八年级英语语法归纳整理

八年级英语语法归纳整理(下册)

Topic1

一. 重点词汇

( 一 ) 词形转换:

1.discuss(名词) discussion

2.queen(对应词) king

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/0b12867101.html,fortable(名词) comfort

4.safely (形容词) safe (名词) safety

( 二 ) 词的辨析

1. find out / look for / find

2. cost / pay for / spend on

3. other /else

4. raise /rise

5.each /every

6.exciting / excited

(三)重点词组:

1.go on a visit to 去……旅行

2. make the decision 做决定

3.bring back 带回

4.go on a field trip 去野外旅行

5.decide on (upon) sth 对某事做出决定

6 see the sunrise 看日出

7. make a reservation 预订

8. come up with 想出(主意)

9. look forward to (doing) sth 期望

10. pay for 支付;赔偿

11. raise money 筹钱

12. book a ticket 订票

13. make a room for sb 为……订房间

14. have a wonderful time 玩得愉快

15. in the daytime 在白天

16. a two-day visit 为期两天的旅行

17.find out 查出

18. some places of interest 名胜

19. rooms with bathtub 带浴室的房间

20.a hard (soft) sleeper 硬(软)卧

21.my pleasure 不客气

二.重点句型及重点语言点

1. I have some exciting news to tell you. 我有一些激动人心的消息要告诉你们。

to tell you 是动词不定式短语，作定语。动词不定式作定语时常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。如： I have nothing to talk about. He has a lot of work to do.

2. Sounds great!= It sounds great! 听起来不错。

3. We will go on a two-day visit to Mount Tai. 我们将要去泰山玩两天。

go on a visit to 去参观/旅游 They went to a visit to Egypt last year.

类似有：go on a trip / go on a picnic

a two-day visit 为期两天的旅行 a two-month holiday 两个月的假期

an eighteen-year-old boy 一个18岁的男孩

4.It’s hard to say. 这很难说。To say 是动词不定式作主语，It 是形式主语。

如：It’s nice to meet you.

5. I’ll ask the airline on the phone. 我将打电话问问航空公司。同义句是：

I’ll phone and ask the airline.

6. Bring back your information to class tomorrow and we’ll decide on the best way to go on our field trip. 明天把你们查到的信息带到班上来，然后我们来决定最好的郊游方式。

bring back 带回。Please bring back your library books tomorrow.

decide on/upon sth 决定，选定We’re trying to decide on a sc hool.

7.It’s too far for cycling. 骑自行车去路太远了。同义句是：It’ too far to cycle there.

8.How long does it take to reach Mount Tai by…?乘……去泰山要花多长时间?

9.How much does it cost to go there ?去那里要花多少钱?

How much does a standard room cost ? 一个标准间的价格是多少?

10.We have tickets at 120 yuan for the hard sleeper and 180 yuan for the soft sleeper.

我们的票价是硬卧120元，软卧是180元。

at 意为“以……”，一般用于表示价格，年龄，速度等词的前面，for 意为“供，适合于”。I’ve got tickets at 80 yuan for The Sound of Music.

11.I’d like to book 20 tickets for the hard sleeper. 我要预订20张硬卧票。

20 tickets for the hard sleeper= 20 hard sleeper tickets

book tickets 预订票 book a room for sb/sth 为……预订房间

e.g. We want to book some rooms for 14th. 我们想预订一些14号的房间。

12.Please pay for the tickets before 5:30 p.m. 请在下午5：30之前付款。

Pay for 支付 pay for sb to do sth 付钱给某人做某事

e.g. Her parents paid for her to go to America.她的父母支付她去美国的费用.

13. I want to make a hotel reservation. 我想预订房间。

make a reservation 预订

14. We have rooms with a bathtub… 我们有带浴缸……的房间。

with 有或带着 a house with a swimming pool

a standard room with two single beds

15.It’s very common to raise money in Canadian and American schools. 在加拿大和美国的学校里筹钱是很正常的。raise money 筹钱 We can raise the money ourselves.

16.It costs each student one dollar to buy a ticket for the draw.每一个学生花一美元便可买到一张抽奖的票。

(1)each 作主语，谓语用单数 Each of the students spends one dollar buying a ticket.. (2)用于单数名词前，作定语，谓语用单数。Each student has their own e-mail address.

(3)用于复数主语后，作主语同位语，谓语用复数。They each have their own e-mail address.

17. I am looking forward to hearing from you . 我盼望收到你的来信。

Look forward to 盼望，期待 They are looking forward to solving the problem.

三.重点语法

动词不定式

(1) 动词不定式常跟这些及物动词之后，want ,refuse, forget, need , try, learn , like, agree, help, hope ,decide, begin等。可用顺口溜(要想拒绝忘记，需要努力学习，喜欢同意帮助，希望决定开始)

(2) 不定式的否定形式是在to的前面直接加not. My mother decided not to buy a computer for me.

