英语语法填空技巧与方法

高三英语语法填空专练

英语语法填空技巧与方法

1. 通读全文，把握大意。

既然是通过语篇在语境中考语法，那么，我们在解题前，应快速浏览短文，把握全文大意，这一步非常重要。

2. 结合语境，试填空格。

读懂短文之后，要结合短文所提供的特定的语言环境，从句子结构的完整性去分析思考空格所缺单词的词性，再根据句子的结构和意义，以及句子之间的逻辑关系来确定具体要填的单词和所给词的正确形式。具体来说，可按设题类型分为三类情况：

A．纯空格试题的解题技巧：

首先，分析句子结构，确定填哪类词。然后，再根据句子的意思，确定具体填什么词；或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。确定填哪类词有以下7个技巧：

技巧1：缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词或名词(多考代词)。如：

[例1]I can send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and ___38___ gets there almost in a second. (2007年茂名一模)

解析：and连接前后两个句子，and后面的句子缺主语，应填名词或代词；结合前一分句，不难推知，“马上可到达那里”的是the message，替代the message用代词it。

技巧2：名词前面，若没有限定词(冠词、限定词、不定代词)，很可能是填限定词。

[例2]…the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to ___35___ small town some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage. (2007年广东高考)解析：因单数可数名词town前还没有限定词，应填限定语；根据句意，是指将车拉到离那里大约有20公里远的一个小镇上去修理，表示“一个”，用不定冠词，故填a。

技巧3：句子不缺主语、表语、动词后不缺宾语的情况下，名词或代词前面，一定是填介词。

[例3]… who should have the honour of receiving me ___33___ a guest in their house. 解析：因a guest在句中不作主语、表语、动词的宾语，前面一定是填介词，使其成为该介词的宾语；又由句意可知，他们“把我当作客人”来接待，表示“当作”，用介词as。技巧4：若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，可能是填连词。

[例4]…all I saw was this beautiful girl, whose smile just melted me ___36___almost instantly gave me a completely new sense of what life is all about. (2008年深圳一模)

解析：因melted me和gave me两个动宾短语之间没有连词，一定是填连词；并列关系，故填and。

技巧5：若两句(一个主谓关系算一个句子)之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填并列连词或从属连词。

[例5] He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, ___37___he felt very happy…

解析：因He was very tired…是一个句子，he felt very happy…也是一个句子，这两个句子之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填连词；根据逻辑，转折，故填but。技巧6：若结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do, does, did等)。

[例6]What is acceptable in one country ___31___be considered extremely rude in another.

解析：句中What is acceptable in one country是主语从句，空格后的be considered

是谓语；因其中的be是原形，故空格处必定是填情态动词或助动词does(由语境可知是一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数)；由句意及作者的语气可知，需填表示“可能”的情态动词may。

技巧7：由特殊的句式结构来判断空格应填的词。

(1)由it is…that…强调结构形式，判断填it还是that。如：

[例7] …and ___40___was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldn’t eat MSG (味精)! (2007年广州一模)

解析：由句式结构可知，本句为强调句，应填it。

(2)由倒装句式判断，是填构成倒装的条件的only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, not, until, had等，还是填do, does, did等。如：

[例8] ______with hard work can you expect to get pay rise.

解析：由can you expect to…可知，这是倒装句，根据构成倒装的条件可知，应填副词only，因为“only +状语(with hard work)”放在句首，句子要用倒装。

(3)由it作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断，空格处是否填it。如：

[例9]Dating sites also make ___36___easy to avoid someone whom you are not interested in.

解析：由句式结构可知，to avoid…是真正的宾语，easy是宾补，空格处应填作形式宾语的it。

(4)so /such…that…句型。如：

[例15] This made the goat so jealous ___34___it began plotting against (谋划对付) the donkey. (2007年惠州二模)

解析：由句式结构可知，这是so…that…句型，应填that。

(5)more…than… (与其说……不如说……，比……更……)句型。如：

[例10]Cynthia’s story shows vividly that people remember more how much a manager cares ___40___ how much he pays. (2007深圳宝安期末)

