新编大学英语教案(第二册)_Unit 2 Communication Problems
Unit Two
Communication problems
T eaching Objectives
1. Let the students have some ideas of the common ways we usually use in our daily life to communicate.
2. Make the students find the efficient ways to communicate with each other.
3. Let the students come up with the ways to avoid misunderstandings.
T eaching allotment
six academic hours
Focus points
1.key words and phrases
assume, conflict, convey, emphasis, ignore, misinterpret, react, verge, feel like, for effect, on the verge of, pull out, take----lightly
2.difficult sentences
1) When Martians and V enusians first got together, they encountered many of the problems with relationships we have today.
2) So when communication problems emerged, they assumed it was just one of those expected misunderstandings and that with a little assistance they would surely understand each other.
3) To fully express their feelings, women would tend to exaggerate the facts a little bit for effect and use various superlatives, metaphors, and generalizations.
3.grammar focus
prefix “mis---”的不同意义
Related Information
It is well-known that learning a second language is never easy, and, generally speaking, the older one is when one attempts a new language, the more difficult it becomes. This is at least partly due to what is known as language interference, meaning that the linguistic patterns of our first language interfere with those of the second because no two languages have exactly the same sounds and grammatical structures. The English language has a very large vocabulary because it has incorporated words from many other languages over the centuries. This is nowhere more apparent than in its color words. For example, there are many words that express the color “purple”, describing its different shades and hues: mauve, violet, lilac, or lavender. An interesting linguistic gender difference among native speakers of English is the likelihood of women using these color terms to differentiate between shades of purple, whereas, men will be satisfied with the one word “purple”. This is true of other color words too.
Basing on what mentioned above, when learning a language, we sometimes need to pay attention to which sex uses which words, particularly when we reach an advanced stage where we are adding many new words to our vocabulary and want to use them accurately. We also need to pay attention to some of the multiple meanings that words have, as well as to their connotations.
Suggested Class Activities
1. Warming-up activity: How to communicate efficiently
Purpose: Inform the students the efficient way to communicate with each other
Step 1Discuss in groups about the common ways we usually use in our daily life to communicate and try to list both their advantages and disadvantages.
Step 2 Make a comparison between them and decide which is the most efficient way for us to communicate with others.
Step 3Ask some of the students to give their ideas in public and point out the necessary points they should know in daily communication.
Suggested words/expressions:
admirable/neglect/comprehend/over-crowded/distinguish----from/hold back/in a different light/turn out.
2. In-class reading activity: What can we get from communication
Purpose: Inform the students the good points of communication
Step 1.Discuss in groups why we need to communicate with others
Step 2. Try to analyze what communication has brought to us
Step 3.Then make sure what we should learn from communicating with others
Suggested words/expressions:
foreigner/uncommon/feel like/for effect/on the verge of/pull out
Further development:
How to avoid misunderstandings in communication
After reading this unit, we may know that in our communications misunderstandings are quite common, so work in groups to come up with the ways to avoid misunderstandings and make it on your exercise book.
In-Class Reading
Words and phrases
1.assume v.1) believe something is true without definite proof
e.g. Y ou assumed his innocence / him to be innocent /that hi is innocent before hearing
the evidence against him.
He is not such a fool as you assumed him to be.
assuming that---：假定----
e.g. Assuming that you are right about this, what shall we do?
2) to take up or undertake
e.g. Y ou will assume your new responsibilities tomorrow.
assumption : n. sth. taken for granted ; sth. supposed but not proved
e.g. Don’t rely on the information she gave you---it’s pure assumption on her part.
on the assumption that----以---为设想根据
e.g. Let’s work on the assumption that our proposal will be accepted.
Exercise:
1) 他并非如你所以为的那样愚蠢。
(He is not such a fool as you assumed him to be.）
2) 他们认为战争会迅速结束的想法是错误的。
(Their assumption that the war would end quickly was proved wrong.)
2.conflict: 1)n. a) a state of disagreement or argument between people, groups, countries, etc.
e.g. The two parties have been in conflict since the election.
The governor’s refusal to apply the law brought him in conflict with the federal
government.
b) (a ) war or battle; struggle
e.g. This is a serious dispute, and could lead to armed conflict.
2) v. ( with) to be in opposition; disagree
e.g. conflicting opinions/ advice/ evidence
Do British immigration laws conflict with any international laws?
be in conflict (with) : not agree (with)
Exercise:英译汉;汉译英
1) a long-drawn-out conflict between employers and workers (劳资之间拖延甚久的争执)
2) 他们对于战争起因的报道与我们的相反。
(Their account of the causes of the war conflicts with ours.)
3.emphasis: n. special importance placed on something
e.g. a new economic policy, with a greater emphasis on reducing inflation
lay (place, put) emphasis on (upon)
e.g. Our English course places/ lays/ puts great emphasis on conversational skills.
emphasize v. to place emphasis on
e.g. He thumbed the table with his hand to emphasize what he was saying.
emphatic adj. done or expressed with emphasis; forceful
Exercise:
1) 有些学校特别重视语言的学习。
(Some schools lay special emphasis on language study.）
2 He emphasized the importance of careful driving.
(他强调小心驾驶的重要。）
4. encounter 1) v. a) experience sth., esp. problems or opposition
e.g. The more dangers we encounter, the harder we should push forward.
b) meet, esp. unexpectedly; come upon
e.g. Y esterday, I encountered an old friend on the street.