(3) 不定式可以和疑问词who , which ,when, where ,how, what等连用。 Can you tell me what to say at the meeting ? I don’t know how to get to the station.

(4) 本topic出现的句子有：

I have some exciting news to tell you.

I want to make a hotel reservation.

It is very common to raise money in Canadian and American schools.

The best way to raise money is to sell newspapers.

I think the most exciting way is to sell flowers in the evening.

Kangkang helped us to book the train tickets.

Topic2

一、重点词汇：

(一)词形转换：

1.explore(名词) explore

2. east (形容词) eastern

3.north(形容词) northern

4. push (反义词) pull

5.sadly(形容词) sad (名词) sadness

6. crowd (形容词) crowded

(二)重点词组:

1.make a plan 拟定计划

2. make sure 确信，确保

3. come along with 和……一起来

4. at the foot of 在……的脚下

5. be surprised at 对……感到惊奇

6. be satisfied with 对……感到满意

7. out of sight 看不见

8. step on one’s toes 踩着某人的脚

9. can’t help doing sth 忍不住做某事

10. spread over 分布于

11.rush out 冲出去

12.raise one’s head 抬头

13.ask sb for help 向某人求助

14.thank goodness 谢天谢地

二. 重点句型及重点语言点

1. While you were enjoying your trip, I was busy preparing for my exams.当你在旅行时，我正忙于准备考试。

(1)be busy doing sth,/ be busy with sth 忙于做某事

I’m busy preparing for my birthda y party these days.

(2)while 当……时候，引导时间状语从句。当一个动作在正在进行时，另一个动作也同时进行。While my mother was cooking , I was watching TV.

2.Would you help me plan a trip ? 请你帮我定个旅行计划好吗?

Would you 比will you 语气更加客气，委婉, 类似还有could you

Could you come along with us ?

3. They surveyed the area to make sure their tombs faced south and had mountains at the back. 他们仔细勘测了整个区域，确保这些陵墓是坐北朝南，而且在背后有群山环绕。

make sure 确信，确保 Make sure all the windows are closed before you leave.

4.It’s about two and a half hours by bike. 骑自行车大约要2个半小时。

Two and a half hours = two hours and a half

5.It’s to the east of Yongling. 它在永陵的东面。

to the +方位词+of (表示互不接壤) Japan is to the east of China.

on the +方位词+of (表示相互接壤)Fujian is on the south of Zhejang .

in the +方位词+of 表示在某一范围内的地区 Beijing is in the north of China.

6.They walked into Dingling and were surprised at the wonders. 他们走进定陵，对那里的奇观感到很惊奇。

be surprised at 对……感到很惊奇 He is surprised at dragons.

be surprised to do sth 惊奇地做某事 She was surprised to find she was lost.

7.…so they had to look for s pace to park their bikes 他们不得不寻找停自行车的地方

space 空间 Can you make space for this old man ?

8. While the crowd was pushing him in different directions, someone stepped on his toes.

当人群从四面八方挤来时，有人踩了他的脚。

in one’s direction 朝着某人的方向step on one’s toes踩了某人的脚

step on sth 踩某物Don’t step on the flowers and grass.

9.When he finally rushed out of the crowd, he noticed his friends were both out of sight.

当他最后冲出人群时，他注意到他的两个朋友都不见了。

notice sb do sth 注意某人做了某事 notice sb doing sth注意某人正在做某事

10. As soon as the three boys saw each other, they all jumped up happily.

三个男孩一见面，就高兴得跳了起来。

as soon as 引导时间状语从句意为“一……就”

He left as soon as he heard the news.

I’ll tell him as soon as I see him.

11.He didn’t raise his head until someone called his name. 直到有人喊他的名字，他才抬起头。not …until 直到……才

12.They were so lovely that we couldn’t help playing with them.

它们太可爱了，我们禁不住和它们一起玩。

can’t help doing sth 忍不住做某事When I heard the funny news, I couldn’t help laughing.

13. I am satisfied with everything in China. 我对在中国的一切感到满意。]

be satisfied with 对……感到满意 He is satisfied with my work.

14.. We even asked the guard for help. 我们甚至向保安寻求帮助。

ask sb for help 向某人求助 The lost boy asked the police for help.

三.重点语法时间状语从句

1。引导词：

(1) when, while , as 当……时候. when 后可跟短暂性动词也可跟延续性动词;while 后跟延续性动词;as 多用于口语，强调同一时间，或一前一后。

The students were talking in the classroom when the teacher came in.

= While the students were talking in the classroom , the teacher came in. 学生在教室里谈话时，老师进来了。

Mother always sings as she cooks dinner for us. 妈妈总是边给我们做饭边唱歌。

(2)not … until 直到……才，主句谓语动词常用短暂性动词。

I won’t leave here until the rain stops.

