非谓语动词用法归纳

否定形式: not +不定式,not + 动名词,not + 现在分词

1.不定式与动名词作主语得区别

(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作;而不定式作主语表示具体动作。

smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.这里禁止抽烟。(抽象)

it is not very good for you to smoke so much.您抽这么多烟对您身体很不好。(具体) (2)动名词作主语时,通常用以表示一件已知得事或经验。

不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成得事或目得。

climbing mountains is interesting.爬山很有趣。(经验)

driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) (3)不定式做主语,一般用it当形式主语,把作主语得不定式短语后置。

it took me only five minutes to finish the job、

动名词或不定式都可以在句中作主语,但在下列句型中常用动名词作主语。

it is / was no use / good + doing sth、

it is / was not any use / good + doing sth、

it is / was of little use / good + doing sth、

it is / was useless doing sth、

it is no use crying over spilt milk、覆水难收。

it is of little good staying up too late every day、

每天都熬夜没有什么好处

2.不定式与动名词作宾语得区别

英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式,也可跟动名词作直接宾语,但有些动词要求: (1)不定式做宾语与宾语补足语

1)下面得动词要求不定式做宾语

afford, agree, arrange, choose, decide, hope, expect, offer, plan, promise, determine, demand, manage, fail, prepare, refuse, pretend, seem

常跟不定式作宾语得动词歌诀:

三个希望两答应,两个要求莫拒绝, 设法学会做决定,不要假装在选择。

hope; wish; want ; agree; promise demand; ask; refuse manage; learn; decide pretend ; choose

想要拒绝命令,需要努力学习,期望同意帮助,希望决定开始。

want ; refuse ; order need; try ; learn expect ; agree ; help hope ; wish ; decide ; begin ;start

2)下面得动词要求不定式做宾补:动词+宾语+动词不定式

ask要求,邀请get请,得到prompt促使

allow允许forbid禁止prefer喜欢,宁愿

announce宣布force强迫press迫使

bride 收买inspire鼓舞request请求

assist协助hate憎恶pronounce断定,表示

advise劝告exhort告诫,勉励pray请求

authorize授权,委托help帮助remend劝告,推荐

bear容忍implore恳求remind提醒

beg请求induce引诱report报告

pel强迫invite吸引,邀请, summon传唤

mand命令intend想要,企图show 显示

drive驱赶mean意欲,打算train训练

cause引起instruct指示require要求

deserve应受leave使,让tell告诉

direct指导like喜欢tempt劝诱

entitle有资格order命令warn告诫

enable使能够need需要urge激励,力说

encourage鼓励oblige不得不want想要

condemn指责,谴责lead引起,使得teach教

entreat恳求permit允许wish希望

(2)有少数动词只能用动名词作宾语

admit, advise, allow, appreciate, avoid, plete, consider, delay, deny, enjoy, escape, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practise, suggest, stop, can’t stand, can’t help, b e worth

常跟动词ing作宾语得动词歌诀:

考虑建议盼原谅,承认推迟没得想,避免错过继续练,否认完成停能赏,不禁介意准逃亡,

不准冒险凭想象。

consider, suggest / advise ,look forward to ,excuse ,pardon /admit, delay / put off , fancy

avoid , miss ,keep /keep on , practise /deny , finish , stop ,enjoy / appreciate /can’t help , mind , allow/ permit ,escape/forbid , risk , imagine

例如:i appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago、我很感激两年前给我出国学习得机会。

(3)有些动词后使用动名词与动词不定式作宾语得差别

以下得动词后面既可接动词得不定式又可以接动词得ing作宾语: hate, love , prefer , remember , forget, regret , like ,try , stop , begin , start

既跟动词ing又接不定式作宾语得动词歌诀:

双方一旦开始,不论喜欢与否,都得继续下去。begin , start ,like ,prefer ,

hate ,dislike ,continue 、

不管记住与否,努力打算停止,后悔三个需要。

remember , forget , try , mean , stop , reget ,

want , need , require

1)forget to do 忘记要去做某事(此事未做)

forget doing忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生)

2)stop to do 停止、中断(某件事),目得就是去做另一件事

stop doing 停止正在或经常做得事

3)remember to do 记住去做某事(未做)

remember doing记得做过某事(已做)

4) regret to do对要做得事遗憾

regret doing对做过得事遗憾、后悔

5)try to do努力、企图做某事

try doing试验、试一试某种办法

6) mean to do打算,有意要…

mean doing意味着

7)go on to do 继而(去做另外一件事情)

go on doing 继续(原先没有做完得事情)

8)propose to do 打算(要做某事)

proposing doing建议(做某事)

9) like /love/hate/ prefer +to do 表示具体行为;+doing sth 表示抽象、倾向概念

(注)如果这些动词前有should一词,其后宾语只跟不定式,不能跟动名词。例如: i should like to see him tomorrow.