I first encountered him when studying at Cambridge.
2) n. a meeting, esp. one that is unplanned, unexpected, or brief
e.g. She didn’t remember our encounter last summer.
A bus ride from New Y ork to Miami brings encounters with all kinds of people. encounter with: sudden or unexpected (esp. hostile) meeting
e.g. I had frightening encounter with a poisonous snake.
Exercise:
这位年轻的科学家在探险中遇到了许多困难。
(The young scientists encountered many difficulties during their exploration.)
5. misinterpret: understand or explain wrongly
mis-:prefix 1) bad or badly
e.g. misfortune (bad luck) /misbehave (behave badly)
2) wrong or wrongly
e.g. misinterpret/ misunderstand/ mislead/ misguide
3)show an opposite or the lack of sth.
e.g. mistrust
6. tend/ intend
tend v. to have a tendency or disposition to do or be sth.; be inclined
e.g. The machine does tend to overheat.
She tends to be nervous before her lectures.
intend v. have in mind; plan
e.g. Today, I intend to finish reading this book.
We intend this news report as teaching material for freshmen.
Exercise:
1) Farmers ____ use more machinery now. ( tend to; intend to) tend to
2) Children _____ like action movie. (tend to; intend to) tend to
7. react v. 1) respond (to. against)
e.g. The government has reacted to the outbreak of violence by sending army patrol to
police the area.
Children tend to react against their parents by going against their wishes.
2) (cause to) undergo a reaction (with, on )
e.g. An acid can react with a base to form a salt.
reaction n.
e.g. action and reaction作用与反作用
What’s your reaction to the news?
Exercise:
1) It was difficult to guess what her _______ to the news would be.
A. feelings
B. comment
C. opinion
D. reaction (D )
2) 这个公司对于批评做出了反应，迅速提高了公司形象。
(The company reacted to criticism and improved its image shortly.）
Phrases and expressions:
1.feel like 1)feel as if
e.g. They are very kind to me and that made me feel like one family.
2) give you a particular feeling
e.g. The surface feels like silk.
3) want to have sth. or do sth.
e.g. We’ll go out for a walk if you feel like it.
2.for effect: for impressing people or drawing attention
e.g. He said that completely for effect.
in effect : in fact; (of a rule, law, etc.) in operation
e.g. The rule is still in effect.
Exercise:
1) Don’t pay any attention to him---he’s only doing it ____.( for effect; in effect) (for effect)
2)The old system of taxation will remain ___until next May.( for effect; in effect) ( in effect)
3.lead to: cause
e.g. This led to great confusion.
Chapter One describes the events that led to the war.
Exercise:汉译英：这个丑闻使他不得不辞职。
(The scandal led to him resigning.）
4.on the verge of: very close to, on the border of, about to do sth.
e.g. The country is on the verge of disaster.
Exercise: 汉译英：他父母快要离婚了。
( His parents are on the verge of divorce.)
5.pull out 1) take sth. out of a bag, pocket, or cupboard
e.g. Sam had to pull out his so-called lost necklace at the last moment.
2) use force to take sth. from where it is fixed or held
e.g. He had to have his decayed teeth pulled out.
3) drive onto a road from another road or from where one has stopped; ( of a train )leave
a station
e.g. The driver pulled out from behind the lorry.
When we arrived at the railway station the train had pulled out.
pull in（车）进站，停站；（船）到岸，靠岸
pull on穿、戴（袜子，手套等）；继续拉（或划）
pull through（使）渡过危机（危险等），帮助—通过考试等；（使）恢复健康
Exercise:
1) When he found the attacker, he tried to _____his sword but failed.
A. pulled out
B. pulled on
C. pulled through
D. pulled over (A )
2) 是医生帮他恢复了健康。
It is the doctor who helped him pull through.
6.take---lightly : treat sth. in a way that shows you think it is not important or serious
e.g. He is a millionaire and he takes losing a diamond lightly.
Exercise: 汉译英：
那个地区太贫穷了人们连赚十元钱都非常重视。
(People in that area are too poor to take earning ten yuan lightly. )
Language points
1.When Martians and V enusians first got together, they encountered many of the problems with
relationships we have today.
Explanation:
1) get together: to have a meeting or party 聚会，相聚
e.g. When can we get together for a drink? 我们何时能聚在一起喝一杯。
2) encounter : v. experience something, esp. problems or opposition（反对意见）遭遇，遇到
meet , esp. unexpectedly; come upon 偶然遇见，突然遇到
e.g. The more danger we encounter, the harder we should push forward.
The young scientists encountered many difficulties during their exploration.
Y esterday, I encountered an old friend on the street.
I first encountered him when studying at Cambridge.
n. 相遇，邂逅
e.g. She didn’t remember our encounter last summer.
3) problem: 我们面临的最大难题：the biggest problem we face
我们遇到的大难题：sth. poses a serious problem
练习：我们面临的最大难题是缺乏训练有素的职工。
The biggest problem we face is the shortage of trained staff.
缺乏训练有素的职工是我们遇到的大难题。
The shortage of trained staff poses (cause us to have) a serious problem.