He didn’t sleep until his mother came back home.

(3) after 在……之后，before 在……之前，as soon as 一……就

I went to sleep after I finished my homework..= I finished my homework before I went to sleep.

As soon as the bell rings , the students will go into the classroom.

2. 时态

(1)当主句为一般过去时时，从句常用过去的某种时态。

While I was doing my homework , the telephone rang.

(2)当主句的时态为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。

I will call you as soon as I get to Beijing.

本topic出现的句子有：

1.While you were enjoying your trip, I was busy preparing for my exams.

2.He didn’t raise his head until someone called his name.

3.While the crowd was pushing him in different directions, someone stepped on his toes.

.4. As soon as the three boys saw each other, they all jumped up happily.

5.After they rode their bikes for two and a half hours, Kangkanf , Michael and Darren arrived at the Ming Tombs.

6.As they were exploring happily, the crowd became larger and larger.

Topic3

一、重点词汇：

(一)词形转换：

1. death (动词) die (形容词 )dead 2 slow (副词) slowly

3.crossing(动词)cross 介词) across

4. success(动词)succeed (形容词successful

5.Pain (形容词) painful

6. lead (名词) leader

7.final (副词) finally 8impossible (反义词) possible

9 courage (动词) encourage

(二)重点词组:

1.Slow down 减速

2. run into 撞到

3. avoid doing sth 避免防止做某事

4. warn sb to do sth 警告/提醒某人做某事

5. ride into 进入跻身于

6 get used to (doing) 习惯于做某事

7. a sharp turn 急转弯

8. be popular with 受……的欢迎

9. get a fine 处以罚金

10. go on doing sth 继续做某事

11. the way to success 成功之路

12. obey the traffic rules 遵守交通规则

13.break the traffic rules 违反交通规则

14. be afraid of doing sth 害怕做某事

15.be famous for 因……闻名

16. be in danger 处于危险中

17.after a while 一会儿

二. 重点句型及重点语言点

1.I think traffic in Beijing is crazy. 我认为北京的交通很拥堵。

traffic 是不可数名词

2. If people obey the traffic rules , there will be fewer accidents. 如果人们都遵守交通规则，交通事故将会减少。

If we break the traffic rules, it will be dangerous and we will get a fine.如果人们违反交通规则，将很危险，我们会受到处罚的。

这是if 引导条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。

3.I feel a little more confident. 我感到自信多了。

more confident 是比较级

4. It can help us save energy and avoid pollution. 这样可以节约能源以及避免空气污染。 avoid sth / doing sth 避免做某事

You should avoid making the mistake like that.

He ran into the wall to avoid hitting the truck.

5.Bicycles are popular with people. 自行车深受人们欢迎。

Be popular with 受……欢迎

6 It warns us to be more careful. Warn sb (not)to do sth 警告/提醒某人做某事

He warned her to keep silence. Warn sb about sth 提醒某人某事

7.Most people think bicycles are much safer than any other vehicle.大部分人认为自行车比其他交通工具要安全些。

8..However, his way to success didn’t go well. 然而，他的成功之路并非一帆风顺。

The way to success 成功之路 success in doing sth 在……成功

I didn’t have much success in finding a job. 我找工作没什么结果。

9.Like the other challenges in his life, Lance faced it head-on. 像面对生命中其他挑战一样，兰斯迎头面对。

10.It seems impossible to beat him. 打败他似乎是不可能的。

beat sb 打败某人 win a game /match/ a gold medal

It seems +adj+to do sth 做某事似乎……

She always seems to be sad.

三.重点语法条件状语从句

1.条件状语从句由if(如果)，unless(除非)等引导的，谓语动词常用一般现在时表示将来，主句用一般将来时。

主句 if从句

Will (must, should, may) 一般现在时

如：I won’t go if he doesn’t go .

We will pass the exam if we study hard.

We won’t pass the exam unless we study hard..

2. 祈使句+and/or 引导的结果句，祈使句在意义上相当于条件状语从句。

如：Hurry up, or you’ll be late.= If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be

late.=You’ll be late unless you hurry up.

Study hard, and you will pass the exam.= If you study hard, you will pass the exam

八年级下册英语期中复习总结指导(上)

二、难点解析

1. look

(1)look在此句中用作连系动词,意为“看起来”。

1)后跟形容词。如：

You look well/fine/healthy. 你看起来很健康。

The teacher looks happy. 老师看上去很高兴。

She looks pale. 她面色苍白。

2)后跟过去分词。如：

You look tired; you’d better have a rest. 你看上去很累,你最好休息一下。3)后跟名词。如：

He looks a nice, honest man. 他看上去是个诚实的好人。

4)后跟介词短语等。如：

He looks in good health. 他看来十分健康。

(2)用作不及物动词,意为“看,望,瞧”。

1)单独使用时,后不跟介词。如：

I looked but saw nothing. 我看了,但什么也没看见。

Look! Here comes the bus. 瞧!汽车来了。

Look before you leap. 三思而后行。

2)和at连用。如:

The teacher is looking seriously at us. 老师正严肃地看着我们。

Look at these pictures. How beautiful they are! 看这些画,它们是多么漂亮啊!