10) need, want, deserve, require +动名词表被动意义;

+不定式被动态表示“要(修、清理等)”意思。

3.不定式、动名词与分词作表语得区别

(1)不定式作表语

1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作,特别就是表示将来得动作。

to do two things at a time is to do neither.--次做两件事等于未做。

what i would suggest is to start work at once、我得建议就是立刻开始干。

2)如果主语就是不定式(表示条件),表语也就是不定式(表示结果)。

to see is to believe、百闻不如一见。

to work means to earn a living.工作就就是为了生活。

3)如果主语就是以aim, duty, hope, idea, happiness, job, plan, problem, purpose, thing, wish等为中心得名词,或以what引导得名词性从句,不定式作表语就是对主语起补充说明作用。

his wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future.她得希望就是在不远得将来买一辆豪华轿车。

the most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant.

(2)动名词作表语:动名词作表语,表示抽象得一般性得行为。

our work is serving the people.我们得工作就是为人民服务。

his hobby is collecting stamps.她得爱好就是集邮。

(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中得现在分词形式相同,但其所属结构迥异,进行

时态说明动作就是由主语完成得。动名词做表语,说明主语得性质或情况。

his victory in the final was no more convincing than i had expected.

(3)分词作表语

分词做表语有两种情况,一种就是现在分词做表语,一种就是过去分词做表语,这两者区别就是考试中经常考到得地方。一般来说,表示心理状态得动词如excite, interest等都就是及物动词,汉语意思不就是“激动”,“高兴”,而就是“使激动”、“使高兴”,因而现在分词应该就是“令人激动得”、“令人高兴得”,过去分词则就是“感到激动得”与“感到高兴得”。所以,凡表示“令人……得”都就是-ing形式,凡就是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说,若人对……感兴趣,就就是somebody is interested

in、、、,若人/物本身有兴趣时,就就是说sb、/sth、is interesting、这类词常见得有:

interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴得

exciting令人激动得--excited感到激动得

delighting令人高兴得--delighted感到高兴得

disappointing令人失望得--disappointed感到失望得

encouraging令人鼓舞得--encouraged感到鼓舞得

pleasing令人愉快得--pleased感到愉快得

puzzling令人费解得--puzzled感到费解得

satisfying令人满意得---satisfied感到满意得

surprising令人惊异得--surprised感到惊异得

worrying令人担心得--worried感到担心得

travelling is interesting but tiring.旅行就是有趣得,但就是使人疲劳。

the argument is very convincing.她得论点很令人信服。

they were very excited at the news.听到这个消息,她们非常激动。

4.不定式、现在分词与过去分词作定语得区别

(1)不定式作定语

1)不定式与其所修饰得名词可能就是主谓关系

he was the last one to leave school yesterday.昨天她就是最后一个离开教室得。the train to arrive was from london.将要到站得火车就是从伦敦开来得。

2)不定式与其所修饰得名词可能就是动宾关系

get him something to eat.给她拿点儿东西吃。

she has a lot of work to do in the morning.早上她有很多工作要做。

3)不及物动词构成得不定式做定语,要加上适当得介词与被修饰得名词形成逻辑上得动宾关系,这里得介词不能省去。

i need a pen to write with.我需要一支笔写字。

there is nothing to worry about.没有什么值得发愁得。

4)不定式修饰一些表示方向、原因、时间、机会、权利等抽象名词如:

ability能力,本领drive赶,驾驶movement运动,活动

ambition抱负,野心effort努力,尝试need需要,需求

campaign战役,运动failure失败,不及格opportunity机会

chance机会force力,压力,要点promise许诺,希望

courage勇气intention意向,意图reason理由,原因

decision决定method方法,方式light光,光线,亮光

determination决心,决定motive动机,目得struggle奋斗,努力,

tendency倾向,趋势wish希望,愿望,祝愿

5)被修饰得名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或next, second, last, only与not a,the 等限定词时候,只能用不定式。

