2011-2012海外学院期末英语试卷题库

Read the text below and answer Questions 1-6 Questions 1-3

Look at the three holidays, A,B and C, on page 1.

For which holiday are the following statements true?

Write the correct letter,A, B or C, in boxes 1-3 on your answer sheet.

HOLIDAY PLUS

Need a break? Choose from these three wonderful holidays!

Holiday location

Price Number of nights Daily meals included in package Comments Transport to\from airport A Mountain Lodge A unique wilderness retreat on the edge of the World Heritage-listed National Park and only 5 km from the sea ＄330 1

Mountain buffet

breakfast

plus

Free soft drinks

always available Free canoeing Free talks in the evening

Free open-air

tennis courts

Horse-riding

optional extra Self-drive auto 1 hour 15 minutes or bus three times\week appro.2 hours B Pelican Resort

A true coral island right

on the Great Barrier Reef

Swim straight from the beach ＄58

4 Hot breakfast plus Beach picnic lunch plus set 4-course dinner Refurbishment: Resort will close for May Free minibus trip around island

Plane flights to

Wilson Island

only $50

1/2 hour by minibus C Cedar Lodge A blend of casual sophistication and rich rainforest ambience for those over 25 ＄740 4 Tropical breakfast Picnic lunch-optional extra

Oldest living

rainforest

Free bikes and

tennis courts;

horse-riding extra 10 mins by taxi

1 This holiday doesn't cater for young children.

2 This holiday provides a tour at no extra cost.

3 This holiday involves most travel time from the airport.

Questions 4-6

Answer the question below.

Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the text for each answer.

Write the correct letter,A, B or C, i n boxes 4-6 on your answer sheet

4 When will one of the holiday locations not be open?

5 Which two outdoor activities are provided at no extra cost at Mountain Lodge?

6 What is the fastest way to travel to Mountain Lodge?

Read the text below and answer Questions 7-14.

SYDNEY TRA VEL COOLLEGE

At this College we recommend the Multiplan policy.

Travel insurance requirements

As this course includes a total of three months' travel outside Australia,travel insurance is compulsory. If you are sick or have an accident in Australia ,your medical bills will be fully covered——however, you cannot assume that everything will be covered overseas, so please read the following requirement carefully.

1 Medical

Australia has reciprocal medical arrangements with the governments of the eight nations you will be visiting. This arrangement will cover all emergency hospital treatment. However, students will have to take out insurance such as Multiplan to cover the costs of all visits to doctor, and other none-emergency medical situation.

if you have a serious accident or illness, Multiplan insurance will cover the cost of your flight back to Australia, if required. Depending on the circumstances, this may also pay for ether medical personnel or family member to accompany you home. Multiplan insurance may not cover all pre-existing medical conditions-so before you leave be sure to check with them about any long-term illnesses or disabilities that you have.

If you do require medical treatment overseas, and you want to make a claim on your insurance, the claim will not be accepted unless you produce both your student card and your travel insurance card.

2 Belongings

The Multiplan policy covers most student requirements. In particular, it provides students with luggage insurance. This cover any loss or theft of your everyday belongs.

For example, this insurance covers:

●The present value of item that are stolen- provided that you have purchase receipts for every item; if no receipts, no payment can be made

●replacement value of your briefcase or backpack and study books

●portable computers and CD players, if you specifically list them as items in the policy

3 Cancellation

This insurance covers any non-refundable deposit and other costs you have paid if you have to cancel due to 'unforeseen or unforeseeable circumstances outside your control'. It dose not provide cover if you change your study or travel plans for other reasons.

Questions 7-14

Classifty the following events as being

A covered by government arrangements

B covered by the Multiplan policy

C not covered by the Multiplan policy

D covered in some situations

Write the correct letter,A, B or C, i n boxes 7-14 on your answer sheet.

7 A student travelling overseas suddenly needs hospital treatment.

8 A student consults a doctor regarding a minor problem while abroad

9 A parent goes overseas to bring an injured or sick student to Australia.

10 A student is treated overseas for an illness he\she had before leaving Australia

11 A student who requires medical treatment has lost his\her insurance card.

12 A student's study books are lost.

13 A student's laptop is stolen

14 A student changes his\her mind about plans to study and decides not to take the booked flight.

Read the text below and answer Questions 15-20

Kenichi Software：security guidelines for staff

General

It is in everyone's interest to maintain a high level of security in the workplace. You should

immediately challenge any person who appears to be on the premises without proper authorisation, or inform a senior member of staff about any odd or unusual activity.