4) 辩析：relationship, relation and relations
All three words can be used to suggest a connection between people or things.
Relationship, when used of people, suggests a close connection with strong feelings.
e.g. her relationship with her husband
Both relationship and relation can be used of things that depend on each other.
e.g. the relationship/relation between temperature and humidity. 温度和湿度的关系Relations can be used of a more formal or distant relationship between people or groups
e.g. Relations between our countries are improving.
Paraphrase: When Martians and V enusians have a meeting for the first time, they met many of the problems with relationships that still exists today.
2. So when communication problems emerged, they assumed it was just one of those expected misunderstandings and that with a little assistance they would surely understand each other. Explanation:
1)emerge: appear or come out from somewhere
e.g. The sun emerged from behind the clouds.
The ship emerged from behind the fog.
If facts emerge, they become known after being hidden or secret
Eventually the truth emerged.
Later it emerged that the boss had been employing an illegal immigrant.
2)misunderstanding:
mis-: prefix a) bad or badly
e.g. misfortune (bad luck) misbehave (behave badly)
b) wrong or wrongly
e.g. misinterpret misunderstanding mislead misguide
c) show an opposite or the lack of something e.g. mistrust
3.For example, when a woman says, “I feel like you never listen,” she does not expect the word
“never” to be taken literally.
Explanation:
take: to have the stated feelings as to; consider 对…产生…感觉,认为,视为
e.g. I always take your suggestions seriously.
I took your nod as a sign of approval /to mean that you approved.
Of course I didn’t tell her your secret--- what do you take me for (= what sort of person do you think I am)? 我当然没有把你的秘密告诉她，你把我当什么人了？
I take it (=I suppose) you’ll be making a complaint about her behavior.
我想你要对她的行为进行投诉吧。
Paraphrase: For example, when a woman says she felt as if her husband had never listened to what she said, complaining about not being paying enough attention, she does not expect the word never to be understood according to its most original meaning.
4.To fully express their feelings, women would tend to exaggerate the facts a little bit for effect and
use various superlatives, metaphors, and generalizations.
Explanation:
tend: 1) to have a tendency, be likely to do sth
e.g. Jane tends to get very angry when if you disagree with her.
It tends to rain here a lot in the spring.
The sort of music they play varies, but tends towards jazz.
2) to move or develop one’s course in a certain direction 朝着…方向发展,通向
e.g. Interest rates are tending upwards. 利率正在上升.
Paraphrase: In order to express their feelings more completely, women are likely to exaggerate the
facts a little bit to draw attention and use various superlatives, metaphors, and generations.
5.Because they misunderstand the intended meaning, they commonly react in an unsupportive
manner.
I feel as though you don’t fully understand what I really mean to say or care about how I feel. Explanation: intend to do sth. :
类似表达:
mean to do sth: to intend to do something, especially something that you do not do, because you forget, or because you do not have a chance to do it.
e.g. I meant to ask you to buy some potatoes on your way home but I forgot.
I’ve been meaning to phone you all week.
be looking to do sth: to intend to achieve something that you are sure you can achieve
e.g. The company is looking to increase its sales in Europe during the next two years.
set out to do sth: to decide to do something and make plans in order to try and achieve it, especially in a very determined way
e.g. The Allied forces in the Gulf War achieved most of what they set out to do.
Words for describing someone who intends to be helpful or kind, but in fact causes problems:
mean well well-meaning good intentions well-intentioned well meant
mean well: The problem with James is that he means well but he’s very tactless and insensitive.
well-meaning:Newspapers regularly accuse the health minister of being well-meaning but ineffective.
good intentions: Good intentions are not enough. Make an exercise programme for yourself and keep to it.
well-intentioned: Well-intentioned grandparents sometimes interfere with a mother’s way of bringing up her children.
well-meant: recent changes in housing policy, though well-meant, have done more harm than good.
6.A man’s literal translation of “I don’t feel heard” leads him to take the woman’s complaint lightly. Paraphrase: When a man understands the woman’s complaint “I don’t feel heard” literally, it would result in his not paying attention to the woman’s true feelings.
Explanation:
take…lightly: treat something in a way that shows you think it is not important or serious.
e.g. He must have plenty of money if he can take losing $500 so lightly.
take…seriously: treat something in a way that shows you think it is important or serious
e.g. Strategically we despise difficulties, and tactically we take them seriously.
Organization of the passage:
Part one (para. 1-3): How Martians and V enusians, the imaginary people who speak different languages communicate successfully.
Part two (para. 4-8): How the communications problems occur when men and women, especially men interpret what a woman said literally, which is largely due to a lack of mutual
trust and acceptance.
Part three (para. 9): When men and women are about to argue, it is important to rethink what they have heard.
Main idea:
Martians and V enusians encountered many of the problems with relationships we have today. Because they recognized they different, they were able to solve these problems. One of the secrets of their success was good communication. When communication problems emerged, they assumed that with a little assistance of a translator they would surely understand each other. That’s why they experienced a trust and acceptance that we rarely experience today.
Men and women seldom mean the same things even when they use the same words. Women would tend to exaggerate the facts a little bit for effect and use various superlatives, metaphors and generalizations. Men commonly react in an unsupportive manner, because they mistakenly take these expressions literally. So it is important to rethink or translate what they have heard to avoid misunderstanding.
