考研英语阅读备战,首要理清三大关系

考研英语阅读备战，首要理清三大关系

跨考教育英语教研室—姜绳尽管专业硕士号称“培养应用型人才”，但是考研仍然是一场学术人才水平选拔活动。在这场活动中，考察的每一学科都是一场学术水平测验。因此，没有搞明白这个事实的同学们，在英语复习过程中往往会陷入“错误”的复习方式——片面追求英语语言能力的培养，忽略英语学术能力的塑造。而这种“错误”复习方式具体体现在了考研英语阅读的复习上面，过分追求对于文章的理解，对文章篇章结构的分析，而忽略了文章与题目的联系。

考研英语阅读，从不考察学生是否对于文章解构的分析与把握，那是语言学的事情，它主要考查的是学生是否掌握了“重要”的信息——回答文章后面五个题目所需的信息。这些信息也许与文章关系不大，但是通过这种题目的设置，能够有效地考察出学生用英语进行学术活动的能力。所以，想要在考研英语中得到高分，必须理解什么叫做用英语进行学术活动，想要在考研英语阅读中得到高分，必须要掌握三大基本关系：题目与原文的关系、选项与题干的关系、选项与原文的关系。

掌握题目与原文的关系，是指知道每道题目如何在原文中找到出题点，找到“命题人想让你读到”的地方，而其他的所有内容，有勇气去忽略，而不去进行研究。这个能力，在考研阅读中，是答题能力，而在学术研究中，是查找“导师或写论文需要的”重点的能力。

掌握选项与题干的关系，是指知道每一个选项与所对应的题干是否存在逻辑联系、内容关联，从而一方面掌握好选项是否会有“张冠李戴”的嫌疑，另一方面直接排除无关选项。例如，题干中没有提及任何专有名词，只是说“we can infer that”，而其中一个选项直接出现了代词，而没有说明指代对象，那么这种选项是典型的混淆视听，可以直接排除。例如2006年29题。

掌握选项与原文的关系，是指知晓每一个选项出自原文的哪一句话，或者理解为什么会有这样的干扰选项出现，从而理解出题人的意图，揣摩出命题人的思维模式，从而完全有理由选择出题目答案。这里需要指出两点。首先，命题人在出题时，为了确保公平，会尽量避开部分专业的专业知识影响，做到除了猜词题之外，每个题目，每个选项都能出自原文，以确保考生参加的是一场英语考试。

其次，大量英语水平较高的同学，往往忽略对每一个选项与原文关系的梳理，表面上做对了很多题，错了的题看起来也只是因为马虎所导致，实际上，这是没有掌握“用英语做学术”的能力。用句意去理解文章本身没有问题，但是那是考生自己对于文章的理解，并不一定时命题人想要考生去理解的角度。所以，只要英语基础好的同学做错的题，没有“马虎”之说，只有懂考试之事实。

最后，给同学们四个公式，考研阅读三大关系的重要性，一目了然。

1. 读懂文章+ 读懂题目+ 理解三大关系

== 做对所有题目

2. 似懂非懂+ 理解三大关系

== 做对大部分题目

3. 读懂文章+ 读懂题目+ 忽略三大关系

== 看似马虎的错误

（不理解考点，下次一定还错）

4. 基本没读懂文章+ 理解三大关系

== 及格分（救命稻草）

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