小学英语动词及专项训练
小学英语动词及专项训练 LELE was finally revised on the morning of December 16, 2020
小学英语动词及专项训练
1.动词的定义：表示动作或状态的词叫做动词。表示动词的词如ask ,walk等
2.动词的分类：
（1）实义动词又叫行为动词，能独立做谓语：如open，hold , learn
（2）系动词又称连系动词，不能独立做谓语，后边必须接表语组成系表结构，说明主语的状态、性质、特征等：be动词
（3）助动词，主要协助动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫做助动词。它本身没有词义，和实义动词一起构成各种时态和语态，也可构成否定或疑问结构：do、will、should、would
（4）情态动词，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能、应该或必要等。由于词义不完全，不能单独作谓语，要后接动词完成谓语部分：must、can、could、may、will
3.动词的基本形式
（1）动词原形：动词未经任何变化的原来形式。如：have、cut、see
（2）第三人称单数现在时：动词一般现在时的第三人称单数形式的构成和名词复数构成法相似。
A.直接加“s”：read--reads leave---leaves
B.以e结尾的动词，直接加“s ”: come--comes close---closes
C.以s. x. sh. 结尾的单词,加“es ” : watch---watches fix---fixes wash---washes go--goes
D.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的单词，变“y”为“i”, 再加“es” : cry---cries
E.以“元音字母+y”结尾的单词，直接加“s” :play---plays
（3）过去式的变化规则：
A.直接加“ed”：look--looked watch---watched
B.以e结尾的动词，直接加“d” : live--lived love--loved
C.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的单词，变“y”为“i”, 再加“ed ”: cry---cried
D.以“元音字母+y”结尾的单词，直接加“s ”:play---played
E.动词不规则变化表
Infinitive Past
tense Infinitive Past tense
1. am, is was
2.
keep kept
3. are were
4.
let let
5. become became
6.
make made
7. begin began 8. meet met
9. bite bit 10. put put
11. blow blew 12.
read read
13. buy bought 14.
ride rode
15. catch caught 16.
run ran
17. come came 18.
say said
19. cost cost 20.
see saw
21. cut cut 22. sing sang
dug 24.
sit sat
did 26. sleep slept
27. draw drew 28.
speak spoke
29. drink drank 30.
sweep swept
31. eat ate 32. take took
33.
fall fell
taught
35. feed fed 36.
tell told
felt thought 39. fly flew 40.
throw threw
forgot understood
43. get got 44.
give gave
45. wake woke 46.
go went
47. wear wore 48.
grow grew
49. win won 50.
have/has had
51. write wrote 52.
know knew
53 .break broke
4.动词的时态
一、一般现在时: 表示经常性、规律性习惯性的动作或现在存在的状态。
结构：
1. 动作词一般用原形，但如果是第三人称单数时（如Tony ，he ，she ），动作词用第三人
称单数形式，即加s 或 es ;
在主语前加do, does帮助疑问句，后面的动词用原形；
在动作词前加don’t, doesn’t 帮助否定句，后面的动词用原形。
2. 句子中没动作词时，用be动词：is , am , are ；
is , am , are 放在主语前帮助疑问句；
is , am , are 后面加上not帮助否定句。
3. 情态动词can, may, should，must引起的句子是一般现在时，后面接动词用原形；
can, may, should，must 放在主语前帮助疑问句，后面接动词用原形；
can, may, should, must后面加上not帮助否定句，后面接动词用原形。
4. 肯定祈使：动词原形 + 其它
否定祈使句：Don’t +动词原形 + 其它
5．感叹句： What a mess! What a beautiful desert! What beautiful flowers! ——What+(形)名
How beautiful! How beautiful the flower is! How beautiful the flowers are! ——How+形
A. ：(非第三人称单数)主语+V+其它 We come from China.
(第三人称单数)主语+Vs+其它 He comes from China.
主语+be (is, am, are)+其它 We are from China.
主语+情态动词(can, may, should, must)+V+其它 She must go.
B. ：(非第三人称单数)主语+don’t +V+其它 We don’t come from China.
(第三人称单数) 主语+doesn’t +V+其它He doesn’t come from China.
主语+be (is, am, are) not+其它 I aren’t from China.
主语+情态动词(can, may, should, must)+not +V+其它
C．一般：Do +(非第三人称单数)主语+V+其它 Do you come from China?
Does +(第三人称单数)主语+Vs+其它 Does he come from China?
be (Is, Am, Are)+主语+其它 Are you from China?