Paragraph for recitation:Paragraph 6,7,8 and 9
Questions to be answered:
Why speaking different languages would not cause misunderstanding in this passage?
What is the real reason that caused the misunderstanding between a man and a woman?
After-class reading
Passage One
Decide whether the following are true or false according to the passage.
1.In school, the author was in an English as a Foreign Language class with other foreign-born
children. (F)
2.The author’s mother had to work in a Chinese-speaking environment because she was from China.
(F)
3.The author’s mother believed that it was possible to learn English. (T)
4.The reading also helped the author’s mother learn English so that she was able to pass the
university entrance exam. (F)
5.It has been eight years since they began to learn English together. (F)
Passage Two:
Answer the questions according to the passage.
1.What was in the restroom?
2.How long did the police search the bus?
3. Did the man want to fly from Los Angeles to Auckland, New Zealand?
4.When did the Korean woman realize the real question her boss asked?
5.How did the airline treat the man who traveled to Auckland instead of Oakland at last?
Keys：
1.A bum.
2.For two hours.
3.No, he didn’t.
4. At five o’clock, when she was getting ready to go home.
5. The airline paid for the man’s hotel room and meals in New Zealand and for his flight back to California.
T ranslation：省略介词和连词
英译汉：
1. No matter whether you believe me or not, I saw it with my own eyes.
翻译：信不信由你，我亲眼见的这件事。
2. He will do it even if he gets scolded.
翻译：挨骂他也要做那件事。
3. There must be some people in the room, for I heard a voice.
翻译：屋里准有人，我听见有人声。
4. I should like to make a brief statement regarding some of the considerations leading to our affirmative vote.
翻译：我想简单谈一谈使我们投赞成票的理由。
5. Trees grow along both banks of the canal.
翻译：运河两岸长着树木。
6. With the weather so stuffy, ten to one it will rain presently.
翻译：天这样闷，很可能就要下雨了。
汉译英：
1. 向左转弯，就可以远远看到我们学院。
翻译：If you turn to the left, you will find our institute at a distance.
2.冬天已经来了，春天还会远吗？
翻译：If winter comes, can spring be far behind?
3. 虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。
翻译：Modesty helps a person to make progress whereas conceit makes a person lag behind.
4. 给我时间，我就能完成这项工作。
翻译：I can finish the work so long as you give me time.
5. 他们的语音有了很大进步。
翻译：They have made a great deal of progress in pronunciation.
Writing
本文是一篇说明文。文章采用了比较法、举例法，对语言方面的性别差异进行了详细说明。文章首先虚构了火星人与金星人之间成功的语言沟通，然后指出女人和男人的沟通也需要象像他们一样进行深层次的理解，尤其是男性应当重新考虑和解释女性的话，而不是只从根据字面意思理解。
Writing exercise:
Direction:Write an expositive composition on the title “The Potential of Internet Education”. Y ou should write at least 150 words.
Sample:
The Potential of Internet Education
Internet is getting into people’s life and becoming more and more popular. Experts are now working on setting up a national long-distance educational system in China to provide educational opportunities via Internet.
In reality, the educational via Internet plan has been taking shape. Some universities have already got involved in regional long-distance education, catching the attention of many educators and computer experts worldwide. Others have just connected their campus computers for teaching and research, and provided more opportunities for learner.
The Internet education will be developing dramatically. It’s estimated that computerized long-distance teaching networks will be available by 2010 for postgraduate education, vocational programs, teachers’ training and employees’ training. Moreover, it will soon cover all the corners of the globe and eventually win the worldwide popularity.
新编大学英语教案(第二册)_Unit 2 Communication Problems
Unit Two Communication problems T eaching Objectives 1. Let the students have some ideas of the common ways we usually use in our daily life to communicate. 2. Make the students find the efficient ways to communicate with each other. 3. Let the students come up with the ways to avoid misunderstandings. T eaching allotment six academic hours Focus points 1.key words and phrases assume, conflict, convey, emphasis, ignore, misinterpret, react, verge, feel like, for effect, on the verge of, pull out, take----lightly 2.difficult sentences 1) When Martians and V enusians first got together, they encountered many of the problems with relationships we have today. 2) So when communication problems emerged, they assumed it was just one of those expected misunderstandings and that with a little assistance they would surely understand each other. 3) To fully express their feelings, women would tend to exaggerate the facts a little bit for effect and use various superlatives, metaphors, and generalizations. 3.grammar focus prefix “mis---”的不同意义 Related Information It is well-known that learning a second language is never easy, and, generally speaking, the older one is when one attempts a new language, the more difficult it becomes. This is at least partly due to what is known as language interference, meaning that the linguistic patterns of our first language interfere with those of the second because no two languages have exactly the same sounds and grammatical structures. The English language has a very large vocabulary because it has incorporated words from many other languages over the centuries. This is nowhere more apparent than in its color words. For example, there are many words that express the color “purple”, describing its different shades and hues: mauve, violet, lilac, or lavender. An interesting linguistic gender difference among native speakers of English is the likelihood of women using these color terms to differentiate between shades of purple, whereas, men will be satisfied with the one word “purple”. This is true of other color words too.