Company Property

You are advised that it is with within the company's legal rights to detain any person on the grounds that they may be involved in the unauthorised removal of company property. The company reserves the right to search staff members leaving or entering the premises and to inspect any article or motor vehicle on company property. It is a condition of employment that you submit to such action if requested.

It is in your own interest to ensure that you have proper authority before removing any item of company property from a company building. Any member found removing company property from the building without proper authority will be subject to disciplinary action.

Identity Badges

You will be issued with an identity badge, which should be worn at all times when you are on company premises. The purpose of these bandage is to safeguard our security. Badges are issued by Human Resources, and contractors and people visiting the company on a one-off basis are also obliged to wear them.

Confidential Matters

In the course of you work you may have access to information relating to the company's business, or that of a supplier or customer. Such material, even where it appears comparatively trivial, can have a serious effect on the company, supplier or customer if it falls into the wrong hands. It is, therefore, essential that you should at all times be aware of the sereous view the company would take of disclosure of such material to outsiders.

You must treat as confidenttial all information, data, specifications, drawings and all documents relating to the company's business and\or its trading activities, and not divulge, use, or employ them except in the company's service. Before you leave the company,you must hand over to your manager all private notes relevant to the company's business,activities, prices, accounts, costs etc. Legal proceedings may be initiated for any misuse or unauthorised disclosure of such confidential information, whether during employment or afterwards.

Questions 15-20

Complete the sentence below.

Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the text for each answer.

Write your answer in boxes 15-20 on you answer sheet.

15 If you see anything suspicious, you should report it to a employee.

16 If the company wants to shop you and you, you have to agree to it.

17 If you take things belong to the company without permission, u\you will face .

18 Staff, and visitor must all wear a badge on company premises.

19 You must not pass on coinfidential information to

20 If you leave the company, you have to hand in any you have made on matters concerning the company.

Read the text below and answer Questions 21-27

Is Everyone Entitled To Paid Holidays?

The Working Time Regulations ( WTRs) introduced a new right to paid holidays for most workers. However, some workers were not covered when the WTRs came into force in October 1998. Since the regulations were amended, with effect from 1 August 2003, the majority of these workers have been entitled to paid holidays, and since 1 August 2004 the regulation have also applied to junior doctors.

Workers who qualify are entitled to no fewer than four weeks of paid holiday a year, and public holidays ( normally eight days in England and Wales ) count towards this. However, workers and employers can agree longer holidays.

For the first years of work, especial accrual rules apply. For each month of employment, worker are entitled to one twelfth of the annual holiday. After the first year year of employment, you can take your holiday entitlement at any time, with your employer's approval.

Before taking holidays, you must give your employer notice of at least twice the length of the holiday you want to take: for instance, to take a five-day holiday, you must give at least ten days' notice, if your employer does not want you to take that holiday, they can give you counter-notice equal to the holiday —for example, five days' notice not to take a five-day holiday.

If the employer wants you to take holiday at a given time, e.g. When there is a shutdown at same time every year, they must give you notice of a at least twice the length of the holiday. There is no right for the worker to take that holiday at a different time.

Holidays cannot not be carried over to the next year, unless your contract of employment allows this to happen. Nor can you be paid in lieu of your holiday. However, when you leave the job, you are entitled to receive payment for any outstanding holiday, provided your contract specifically allows for this.

It may be that your contract gives you better rights, or your holiday rights might be specified in a collective agreement. Your onion representative can advise you on this.

Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND\OR A NUMBER from the text for each answer.

Write your answer in boxes 21-27 on you answer sheet.