3)和其它某些介词或副词连用:

look after 照看，照料

look for 寻找

look around 四下环顾;到处寻找

look back on 回想，回顾

look down on 看不起

look forward to 盼望

look into 朝……里面看

look on...as 把某人看作

look out 当心

look over 仔细检查;翻阅

look through 浏览;仔细检查;看穿

look up 抬头看;查;找出

2. want

want 表示“想要”，有以下用法：

①want+名词“想要某物”

I want a bottle of juice. 我想要一瓶果汁。

②want to do sth.“想要干某事”

He wants to go to a movie. 他想去看一部电影。

③want sb. To do sth.“想要某人干某事”

I want you to play with me. 我想要你和我一块玩。

3. be going to

(1)be going to 是一种固定结构，它后面要接动词原形，用来表示按计划或安排要发生的动作，有时也可以表示推测将要或肯定会发生的动作，有“准备;打算”的意思。含有be going to 结构的句子中往往有表示将来的时间状语。如：

We are going to have a class meeting this afternoon.

今天下午我们打算开班会。(安排)

Look at the black clouds. It’s going to rain.

看那些乌云，快要下雨了。(推测)

(2)be going to 在肯定句中的形式

be going to 结构中的助动词be很少用原形，它一般有三种形式，即：am , is , are。当主语是I时用am;当主语是第三人称单数时用is;当主语是其他人称时用are。如：

I am going to buy something tomorrow morning.

明天早上我要去买些东西。

She is going to see Mr. Wang this afternoon.

她打算今天下午去看望王先生。

(3)含be going to 的句子变否定句和一般疑问句的变法

由于句子中有助动词be，因此be going to 的否定句和一般疑问句的构成很容易，即在be (am, is, are) 的后面加上not 就构成了否定句;把be (am, is, are) 放到句首，在句末加问号就构成了一般疑问句，其答语为：Yes, 主语+ am/is/are. / No, 主语+

i sn’t/aren’t. / No, I’m not.不过 I am... 在改为一般疑问句时常常改为“Are

you ....?”。如：

They are going to see the car factory next week. (肯定句)

They are not going to see the car factory next week. (否定句)

—Are they going to see the car factory next week?

—Yes, they are. (No, they aren’t.) (一般疑问句及其回答)

(4)使用be going to 应注意的两点

①There be 句型的be going to 结构为：There is / are going to be... (注意句型中going to 后面的be不能改为have。) 常用来表示将有某事发生。如：There is going to be a football match next Saturday in our school.

下周六我们学校将有一场足球比赛。

②come, go, leave, arrive等表示位置移动的动词常用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作，它们很少与be going to 结构连用。如：

Miss Sun is coming tonight.

今晚孙小姐要来。

4. be able to

be able to do 和can 的含义基本相同，但二者有一定的区别。

表示“能力”时，can常指现在，较be able to更常用;如果只表示能力时，两者都可用;但若表示过去的能力+特定行为时，则要用was/were able to;若指将来才具备的能力则只能用shall/will be able to表示。如：

I can/am able to swim. (现在时，二者皆可)

我会游泳。

The baby will be able to walk in a few weeks. (表示将来的能力，不能用can) 这个婴儿几周后将能走路。

5. sure

我相信李先生一定会感到惊讶和快乐。

sure 是形容词，意为“肯定的，当然的”。常用来回答一般疑问句，等于 Yes或Certainly。sure的用法：

(1)be sure+不定式。常用于祈使句，表示要求，意为“务必、请一定”。指外界的看法。如：

I think he’s coming, but I’m not quite sure.

我认为他就要来了，但我不是很肯定。

Be sure to telephone me and give me all the news.

务必打电话给我并告诉我所有消息。

(2)be sure+of或about。意为“相信，对……有把握”，后接名词、代词或动词的-ing 形式。常用来表示“人对某事的看法”，指主观上的看法。如：

Are you sure of that meeting?

你相信那场会吗?

He is sure about this answer.

他对答案很有把握(胸有成竹)。

(3)be sure+从句。表示“某人对……有把握”。如：

I’m sure that he is coming to help me.

我相信他会来帮我的。

The teacher is sure that these books are interesting.

老师很有把握地说那些书非常有趣。

(4)make sure意为“务必、确信”，其后也可接of或about或动词不定式或that从句。如：

I made sure (that) he was badly ill.

我确信他病的很严重。

Will you make sure of his return?

你能确保他返回吗?

Make sure to come to the party on time.