新编大学英语1翻译答案
一、 1、当我知道详细情况时，我意识到我不该在办公室发脾气。 When I knew the details ,I realized that I shouldn’t have lost the temper at the office. 2、我和鲍勃不是很熟，不过我们偶尔出去喝一杯。 I don’t know Bob very well ,but we go out for a drink occasionally. 3、会议应该在周二召开，但我们不得不推迟。 The meeting is supposed to be held on Tuesday, but we have to put it off. 4、我国政府采取行动使那个国家的所以中国人回到了祖国。 Our government took action to get all the Chinese back to homeland in that country. 5、包括周末在内，仅仅还有12天时间可以用来买圣诞礼物。 Including the weekend ,there is only 12days to buy Charismas presents. 6、如不立即采取行动，许多野生动物就会因饥饿而死亡。 Without taking action immediately ,many kinds of wild animals would die from hunger. 三、 1、除非你有经验，否则你得不到这份工作。 You won’t got this job unless you have got the experience. 2、我把大部分时间都花在研究中美文化差异上了。 Most of my time is spent studying the differences between Chinese and American culture. 3、这句话意思很清楚，绝不会引起误会。 This sentence is so clear that it can’t cause any misunderstanding. 4、他希望能给予她比现在更多的帮助。 He hopes he could give her more help than he does. 5、要记得邀请她来参加生日晚会，不然她会抱怨的。 Remember to invite her to the birthday party ,or she would complain. 6、主任说，你必须把购置设备的2500美元加到成本中去。 The Director said ,you have to add 2500 dollars for equipment purchase to the cost. 7、了解自己的长处、弱点以及所处的环境很重要。 It’s important to be aware of your strengths, weaknesses and the environment you are in. 8、如果你继续对大家这么粗鲁，不久你就会发现自己什么朋友都没有了。 You will find yourself without any friends at all if you keep on being so rude to everyone. 四、 1、做出贡献的人太多了，无法一一提及。 The individuals who have contributed are far too many to mention. 2、半夜里，嘈杂声把我们吵醒了。 The noise woke us up in the middle of the night. 3、他不应该对我说的话感到生气，那仅仅是个玩笑而已。 He shouldn’t have been angry at what I said, it was nothing more than a joke. 4、我们邀请了所以的朋友去野餐，但是由于下雨只来了其中5位。 We invited all our friends to the picnic ,but it rained and only 5 of them showed up. 5、婚姻被视为一件严肃的事。 Marriage is viewed as a serious matter. 6、令我失望的是，这部电影并不像我期待得那么好。 To my disappointment ,the movie didn’t live up to my expectations. 七、
新编大学英语Book4第三版课后答案
Unit 1 Vocabulary 1 entertaining / entertainment / entertained /entertainer recognizable / recognized / recognition tempting / temptation / tempt reasoned /reasoning / reasonable / reason analyzed / analytical /analyst /nanlysis valuable / valuation / valued values /value humorist / humor /humorous /humorist understandable /understanding /understand /misunderstand Tanslation 1) Lively behavior is normal_for a four-year-old child. （活泼的举止是正常的） 2) Fast cars appeal to John, but he can’t afford one. （速度快的车对······有吸引力） 3) Dave required a lot of time to study the diverse argument. （多种多样的论据） 4) I asked my boss for clarification, and she explained the project to me again. （我要求我的上司为我解释清楚） 5) Photographic film is very sensitive to light. （对光很敏感） 6) Mutual encouragement can be a great help, especially in the early days. （互相鼓励） 7) Jimmy cried when people made fun of him. （拿他开玩笑） 8) John won’t give up. He persists in his opinion. （坚持他的观点） 9) Ted always wants to be the focus/center of attention. （成为注意的焦点） 10) Is it cheaper if we buy our tickets in advance? （我们提前买票） Unit 2 Translation 1.However the main drawback with this type of search engine (这种搜素引擎的主要缺陷) is its tendency to include too much information. 2. She is very generous with her time（她从不吝惜自己的时间）--- always ready to help other people. 3. You may have known someone else for 20 years and yet they will never be more than a casual acquaintance （他们永远只是泛泛之交）. 4. He doubted that the car was hers （他怀疑这车不是她的）because everyone knew she had no money. 5. It’s impossible to forget such horrible events---they will remain in the memory forever （它们会永远留在记忆中）. 6. In a world too often filled with uncertainties （在这样一个常常充满各种不确定性的世界上）, it is nice to have a safety net, something you can rely on. 7. The earthquake happened a year ahead of the prediction by the research group （比该研究小组的预报提前了一年）, but earthquakes are usually difficult to predict. 8. I don’t mind being awakened once or twice in the middle of the night by my roommate so long as she doesn’t make a habit of it （只要她不养成习惯）. Unit 3 Vocabulary 1.
