项目建议
1.项目建议概况
资格qualification
预备资格prequalification
商务条款与条件commercial terms and condition
商务commercial
技术technical
技术说明technical specification
建议书proposal book
资料费information price
估价estimated price
报价quoted price
报价书quotation
2报价资料
工艺说明process description
工艺特点process feature
经验记载experience record
工艺特性process performance
设备表equipment list
说明规定规格specification
简要说明short specification
条件图sketch drawing
流程图flow diagram
平衡图balance diagram
方框图block diagram
P&I 图P&I diagram
单线图single line diagram
布置图layout
平面布置图plot plan
总图general plot plan
附件appendix
资料文件document
3.合同技术用语
保证guarantee
性能保证performance guarantee 时间保证time guarantee 交货保证delivery guarantee
建造保证workmanship guarantee
生产能力capacity
质量quality
消耗量consumption
原材料feedstock
原料raw material
辅助原料sub-raw material
产品product
付产品by-product
中间产品intermediate
公用工程utility
燃料fuel
化学品chemical
界区battery limit
(界区)进料incoming
(界区)出料outgoing
界区条件battery limits condition
(配管图)分界区match line
工厂装置plant
设备equipment
关键设备critical equipment
专利设备proprietary equipment
有位号设备itemized equipment
无位号设备non-itemized
equipment
散装材料bulk material
施工材料material of construction
仪表instrument
备品备件spare part
建筑工具construction aid
(现场)居住设施accommodation
现场派遣expatriate
运转率on stream factor
运转天数stream day
系列train
日历日calendar day
日历月calendar month
机械(试车)完工mechanical
completion
试车trial operation
初次试车initial operation
开车start up
注油oil in
投料fees in
首次出料first drop
保证试运转guarantee test run
装置验收plant acceptance
移交turnover
议定书protocol
4估算
估算estimate
概算budgetary estimate
推算slide
幂指数power term
(费用)分类,分项价格breakdown
外汇foreign currency
当地货币local currency
可兑换货币convertible currency
专利费license fee
专利权税royalty
变动专利权税running royalty
专有技术费know-how fee
基础设计费basic engineering fee
代理费agent fee
手续费commission
不可预见费contingency
外汇风险exchange risk
易货补偿compensation
直接费用direct cost
间接费用indirect cost
项目管理费project expense
现场管理费field expense
一般管理费overhead
利润profit
生活费living expense
出勤津贴daily allowance
(出差)准备费outfit allowance
劳务费labor cost
基本工资base wage
补偿费payroll burden
福利费fringe benefit
5可行性研究
可行性feasibility
现场选定site selection
(现场)位置location
市场marketing
可获利润率profitability
生产成本production cost
经营费operation cost
可变成本variable cost
不变成本fixed cost
总投资total capital cost
折旧费depreciation
现金流量cash flow
折现现金流量discount cash flow 工况研究case study
产权资本,自有资金equity
建设资本利息interest during construction
6业务范围
现场勘测site survey
工艺设计process design
基础设计basic engineering
基础设计包basic design package 详细设计detail engineering
采购procurement
海运ocean transportation
陆运inland transportation
安装erection work
土建工作civil work
施工construction work
临时工作temporary work
投料试车commissioning
培训training
(现场)指导supervisory service
顾问advisor service
初步设计preliminary project
最终设计final project
基础设施infrastructure
上部结构superstructure
软件software
硬件hardware 7工厂分类与设计
**地工厂grass root plant
总厂integral plant
分厂single plant
成套装置package plant
翻版(设计)厂copy plant
生产厂commercial plant
中试工厂pilot plant
实验室规模装置bench scale unit
石化总厂petrochemical complex
下游(厂) downstream
(工业)放大scale-up
扩建expansion
改建、更改modification
镜象布置mirror image
设计余量over design
降负荷运转turndown
消除瓶颈Debottlenecking
工厂模型plant model
8设备
工艺装置process plant
装置区内on site
装置区外off site
界区内inside battery limit
界区外outside battery limit
公用工程设施utility facility
贮存设施storage facility
辅助设施auxiliary facility
衔接interconnection
主变电所main substation
发电设施power generation
facility
事故发电设备emergency power
generation facility
水处理装置water treatment
facility
冷却塔cooling tower
抽水设施water intake facility
海水淡化装置desalination facility
蒸汽发生装置steam generation
facility
仪表空气发生装置instrument
gas generation facility
惰性气发生装置inert gas
generation facility
空分装置air separation facility
罐区tank yard
散装贮藏设备bulk storage facility
包装机械bagging facility
制袋设备bag making facility
装瓶设备bottling facility
装货设施loading facility
卸货设施unloading facility
铁路侧线railway siding
栈桥jetty
行政办公楼administration
building
维修车间maintenance shop
中央化验室central laboratory
内部通用设施