21 In what year were the regulations extended to cover most of the workers who were originally excluded?

22 What is the minimum annual paid holiday which workers are entitled to?

23 During a worker's first year of employment, what proportion of their annual holiday does a month's work give?

24 What can an employer give a worker to stop them taking holiday that they have requested?

25 What is given as a possible reason for an employee having to take a holiday at a certain time?

26 When an employee leaves their job, what should be given in place of any holiday they have not taken?

27 Apart from a contract, what type of document may set out an employee's holiday rights? Question 28-33

The text on page 113 and 114 has eight sections, A-H.

Choose the correct heading for sections C-H from the list of heading below.

Write the correct number, i-ix , in boxes 28-33 on your answer sheet.

List of headings

I.Where to buy the best Echinacea

II.What 'snake oil' contained

III.Growing Echinacea

IV.How to use the Echinacea plant

V.Earlier applications of Echinacea

VI.The origins of the term 'snake oil'

VII.Early research into the effectiveness of Echinacea

VIII.How 'snake oil' was first invented

IX.The use of Echinacea in new locations

X.Modern evidence of the effectiveness of Echinacea

XI.Early kinds of 'snake oil'

Examples Answers

Section A vi

Section B xi

28 Section C

29 Section D

30 Section E

31 Section F

32 Section G

33 Section H

Snake Oil

Back in the days of America's Wild West, when cowboys roamed the range and people were getting themselves caught up in gunfights, a new phrase-'snake oil' -entered the language. It was a dismissive term for the patent medicines, often useless, sold by travelling traders who always claimed miraculous cures for everything from baldness to snakebite.

Selling 'snake oil' was almost as risky a business as cattle stealing; you might be run out of town if your particular medicine, as you realised it would, failed to live up to its claims. Consequently, the smarter "snake oil sellers left town before their customers had much chance to evaluate the 'cure' they had just bought.

The remarkable thing about many of the medicines dismissed then as 'snake oil' is not so much that they failed to live up to the outrageous claims made for them —those that weren't harmless coloured water could be positively dangerous. What's remarkable is that so many of the claims made for some of these remedies, or at least their ingredients, most of them plant based, have since been found to have at least some basis in fact.

One, Echinacea, eventually turned out to be far more potent than even its original promoter claimed. Echinacea first appeared in ' Meyer's Blood Purifier ', promoted as a cure-all by a Dr H.C.F. Meyer - a lay doctor with no medical qualifications, 'Meyer's Blood purifier', claimed not only to cure snakebite, but also to eliminate a host of other aliments.

Native to North America, the roots of Echinacea, or purple coneflower, had been used by the Plains Indians for all kinds of ailments long before Meyer came along. They applied poultices of it to woulds and stings, used it for teeth and gum disease and made a tea from it to treat everything from colds and measles to arthritis. They even used it for snakebite.

Settlers quickly picked up on the plant's usefulness but until Meyer sent samples of his 'blood purifier' to John Lloyd, a pharmacist, it remained a folk remedy. Initially dismissing Meyer's a claim as nonsense, Lloyd was eventually converted after a colleague, John King, tested the herb and successfully used it to treat bee stings and nasal congestion.

In fact, he went much further in his claim than Meyer ever did and by the 1890s a bottle of tincture1 of Echinacea could be found in almost every American home, incidentally making a fortune for Lloyd's company, Lloyd Brother Pharmacy.

As modern antibiotics became available, the use of Echinacea products declined and from the 1940s to the 1970s it was pretty much forgotten in the USA. It was a different story in Europe, where both French and German herbalists and homeopaths continued to make extensive use of it.

It had been introducedthere by Gerhard Madaus, who travelled from Germany to America in 1937, returning with seed to establish commercial plots of Echinacea. His firm conducted extensive

research on echinacin, a concentrate they made from the juice of flowering tops of the plants he had brought back. It was put into ointment, liquids for internal and external use, and into products for injections.

There is no evidence that Echinacea is effective against snakebite, but Dr Meyer- who genuinely believed in Echinacea- would probably be quite amused if he could come back and see the use to which modern science has put ' his' herb. He might not be surprised that science has confirmed Echinacea's role as a treatment for wounds, or that it has been found to be helpful in relieving arthritis, both claim Meyer made for the herb.

He might though be suprised to learn how Echinacea is proving to be an effective weapon against all sorts of disease, particularly infections. German reasearchers had used it successfully to a range of infections and it to be effective against bacteria and protozoa2 .