情态动词(Can, May, Should, Must)+主语+ V+其它She can’t go.
D．特殊疑问句：+do +(非第三人称单数)主语+V+其它 Where do you come from?
+does +(第三人称单数)主语+Vs+其它 Where does he come from?
+be (is, am, are)+主语+其它Where are you from?
+情态动词(Can, May, Should, Must)+主语+ V+其它Can she go?
二、现在进行时: 表示现在正在进行的动作。结构：
1. be动词( is , am , are) + 动词ing (现在分词)；
is , am , are 放在主语前帮助疑问句，后面的动词加ing；
is , am , are 后面加上not帮助否定句，后面的动词加ing。
A. :主语+be（is, am, are）+Ving+其它 They are coming here.
B. 否定句：主语+be（is, am, are）+not +Ving+其它They aren’t coming here.
C. 一般疑问句：be（Is, Am, Are）+主语+ Ving+其它Are they coming here?
D. ：特殊疑问词+ be（is, am, are）+主语+ Ving+其它 What are they doing?
三、一般过去时：表示过去某个时间里发生了的动作或状态。结构：
1. 动作词用过去式(ed ) ；
在主语前加did帮助疑问句，后面的动词用原形；
在动作词前加didn’t帮助否定句，后面的动词用原形。
2. 句子中没动作词时，用be动词的过去式：was , were；
was , were 放在主语前帮助疑问句；
was , were后面加上not帮助否定句。
A. ：主语+Ved+其它 We came from China
主语+be (was, were)+其它 We were from China.
B. ：主语+didn’t +V +其它 We didn’t come from China.
主语+be (was, were) +not+其它 We weren’t from China.
C．一般：Did +主语+V +其它 Did you come from China?
be (Was, Were)+主语+其它 Were you from China?
D．特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ did +主语+V +其它 Where did you from?
特殊疑问词+ be (was, were)+主语+其它 Where were from?
四、一般将来时：表示将来某个时间的动作或状态。结构：
1. be going to + 动词原形
is , am , are 放在主语前帮助疑问句；
is , am , are 后面加上not帮助否定句。
2. will+ 动词原形
will放在主语前帮助疑问句，后面接动词用原形；
will后面加上not帮助否定句，后面接动词用原形。
A. ：主语+will +V +其它 He will dig a hole.
主语+ be going to +V +其它 He is going to dig a hole.
B. ：主语+will not +V +其它 He won’t dig a hole.
主语+ be not going go +V +其它 He isn’t going to dig a hole.
C．一般：Will+主语+V+其它 Will he dig a hole?
Be(Is, Am, Are) +主语going to +V+其它 Is he going to did a hole?
D．特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+will+主语+V+其它 What will he do?
特殊疑问词+be(is, am, are) +主语going to +V+其它What is he going to do?
五、过去进行时：表示过去某时正在进行的动作。结构：
1. be动词( was, were) + 动词ing；
was, were 放在主语前帮助疑问句，后面的动词加ing；
was, were后面加上not帮助否定句，后面的动词加ing。
A. :主语+be（was, were）+Ving He was digging a hole.
B. 否定句：主语+be（was, were）+not +Ving He wasn’t digging a hole.
C. 一般疑问句：be（Was, Were）+主语+ Ving Was he digging a hole?
D. ：特殊疑问词+ be（was, were）+主语+ Ving What was he doing
（二）时态意义与结构一览表：
习题：
1．I______(be not) a middle school student.
2．2．She ______(be) in Class Six ,Grade One . We________(be) all Young pioneers. 3．3．Sam and I________(be) in different classes .
4．5．There _______(be) a map on the wall. There _______(be) some boats in the river. 5．7．There__________(be) a pencil-box and some books in the bag .
6．8．There__________(be) two bikes and a car near the house.
7．9．I can ___________(see) some flowers on the table.
8．10. You must__________(find) those things.
9．11. ______ you ________(have) a new watch?
10．12. Let me _________(see),please. I __________(not have) a watch .
11．13. I think he ___________(be)back in a week.
12．14. It's time ___________(play) games.
13．15. I want ___________(take) some books to the classroom .
14．16. Could you ___________(take) it to your room
15．
16．17. It's snowing now. We can go out __________ (play) in the snow.
17．18. ___________(not jump) too high! Would you like___________(drink) tea
18．
19. She __________(like) her new skirt .
20. The men ____________(work) near the house now.