Unit 8 exercise answers
V ocabulary exercises
I. Explain the italicized part in each sentence in your own words.
1. regarded him as
2. brought back to mind a series of experiences, both happy and unhappy, one after another
3. aroused your strong emotion and made you cry
4. were gradually replaced by
5. to a greater degree
II. Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word or phrase taken from the box in its appropriate form.
1. legible
2. timed
3. surpassing
4. sensed
5. relegated
6. signaled
7. perfunctory
8. generosity
9. teasing 10. mark
III. Choose a word or phrase that best completes each of the following sentences.
1. C
2. D
3. B
4. B
5. A
6. B
7. A
8. D
IV. Fill in each blank with one of the two words from each pair and note the difference of meaning between them.
1. a. formed b. shaping c. formed d. shaped
Form basically carries the suggestion of giving outline to something previously less
well-defined and of putting the finishing touch on a product. Shape suggests the bringing about of a far-reaching change, or an impersonal cause-and-effect relationship.
2. a. contest b. competition c. competition d. contest
Contest is a game in which people try to win, or it refers to a struggle to win power or control. Competition is an activity involving firms, in which each firm tries to get people to buy its own goods in preference to the other firms’ goods, suggesting an effort to get something that not everyone can have.
3. a. memories b. memory c. recollection d. recollection
Memory basically refers to remember things, but it is also used as something one remembers from the past, or to refer to ceremonies by which someone who has died is remembered. Recollection emphasizes the act of casting one’s mind back over past events in a ruminative manner, whether silently to oneself or verbally to others, suggesting the active process of piecing together half-forgotten details
4. a. cheap b. cheap c. inexpensive d. inexpensive
Both words can refer to things that cost little, but inexpensive suggests that the product is of acceptable or even good quality, and is not being misrepresented to the purchaser, while cheap is used to describe something that is very low-priced because it is plentiful, easy to produce, and useful. Besides, cheap can be applied to inferior, shoddy goods, which to the inexperienced person, resemble those of better quality and cost much more than they are worth.
V. Give synonyms or antonyms of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used.
1. Synonyms: rich, well-prepared, complicated, complex
2. Antonyms: unpleasant, displeasing, disagreeable, bitter, nasty
3. Synonym: slacken, decelerate
4. Antonyms: coldly, bitterly, hatefully, spitefully
5. Synonyms: lovely, lovable, attractive
6. Antonyms: shame, disgrace, humiliation
7. Synonyms: indifferent, half-hearted, thoughtless
8. Antonyms: selfishness, greediness, meanness
V. Rephrase each of the following sentences with the word given in brackets.
1.We insist on having your answer tonight at the latest.
2.My father is going to let me borrow his car tonight.
3.We look upon it as a wonderful opportunity.
4.You surely don’t want a fifth ice cream, do you?
5.There is hardly anything in the house to eat tonight.
6.This block of flats now belongs to the bank.
7.Should we really freeze this sort of food?
8.Don’t bother to telephone me when you arrive.
Grammar Exercises
II. Match the conditions with the results and make up conditional sentences
1. If you lower the temperature of water to 0o C, it freezes
2. If you fly west, you gain time.
3. If it rains, I stay at home
4. If water boils, it vaporizes
5. If your documents are in order, you may leave at once.
6. If there is a shortage of any product, the price of that product goes up
7. If you heat ice, it turns to water.
8. If you are waiting for a bus, you’d better join the queue.
III Put the verbs into the correct form
1. pour
2. will be
3. will pick
4. will/shall go
5. is to be done
6. had
7. is to win
8. rained
9. cries 10. was
IV. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense
1. wouldn’t have printed
2. had read
3. will happen
4. will fall
5. comes
6. gets
7. wouldn’t buy
8. had
V. Highlight the underlined parts in the following sentences using “it + be + … + that.”
1.It is that special place in your heart that makes them beautiful
2.It was on the day my first son was born that I put them into the soil.
3.It was by train that we reached Istanbul.
4.It was the headmaster who gave us leave to go to the concert.
5.It is because he’s been working too hard that he’s feeling un well.
6.It is his grandfather’s skills that he has inherited
7.It was in 1960 that he first achieved his fame as a writer.
8.It was at Waterloo that Napoleon was finally defeated.
VI. Make sentences of your own after the sentence given below, using never/ nor followed by S-V inversion.
e.g. The spokesman said, “Never will China be the first country to use nuclear weapons under any circumstances.”
Translation exercises
I. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1.然而，情人节是爸爸向在他的生活中具有特殊意义的人表达爱的日子。
2.那个盒子以及里面的东西及其一连串既苦涩又甜美的回忆，令我想起自己是如何涉入
到在同学中争宠的竞赛中去，以收到情人卡的数量来表现自己的人气；令我想起男女同学间关于男女朋友的相互调侃以及我对班上最酷的男孩送给我的卡片的钟情。3.我慢慢长大了，装满我喜欢吃的巧克力的心形盒子取代了那些小礼品，而且总有一张
特殊的卡片，上面写着“爱你的爸爸”。
4.那张卡令我想起当父亲是多么特别，我的父亲以他慷慨大度的精神、善解人意的简朴
举止以及对与他一生相关的人们表达幸福的能力延续了关爱的传统，那张卡令我想起自己有这样一位父亲在过去的岁月里对我意味着什么。
II. Translate each of the following sentences into English, using the word or phrase given in the bracket
1. At Christmas people enjoy themselves very much; they visit one another and present each other with Christmas cards and presents.
