot be perceived from one perspective

D.is a whole made up of complementary elements

(3).Just because we become engrossed in the detail of a subject, according to the comment, does not mean that we____.（分数：2.00）

A.can have an understanding of it

B.will develop into an expert

C.will perceive its entirety

D.are interested in it

(4).It is commentator's contention that neither specialists nor generalists____.（分数：2.00）

A.have zeal for the totality of the knowledge sculpture

B.represent the depth and breadth of knowledge

C.are necessarily supposed to belittle the other

D.can be qualified as environmental scientists

(5).Which of the following can be the best title for the comment?（分数：2.00）

A.Interdisciplinary Study as Our Occupation.

B.Breath and Depth of Knowledge.

C.The Ways of Doing Science.

D.The Beauty of Science.

An abandoned airfield near a former Nazi concentration tramp may soon feature pagodas and Tai Chi parks. A $ 700 million project aims to give Germany its own Chinatown 22 miles north of Berlin in the town of Oranienburg, housing 2, 000 residents by 2010. The investor group behind the scheme hopes the new Chinatown will attract tourists and business to rival the famed Chinatowns of San Francisco and New York by delivering an "authentic Chinese experience. " "You'll be able to experience China, go out for a Chinese meal, and buy Chinese goods," says Stefan Kunigam, managing director of Bandenburg-China-Project-Management GmbH. The project has attracted investors in both Germany and China, reports Christoph Lang of Berlin's Trade and Industry promotion Office. "Chinese investors have already asked if we have a Chinatown here. " He says. " The cultural environment is very important for them. You cannot build a synthetic Chinatown. " Germany is home to about 72,000 Chinese migrants(2002 Federal Statistical Office figures), but the country has not had a Chinatown since the early 1930s in Hamburg, when most of the city's 2,000 Chinese residents fled or were arrested by the Nazis. German's more-recent history with anti-foreigner extremism remains a problem even within the government, reports Deutsche Welle(DW), Germany's international broadcaster. DW notes that National Democratic Party lawmaker Holger Apfel's xenophobic(恐外的)comments about "state-subsidized Oriental mega-families" at first went largely uncriticized. "Every fourth German harbors anti-foreigner sentiments," DW quotes Miriam Gruss, a Free Democratic Party parliamentarian. "Right-wing extremism is clearly rooted in the middle of society. It's not a minor phenomenon. " The German government initiated a special youth for Democracy and Tolerance program in January 2007 as part of its tolerance-building efforts. While it is not clear how many Chinese migrants will ultimately settle in the new German Chinatown, developers hope the project will increase Germans' understanding for China and Chinese culture.（分数：10.00）

(1).If set up, according to the passage, the new German Chinatown will probably be______.（分数：2.00）

A.a rival to the Chinatowns of San Francisco and New York

B.mainly made of pagodas and Tai Chi parks

C.located in the north suburbs of Berlin

D.the biggest one in Germany

(2).When he says that you cannot build a synthetic Chinatown, Lang means______.（分数：2.00）

A.the real imported goods made in China

B.the authoritative permission for the project

C.the importance of the location for a Chinatown

D.the authentic environment to experience Chinese culture

(3).By mentioning the population of Chinese migrants in Germany, the author most probably means that______.（分数：2.00）