解析：由句式结构可知，这是more…than…句型，故填that。句意是与经理所给的报酬相比，雇员更铭记于心的是他的关心。

B．给出了动词的试题的解题技巧：

首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后按以下两点进行思考。

技巧8：若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态语态。

[例11] In Logan, three people ___38___ (take)to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic. (2007梅州二模)

解析：因主语three people与take是被动关系，即三个人被送进医院，故用被动语态；由were treated可知，要用一般过去时，故填were taken。

技巧9：若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用—ing形式、—ed形式，还是用不定式形式，确定的方法主要有：(1)作主语或宾语，通常用—ing形式表示习惯，用不定式表示具体的情况。如：

[例12] ______ (speak) out your inner feeling won’t make you feel asha med, on the contrary…

解析：句中已有谓语won’t make，所以speak应为非谓语动词；谓语前面应为主语，作主语，表示一般情况，要用动名词短语，故填Speaking。

(2)作目的状语或者在形容词后的作状语，一般用不定式。如：

[例13] _______ (complete) the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more

hours a day.

解析：因句中已有谓语will have to work，所以complete应为非谓语动词；因“(为了)按计划完成这项工程”是“我们每天不得不额外多工作两小时”的目的，作目的状语，用动词不定式，故填To complete。

(3)作伴随状语，常用分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词，是被动关系，用过去分词。如：[例14] The headmaster went into the lab, ________(follow) by the foreign guests.

解析：句中已有谓语went，而follow又不是与之并列的，故为非谓语动词；又因the headmaster与follow是被动关系，故用过去分词followed作伴随状语。

(4)不论非谓语动词在句中作何种成分，若判断需要用分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系用—ing形式，是被动关系用—ed形式。如：

[例15] Lessons ___39___ (learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people.

解析：因句中已有谓语can help，所以learn应为非谓语动词；又因lesson与learn是被动关系，要用过去分词短语作定语，故填learned。

(3)词类转换题的解题技巧

根据该词在句子所作句子成分确定用哪种形式。具体方法有：

技巧10：作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词形式。如：

[例16] The youngster immediately fell ________ (silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes.

解析：因在系动词felt后作表语，用形容词，故填silent。

技巧11：作主语、在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词形式。如：

[例17] These people have made great ___39___ (contribute) to China with their work.解析：在句中作及物动词have made的宾语，要用名词形式；表示“作贡献”，其前面没有不定冠词时，习惯上用复数，故填contributions。

技巧12：在形容词性物主代词后，或者在“冠词(+形容词)”后，用名词形式。如：

[例18] …the remains date from this period because of their ___38___ (similar) to those found elsewhere. (2008年广州二模)

解析：在形容词性物代词(their)后应当用名词，故填similarities。

技巧13：修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。如：

[例19] There must be something ___40___ (serious) wrong with our society. (2008潮州期末)

解析：要求填的词修饰形容词wrong，作状语，用副词，故填seriously。

技巧14：括号中所给词有可能是要求词义转换，词类不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un—, im—等，在词根后加—less等。如：

[例20] Your mistake caused a lot of ________ (necessary) work in the office.

解析：在名词前作定语，仍用形容词形式；但根据句意可知，错误是引起不必要的麻烦事，故填unnecessary。

技巧15：括号中所给动词也不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词，而是考词类转换；若是形容词或副词，有可能是考查其比较等级。如：

[例21]The other frog went on jumping as hard as he could…He jumped even ___36___ (hard) and finally made himself out. (2008年期末)

解析：联系前句，又有even(更加)的提示，可知这里用比较级，故填harder。

3. 重读全文，解决难题。

在解题过程中要先易后难，难题在大部分空格填好后，再经过仔细推敲，难题也就不会再难了。所有空格填好后，把整篇文章从头至尾复读一遍。

1

Many people like to read the 1 ________（late）newspapers. But 2 _________ is it produced so quickly?

The most important man may be the chief editor. He decides 3 _________ to do. Every morning the 4____________ (journal) are sent to cover the events. Sometimes they need a face-to-face interview with people 5 ________ do telephone interviews. Meanwhile, the picture editor sends 6 ___________ (photograph) to take the pictures they need.

Later in the day, they pass the stories and the 7_________ (develop) photos to the editor. Then the chief editor will choose the most important news for the front page. 8___________ editors read the stories, make some necessary changes and write headlines for them. 9__________ the newspaper is printed and 10__________（deliver）to different places.