intercommunication facility
广播系统public address system
询呼设施paging facility
消防设施fire fighting facility
安全器具safety equipment
生活设施colony
公用设施town-shop
娱乐设施recreation facility
9相关企业
承包商contractor
主承包商prime contractor
分包商subcontractor
直接雇佣direct hire
专利商licenser
转专利者sub-licenser
专利使用者licensee
专利拥有者patent-owner
竞争者competitor
国际财团consortium
合作者collaborator
买方(1)buyer(2)purchaser
卖方seller
厂商vendor
制造商(1)maker (2)manufacture
业主owner
顾问consultant
技术顾问Technical adviser
用户User
最终用户End user
客户(1)customer(2)client
代理商agent
挂名人dummy
2. 投标合同
2.1 投标概况
询价inquiry
报价估价书quotation estimation 投标投标书bid tender
投标资料bid document
预审pre-qualification
意向书letter of intent
2.2合同用语
协议agreement
合同契约contract
注销cancellation
约定Consideration
合同转让Assignment of contract 不可抗力force majeure
仲裁attribution
基本法governing law
秘密条款(1)secrecy clause (2)non-disclosure clause
预定损坏赔偿费liquidated damages
总赔偿额度total liability
连带(债务) joint and several
预先债权lien
免除waiver
保证guaranty 担保warranty
赔偿indemnity
定义definition
增额escalation
罚款penalty
支付条款terms of payment
税金tax and duties
侵犯专利patent infringement
最高限额ceiling
委任书power of attorney
保证金bond
2.3合同形式
投标合同competitive bid contract
议付合同negotiated contract
FOB合同fob-type contract
成套承包合同(1)turnkey contract
(交钥匙合同)
(2)chef montage contract
总付合同lump sum price contract
单价契约unit price contract
正价加附加费合同cost plus fee
contract
预投标协议pre-bid agreement
产品抵债products sharing
互购交易counter-purchase
transaction
3. 支付金融财务
3.1支付金融
支付条款支付条件payment
terms
延期付款 deferred payments
存留款项保留资金 retention
payment
定期付款 schedule payment
施工分期付款progressive
payment
付款交单D/P documents against
payment
承兑交单调D/A documents
against acceptance
信贷信用 credit
卖方信贷供应商信贷 supplier’s
credit
买方信贷 buyer’s credit
银行借贷 bank loan
财政金融 finance
借款借贷 loan
偿还 reimburse reimbursement
保证书 letter of guarantee
信用证信贷书 letter of credit
外汇兑换率 exchange rate
兑换单汇款单据 documentary
bill of exchange
汇款汇兑基金 remittance
3.2财务
自然增长基数 accrual basis
资产负债表决算表balance
sheet
损益报表P&L
profit and loss statement
4.采购运输保险
4.1进出口手续
出口许可证 export license
出口许可证变更 E/L amend
COCOM
coordinating committee
标准结算方法 standard payment
非标准结算方法 non-standard
payment
DBC
draw back cargo(dbc)
出口申报银行export
declaration bank e/d
进口申报单 export declaration
custom
进口许可证 import license
保税区域 bonded area
关税 import duty
原产地说明书certificate of
origin
发票 Invoice
4.2运输
装箱单 packing list
提单 bill of lading (B/L)
指示提单 order B/L
直接提单 straight B/L
装运提单 shipped B/L, on board B/L
备运提单 received B/L
不附带条件的提单 clean B/L
不洁提单 dirty B/L, foul B/L 直运提单 direct B/L
联运提单 through B/L
船上收货单 mate’s receipt
装货通知单shipping order (S/O)
交货单 delivery order (D/O)
空运货单 airway bill
海上运费 ocean freight
海上运费同盟freight conference
目的地付费 freight payable at destination
码头人工搬运费 stevedorage
空载运费 dead freight
船到港预定时间 expected time of arrival (ETA)
船离港预定时间 expected time of departure (ETD)
海关快速发货custom quick despatch (CQD)
滞船费 demurrage
码头搬运商 stevedore
超尺寸运输over-dimension cargo (ODC)
4.3保险
海上保险marine cargo insurance
现场指导失误保险 supervisor’s risk insurance
4.4贸易条件
出厂价(1)ex works(2)ex
factory (3)ex mill
海上交货fob-named port of
shipment
含保险海上交货 cif-named port
of destination
国境交货条件 franco frontier
4.5采购
采购 procurement
厂家 vendor
厂家一览表 vendor list
市场价 market price
黑市价 dark price
现价
up-to-date price level
报价 quotation
偏差表 deviation list
到货时间 time of delivery
支付方式 (1)terms of payment
(2)payment condition
(3)payment terms
延缓支付 deferred payment
现金支付 cash on delivery
预先支付 down payment
发货前支付 advance payment
到货后支付 progress payment
计划支付 scheduled payment
购买条件 terms and conditions
of purchase
折价 discount
谈判交涉 negotiation
澄清 clarification
购买意向 intent to purchase
比较表 tabulation
评语 evaluation
价格分析 value analysis
定购单 purchase order
变更定购单 change order
支付方式 method of payment
现金 cash
支票 check
期票 promissory note
催货 expediting
跟踪系统 follow-up system
4.6包装
包装 packing
防锈包装 rust-proof packing
防潮湿包装moisture-proof
packing
防水包装 water-proof packing
软包装 shrink packing