6)不定代词something, nothing, little, much, a lot 等习惯上用不定式做定语。john will do anything but work on a farm.除了农活,约翰什么都愿意干。

7)如果其动词要求用不定式做宾语,或者其形容词要器接不定式做补语,则相应得名词一般用不定式做定语。如: tend to do---tendency to do;decide to do = decision to do;be curious to do = curiosity to do

his wish to buy a car came true.她要买辆车得愿望实现了。

their decision to give up the experiment surprised us.

她们放弃这个实验得决定使我们大吃一惊。

he is always the first to e and the last to leave.

她总就是第一个到来,最后一个离去。

(2)分词作定语

分词作定语时有下面几个特点:

1.现在分词表示主动意义,正在进行;

2.过去分词一般表示被动含意,状态或做完(完成)得事。。

he rushed into the burning house.她冲进了正在燃烧着得房子。

the child standing over there is my brother.站在那儿得男孩子就是我弟弟。

the room facing south is our classroom.朝南得房间就是我们得教室。

have you got your watch repaired? 您拿到那个修好得表了吗?

he is an advanced teacher.她就是个先进教师。

3)-ing作定语动名词①多位于其前表示其性能、用途(无时间性可换为for+doing)

he has a reading room、 a sleeping car(a car for sleeping)

现在分词②表正在进行(主谓关系)即主动进行,可换为定语从句;

the question being discussed now is important、

过去分词作定语有(动宾关系,表完成)即被动完成,可换为定语从句。

we can see a lot of fallen leaves on the ground、

(we can see a lot of leaves which have fallen on the ground、)

4)下列不及物动词也以过去分词形式做定语或表语,但不具有被动意义,这点要注

意:

作定语得不及物动词分词形式为:v –ing 与过去分词。v –ing 表示正在进行;过去分词表示已经完成。如:

falling leaves 正落得叶子fallen leaves 落下得叶子

boiling water 正沸腾得水boiled water 沸腾过得水(白开水)

departed, elapsed, faded, fallen, gone, frown-up, retired, returned, risen, set, vanished, much-traveled, newly-arrived, recently-e

(3)不定式与分词作定语时得时间关系

一般来说,不定式所表示得动作发生在谓语动词所表示得动作之后;

do you want to see the doctor to be sent for from beijing?

您要见那位将从北京请来得医生吗？

现在分词所表示得动作与谓语动词所表示得动作同时发生;

do you want to see the doctor working on the case report in the office?

您要见那位正在办公室里写病历得医生吗？

过去分词表示得动作或就是在谓语所表示得动作之前发生,或就是没有一定得时间性。

have you read the novel written by dickens ?

5.作宾补时,三者得区别

1、有些动词接不定式作宾补:(与宾语有主谓关系强调动作将发生或已经完成;表一次性动作)

①tell/ order/ persuade/ invite/ force /warn / encourage/ get/ ask + sb to do

he asked me to finish it in time、the teacher told me to clean the blackboard、

②feel(一感); hear\ listen to(二听); have \ make\ let(三使);see\ watch\ observe\ notice\ look at\ find (六瞧) + sb do等感官使役动词后不定式作宾补省略to,但被动以后要还原to、

i heard him call me several times、i heard her sing the song many times、tom was made to sing、

2、有些动词接ing作宾补: feel(一感); hear\ listen to(二听); have \get \ leave\keep (四使);see\ watch\ observe\ notice\ look at\ find (六瞧) +sb doing (强调动作主动,正在

进行,或尚未完成;延续性动词)

i found her listening to the radio、i heard her singing the song when i passed her room、

3、有些动词接过去分词作宾补:feel(一感); hear\ listen to(二听); make\ let \get\ have\ leave\ keep\ (六使);see\ watch\ observe\ notice\ look at\ find (六瞧) +sb

done(表动作被动完成,多强调状态)

speak louder so that you can make yourself heard、we found the village greatly changed、

i heard the song sung in english many times、

(3)不带to得不定式

下列动词后在主动语态中用不带to 得不定式作补语,但在被动语态中要加上to:它们就是“吾瞧三室两厅一感觉”——5瞧(look at, see, watch, notice, observe);3使(make, let, have);2听(listen to, hear);1感觉(fell)。以上动词还可用现在分词作宾语补足语(5+3+2+1-2+4):即以上动词除let, make 外都可以用现在分词作宾语补足语,此外find, catch, keep, have 也可以用现在分词作宾语补足语。

he was caught stealing、i’m sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time、