《生物体的基本结构》第一课时参考教案
第1节生物体的基本结构 第一课时 【学习目标】 1.通过动手操作、阅读文本、观察图片，能够正确操作显微镜制作洋葱表皮细胞和人口腔上皮细胞的临时装片。 2.通过观察实验临时装片、阅读文本，可以画出动植物细胞的生物绘图。【教学重点】 制作临时装片，观察细胞结构 【教学难点】 制作临时装片 【教材分析】 本节教材从对显微镜认识和使用复习入手，让同学们认识细胞的结构，并且学会制作洋葱表皮细胞和人口腔上皮细胞的临时装片。 【教学准备】 1.教师准备： PPT课件、视频、载玻片、盖玻片、清水、生理盐水、纱布、滴管、镊子、吸水纸、解剖针、碘酒、消毒牙签、洋葱等。 2.学生准备： 课前预习 【教学内容】
对于我们观察生物起到了什么作用。引入通过显微镜观察动植物细胞的内容。 2.制作洋葱鳞片叶表皮细胞临时装 片1.引导学生阅读P4-P5内容，学习 制作洋葱临时装片，注意实验中强 调的注意事项，并思考为何要有这 些注意事项。 学生自主阅读，对实验步骤 初步了解 2.播放“制作洋葱鳞片叶表皮临时 装片”课件，要求学生心细观察。 学生仔细观察，构建实验过 程 3.教师展示演示实验材料，引导学 生尝试上讲台做该实验。 学生上台做实验，台下学生 细心观察，并提出实验过程 中产生的疑问 3.制作人口腔上皮细胞临时装片1.引导学生阅读P6内容，学习制 作人口腔上皮细胞临时装片，注意 实验中强调的注意事项。 学生自主阅读，对实验步骤 初步了解 2.播放“制作人口腔上皮细胞的临 时装片”课件，要求学生心细观察。 学生仔细观察，构建实验过 程 3.教师展示演示实验材料，引导学 生尝试上讲台做该实验。 学生上台做实验，台下学生 细心观察，并提出实验过程 中产生的疑问 4.小结及作 业1.提问学生对于本节课学习的实 验有什么不懂的地方，有没有人能 想到更易于观察到细胞的方法，引 导学生总结本节课学习的内容，教 师做总结性评价。 学生自主表达，并鼓励学生 有自己的独创性想法。 2.复习显微镜的使用方法，复习制 作动植物临时装片的方法，并提问 回顾实验中的注意事项。 和老师的思路一起复习，查 漏补缺。
新编大学英语教案(第二册)_Unit 7 Culture
Unit Seven Culture Teaching Objectives 1. Culture and characteristics of people; 2. Learn to bridge a gap among different culture groups; 3. To know the importance of culture in our English study; 4. To enable students to master the new words and phrases. Teaching allotment 6 academic hours. 1)1-2 Preparation 2)3-4 In-Class Reading: Bridging Cultural Gaps Gracefully 3) 5-6 After-Class Reading & Exercises Focus Points 1. Key words,phrases & usages abrupt, accompany, accomplish, assure, avoid, caution, compliment, confusion, constant, cultural, definitely, edible, fancy, farewell, feasible, gap, graceful, gracious, haste, inadequate, inevitable, involve, literally, mission, modest, modify, naughty, negotiation, polar, proposal, protest, refusal, respond, signal, surpass 2. Difficult sentences 1. Why is it that when you study a foreign language, you never learn the little phrases that let you slip into a culture without all your foreignness exposed? 2. Then finally, listening to others, I began to pick up the phrases that eased relations and sent people off with a feeling of mission not only accomplished but surpassed. 3.If I try to go fast to discourage them from following, they are simply put to the discomfort of having to flee after me. 4.Not so a Chinese host or hostess (often the husband does the fancy cooking), who will instead apologize for giving you “nothing” even slightly edible and for not showing you enough honor by providing proper dishes. 3. Grammar focus 特殊疑问词的强调; 双重否定;不定式复合结构;动名词的复合结构;be + 不定式结构 Methods of Teaching 1) Using multi-media teaching equipment（应用多媒体教学手段）
Unit-6-A-World-of-Mystery新编大学英语第二版第一册课文翻译
Unit 6 A World of Mystery The Bermuda Triangle [1] On 5th December 1945, Flight 19, which consisted of five US Navy planes, took off from Fort Lauderdale, Florida in fine weather. There was a total of fourteen men on board the planes. The planes were in good condition; they had the best equipment on board including compasses and radios, and they also carried life rafts. The planes could float on water for ninety seconds. One and a half hours after the take-off, a radio message from one of the planes was heard at the control tower at Fort Lauderdale. [2] "I don't know where we are." [3] After that the planes could no longer speak to the control tower, but they could speak to and hear each other, and the control tower could hear them. [4] "The magnetic compass is going crazy." [5] "We're completely lost." [6] No other messages were heard after that. Nobody else heard from the planes or saw them again. Three hundred planes and many boats searched the area, but not one trace of Flight 19 was found. Then one of the planes that was sent to look for them also disappeared completely. [7] These planes had disappeared in a very mysterious part of the world in the western Atlantic Ocean where lots of strange events have taken place. The mystery started long before 1945, and since that year many other ships and planes have also disappeared in this area. It is called the Bermuda Triangle. It is a large, triangular area of the ocean with the island of Bermuda at its northern tip. [8] Planes and ships disappear in other parts of the world, but there are more disappearances in the Triangle than in other areas. For years now scientists and others have been puzzled by this mystery. There have been many attempts to explain why people, planes and ships disappear in such high numbers here . [9] One writer, John Spencer, believes that the ships and planes have been carried off from the sea and sky by flying saucers or UFOs from another planet. Since there are millions of other planets in the universe, Spencer believes there must be other intelligent creatures somewhere in the universe. These creatures are interested in collecting humans and their equipment so that they can examine them carefully. [10] Another theory is that the geography of the area is responsible for the disappearances of the ships and planes. Bermuda lies on an earthquake belt. Underwater earthquakes result in large waves appearing suddenly. These waves are so big that they can break a ship into pieces. In the air, a similar thing can happen to airplanes because of