There are many other intriguing medical possibilities for extracts from the herb, but its appearent ability to help with our more common ailments has seen thousands of people become enthusiastic coverts. Dozens of packaged products containing extracts of Echinacea can now be found amongst the many herbal remedies and supplements on the shelves of health stores and pharmacies. Many of those might be the modern equivalents of 'snake oil', but Echinacea at lesst does seem to have some practical value.

Echinacea is a dry prairie plant, drought-resistant and pretty tolerant of most soils, alough it does best in good soil with plenty of sun. Plants are usually grown from seed but they are sometimes available from nurseries. Echinacea is a distinctive perennial with erect, hairy, spotted stems up to a metre tall. Flower heads look like daisies,with purple rayed florets and a ddark brown central cone. The leaves are hairy; the lower leaves are oval to lance-shaped and coarsely and irregularly toothed.

There are nine species of Echinacea in all but only three are generally grown for medicinal use. All have similar medicinal properties. Most European stuidies have used liquid concentrates extracted from the tops of plant, whereas extraction in the USA hasusually been from the roots. Today most manufacturers blend both, sometimes adding flowers and seeds to improve the quality.

There are nine species of Echinacea in all but only three are generally grown for medicinal ose. All have similar medicinal properties. Most European studies have used liquid concentrates extracted from the tops of plants, whereas extraction in the USA has usually been from the roots. Today mos manufacturers blend both, sometimes adding flowers and seeds to improve the quality.

For the home grower, the roots of all species seem equally effective. Dig them up in autumn after the first frost.wash and dry them carefully and store them in grass coiners. You can harvest the tops throughout the summer and even eat small amounts of leaf straights from plant.

Even if you don't make your fortune from this herb, there are few sights more attractive than a field of purple coneflowers in all their glory. And with a few Echinacea plants nearby, you'll never

go short of a cure.

In boxes 34-40 on your answer sheet, write

TRUE if the statement agrees with the information FALSE if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

34 Snake oil sellers believed their product was effective.

35 Most people in the Wild West mistrusted 'snake oil'.

36 Some 'snake oils' were mostly water.

37 All 'snake oils' contained Echinacea.

38 Echinacea has been proven to kill microbes

39 The highest quality Echinacea is grown in America.

40 More than one part of the Echinacea plant has a medicinal use.

TEST B

Read the text below and answer Questions 1-8

Consumer advice on buying shoes

If you have a problem with shoes you've recently bought, follow this four-step plan.

Step 1

Go back to the shop with proof of purchase. If you return faulty shoes once, you have a right to insist on a refund. It is also likely that you will get one if you change your mind about the shoes and take them back immediately. But, if you ddelay or you've had some use out of the shose, the shop may not give you all your money back. It depends on the state of the shoes and how long you've had them.

If you are offered a credit note, you don'thave to accept it. If you accept it, you will usually not be able to change it for cash later on. So, you may be left with an unwanted credit note, if you cannot find any other shoes you want from the shop.

The shop may want to send the shoes back to head office for inspection. This is fair and could help to sort things out. But don't be put off by the shop which claims that it's the manufacture's responsibility. This isn't true. It's the shop's legal duty to put things right.

Step 2

If you don't seem to be getting anywhere, you can get help. Free advice is available from a Citizens Advice Bureau (get the address from your telephone book), or from a local Trading Standards Department. Against, consult the telephone directory under County, Regional or Council. All these departments have people who can advise you about faculty goods and what to do with them.

Step 3

Most shops are covered by the Foodwear Code of Practice. If the shop you are dealing with is covered, you can ask for the shoes to be sent to the Foodwear Testing Centre for an independent opinion. The shop has to agree with whatever the resulting report says. There is a charge of ￡21. You pay ￡7 and the shop pays the rest.(including postage).

Step 4

As a last resort, you can take your case to court. This is not as difficult as it sounds. The small claims procedure for amounts up to ￡1000(￡750 in Scotland) is a cheap, easy and informal way of taking legal action.

The relevant forms are available from your nearest County Court or, in Scotland, the Sheriff Court. You can get advice and leaflets from the Citizens Advice Bureau. Alternatively, some bookshops sell advice packs which contain the relevant forms.