(注): ①上述感觉动词与使役动词转换为被动结构时.其后得不定式一般需带to,如:

he was seen to e.

the boy was made to go to bed early、

②在动词find与help之后,不定式可带to亦可不带to,如:

he was surprised to find the sheep (to) break fence at this season.她发现羊在此季节越出栅栏,感到惊讶。

3)在do nothing／anything／everything but(except)结构中。例如:

last night i did nothing but watch tv.昨天晚上,我除了瞧电视别得什么也没有干。

但就是,如果谓语动词不就是“do nothing,anything,everything”,那么but(except)所跟得不定式则仍须带。

the doctor told him nothing but to stop smoking.医生除了让她戒烟,其它什么都没有说。

there was nothing for them to do but to remain silent.除了保持沉默以外,她们没有别有别得办法。

6.不定式与分词作状语得区别

(1)现在分词与过去分词作状语得区别。

现在分词做状语与过去分词做状语得最主要区别在于两者与所修饰得主语得主动与被动关系得区别。分词作状语

1.分词作状语得基本原则

分词作状语时,分词得逻辑主语必须与句子得主语保持一致。

分词作状语必须与句中主语含有逻辑上得主谓或动宾关系,否则不能使用分词作状语。

2.分词作状语得句法功能

分词或分词短语作状语时,可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。表示时间关系得分词短语有时可由连词while 或when 引出。

1)现在分词作状语时,现在分词得动作就就是句子主语得动作,它们之间得关系就是主动关系。

he went out shutting the door behind him、

她出去后将门随手关上。

not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help、

由于不知如何办就是好,她去找父母帮忙。

2)过去分词作状语时,过去分词表示得动作就是句子主语承受得动作,它们之间得关系就是被动关系。

given more attention, the trees could have grown better、

如果对这些树多关心一些,它们本来会长得更好。

faced with difficulties, we must try to overe them、

在遇到困难得时候,我们必须设法克服。

(2)动词不定式与分词作状语得区别

1)分词作状语一般表示伴随,而不定式常常表示目得。

they stood by the roadside talking about the plan.她们站在路边谈论着这个计划。(伴随)

they stood by the roadside to talk about the plan.她们站在路边为得就是谈论这个计划。(目得)

2)分词作状语放在句子开头,除表示原因之外有时表示时间或条件。动词不定式作状语时,除了表示目得以外,还表示结果或原因。

reading attentively,he forgot the time for lunch.由于在专心读书,她忘了吃午饭得时间。(原因)

reading carefully,he found something he had not known before.她仔细读书时,发现了一些从前不知道得东西。(时间)

reading carefully,you'll learn something new.只要您仔细阅读,您会学到一些新得东西。(条件)

his family was too poor to support him.她得家庭太穷,不能维持她得生活。(结果) we are glad to hear the news.我们很高兴听到这消息。(原因)

(3)下面一些句型就是不定式做状语时候应该注意得:

a:not/never too…to, too…not to , but/only too… to, too ready/eager/apt/inclined to 表示肯定意义

b:做结果状语得不定式只能出现在句子得末尾,常见得不定式动词有:find, hear, see, be told, form, give, make, produce 等。

c:不定式做状语时,其逻辑主语一般为句子得主语,否则用for引导主语。

7.非谓语动词常考得其它结构

(1)疑问词+不定式结构

疑问词who,what,which,when,where与how后加不定式可构成一种特殊得不定式短语。它在句中可以用作主语、宾语、表语与双重宾语。如:

when to start has not been decided.何时动身尚未决定。(主语)

i don't know what to do.我不知道该怎么办。(宾语)

the difficulty was how to cross the river.困难在于如何过河。(表语)

i can tell you where to get this book、我可以告诉您哪里可以买到此书。(双重宾语)注)a、有时疑问词前可用介词,如:

i have no idea of how to do it、我不知道如何做此事。

b、动词know 后面不能直接跟不定式作宾语,只能跟疑问词(如:how, what)+不定式:

(2)介词except与but作“只有…,只能…”讲时跟不定式结构(but与不带to得不定式连用)。

when the streets are full of melting snow, you cannot help but getting your shoes wet、

(4)不定式----动名词----得逻辑主语

1)不定式得逻辑主语为:for +名词(或代词宾格)+ 不定式(作状语)。例如:

i found it impossible for him to do the job alone.我发现她—个人干这活就是不可能得。

(注)在表示人物性格、特性等得形容词后面,常用of引出不定式得逻辑主语。这类词主要有:absurd, bold, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel ,selfish, wicked, wrong等

it is very kind of you to help me.您帮助我太好了

it was wise of him to do that.她那样做就是明智得。

2)动名词得逻辑主语为;①人称代词得所有格+动名词(作主语);②名词's+动名词(作主语)。例如:

his arriving added to our difficulties、my brother’s telling lies made me very angry、

8.独立主格结构

独立主格结构有两部分组成,前一部份就是名词或者代词,后一部分就是非谓语动词或其她得一些词。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做状语,用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。(主从句主语不一致,从句可变为非谓语,带有自己得逻辑主语)。该结构不就是句子,也不就是从句,所以它内部得动词不能考虑其时态、人称与数得变化,它与其主句之间既不能通过并列连词连接也不能有从句引导词引导,常用逗号与其主句隔开。独立主格结构在很多情况下可以转化为相应得状语从句或其她状语形式,但很多时候不能转化为分词形式,因为它内部动词得逻辑主语与主句主语不一致。

常见得独立主格结构有如下几种:

1、名词/主格代词+现在分词。名词/主格代词与现在分词之间主谓关系。如: the girl staring at him (= as the girl stared at him), he didn”t know what to say、姑娘两眼望着她,她不知道说什么好。

time permitting (= if time permits), we will go for an outing tomorrow、如果时间允许得话,我们明天去郊游。

2、名词/主格代词+过去分词。名词/主格代词与过去分词之间得动宾关系。如: the problems solved (= as the problems were solved), the quality has been improved、随着问题得解决,质量已经提高了。

her glasses broken (= because her glasses were broken), she couldn”t see the words on the blackboard、由于眼镜摔坏了,她瞧不见黑板上得字。

3、名词/主格代词+不定式。名词/主格代词与不定式之间就是主谓关系,且强调得就是一次具体性得动作。如:

he is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help、借助于一些旧零件,她要做一个飞机模型。

they said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to the bookstore、她们道别后,一个回了家,一个去了书店。

4、名词/主格代词+形容词。如:

an air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive、那架飞机遭遇了空难,无一人生还。

so many people absent, the meeting had to be called off、这么多人缺席,会议不得不取消。

5、名词/主格代词+副词。如:

he put on his sweater wrong side out、她把毛衣穿反了。

the meeting over, they all went home、会议一结束,她们就都回家了。

6、名词/主格代词+介词短语。如:

the boy goes to the classroom, book in hand、那男孩手里拿着书去教室。

mary was sitting near the fire, her back towards the door、玛丽靠近火炉坐着,背对着门。

7、there being +名词(代词)如:

there being nothing else to do, we went home、没有别得事可做,我们就回家了。there being no further business, i declare the meeting closed、没有再要讨论得事了,我宣布散会。

8、it being +名词(代词)如:

it being christmas, the government offices were closed、由于圣诞节得缘故,政府机关都休息。

it being a holiday, all the shops were shut、由于今天就是假日,所有商店都关门了。独立主格结构得特点:

1)独立主格结构得逻辑主语与句子得主语不同,它独立存在。

2)名词或代词与后面得分词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词等就是主谓关系。

3)独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。

9 with复合结构得构成

with+宾语+宾语补足语,构成with复合结构,宾语可以就是名词或就是代词,宾语补足语可以就是介词短语、过去分词、现在分词、形容词、动词不定式、副词。with 复合结构在句子中作状语,表示原因、时间、条件、伴随、方式等。且with后面得宾语与其后得宾语补足语有逻辑上得主谓关系。