新编大学英语教案(第二册)_unit2communicationproblems
新编大学英语教案(第二册)_U n i t2 C o m m u n i c a t i o n P r o b l e m s -CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN
Unit Two Communication problems Teaching Objectives 1. Let the students have some ideas of the common ways we usually use in our daily life to communicate. 2. Make the students find the efficient ways to communicate with each other. 3. Let the students come up with the ways to avoid misunderstandings. Teaching allotment six academic hours Focus points 1.key words and phrases assume, conflict, convey, emphasis, ignore, misinterpret, react, verge, feel like, for effect, on the verge of, pull out, take----lightly 2.difficult sentences 1) When Martians and Venusians first got together, they encountered many of the problems with relationships we have today. 2) So when communication problems emerged, they assumed it was just one of those expected misunderstandings and that with a little assistance they would surely understand each other. 3) To fully express their feelings, women would tend to exaggerate the facts a little bit for effect and use various superlatives, metaphors, and generalizations. 3.grammar focus prefix “mis---”的不同意义 Related Information It is well-known that learning a second language is never easy, and, generally speaking, the older one is when one attempts a new language, the more difficult it becomes. This is at least partly due to what is known as language interference, meaning that the linguistic patterns of our first language interfere with those of the second because no two languages have exactly the same sounds and grammatical structures. The English language has a very large vocabulary because it has incorporated words from many other languages over the centuries. This is nowhere more apparent than in its color words. For example, there are many words that express the color “purple”, describing its different shades and hues: mauve, violet, lilac, or lavender. An interesting 2
《新编大学英语》第一册课后翻译练习参考答案
Book 1 Translation Exercises Unit 1 Translation 1) 我累了。昨晚我不该那么晚睡觉。(should not + 动词完成式) 2) 我和鲍勃不是很熟，不过我们偶尔一起出去喝一杯。(occasional) 3) 我们应该到火车站接她。(be supposed to) 4) 你可以清楚地看到有人快要淹死, 而你却没有采取行动救他们。(drown, take action) 5) 包括周末在内，仅仅还有12天时间可以用来买圣诞礼物。(including) 6) 如果不立即采取行动，许多种野生动物就会因饥饿而死亡。(without, hunger) I’m tired. I shouldn’t have gone to bed so late last night. I don’t/didn’t know Bob very well, but we go/went out for an occasional drink together. We’re supposed to meet her at the train station. You could clearly see people drowning, but/and yet you took no action to save them. Including weekends, there are only twelve more days to buy Christmas presents. Without immediate action, many kinds of wild animals would die from hunger. Unit 2 Translation 1) 那首歌总是使她回想起在芝加哥度过的那个夜晚。(remind…of…) 2) 街角处刚巧有一位警察，我便向他问路。(happen to, corner) 3) 由于天气恶劣，今天所有去纽约的航班都延误了。(delay) 4) 谁有责任谁就必须赔偿损失。(whoever, responsible) 5) 我找不到我的支票簿。我准是把它留在家里了。(checkbook, must have) 6) 到足球比赛快开始时，暴风雨已经停了。(by the time) That song always reminded her of the night spent in Chicago. There happened to be a policeman on the corner, so I asked him the way. All flights to New York today are/were delayed because of the bad weather. Whoever is responsible will have to pay for the damage. I can’t find my checkbook. I must have left it at home. By the time the football match was going to start, the storm had already stopped. Unit 3 Translation 1) 除非你有经验，否则你得不到这份工作。(unless) 2) 我把大部分时间花在研究中美文化的差异上了。(spend) 3) 这句话意思极清楚，决不会引起误解。(so…that) 4) 他希望能够给予她比现在更多的帮助。(more than) 5) 穿上外套，否则你会感冒的。(or) 6) 她的收藏品中增加了一张毕加索(Picasso)的画。(add…to…) 7) 我没意识到以前曾来过这儿。(be aware of) 8) 如果你继续对每个人这么粗鲁，你很快就会发现自己什么朋友都没有了。(find oneself without) 1）You won’t get the job unless you’ve got the experience. 2) Most of my time is spent studying the differences between Chinese and American culture. The statement/sentence is so clear that it can’t cause any misunderstanding. He wishes that he could give her more help than he does. She has added a Picasso to his collection.