Questions 1-8

In boxes 1-8 on your answer sheet, write

TRUE if the statement agrees with the information

FALSE if the statement contradicts the information

NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

1.If you return unwanted shoes straightaway, with a receipt, the shop will probably give you a

refund.

2.You are advised to accept a credit note if you are offered one.

3.The factory is responsible for replacing unwanted shoes

4.You can ask any shoe shop to send shoes to the Footwear Testing Centre.

5.Shops prefer to give a credit note rather than change shoes.

6.The customer contributes to the cost of having faculty shoes test ed.

7.The procedure for making a legal claim is easier in Scotland.

8.Legal advice and forms can be bought from certain shops.

Read the text below and answer Questions 9-14.

LOST CARDS

If you discover that your creadit credit card, cheque book, debit card or cash card is missing, telephone the creit card company or bank as soon as possible. Follow this up with a letter. If you suspect theft, tell the police as well. In mostcircumstance, provide you act quickly, you will not have to pay any bill which a thief runs up on your account. Most home insurance policies will also cover you against even this limited risk.

Because plastic money is now so common, central registration schemes such as Credit Card Shield and Card Protection System exist to help customers whose card are lot or stolen. Under the schemes you file details of all your cards - including cash cards and account cards issued by shops - with a central registry, for a small annual fee. Then, if any all of your cards are stolen, you need to make only one phone call to the registry, which is open around the clock 365 days a year. As soon as you have called, your responsibility for any bill run up by the thief ends and the scheme's stall make sure that all the companies whose card you had are notified.

What you stand to lose on a stolen card

CREDIT CARD You will not have to pay more than ￡250 of the bills a thief runs up with your

card. If you report the loss before the card is used, you will not have pay anything.

CHEQUES AND GUARANTEE CARD Unless you have been careless - by signing blank cheques, say - you will not have to pay for any forged cheques a thief uses. The bank or shop that accepts them will have to bear the loss.

DEBIT CARD (Switch or Visa Delta) The bank operate a system similar to that for credit cards, in that you are liable for bill up to ￡50.

If your cash card is stolen

Legally, you can be made to pay back any sums a thief withdraws using your card, but onlyup to the time you report the loss and up to ￡50,unless the bank can prove gross negligence, such as writing you personal identification number on your card.

●Never keep your card and a note of your personal number (which does not appear on the card) together.

●Memorise your personal number if possible. If you must make a note of it,disguise it as something else - a telephone number, say.

●The same rules and precautions apply to a credit card used as a cash card.

Question 9-14

Choose the correct letter, A, B,C or D.

Write the correct letter in box 9-14 on your answer sheet.

What should you do first if you lose a credit card?

A contact your insurance company

B write a letter

C contact the police

D make a phone call

Credit card shield is

A an insurance company which deals with card theft.

B a system for registering people's card details.

C an emergency telephone answering service.

D an agency for finding lost or stolen card.

When contacted, the Card Protection System company will

A inform the police about the loss of the card.

B get in touch with the relevant credit card companies.

C ensure that lost card are replaced.

D give details about the loss of card to shops.

You are fully covered by both banks and shops if you lose

A a cheque that is signed but bot otherwise completed.

B a blank unsigned cheque.

C a Swich card.

D a credit card.

If you have written your personal number on a stolen card, you may have to

A join a different credit card protection scheme.

B pay up to ￡50 for any loss incurred.

C pay for anything the thief buys on it.

D change your account to a different bank.

What happen if your cash is stolen?

A You arrange for the card to be returned.

B The bank stops you withdrawing mony.

C You may have to pay to ￡50 of any stolen mony.

D You cannot use a cash card in future.

Read the text below and answer Questions 15-21.

Recycling at work- handy hints to employers

It is estimated that avoidable waste costs UK businesses up to 4.5% of thir annual revenue. Reducing waste in the workplace is about being efficient. By becoming more efficient, businesses not only increase profits but they also save natural resources.

On the island of Jersey, for example, the amount of waste produced each year has doubled since 1980. In 2004 it topped 100000 tonnes - and 60% is generated by local businesses. A lot of waste for a small island!