2. The walls of her bedroom and living room are all decorated with pictures of pop stars and film stars.
3. Sophia teased Tom about his new hat mildly, but Tom teased her curly hair unmercifully.
4. He had attained remarkable achievements which surpassed the goal he had set for himself.
5. He kept crying bitterly, and I tried to persuade him not to give way to grief.
6. I took it for granted that you would like to see the play, so I bought you a ticket.
7. They have relegated these problems somewhere down on the priority list.
8. I am going to address the letter to Donna in care of her lawyer.
9. I don’t know why telling her the news brought a lump in my throat.
10. Sailors signal with flags by day and with lights at night.
Exercises for integrated skills
I. Dictation
I believe my father is a talented man. / He is decisive and efficient in doing things. / By his own talents and efforts, / he has secured for the family a good social position / and a
comparatively rich life. / People of all fields come to my house, / and from them I have gained lots of valuable social experience / and seen a lot of joys and sorrows of the world. / But at home he is a harsh parent. / He has high expectations of me. / When I am idling away my time, / I can see that it hurts him deeply. / When I am doing something great, / such as writing a book, / he is more than excited. / With such a father, / I always remind myself that I must go on and on, never give up.
II. Fill in each blank in the passage below with ONE word you think appropriate.
People in countries as far apart as Japan, the United States, Australia and France send Valentine cards to someone they fancy on 14 February, St. Valentine’s Day. Most cards are romantic and express secret (1) love message s which don’t let on who the (2) sender is.
Senders of newspaper messages, no matter (3) whether they are in Britain, North America or Australia, must get a thrill (4) out of their exhibitionism without (5) letting on who is the secret admirer hidden in the words of the advertisement. The British newspaper and brigades (6) tend to see themselves or the desired ones (7) as animals, with bears being the firm favorites. But fleas, toads, bugs and mice are well represented.
In parts of the English countryside it is still (8) believed that a girl can tell the occupation of her future husband by noting (9) which bird she sees first on 14 February. But if it’s a woodpecker, she will find no man at (10) all. Happy bird-watching! Happy Valentine’s Day!
Writing Practice
Stringy sentences are sentences in which too many clauses are connected. Thus, they seem to be endless. They would be easier to read and understand if they were broken up into separate clauses. To avoid stringy sentences, we can use division, subordination, combination or phrases.
A. Division
By division, it is to divide the original sentence into several sentences. Division is employed when the clauses in the original sentence are of equal importance.
Example:
Stringy:
He went to a law school, and then he joined a law firm in Miami, and we seldom saw each other anymore.
Revised:
He went to a law school and joined a law firm in Miami. We seldom saw each other anymore.
[Separate the original sentence into two.]
B. Subordination
By subordination, it is to change some clauses into subordinate clauses, if they are of less importance.
Example:
Stringy:
Miss Lambert was on a diet, and she was hungry, and Mr. Pym offered her a piece of cake, and she could not resist it.
Revised:
Although she was on a diet, Miss Lambert could not resist the piece of cake that Mr. Pym
offered her because she was hungry.
[Change all the clauses have been changed into subordinate clauses, except for the second one.]
C. Phrase
Phrases can be used to substitute the clauses in the original sentence.
Example:
Stringy:
Many students attend classes all morning and they work all afternoon and then they have to study at night so they are usually exhausted by the weekend.
Revised:
After attending classes all morning, working all afternoon, and studying at night, many students are exhausted by the weekend.
[Substitute the first three clauses with participle phrases.]
D. Combination
All the techniques mentioned above can be combined to revise a stringy sentence. Example:
Stringy:
The rains had been heavy in the spring, and the lake was filling up, and some of my friends were thinking about fishing in the stream, and other friends were thinking about getting out their sailboats.
Revised:
Because the rains had been heavy in the spring and the lake was filling up, my friends were thinking either about fishing in the stream or about getting out their sailboats.
[Change the first two clauses into a subordinate clause, and the last one into a prepositional phrase.]
Improve the following stringy sentences by any method or combination of methods.
1. We must accept the facts and our enormous energy requirements, but it is also important not to forget that attempts to economize on safety provisions risks. And these increased risks may result in terrible tragedy, even in disasters whose consequences exceed national boundaries. It is certainly true, however, that a nuclear power station working safely, without accident, is ecologically one of the cleanest of all industrial plants.
2. Whether it is deceiving yourself or deceiving others, deception requires much time and energy. And because deception never really achieves anything of value, it is a great waste of your precious life and resources. Instead, you’d better put that time and energy into successfully dealing with the truth. After all, you’ll have to deal with it eventually, and the sooner you begin, the more you’ll be able to accomplish.
3. Giving is more than merely offering objects. When you give, give your time, your attention, your love, compassion, consideration, patience and respect. Give a part of yourself, and you will not ever lose it. That part of you takes on greater influence and value as it touches other lives beyond your own.
4. As almost every high school student wants to go to college, tension and anxiety build to a ridiculous point in college candidates, spoiling their final year in high school.