1)with+宾语+介词短语

he was asleep with his head on his arms、

2)with+宾语+过去分词(宾语与宾补之间就是被动关系) all the afternoon he worked with the door locked、

3)with+宾语+现在分词(宾语与宾补之间就是主动关系) with winter ing on,it's time to buy warm clothes、

4)with+宾语+to do(不定式做宾补有“将来”得含义)

i can't go out with all these dishes to wash、

5)with+宾语+形容词/副词

anderson was lying on the bed with all his clothes on、

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worth 值得 You should try to avoid making mistakes. The book is worth reading. The book deserves reading. （2）表进行 Walking on the grassland, I saw a snake.=When I was walking on the grassland, I saw a snake. The man speaking English is Tom. = The man who is speaking English is Tom. （3）表主动 The man speaking English is Tom = The man who speaks English is Tom. = The man who spoke English is Tom. Nobody dinks boiling water but boiled water.= Nobody dinks water that is boiling but the water that has boiled. （4）表伴随 I stand outside waiting for Mr. Chen. I lie in bed reading a novel. （5）表性质；特点 The film is very moving. She is understanding, so you had better discuss your business with her. 6）概括性, 一般性 Climbing mountain is very interesting.

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否定形式: not +不定式,not + 动名词,not + 现在分词

1.不定式与动名词作主语得区别 (1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作;而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) it is not very good for you to smoke so much.您抽这么多烟对您身体很不好。(具体) (2)动名词作主语时,通常用以表示一件已知得事或经验。

不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成得事或目得。 climbing mountains is interesting.爬山很有趣。(经验) driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) (3)不定式做主语,一般用it当形式主语,把作主语得不定式短语后置。 it took me only five minutes to finish the job、 动名词或不定式都可以在句中作主语,但在下列句型中常用动名词作主语。 it is / was no use / good + doing sth、 it is / was not any use / good + doing sth、 it is / was of little use / good + doing sth、 it is / was useless doing sth、 it is no use crying over spilt milk、覆水难收。 it is of little good staying up too late every day、 每天都熬夜没有什么好处 2.不定式与动名词作宾语得区别 英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式,也可跟动名词作直接宾语,但有些动词要求: (1)不定式做宾语与宾语补足语 1)下面得动词要求不定式做宾语 afford, agree, arrange, choose, decide, hope, expect, offer, plan, promise, determine, demand, manage, fail, prepare, refuse, pretend, seem 常跟不定式作宾语得动词歌诀: 三个希望两答应,两个要求莫拒绝, 设法学会做决定,不要假装在选择。 hope; wish; want ; agree; promise demand; ask; refuse manage; learn; decide pretend ; choose 想要拒绝命令,需要努力学习,期望同意帮助,希望决定开始。

非谓语动词用法归纳(语法)

一、表格的用法 1.doing 的用法 （1）在要求动词后（作宾语）：avoid避免appreciate 感激/欣赏acknowledge承认/自认admit 承认advocate 提倡/主张consider 考虑can't help不禁can't stand受不了contemplate细想complete完成confess坦白dislike 不喜欢，讨厌deserve值得delay延迟deny否认dread可怕defer拖延detest嫌恶enjoy享有/喜爱envy嫉妒endure忍受excuse借口escape逃跑/逃避finish完成forgive原谅fancy幻想/爱好favor 造成/偏爱figure描绘/计算hate讨厌imagine设想involve卷入/包含keep保持miss错过mention说到/讲到mind 介意pardon原谅/饶恕permit允许postpone推迟practice 实行/实践prevent阻止quit放弃停止risk冒险recall回想resist抵抗/阻止resume恢复repent悔悟resent怨恨stand坚持/忍受suggest建议save营救/储蓄tolerate忍受worth值得You should try to avoid making mistakes. The book is worth reading. The book deserves reading. （2）表进行 Walking on the grassland, I saw a snake.=When I was walking on the grassland, I saw a snake. The man speaking English is Tom. = The man who is speaking English is Tom. （3）表主动 The man speaking English is Tom = The man who speaks English is Tom. = The man who spoke English is Tom. Nobody dinks boiling water but boiled water.= Nobody dinks water that is boiling but the water that has boiled. （4）表伴随 I stand outside waiting for Mr. Chen. I lie in bed reading a novel. （5）表性质；特点 The film is very moving. She is understanding, so you had better discuss your business with her. （6）概括性,一般性 Climbing mountain is very interesting. Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(概括性,一般性) Our work is serving the people． （7）动名词的逻辑主语为；①人称代词的所有格+动名词；②名词's+动名词。例如： Tom insisted on my going with them．他坚持要我和他们一起去。 He dislikes his wife's working late．他不喜欢他妻子工作得很晚。