2

Far out in the sea there was an island, on the rocky edge of 1__________ lived three Sirens, the three sisters of magic song. Half human and half bird, the Siren sisters sat in a field of flowers, singing. Their songs were so sweet that ships 2 _________ (attract) to the island and struck to pieces on the rocks. No sailor or ship had passed this Island.

3 __________(follow) Circe’s advice, Odysseus made careful 4__________ (prepare) against the Sirens. Before their ships came to 5 __________ they could hear the song, Odysseus had himself 6__________ (tie) to the mast (桅杆), stopped the ears of his men with wax and ordered them to ignore his orders and gestures when they 7__________ (pass) the fatal island.

Soon they came in sight of the rocky island, and the attractive song reached the ears of Odysseus. It moved him so much that he struggled to free 8__________ and shouted for his men to turn 9__________ the land. But no one paid any attention to him. The sailors kept straight on until they were completely out of hearing. Then his friends freed him and took 10__________ wax out of their ears. The eldest of the sisters loved Odysseus so much that she threw herself into the sea after his ships had passed.

Finishing their shopping at the supermarket, a middle-aged couple found their new car 1________ (steal). They filed a report 2________ the police station and a detective drove them 3________ to the parking lot（停车场）to look for evidence.

To their 4________(amaze), the car had been returned and there was a note in it , 5_______said: “I apologize for taking your car. My wife was having a baby and I had to send her to the hospital as soon as possible. Please forget the 6 ________(convenient). There are two tickets 7________ tonight’s Rowan Atkinson concert.”

Their faith in humanity restored(恢复). The couple attended 8________concert. But 9 ________they returned home, they immediately found that their house had been ransacked (洗劫). On the bathroom mirror was 10________note: “I have to pu t my kid through college somehow, don’t I?”

4

A guest comes up to Mrs. Dale, the Duty Manager, telling her 1________(anger) about the Hall Porter’s Department. Since there are 2________ guests present, the Duty Manager invites the guest to come to her office 3________(talk) things over.

The guest says that the Hall Porter yesterday 4________(promise) to get theatre tickets 5________a show in the city. He says that today, 6________he went to collect the tickets there was 7_______ porter on duty. The porter could not find any tickets for the guest, and could not find any record of the request for tickets. It seems that the porter on duty today did not believe 8________ the guest had made any request for tickets. The guest says that the tickets were promised,9________ he has planned to go to the theatre that night, and that it is the 10________ (hotel) job to provide the tickets.

5

Young people should travel not only to find out about the present 1________to find out about the future. A grand tour today should be the opposite of 2________it was in the past. It should not include museums, castles and ruins. It should go 3 ________human life is, to places that throw you images of the future. It should not be an escape of 4________(real) but a challenge with 5________.

Young people of today should go to the wildest, farthest, poor place they can think of. They should go to the wild places of Asia, Africa, and South America. Young people should go to 6________many such places as they can, 7________these places ar e closing up and in time they’ll become impossible.

The other area young people should travel 8 _________ is the same sort of area within their own country, places that are a kind of 9 ___________ (know) land, 10 _______ as the Congo Basin.

In ancient times, the most important examination was spoken, not written. In the schools of ancient Greece and Rome, testing usually consisted 1________ saying poetry aloud or giving speeches.

Generally, however, modern examinations are written. The written examination, where all students are tested on the same questions, was probably not known 2_________ the nineteenth century. Perhaps it came into 3________ (exist) with the great increase in population and the development of modern industry.

Two types of tests are 4 ________ (common) used in modern schools. The first type is sometimes called an “objective” test. It 5 __________ (intend) to deal with facts, not personal opinions. On objective tests, the student has just one task: he must recognize the correct answer and then he must copy its letter or number onto his examination paper. Sometimes there is 6 ________ answer sheet on which the four letters or numbers are printed. Then the student only has to circle the one 7________ go with the correct answer.

For testing some kinds of learning, however, such a test is not very satisfactory.

A lively student 8 ________ guess the correct answer without really knowing the material.

For a clearer picture of 9________ the student knows, most teachers use another kind of examination in addition to objective tests. They use “essay” tests, and the tests require students to write long answers to broad, general questions. When some essay questions are used along with some objective questions, 10________, a fairly cl ear picture of the students’ knowledge and ability can usually be obtained.