务必准时到晚会来。

6. be popular with somebody

popular 形容词流行的, 受欢迎的

a popular song 一支通俗歌曲

She is popular at school. 她在学校里很受人喜欢。

如果表示“受某人的欢迎，在某人中流行”，用短语：be popular with somebody,如：This dance is popular with young people. 这种舞很受青年人喜爱。

7. deal with的用法

(1)deal with意为“处理”。deal的过去式和过去分词都是dealt。如：

I don’t know how to deal with the problem.

我们不知道如何处理这个问题。

At the beginning of this term, we’ll have many difficulties to deal with.

这学期开始我们将有许多难题要解决。

That matter needs to be dealt with. 那件事需要处理了。

(2)deal with还可以作“对待;对付”解。如：

The old lady is hard to deal with. 那个老太太很难对付。

What is the best way of dealing with the cruel enemy?

对付残忍的敌人最好的办法是什么?

(3)deal with 还可以作“论述或谈论(某问题)”解。如：

This book deals with problems of pollution.

这本书论述污染问题。

He made a speech at the conference, dealing with folk music.

他在大会上做了一次演讲，谈民间音乐。

8. be afraid of

be afraid of doing something 表示害怕(担心)会发生某种不愿发生的或不应发生的情况(不一定是令人畏惧的情况)，可译为“唯恐(怕)”;be afraid to do something 害怕(不敢)去做某事，(常会发生对自己或别人有伤害或令人畏惧的结果)。如：

She was afraid of waking her husband up.

可能丈夫病了或很累，不应吵醒他。(恐怕发生不应发生的可能后果)

She was afraid to wake her husband up.

如叫醒丈夫，可能他要发火，责备她。(害怕去做应当做或必须做的事)

I am afraid of asking the teacher.

我害怕问老师。(要麻烦老师，是我不希望发生的)

I am afraid to ask the teacher.

我不敢问老师。(表示有必要去问，但老师可能要批评我)

9. instead of

(1)instead of 的意思是“代替……”、“而不……”，其主动用法如下：

1)作为短语介词，instead of 后面常跟名词、代词和动名词，偶尔也跟复合结构。例如：

Instead of lending a hand, he laughed at us.

他不仅没有帮我们一把，反而嘲笑我们。

They must make up their own minds instead of our making up their minds for them.

他们必须自己做出决定，而不是由我们来代替他们作决定。

It’s me that sho uld ask you instead of you asking me.

应该是我问你而不是你问我。

2)instead of 后面还可跟形容词、副词、动词、不定式、介词短语和从句，这时他相当于连词，但也有不少人认为他们是介词。但是，对我们中学生来说，重要的不是他的词性，而是他的用法。请看下面的例句：

Taking exercise every day makes him look younger instead of older.

每天锻炼身体使他显得更年轻而不是苍老。(连接形容词)

But the businessman grew worse instead of better.

但这位商人的情况没有好转，反而进一步恶化了。

I go to bed late instead of early.

我总是很晚才睡。(连接副词)

That increased instead of decreased our courage.

那增加了我们的用勇气不是减少了我们的勇气。

He proposes to do some work instead of to watch television.

他提议做些工作而不是看电视。(连接不定式)

A word of encouragement might have made me respect instead of hate him.

他若是说一句鼓励的话，那么我或许不会恨他，反而会敬重他。(连接不定式)

In warm weather he often reads under a tree instead of in the library.

天气暖和的时候，他常常是在树下而不是在图书馆里读书。(连接介词短语)

As a result, silver began to flow out of, instead of into, the country.

结果，银开始流出而不是流入该国。

(2)instead单独使用时，与instead of不同，instead 是副词，意思是“代替”、“顶替”(=in place of that)。如：

Last summer I went to Qingdao. This summer I’m going to Dalian instead.

去年夏天我去了青岛。今年夏天我将去大连。

试比较下面的句子：

Instead of going to Qingdao. I’m going to Dalian this year.

今年我将去大连，而不去青岛。

以上两句意思虽然相同，但用instead这个副词时，句子中的动作是被“取”的，即要去做的，而用instead of时，of后面的动是被“舍”的，即不去做的。

10. take care of

take care of sb. = look after sb. 意思是“照顾某人”、“照料某人”。如：

I can take care of the baby all by myself.

我自己能照顾这个小孩。

11. 反身代词的用法

1)作动词或介词的宾语。如：

She bought herself a new skirt.

她给自己买了一条新裙子。

I make myself go over the text once again.

我让自己又看了一遍那篇课文。

My little sister wants to do her homework by herself.

我的妹妹想独立完成作业。

The writer told us a lot about herself.

作家告诉了我们关于她自己的许多事情。

如果反身代词前面的分词是指明位置的，就要用一般的人称代词而不用反身代词。例如：Mary looked behind her to see if her mother was there.

玛丽看看后面是否她的母亲在那里。

Did you have any money on you? 你身上有钱没有?