A.it is too late to build a Chinatown

B.it is their desire to save a Chinatown

C.it is important to create jobs for them

D.it is necessary to have a Chinatown there

(4).According to the passage, German anti-foreigner extremism______.（分数：2.00）

A.can seed the new community with hatred

B.could be an obstacle to the project

C.will absolutely kill the plan

D.is growing for the scheme

(5).The message from the plan is clear: ______.（分数：2.00）

A.to build a new community

B.to fight against right-wing extremism

C.to promote more cultural understanding

D.to increase Chinese's understanding of Germany

Whatever happened to the death of newspaper? A year ago the end seemed near. The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the Internet. Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom. America's Federal Trade commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers. Should they become charitable corporations? Should the state subsidize them ? It will hold another meeting soon. But the discussions now seem out of date. In much of the world there is the sign of crisis. German and Brazilian papers have shrugged off the recession. Even American newspapers, which inhabit the most troubled come of the global industry, have not only survived but often returned to profit. Not the 20% profit margins that were routine a few years ago, but profit all the same. It has not been much fun. Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard. The American Society of News Editors reckons that 13, 500 newsroom jobs have gone since 2007. Readers are paying more for slimmer products. Some papers even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs. Yet these desperate measures have proved the right ones and, sadly for many journalists, they can be pushed further. Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses, with a healthier mix of revenues from readers and advertisers. American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads. Fully 87% of their revenues came from advertising in 2008, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development(OECD). In Japan the proportion is 35%. Not surprisingly, Japanese newspapers are much more stable. The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody, but much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspaper are least distinctive. Car and film reviewers have gone. So have science and general business reporters. Foreign bureaus have been savagely cut off. Newspapers are less complete as a result. But completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business.（分数：10.00）

(1).By saying "Newspapers like ... their own doom"(Para. 1), the author indicates that newspaper______.（分数：2.00）

A.neglected the sign of crisis

B.failed to get state subsidies

C.were not charitable corporations

D.were in a desperate situation

(2).Some newspapers refused delivery to distant suburbs probably because______.（分数：2.00）

A.readers threatened to pay less

B.newspapers wanted to reduce costs

C.journalists reported little about these areas

D.subscribers complained about slimmer products

(3).Compared with their American counterparts, Japanese newspapers are much more stable because they______.（分数：2.00）

A.have more sources of revenue

B.have more balanced newsrooms

C.are less dependent on advertising

D.Readers have lost their interest in car and film reviews

(4).What can be inferred from the last paragraph about the current newspaper business?（分数：2.00）

A.Distinctiveness is an essential feature of newspapers.

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/0e9703544.html,pleteness is to blame for the failure of newspaper.

C.Foreign bureaus play a crucial role in the newspaper business.

D.Readers have lost their interest in car and film reviews.

(5).The most appropriate title for this text would be______.（分数：2.00）

A.American Newspapers: Struggling for Survival

B.American Newspapers: Gone with the Wind

C.American Newspapers: A Thriving Business

D.American Newspapers: A Hopeless Story

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考博英语历年真题 北大2013年考博士英语真题及答案 Part Two:Structure and Written Expression20 Directions:In each question decide which of four choices given will most suita bly complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked.Mark your choices on the ANSWERSHEET. 21.The nuclear family__________a self-contained,self-satisfying unit compose d of father,mother and children. A.refers to B.defines C.describes D.devotes to 22.Some polls show that roughly two-thirds of the general public believe that e lderly Americans are________by social isolation and loneliness. A.reproach ed B.favored C.plagued D.reprehended 23.In addition to bettering group and individual performance,cooperation_____ ___the quality of interpersonal relationship. A.ascends https://www.sodocs.net/doc/0e9703544.html,pels C.enhances D.prefers 24.In the past50years,there________a great increase in the amount of resea rch_____on the human brain. A.was…did B.has been…to be done C.was…doing D.has been…done 25. “I must have eaten something wrong.I feel like_____.”“We told you not t o eat at a restaurant.You’ d better_______at hom e when you are not in the shape.” A.to throw up… to eat B.throwing up…eating C.to throw up…eat D.throwing up…eat 26.Parent shave to show due concerns to their children’ s creativity and emotional output;otherwise what they think beneficial to t he kids might probably_______their enthusiasm and aspirations. A.hold back B.hold to C.hold down D.hold over 27.According to psychoanalysis,a person’ s attention is attracted________by the intensity of different signals____ ____by their context,significance,and information content. A.not less than…as B.as…just as C.so much…as D.not so much… as28.They moved to Portland in1998and lived in a big house,_______to the south. A.the windows of which opened B.the windows of it opened C. its windows opened D.the windows of which opening 29.The lady who has_______for a night in the dead of the winter later turned o ut to be a distant relation of his. A.put him up B.put him out C.put him on D.put him in30.By standers, _______,_________as they walked past lines of ambulances. A.bloody and cov ered with dust,looking dazed B.bloodied and covered with dust,looked daze

考博英语(阅读理解)-试卷80.doc

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