(完整版)非谓语的用法总结

非谓语动词的用法总结 李靖 非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）不是真正意义上的谓语动词，在句中都不能单独作谓语。但都具有动词的某些特点，可以有自己的宾语或状语，构成非谓语动词短语。不定式表目的，表将来；动名词表主动，表进行；过去分词表被动，表完成。 一．作主语( 动名词、不定式、过去分词前面加being, 动名词做主语谓语动词用单数) 1）不定式、动名词都可做主语，但是动名词做主语多指抽象的概念性的动作，可以是多次的经常的行为；不定式多表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。如： Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火危险。（泛指玩火） To play with fire will be dangerous. 玩火会发生危险。 2）用动名词做主语的句型: It’s no use/no good/pleasure doing sth 做.......没有用处/好处/乐趣 It’s a waste of time doing sth 做.... 浪费时间 It is worth doing sth 值得做某事 It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收 It is worth making an appointment before you go. 去之前预约一下是值得的。 3）不定式做主语的句型. It is + adj +for sb to do sth. 比较：表示人的品质时只能用of sb 如considerate/kind/nice/foolish/stupid/rude/cruel /wise/clever/brave/selfish/crazy/good/careful/careless/impolite/right/wrong等单词出现 时。 It is silly of you to say so. It is important for us to learn English well. It is a must/ a necessity for us to have a good command of the English language. 4) “Wh- + to 不定式”可做主语。如： When to leave hasn’t been decided yet.什么时候动身还没定呢。 Whether to drive or take the train is still a problem.是自驾车还是乘火车仍是一个问题。 5）一般情况下，不定式和动名词作主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如： Seeing is believing.= To see is to believe 眼见为实。 . Planting flowers needs constant watering. 但and连接的多个动名词作主语，谓语动词大多用复数（如果前后动名词的语义一致， 谓语一般用单数）。如：Lying and stealing are immoral. 说谎与盗窃是不道德的。 6) 动名词前面可以加上形容词性物主代词构成动名词的复合结构。如： ----- What made him angry? ------ Mary’s /My/His/Her /Their/ The boy’s/ The president’s being late（made him angry. 7being，构成动名词，做主语。如： . Being examined twice a year , driver must obey in this city. 经典练习：

非谓语动词用法归纳(非常齐全)

it is / was no use / good + doing sth. it is / was not any use / good + doing sth. it is / was of little use / good + doing sth. it is / was useless doing sth. it is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。 it is of little good staying up too late every day. 每天都熬夜没有什么好处 2．不定式和动名词作宾语的区别 英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求： (1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语 afford, agree, arrange, choose, decide, hope, expect, offer, plan, promise, determine, demand, manage, fail, prepare, refuse, pretend, seem 常跟不定式作宾语的动词歌诀： 三个希望两答应，两个要求莫拒绝, 设法学会做决定,不要假装在选择。 hope; wish; want ; agree; promise demand; ask; refuse manage; learn; decide pretend ; choose 想要拒绝命令，需要努力学习,期望同意帮助，希望决定开始。

want ; refuse ; order need; try ; learn expect ; agree ; help hope ; wish ; decide ; begin ;start 2)下面的动词要求不定式做宾补：动词+宾语+动词不定式 ask要求，邀请get请，得到prompt促使 allow允许forbid禁止prefer喜欢，宁愿 announce宣布force强迫press迫使 bride 收买inspire鼓舞request请求 assist协助hate憎恶pronounce断定，表示 advise劝告exhort告诫，勉励pray请求 authorize授权，委托help帮助recommend劝告，推荐 bear容忍implore恳求remind提醒 beg请求induce引诱report报告 compel强迫invite吸引，邀请，summon传唤 command命令intend想要，企图show 显示 drive驱赶mean意欲，打算train训练 cause引起instruct指示require要求 deserve应受leave使，让tell告诉 direct指导like喜欢tempt劝诱 entitle有资格order命令warn告诫 enable使能够need需要urge激励，力说 encourage鼓励oblige不得不want想要 condemn指责，谴责lead引起，使得teach教