新编大学英语第三版综合教程3答案
Unit 1 Personality V ocabulary 1. 1) self-conscious 2) self-confidence 3) self-esteem 4) self-destructive 5) self-worth 6) self-concept 7) Self-awareness 8) self-assurance/self-confidence 2. 1)B 2)I 3)L 4)A 5)H 6)D 7)E 8)N 9)J 10)M 11)C 12)F 13)G 14)K 3. 1) profound 2) jealousy 3) numerous 4) overweight 5) overcome 6) eventually 7) slim 8) compliments 9) diminish 10) reassurance 11) detrimental 12) isolated 13) self-esteem 14) accented 4. 1) reflected 2) concerned/worried 3) profound effect/influence 4) viewed/regarded 5)sensitive 6) respond/react 7)eliminated 8)overcome my fear 9) concentrate on 10) made no comment Translation 1) You should spend a reasonable amount of time relaxing and exercising. 2) In general children are healthier and better educated than ever before. 3) When the right opportunity comes along, he’ll take it. 4) Every day he sets aside some time to be with his family and enjoy life. 5) I remember those dark streets and walking hand in hand with my father. 6) He finally failed to live up to his parents’expectations. 7) In contrast, our use of oil has increased enormously. 8) He succeeded in his efforts to overcome his fatal weakness. Part Four Writing and Translation 2. Translation Practice
观察人的口腔上皮细胞的制作步骤
一、观察人的口腔上皮细胞 （一）、制作临时装片的操作顺序 1．用洁净的纱布或擦片纸等把载玻片和盖玻片擦拭干净。 2.注意一定要漱口 3．在载玻片的中央滴一滴生理盐水。 4．用消毒牙签在自己漱净的口腔内侧壁上轻轻地刮几下。 5．把牙签上附有碎屑的一端，放在载玻片上的生理盐水滴中涂抹几下。 6．用镊子夹起盖玻片，使它的一边先接触载玻片上的生理盐水滴，然后缓缓地盖在水滴上。注意避免盖玻片下面出现气泡。 7．在盖玻片的一侧滴加稀碘液，用吸水纸从盖玻片的另一侧吸引，使染液浸润标本的全部。 （二）、用显微镜观察 1、先在低倍镜下观察——找到希望观察的目标 2、将其移到视野的中央——如何移动 3、观察细胞的结构 4、绘图：左眼看目镜，右眼画绘图形（注意：名称规范的标识 二、观察洋葱鳞片叶的表皮细胞 （一）、制作临时装片的操作顺序 1、用洁净的纱布或擦片纸等将载玻片、盖玻片擦试干净。 2、用刀片或剪刀割“两横两竖”然后用镊子从洋葱鳞片叶内侧的表皮上，撕取一小块透明薄膜，放在培养皿中，滴3-4滴碘液。 3、染色过程中（1）把载玻片放在实验台上，用吸管在载玻片的中央滴一滴清水。 （2）显微镜的对光及相应的准备工作。
4、约过1分钟多一点，用镊子夹取样本，然后用3滴清水进行漂洗，然后放在载玻片中央偏左清水的水滴上。注意不能让样本卷起来。 5、用镊子夹起盖玻片，使它的一边先接触载玻片上的水滴，然后轻轻地盖在薄膜上，避免盖玻片下出现气泡。注意赶气泡的方法。 6、用吸水纸从盖玻片的两侧吸引，使染液浸润到标本的全部。 7、洋葱鳞片叶表皮细胞的临时装片制成以后，就可以放在低倍显微镜下观察了。 概括：擦滴取展盖染吸 二、用显微镜观察 1、先在低倍镜下观察——找到希望观察的目标 2、将其移到视野的中央——如何移动 3、观察细胞的结构 4、绘图：左眼看目镜，右眼画绘图形（注意：名称规范的标识） 二、所带物品及注意事项： （一）物品 1、身份证 2、准考证 3、铅笔2支（2B） 4、直尺 5、刀片或剪刀 6、橡皮擦 7、黑色水笔一支 8、垫纸板一块 （二）注意事项 1、进入考场先观察实验台上的物品。 2、注意实验桌上物品的标签、位置。 3、注意区别擦镜纸、擦片纸等。 4、需用试剂，先看标签，后下手。 5、出现机械故障，请举手询问。 6、绘图后切记标线到点、到位，标注明确，放大倍数正确。
新编大学英语教案-第四册-Unit1
新编大学英语教案（4） Unit One Leisure Activities 1．Aims of Teaching Master the words describing leisure activities. Improve the students’ abilities of communication and making comments 2．Key Points Learn something about leisure activities. Learning to employ the following key words and phrases into practice. Learning some English grammar 3．Methods of Teaching Using multi-media teaching equipment Group-Discussion Living performance 4．Time Arrangement: Unit 1 Leisure Activities Part I Preparation Useful Information There are some people in society who either has to or want to work all the time. Most people, however, seek ways to socialize, to relax or to have fun during their leisure hours. Obviously people's tastes vary depending on their income and their age. But in recent years, the home entertainment, industry has grown all over the world. Instead of going out to see a movie or taking a walk in a park, people of all ages prefer to turn on the television and stay at home. More and more families have tape recorders, CD players, VCRs and VCDs to add to the variety of leisure activities in the home. In some countries, young people spend hours sitting in front of their computers, surfing on the Internet or playing computer games. Despite the rise in home entertainment, there are still many people who enjoy spending some of their leisure time attending sports events or participating in competitive sports or other physical activities such as dancing and tai chi (shadow boxing). Exercise not only contributes to good health but also takes the mind away from worries and troubles. Concerts, plays and other performances constitute another source of entertainment outside