Setting up a company scheme

Waste audit

Before starting a recycling scheme, perform an audit. This will make you aware of how much wast you are producing in the company.

Company policy

Consider switching your office waste contractor to one that provides a recycling service.

Buy recycle paper. Although this sometimes more expensive, costs can be reduced by lowering consumption and using duplex printers.

Get everyone involved

●Raise awareness internally within the company, perhaps by putting up educational posters.

●Allocate a person to be the point of contact for anyone with queries.

There are also a couple of ways to increase motivation:

●Hold internal competitions between different departments. For example, see which can reduce their waste the most within a specific time period.

●Send out regular newsletters reporting on all waste improvement. Staff will then see the impact their actions are having.

What to recycle and how

Paper

According to a recent survey, 65% of waste produced is paper waste. Waste paper will inevitably be produced in the workplace, but it's not necessary to discard it. It can be serve a varity of purposes before it is recycled, such as writing notes. Envelopes too can be re-used for internal mail.

Plastic cups

Rather than supplying disposable plastic cups in your workplace, get ceramic mugs that can be re-used. Not only do they make your tea taste better, but they can reduce your office waste by up to 1%

Electrical equipment

Rather than giving up on any old electrical equipment and just throwing it away, why not try upgrading it? This is reduces waste, as well as avoiding the need to manufacture a new machine - a process which creates a large amount of waste. You could also consider donating your old computers to charities when it comes to replacing them.

Question 15-21

Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the text for each answer.

Write your answer in boxes 15-21 on you answer sheet.

15 What does the writer think should be carried out in a company before it starts.

16 What machines can help to cut the stationary budge?

17 What can be displayed in the workplace to publicise the recycling scheme?

18 What can be distribute to motivate staff to recycle more?

19 What can unwanted paper be used for in the office?

20 What can be bought to cut down on the waste produced by staff refreshments?

21 Where can unwanted PCs be sent?

Read the text below and answer Questions 22-27

How to answer any interview question

To star, take a tip from consultants who coach executives on how to handle media interviews. They say you can deliver the message you want to an employer, regardless of the question you're asked.

'Unlike some politicians, who take no notice of press questions and immediately introduce a different topic in response, job candidates must answer employer's queries', says John Barford of the interview training firm Genesis. 'However, you can quickly make the transition from your answer to the important points you want to convey about your qualifications,' he says.

He advises candidates at job interviews to apply the formula Q = A + 1: Q is the the question; A is the answer; + is the bridge to the message you want to deliver; and 1is the point you want to make.

Diligent preparation is also necessary to effectively answer any interview question, say senior executives. They give a number of useful tips:

●Learn as much as you can beforehand. Ask company employees questions prior to job interviews to gain as much insight as you can. If the company is publicly owned, find out how viable it is by reading shareholder reports. You can then tailor what you say ti\o the company's issues.

● Be prepared for questions that require you to show how you handled difficult challenges. These questions require stories in response, but as its unlikely that you'll have one that fits every situation, try to recall some from your past experience that show how you coped with a range of issues.

● Count on being asked about a past mistake or blemish on your career record, and don't tryto dodge the issue. Ms Murphy, president of the Murphy group, a media interview training firm, says that it's important to steer clear of lies at all costs. Just answer the question and move on.

● When discussing a mistake, focus on the positive outcomes. 'You learn as much by by dropping the ball as you do by catching it', says senior executive Mr Friedmann. When he was being interviewed for his current job, he mentioned he had ben involved in many successful turnarounds and one that failed. 'And I said how I'd benefited in many ways from going through that experience,' he says.

Questions 22-27

Complete the sentence below.

Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the text for each answer.

Write your answer in boxes 22-27 on you answer sheet.

22 The writer warns candidates not to imitate the way that ignore question in interviews.

23 Interviewees are recommended to follow a certain to allow them to communicate their main points.

24 Senior executives advise candidates to request information from before an interview.

25 A candidate can also learn about a business by studying its .

26 The head of an interview training firm advise people to avoid telling .

27 In his job interview, one executive explained how he had considerably from

a previous failure.

