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中考英语阅读理解题-----细节理解题和推理判断题的解题技巧

大相径庭甚至完全相反；也有的是部分正确或部分错误。

二、解题方法

1. 跳读查找法

这个方法的要点在于先看题干，带着问题读文章。以what, who, where,

when, why, how

提问的问题，可以从文章中直接找到答案。同学们做这类题时可以边读边做记号，能加强阅读的针对性，提高做题的准确率，节省宝贵的时间，这是做事实细节题最基本也是最常用的方法。一般来说，细节题主要考查考生对某句话或某几句话的理解，同学们若能根据题干内容从原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可确定最佳答案。

另外，运用跳读查找法解题时，同学们要特别注意试题以及选项与原文之间的适当变换。根据近几年的中考题情况来看，很少有直接用原文中的句子进行考查和测试的，通常要进行一定的处理，而这种“处理”主要就是进行语义转换，其中包括同义变换、概念解析、归纳事实等。

例：I had the meanest (最刻薄的) mother in the

whole world. While other kids ate candy for breakfast, I had to have porridge,

eggs or toast. When others had Cokes and candy for lunch, I

had to eat a

sandwich. But at least I wasn’t alone when I wa s sad. My sister and two brothers

had the same mean mother as I did.

How many children does the writer’s mother have?

Four. B.

Two. C.

Three. D. Six.

2. 排除法

排序题也属于事实细节题的一种题型，它通常出现在说明文中。这类文章有明显的信息词，如first,

to begin with, after that, afterwards, later, next, second, third, then,

finally等。按照信息词的提示阅读，可以加快理解的进程。在做细节排序题时，首先要确定首或尾的答案，通常四个选项中会有两个选项的顺序类似，正确答案往往在这两个选项中选择，找到两者的不同之处，回到原文，进行核对，一旦确定，后面的排序就不用再比较了。

例：A topiary gardener should make a drawing

first. The drawing shows the final shape that the gardener likes. The gardener

then chooses a bush for the topiary. It may be one that just planted or one that

is already in place.

In June

of the plant’s first year, the gardener looks for new leaves. When the leaves

grow, it’s time to shape (给……造型) the bottom of the bush. It needs about five

years. The top is not trimmed during this time. In the fifth year, the

bush grows tall enough for shaping. Then the gardener begins to shape the whole

bush.

2. Put

the following in the right order according to the passage.

a. The gardener chooses

a bush for the topiary.

b. The whole bush grows

tall enough for shaping.

c. The gardener begins

to shape the bottom of the bush.

d. The gardener draws

the shape of a topiary.

d→a→b→c B. b→c→a→d C.

a→d→c→b D. d→a→c→b

3. 简单计算法

数字计算题也是事实细节题的一种，要求对文章中提到的数据进行简单的加减乘除运算，以便得出符合题目要求的数据。解答这类题目时，考生首先要弄清题干的要求是什么，然后找到与它相关的数字，再对它们进行分析、整合，最后计算出正确答案。

例：When we cut down the rainforests, we

destroy these forest people, too. In 1900, there were

1,000,000 forest people in

the Amazon forest. In 1980, there were only 200,000.

3. The

number of the people living in the Amazon forest in 1980 was ________of that in

1900.

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