Did she take her dictionary with her? 她把字典带去了吗?

2)作同位语，以强调名词或人称代词，是“本人”、“亲自”的含义。如：

My mother herself closed the window. 我母亲自己关的窗户。

I did it myself. 我自己做的。

She saw that famous singer himself. 她看到那个明星本人了。

3)作表语。如：

She was not herself yesterday. 她昨天感到不舒服。

Now he is himself. 现在他好了。

注意：反身代词前面必须有先行词。例如：“我自己要去买钢笔。”不能说： Myself will go to buy a pen. 应该说：I myself will go to buy a pen.

12. too...to...太……以至不能……。如：

The boy is too weak to lift the heavy box.

这男孩太虚弱，举不起那个重箱子。

当too...to...跟少数形容词(如ready， glad，pleased，apt，willing，inclined，eager， easy，satisfied等)搭配时，不定式无否定意义。如：

He is too ready to promise.

他轻于许诺。

Beginners are too apt to make mistakes.

初学者极易出错。

He is too much inclined to give himself airs.

他太喜欢装模作样了。

需要注意的是，too...to...的否定形式not too...to...的意思是“不是太……而不能”。如：

He is not too young to dress himself.

他不是小得连衣服都不会穿。

It is never too late to learn.

活到老，学到老。

13. so ... that

so…that…如此……以致于……

so...that结构在某种情况下可以与enough to和too...to结构相互转换。如:

She is so short that she can’t reach the buttons of the lift. =She is too short to reach the buttons of the lift. 她是如此的矮，以致于够不到电梯的按扭。

so that也可以引导结果状语从句,意为“结果是;以致于”。如:

They missed the bus so that they were late for class.

他们错过了班车以致于上课迟到了。

注:so that也可引导目的状语从句,此时可用to或in order to替换,将其改为简单句。如:

He got up early so that he could get to school on time. =He got up early to get to school on time. =In order to get to school on time, he got up early.

14. look forward to

短语动词look forward to(doing)sth. 意为期待着(做)某事，其中的to是介词，而不是动词不定式符号。如：

Boys and girls are looking forward to Children’s Day.

孩子们渴盼着儿童节。

He’s looking forward to hearing from his daughter.

他期待着女儿的来信。

含有look的短语动词还有look for(寻找)，look after(照看，照顾，负责处理)，look back on(回顾，回想)，look into(了解，调查研究)，look out(for)(当心，注意)，look over(翻阅，审校，检查)，look round(回头望，查看)等。

【试题预测】

She is looking forward as much to his return as he himself to_________ her.

A.have seen

B.seeing

C.see

D.be seen

【答案】B

【解析】本题考查省略句的用法。后一句话承上省略了谓语动词look forward，保留了to, 根据look forward to的用法，其后应用-ing形式。本句话的意思是“她盼望他的归来和他盼望见到她的程度是一样的”。

15. to the southwest of

句中to 为方位介词, 表示“在……面”。

介词 in，on，to 都可以用来表示某个位置的方向，它们的意义不同，故表示的方向及范围也不同：

(1)in 表示方位，含义是“在……之内”，即一个小地方处在一个大地方的范围(疆域)之内。如：

China is in the east of Asia.

中国在亚洲东部。(中国是亚洲的一个国家，处于亚洲的范围之内)

Taiwan lies in the east of China.

台湾在中国的东部。(台湾是中国东部的一个省份，是中国的领土，在中国的疆域之内) The plant can be seen only in the north of Canada.

那种植物只有在加拿大北部才看得到。(暗指这种植物只生长在加拿大北部地区)

(2)on表示方位，含义是“在……端/边”，即一个地方在另一个地方的某一端或某一边，两个地方只是相邻或接壤，却互不管辖。如：

Guangdong Province is on the southeast of Guangxi.

广东省在广西的东南边。(广东省与广西在地理位置上是连在一起的，即两者相邻，却互不管辖)

The country is bounded on the west by the sea.

那个国家西边与海接界。(暗指该国为沿海国家)

(3)to表示方位，含义是“在……面”，即一个地方在另一个地方的范围之外，互不管辖。尤其当两个地方相隔较远，且有湖泊、大海等区域相隔时，通常用 to。例如：Japan is to the east of China.

日本在中国的东面。(日本在中国范围之外，且有日本海分隔)

There is a beautiful park to the east of the station.

车站东面有一座景色宜人的公园。

把河流、山脉、铁路等事物当作两地的分界线或基点，且不说明河流、山脉、铁路等是属于哪一方，通常使用介词 to，译为“以……(方向)”。此外，表示一个地方离另一个地方有多远，也用 to。如：

Land to the east of the Urals is called Asia; land to the west， Europe.

乌拉尔山脉以东的陆地称为亚洲;以西的陆地称为欧洲。

The village lies to the south of the hill.