Read the text below and answer Questions 28-40

TALKING POINT

Learning a second language fuels children's intelligence and makes their job prospects brighter. But the fact is, in New Zealand, as in many other English -speaking countries, speakers of two or more languages are in the minority. Eighty-four per cent of New Zealanders are monolingual (speakers of only one language). This leaves a small number who claim to speak two or more languages- a small percentage of whom were in New Zealand.

No matter how pround people are of their cultural roots, to speak anything other than English is a maker of different here. That's why eight-year-old Tiffany Dvorak no longer wishes to speaker her mother-tongue, german, and eight-year-old Ani Powell is embarrassed when people comment on the fact that she is able to speak Maori*. As Joanne Powell, Ani's mother, points out:'In Europe, it's not unsual for kids to be lilingual. But, if you speak another language to your children in New Zealand, there are some people who think that you are not helping them to become a ember of society.'

But in fact, the general agreement among experts is that learning a second language is good fr children. Experts believe that bilinguals-people who speak two languages-have a clear learning advantage over their monolingual schoolmates. This depends on how much of each language they can speak, not on which language is used, soit doesn't matter whether they are learning Maori or German or Chinese or any other language.

Cathie Elder, a professor of Language Teaching and Learning at Auckland University, says' A lot of studies have shown that children who speak more than one language sometimes learn one language more lowly, but in the end they do as their monolingual schoolmates, and often better, in the end they do as well as their monolingual schoolmates, and often better,in other subjects. The view is that there is an improvement in general intelligence from the effort of learning another language.'

Dr Brigitte Halford, a professor of linguistics ot Freiburg Univerty in Germany, agrees.'Bilinguals tend to use language better as a whole,' she says.'They also display greater creativity and problem-solving ability, and they learn further languages more easily.'

So with all of the benefits, why do we no show more ethusiasm for learning other languages?

Parents and teachers involved in bilingual education say pressure from friends at school, general attitudes to other languages in English-speaking countries, and problems in the school system are to blame.

In New Zealand, immigrants face the possibility of culture being lost along with the language their children no longer wish to speak. Tiffany's mother, Suanne Dvorak, has experienced this. When she and husband Dieter left Germany six years age to star up a new life in New Zealand, they though it would be the perfect opportunity to raise their two-year-old as a bilingual. After all, bilingual Turkish families in Germany were narmal and Susanne had read all the books she could find on the subject.

The idea was to have home as a German language environment and for Tiffany to learn English at nursery school. But when Tiffany went to nursery school she stopped talking completely. She was quiet for about or three months. Then, when she took up talking again, it was only in English. Concerned for her language development, Dieter started speaking English to his daughter while Susanne continued in German.

Today, when Susanne speaks to her daughter in German, she still answers in English."Or sometimes she speaks half and half. I checked with her teacher and she very seldom mixed up German and English at school. She speaks English like a New Zealander. It's her German that's behind,' says Susanne.

Professor Halford, also a mother of two bilingual children, says, 'It's normal for kids to refuse to speak their home language at the stage when they start to socialise with other kids in kindergarten or school'. But, she says, this like New Zealand, 'kids want to be like all the others and sometimes use bilingualism as one of the battlefields for finding their own identity in contrast to that that of their parents.'

She supports Susanne's approach of not pressuring her daughter.'Never force the child to use a specific language, just keep using it yourself. The child will accept that. There is often a time when children or teenagers will need to establish their own identity as different from their schoolmates and they use their other language to do so.'

Cathie Elder thinks immigrant parents should only speak English to their children if they are able to use English well themselves. 'What parents should do is provide rich language exprenciences for their children in whatever language they speak well. They may fell like outsiders and want to speak the local language, but it is more important for the child's language development to provide a lot of language experience in any language.'

There can be differences between children in attitudes to learning languages. Suanne Dvorak's two-year-old son, Danyaon, is already showing signs of speaking German and English equally well. While her 'ideal' scenario hasn't happened with Tiffany, she is aware thar her daughter has a certain bilingual ability which, although mainly passive at this stage, may develop later on.

Joanne Powell feels the same way about her daughter, Ani.'At the moment she may not want to speak Maori but that's okay because she'll pick it up again in her own time. It's more important that she has the ability to understand who she is. By learning another language she can open the door to another culture.