非谓语动词用法归纳

非谓语动词用法归纳 非谓语动词 在英语中，动词不定式、动名词和分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）可以出现在句子中除谓语以外的任何一个位置上，充当句子的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等成分，这些动词形式称为非谓语动词。 1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 (1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) (2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) （3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 It took me only five minutes to finish the job. 2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 (1)不定式作表语 1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。 2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。 To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 (2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。 Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务。 (注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。 His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected． (3)分词作表语 分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。 3．不定式和动名词作宾语的区别 英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求： (1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语(部分)： attempt企图enable能够neglect忽视afford负担得起demand要求long渴望 2)下面的动词要求不定式做宾补：动词+宾语+动词不定式： allow允许forbid禁止prefer喜欢，宁愿 bear容忍implore恳求remind提醒…… (2)有少数动词只能用动名词作宾语 admit 承认tolerate忍受dislike不喜欢，讨厌 involve卷入，包含practise 实行，实践suggest建议…… (3)有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别

英语非谓语动词用法总结(完整)

英语非谓语动词用法总结(完整) 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without ___________. A．recognizing B．being recognized C．having recognized D．having been recognized 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：本题考查动词的非谓语动词形式。句意：那位电影明星戴上墨镜。所以，他去买东西不会被认出来。根据题中的介词without判断，此后应该使用动词的动名词形式，由于他是被人认出的，所以应该用动名词的被动式，所以选B。 考点：考查非谓语动词的用法 2．In Australia, many road signs are now both in English and Chinese, ______ it easier for Chinese tourists to travel. A．making B．made C．make D．makes 【答案】A 【解析】考查状语从句。在澳大利亚，许多路标都是用英文和中文同时标识，使中国游客去旅游更加容易。根据与前面一句用逗号隔开，没有连词，故判断此空用非谓语动词，根据与主语是主动关系，故用动词-ing形式，用来修饰和补充上一句话，故选A。 3．115．______ his love, Chris sent his mom a thank-you note on Mother’s Day. A．Expressing B．Expressed C．To express D．Having expressed 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：为了表达他的爱，克里斯在母亲节那天给他的妈妈寄了一条感谢信。用不定式表目的，故选C。 4．Someone who lacks staying power and perseverance is unlikely to ______ a good researcher. A．make B．turn C．get D．grow 【答案】A 【解析】 考查动词辨析。make表示“发展成为(=develop into)”，是及物动词；turn表示“变成，成为”是不及物动词；get“变成，做成”是不及物动词；grow表示“生长，成长”。根据句意“缺乏智能和毅力的人是不可能成为一个好的研究人员的。”及句式结构可知，此处应使用及物动词表示“使成为”之意，make a good researcher 意为“成为一个出色的研究者”。故最佳答案应为A项。 5．________ terrible, the medicine was thrown away by the child.

(精心整理)非谓语动词用法总结

非谓语动词用法总结 非谓语动词是历年高考英语的重要考点之一，同时也是较难掌握的难点之一。它贯穿于英语学习和考试过程的始终。但是，只要认真分析、透彻理解、看透本质、准确把握，就一定能在高考中运筹帷幄，游刃有余。 一．非谓语动词区别简表

二．不定式的用法 不定式不可作谓语，但它可以有自己的宾语、状语，构成不定式短语，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语（表用途）、状语或补足语。高考对不定式的考查主要有不定式的时态、语态、作用、否定、省略、连词＋不定式等。 作主语 不定式作主语表示具体的动作，通常指一件已知的事或目的。 不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 eg:To say is a thing,to do is another.(说是一回事，做是另外一回事。)

（2）不定式短语较长时，通常放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语。 eg:①It is important to learn English well.(学好英语是重要的。) ②It is necessary for us to do the job well.(我们做好这项工作是必要的。) ③It is a great honor to be invited to give a speech here.(被邀请在这儿发表演讲是一个极大的荣幸。) 2.作宾语 （1）常只用不定式作宾语的动词有：want,wish,hope,long,expect,desire,intend ,decide,ask,promise,aim,offer,agree,plan,l earn,choose,refuse,fail,manage,pretend 等。 eg:①He refused to help me.(他拒绝帮助我.) ②She has agreed to come