那座村庄在山的南面。

The little town lies about one hundred miles to the west of Guilin.

那座小城镇位于桂林以西约一百公里远的地方。

试比较：

The church is located to the south of the city.

那座教堂在本市的南面。(该教堂在本市范围之外)

The church is located in the south of the city.

那座教堂在本市的南部。(该教堂在本市范围之内)

16.as soon as

as soon as 一......就......，引导时间状语从句，注意：as soon as引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时。

As soon as he arrives, I will call you. 他一到我就给你打电话。

17. have fun doing something

fun (1)作名词：有趣的事，笑话。如：

That’s a fun. 真好笑。

(2)作形容词，有趣的，愉快的。如：

That’s going to be fun. 那将很有趣。

It’s going to be more fun. 那会更有趣。

(3)funny也是形容词，有趣的，滑稽的.

What a funny boy! 一个多么滑稽的男孩啊!

We’re going to have lots of fun hiking and eating a new kind of fruit.

我们出外旅行并且能品尝一种新水果一定会有很多乐趣的。

句中有have fun doing something 干……事情很有趣味

如：

They’re going to have fun working on the farm and having no classes.

18. quite

quite的意思是“相当;完全地”，是一个副词，但它很特殊。它不但能修饰动词、形容词、副词、分词，还能修饰名词、介词短语等。

1)quite修饰形容词、副词等。例如：

She is quite right.她完全正确。

This is quite impossible.这是完全不可能的。

I know how to use the machine quite well.我完全知道怎么使用这台机器。

He worked quite hard.他工作很努力。

2)quite修饰名词。

当名词前没有形容词修饰时，quite要放在冠词前。例如：

quite a lot(许多)，quite a time(很长一段时间)，quite an effort(很大努力)，quite a while(一段相当长的时间)，quite a few(相当多)，quite a little(相当多;大量的)。

当名词前有形容词修饰时，quite可放在冠词前，也可放在冠词之后，但放在冠词之前较普遍。例如：

He is quite a clever boy.(较普遍)

或He is a quite clever boy.他是一个相当聪明的孩子。

3)quite与not连用，常构成“not quite”结构，表示部分否定，意思是“没有完全……”。例如：

She is not quite well.她没有完全康复。

I don’t quite understand the problem.我并没有完全理解这道题。

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1. buy sth. for ab./ buy sb. sth. 为某人买某物 2. taste + adj. 尝起来…… 3. nothing ….but + V.(原形) 除了……之外什么都没有 4. seem + (to be) + adj 看起来 5. arrive in + 大地方 / arrive at + 小地方到达某地 6. decide to do sth. 决定做某事 7. try doing sth. 尝试做某事 / try to do sth. 尽力做某事 8. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 9. want to do sth. 想去做某事 10. start doing sth. 开始做某事 11. stop doing sth. 停止做某事 12. look + adj 看起来 13. dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事 14. Why not do sth. 为什么不做…….呢？ 15. so + adj + that + 从句如此……以至于…… 16. tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要）做某事 17. keep doing sth. 继续做某事 18. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 / forget doing sth 忘记做过某事 三、重点句子 1. Where did you go on vacation? 你去哪儿度假的？ 1）这是一个由疑问副词where引导的特殊疑问句。Where用来询问地点或场所，用于句首，其后跟一般疑问句。如：Where are you from？ Where does he live？ 2）go on vacation“去度假” He will go on vacation with his family. 他要和家人一起度假。 【解析】 vacation [v?'ke??n] n 假期 = holiday on vacation 在度假 take a vacation 去度假 winter vacation 寒假 summer vacation 暑假 ①I have a lot of _______________every year . (vacation) ( ) ②— Where did Sarah go on vacation? — She went to America. A.on vacation B. take a vacation C. is on vacation D. is for vacation

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You will feel better after a good rest. 2. 表示意图 I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow. What will she do tomorrow? 基本构成如下： 一般疑问句构成： (1)will+主语+do…? Will Sarah e to visit me next Sunday? (2)there be 结构的一般疑问句：Will there + be …? Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there won't 否定句构成：will + not (won't)+do

Sarah won't e to visit me next Sunday. 特殊疑问句构成： 特殊疑问词+will+主语+…?What will Sarah do next Sunday? (二) should的用法： should用来提出建议和忠告，后边加动词原形，否定句直接在should后边加not. 例如：I think you should eat less junk food. 我认为你应该少吃垃圾食品。 She drives a lot and she seldom walks. So I think she should walk a lot. 她经常开车，很少走路。所以我认为她应该多走路。