Donna Chan, 25, a marketing special for IBM, arrived here with parents from Hong Kong when she was four. She also remembers refusing to be bilingual. 'It's quite beneficial speaking another language in my job. Last year, my company sent me to a trade fair in Hong Kong I could speak Chinese. Being bilingual definitely opens doors,' she says.

Questions 28-31

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the text?

In boxes 1-8 on your answer sheet, write

TRUE if the statement agrees with the information

FALSE if the statement contradicts the information

NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

28 Most people who speak a second language in New Zealand were born in other country.

29 Most New Zealanders believe it is good to teach children a second language.

30 Chinese is the most common foreign language in New Zealand.

31 Some languages develop your intelligence more than others.

Question 32-38

Look at the following statements (Question 32-38) and the list of people below.

Match each statement with the correct person, A-E.

Write the correct letter, A-E, in box 32-38 on your answer sheet.

NB You may use any letter more than once.

32 Children learning two languages may learn one language faster.

33 It has been unexpectedly difficult to raise a bilingual child in New Zealand.

34 Her daughter sometimes speaks a misture of two languages

35 Children's attitudes to languages parents speak with their children.

36 It is not important which language parents speak with their children.

37 Learning a second language provides opportunities to learn another culture.

38 Speaking a second language provides work opportunities.

List of people

A Cathie Elder

B Brigitte Halford

C Susanne Dvorak

D Joanne Powell

E Donna Chan

Question 39

Choose TWO letters, A-F.

Write the correct letters in box 39 on your answer sheet

39 Which TWO people stopped speaking one language as a child?

A.Donna Chan

B.Susanne Dvorak

C.Tiffany Dvorak

D.Cathie Elder

E.Brigitte Halford

F.Joanne Powell

Question 40

Choose TWO letters, A-F.

Write the correct letters in box 39 on your answer sheet.

40 Which TWO people think that their children's language may develop as they get older?

A.Donna Chan

B.Susanne Dvorak

C.Tiffany Dvorak

D.Cathie Elder

E.Brigitte Halford

F.Joanne Powell

Friends

Elva Robison will never forget the phone call she received one September morning. Her daughter, Dianne, a 22-year-old college student, had been killed in a car accident.

The week and months that followed were full of grief for Elva. Relatives, church members and neighbors in her tiny farming town of Blue Mound, Kan, reached out to her and her family. But Elva drew the greatest comfort from her old heigh school friend, Irma Hyson. It happened that Irma had lost her 21-year-old daughter, Nancy, in a car accident just a year before.

Now Irma and Elva would spend hours crying and talking about their daughters. Sometimes they would bring flowers to the cemetery together. Irma understood like no one else what Elva was felling, and that gave Elva strength.

In the many years since then, the two women have continued to share in one another's losses, hardships - and joys.' I don't know what I'd do without her,' Elva says of Irma.' I've told her,'You have saved my life.' And I know she feels the same way about me.'

Some students find that having a wide range of social contacts - belonging to church and community groups as well as having a network of friends - offers the greatest protection. But others show that most important is having even just a few close friends - 'Quality beats quantity all the time,' says Laura Carstensen of Stanford University. Elva and Irma would surely agree. Five years after Irma's daughter died, her husband, Paul, was killed in a tractor accident. Elva immediately went to Irma's side and helped with household tasks and anything else and she could.'She practically lived here for a while,' Irma says.

When Elva's husband, Truman, died in January 2001, Irma stayed close by her side. Elva's doctor suggested she counseling or join a support group for the bereaved. But Elva told him she really didn't need any of that because she had Irma.

Both celebrating their 84th birthdays this year, the two best friends stills drive, travel and keep guns handy to scare the wolves off their farms.

In fact, there's solid scientific evidence that friendship can extend life. People with strong social networks are shown to: increase their chance of surviving life-threatening illness; have stronger immune systems; improve their mental health; live longer than people without social support.

I. Select the most appropriate answer for each of the following questions based on the text.

1. What does the text mainly deal with?

A. The friendship between Elva and Irma.

B. The importance of social contact.

C. The life story of Elva and Irma

D. The sorrows bought by traffic accidents.

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