7

History is one long story, or 1________ (real), a lot of stories of competing narratives (叙述), about the people who shaped the world we live in.

Family history can give people a sense of history that is much 2________ personal than hearing about far-off events about 3________ (stranger). Telling your family history is a great way for the younger members of your family 4________ (learn) some history and really understand and connect with it.

For example, it’s much m ore meaningful to discover 5________ the Great Depression meant that your grandparents didn’t tast e butter until 6________ were in their teens than to hear an abstract fact that the Great Depression meant rationing (定量配给). You feel much more 7________ (connect) to a story about your uncle’s experience of living in France than a book about it.

8________ (tell) stories of people that you knew or ancestors 9________ stories you know is a powerful way to help young people feel a connection to those who came before them, family and otherwise, linking the stories of the past 10 ________ their own experience of the present and imaginings of the future.

8

We may look at the world around us, but somehow we manage not to see it 1________ whatever we’ve become used to suddenly 2 ________ (disappear). Take, for example, the neatly-dressed woman I used to see.

For three years, no matter 3 ________ the weather was like, she was always waiting at the bus stop around 8:00 . On 4 _________ (snow) days, she wore heavy clothes and a pair of 5 ________ (wool) gloves. Of course I remember all 6 ________ only after she was seen no more .It was 7________ that I realized how much 1 expected to see her each morning.

“Did s he have an accident? Something 8 _________?” I thought to myself about her disappearance. Now that she was gone, I felt that I 9 ________ (know) her. I began to realize that part of our daily life probably includes such chance meetings 10 ________ familiar strangers: the milkman you see at dawn, and the twin brothers you see at the library. Such people are important markers in our lives. They add weight to our sense of place and belonging.

9

In France, most of the people want to have a very long time for lunch. In Britain it does n’t seem to be important 1_________ people take a cup of tea and a very quick sandwich and it’s OK.

Another very 2 ________ (surprise) thing for the foreigner is the way the people obey the law —you seem to have much more discipline 3________ in France, and you respect the police 4________ more than we do. For instance, people park their car 5________, and they know it is forbidden 6 _________ they do it — in Britain people don’t do that.

In England, it’s 7________(easy) to feel alone. People don’t bo ther you, don’t look after you or worry 8________ you so much, so it’s easy to get lost or to hide away here. When you’re in the United States people want to know 9________ you are, they tend to speak to you, to find out who you are,10 ________ you’re doi ng.

10

Alice always wanted to be a singer. Music was the 1________ important thing in her life but, to tell you the 2 ________(true), she took lesson for years, practised every day, 3________ in spite of all this, her voice didn't improve. Honestly, it di dn’t get better, it just got 4________(loud).

Her teacher finally gave 5________and stopped the lessons, but Alice refused to quit, and one day she decided to give a concert and invited her former teacher to attend.

The teacher was very worried about 6________ to say after the performance. She knew it 7________be terrible and it was. She didn't want to tell a lie, but she didn’t want to hurt Alice’s feelings 8________. Finally, she got an idea and went backstage to greet her former pupil.

“Well”, said Alice, “what did you think of 9________ performance?”

“My dear,” said the teacher, “you’ll 40_________ be better than you were tonight.”

11

In September, 1941, the Nazi 1________ （Germany） army was near St Petersburg. This was a time 2________ the two countries were at war. However, before the Nazis could get to the summer palace, the Russians were only able to remove the furniture and small art objects from the Amber Room. But some of the Nazis secretly stole the Amber Room itself. In less than two days, 100,000 pieces of the room were put inside twenty-seven wooden boxes. There is no doubt 3________ the boxes were then put on a train 4________ Konigsberg, at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea. After that, what really happened to the Amber Room 5________ (remain) a mystery.

While the search for the old room continues, the 6________ (Russia) and Germans have built 7________ new Amber Room at the summer palace. 8________ (follow) old photos, the new room has been made to look much like the old one. In 9________ spring of 2003, it was ready for the people of St Petersburg 10________ (celebrate) the 00th birthday of their city.

12

Rudolph Valentino was a famous film star in the 1920s.