八年级上册英语语法归纳

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often(常常，经常) sometimes(有时候) never(从不) 2.频度副词的位置： a.放在连系动词、助动词或情态动词后面。如： David is often arrives late for school. 大卫上学经常迟到。 b.放在行为动词前。如： We usually go to school at 7:10 every day. 我们每天经常在7：10去上学。 c.有些频度副词可放在句首或句尾，用来表示强调。如：Sometimes I walk home, sometime I rides a bike. 有时我步行回家，有时我骑自行车。 3.never放在句首时，主语、谓语动词要倒装。如：Never have I been there. 5) every day 与everyday 1. every day 作状语，译为“每一天”。如： We go to school at 7:10 every day. 我们每天7：10去上学。 I decide to read English every day. 我决定每天读英语。 2. everyday 作定语，译为“日常的”。 She watches everyday English on TV after dinner. 她晚饭后在电视上看日常英语。

初二英语语法知识点总结

1.want sb to do sth 想要某人干某事 2.try to do sth 尽力干某事 3. try not to do sth 尽力不干某事 4. try one’s best to do sth 尽某人最大努力干某事 5. try on 试穿have a try 试一试 6. although /though 引导让步状语从句，“即使，虽然”，不能与but 连用，但可与yet, still 连用。 7.finish doing sth 结束干某事 8.can’t wait to do sth 迫不及待地干某事 9.decide to do sth 决定干某事decide not to do sth 决定不干某事.decide on doing sth 决定干某事同义词组: make a decision to do sth = make up one’s mind to do sth = decide to do sth 10.plan to do sth 计划干某事11.think about doing sth 考虑干某事12.go + v-ing 的用法: 13.:It’s + adj +for /of sb to do sth 同义句：1).I t’s +adj +for sb +to do sth = To do sth + be +adj 2).It’s +adj +of sb +to do sth = Sb +be +adj + to do sth 14. 1).take the train to …=go to …by train take the bus to …= go to …by bus 2).fly to …= go to …by plane /air walk to …. = go to …on foot ride a bike to …= go to …. by bike My uncle went to New York last week . 15. 1).It +takes +sb.+时间+to do sth 2).sb. +spend +时间+on sth (in doing sth ). 16. A +be +距离+from +sb = It’s +距离+from A+ to sb. 17.leave ,leave for , leave …for …1).leave +地点“离开某地”2).leave for +地点“前往某地”=go to +某地3).leave +某地+for +某地“离开某地前往某地” 18.all …not = not all “并非都”部分否定注：not 与all /both /every ….. 连用构成部分否定。19.the number of / a number of 1).a number of 许多= a lot of /many , number 前可用large /small 来修饰，a large / small number of ….. 作主语时，谓语用复数。2).the number of ….的数量, 作主语时，谓语用单数。20. 1).ill 用在系动词之后作表语。 2).sick 既可以放在系动词之后作表语也可放在名词之前作定语。21.表示客气地请求某人干某事1). Would you like to do sth ? 2).Could you please do sth ? 3).Will /Would you please do sth ? 4).Can you do sth ? 22. 1). be busy with sth .忙于某事2).be busy doing sth 忙于干某事3).be busy 的反义词组be free / have time I am busy tomorrow 23. 1).whole 一般置于冠词，物主代词或其他限定词之后，all 位于限定词之前。2).一般不修饰不可数名词，all 既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词。24.however / but however “然而，可是”用于句首或句中，须用逗号隔开。而but 不用逗号隔开。25. 1).most of the +复数名词“…..中的大多数”2).most +复数名词“大多数的…….” 26. 1).beat:打败后面接打败的人或对象beat sb 2).win:赢后面接比赛的项目(race , game , match , prize …..) 3).lose:输lose to sb 输给某人lose sth 输了某物27.do you think 作为插入语1).位置：放在疑问词之后2).语序：后面的句子用陈述句语序。 28.常见的不可数名词：weather work food news advice information fun music paper water 29. 1).afford 常与情态动词can , can’t , could , couldn’t 连用2).afford 后面接名词或代词不定时。3).同义句：can’t afford to do sth = sb don’t /doesn’t have enough money to do sth . 30. 1).listen to …仔细倾听强调听的过程2).hear …听到、听见强调听的结果3).sound …. 系动词“听起来…….”后面接形容词而sound like +名词31. 1).not as…as 之间要用原级2).同义句：A + not as/so…as +B= A + 形容词的反义词的比较级+ than + B = B + 形容词的比较级+ than +A 32. finally = at last = in the end Finally he came up with an idea 33.turn on / open 的区别：1.turn on ：指打开水流，煤气，电灯，电视，收音机等电器的开关。 2.open：指关着的门，窗，箱子打开。 34.into/ in 的区别： 1.into表示“到……里面去”，进入到……某空间里。属于动态介词。 2.in表示“在……里面”，在某一空间或范围之内。属于静态介词。 35. too…to…= not…enough to …= so…that…. 36.：called = named = with the name (of) ?37. 1.see sb do sth :看见某人做了某事 2.see sb doing sth .看见某人正在做某事(注)：类似的动词有：hear ,watch ,notice 等。省to的不定式变被动语态时，需带上

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