He once wanted to buy a particular silver ring that had a semi-precious stone in 1______ .

The jeweler warned him against the ring, 2________ (tell) him that it had a curse on it. 3________ owned the ring would have bad luck.

Valentino did not believe him 4________ he bought the ring. He wore it during the making of his 5________ film, The Young Rajah. The film was a complete failure. Valentino put the ring 6________ and went on to make many 7________ (success) films. By 1926, he had forgotten all about the curse on the ring. He wore it 8________ . Soon afterwards, he fell ill and died.

9________ of Valentino’s friends inherited the ring. She, too, became ill, 10________ quickly gave the ring away to a young artist. She recovered from her illness almost immediately,

13

With the 1________ (develop) of industry, air pollution is getting more and more serious. In Beijing, many people 2________(suffering) from different kinds of 3________ ( ill ) because of air pollution.

Air pollution is caused 4________ the following reasons: about half of the problem is caused by vehicles（车辆）. There are more and more cars, buses on the roads, and they give off 5________ (poison) gases. 25% of air pollution is caused by factories. Another 6________ (fact) is the smokers. Smoking not only does harm to their health but also to others’. 7________ th ese, about 10% of air pollution is caused by other reasons.

We should take some measures to fight 8________ pollution. New fuel can be used to take the place of gas. We can plant more trees. If everybody realizes the importance of 9________(environment) protection and does something to stop pollution, the problem will 10________(solve).

14

Many Chinese believe 1________(eat) pig brains will increase their intelligence and some Americans regularly eat 2________ (cook) eggs to keep their minds sharp. 3________ , doctors don’t recommend eating 4________ raw eggs or animal brains. Then, what food is good for your brain? Scientists have found a relationship 5________ diet and a healthy brain. Generally speaking, fish is a brain food. 6________ fish, you should introduce lots of dark green leafy vegetables and colorful fruits into your diet, because most people lack the special vitamins 7________ these brain food provide. If you eat brain foods 8________ (regular), they can increase brain power — help you pay attention, keep you 9________ (motivate), improve your memory and 10________( less) stress from studies. Then you can do much better in your test.

15

A man looking at his smartphone while walking across a railway crossing in Nanjing 1________ (have) a close knock on Oct. 22. He was so 2________ (absorb) in his smartphone that he didn't see a train approaching until it brushed past him，3________ (throw)him to the ground. This should serve 4________ a warning that people should be aware of their surroundings，especially 5________ crossing roads.

6________ (lucky), the man survived a brush with death，but the incident forced the driver 7 ________ (stop)the train. An 18－minute delay followed the incident，8________ led to a break in the running of other trains on the route.

Smartphone 9 ________ (addicted) has spread like an infectious disease. It's evident that it will do great harm to society. What's even 10 ________ (bad), some addicts become impatient with relatives and friends.

Some people blame the smartphone for the tragedy，yet in fact people's weakening self－control and self－discipline are to blame.

高三英语语法填空专练答案

1

1. latest

2. how

3. what

4. journalists

5. or

6. photographers

7. developed

8. Other 9. Finally

2

1. which

2. were attracted

3. Following

4. preparations

5. where

6. tied

7. were passing

8. himself 9. towards/to 10. the

3

1. stolen / had been stolen

2. at

3. back

4. amazement

5. which

6. inconvenience

7. for

8. the 10. another

4

talk 5. for 6. when 7. another 10. hotel’s

5

4. reality 9 unknown

6

1. of

2. until 4. commonly 5. is intended 6. an

9. what

7

1. really

2. more

3. strangers

4. to learn

5. that

6. they

7. connected

8. Telling

9. whose 10. to

8

5. woolen known

9

10

11

2. when

3. that

4. for

5. remains

6. Russians

7. a

8. Following

10. to celebrate

12

5. Next

13

1. development

2. suffer

3. illnesses

4. by

5. Poisonous

6. factor

7. Besides

8. against

9. environmental 10. be solved

14

1. eating

2. uncooked

3. However

4. either

5. between

6. Besides/In addition to

7. that / which

8. regularly 9. motivated 10. lessen

15

1．had 2．absorbed 3．throwing 4．as 5．when/while 6．Luckily 7．to stop 8．which

9．addiction 10．worse

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