木箱 wooden box
板条箱 crate
滑橇底座 skid base
框架箱 framed box
码垛盘 pallet
侧板 side plate
吊具 sling fitting
花篮螺栓 turnbuckle
钢带 steel strapping
角保护袋edge protector
closure plate
防护角 corner protector
板 board
合板 plywood
缓冲材料 cushioning material
通气孔盖 ventilation cover
超载 superimposed load
开包 unpacking
船上标志 shipping mark
注意标志 care mark
5.项目执行及费用管理
5.1项目执行
总图会议kick-off meeting
项目研究会议project study
meeting
开工会议launching meeting
项目报告project reporting
审查会议screening meeting
进展报告progress report
协调过程coordination procedure 变更指示change order
认可approval
复阅review
5.2工程
项目完工报告job close-out report
项目执行报告job performance report
完工汇编close-out book
反馈系统feed back system
项目设计条件project design information
会签inter-department check
工程设计engineering design
工艺条件确认engineering review 工艺条件校核engineering checking
项目完成指标审核表project performance check sheet
施工版approved for construction (afc)
设计变更error report
技术文件technical data book
管道材料工艺条件process data for piping material
载荷条件loading data
关键路径法critical path method 关键路径进度表critical path scheduling
PERT
program evaluation and review technique
5.3费用及工时管理
工程预算project control budget
工时man-hour (M/H)
工日man-day (M/D)
人月man-month (M/N)考勤表time sheet
工作号work number
项目号job number
预期项目号proposal number
改进工作improvement work
闲滞idle
工时报告man-hour report
项目工时汇总job man-hour
performance report
5.4费用分类
费用分类code of account
主账major account
分账sub-account
设备位号item number
5.5组织
指定assign
借调on-loan
项目成员project number
项目经理project manager (PM)
项目经理助理assistant project
manager (APM)
施工经理construction manager
(CM)
开工经理operation manager (OM)
现场指挥field manger
项目前期经理proposal manager
估算员estimator
原始采购员originator
协调员coordinator
项目设计协调员project design
coordinator (PDC)
6.标准化资料管理法规规格
6.1标准化
标准化standardization
标准规格standard
工程规定engineer specification
项目特殊要求specific job
requirement
工程手册engineering manual
标准图standard drawing
工程用表格engineering form
法规law and regulation
法律law
6.2资料管理
情报管理information and
documentation
信息中心information center
调研(追述) retrospective searching
信息选择服务selective
dissemination of information
情报跟踪current awareness
检索效率retrieval efficiency
资料documents
原文献primary sources
文献摘抄secondary sources
连载刊物serials
定期刊物periodieals
(学会)纪要memoirs
会报transactions
会议论文conference paper
会议记录proceedings
索引期刊index journal
文摘期刊abstract journal
情报摘要information abstract
提示文稿indicative abstract
图书目录book catalog
标题目录title catalog
总目录union catalog
标准目录standard catalog
关键词keyword
省略词stopword
KWIC索引keyword-in-context
index
KWOC索引
keyword-out-of-context index
顺序索引permuted index
相关索引coordinate index
主题分析subject analysis
统计分类statistical classification
国际十进分类法universal
decimal classification
阅读卡片visible card
书卡book card
档案系统filing system
微缩复制microcopy
微缩系统micro-system
穿孔卡夹aperture card
微缩胶片fiche film
6.3法规
高压气体取缔法high pressure gas control law
消防法fire service law
劳动安全卫生法industry safety and health law
建筑基本法building standard law 单位制system of units
国际单位制international system of units
图纸、条件表
工艺流程图Process flow diagram(PFD)
管道仪表流程图Process piping & instrument flow diagram(PID)
公用工程流程图Utility balance diagram(UFD)
框图Block flow diagram
公用工程介质平衡图Utility balance diagram(UBD)
平面布置图Plot plan
立面布置图General arrangement 总图General plot plan
规划图Planning drawing
管道研究图Piping study drawing 管道布置图(配管图)Piping arrangement drawing
分区图Key plan
管道走向研究图Piping routing study drawing
地下管道图Underground piping drawing
管道特殊管件图Piping special parts drawing
管架详图Piping hanging drawing
预制图Prefabrication drawing
参考图Reference drawing
通用图Typical drawing
制造厂图Vendor’s drawing
管道轴测图Isometric piping
drawing
竣工图As-built drawing
模型Model
管线表
schedule
计算书Calculation sheet
图纸目录Drawing schedule
发图阶段Issue stage
版次Revision number
编号体系Numbering system
比例Scale
工厂北向Plant north
海平面标高Over-sea mean
level(OSL)
标高Elevation(EL)
已有钢结构Existing structure
装货区Loading area
公用工程站Utility station
柱号Column number
净空headroom
通道Access way
小通道Cat way
钢结构顶部标高Top of structure
elevation
管底标高Bottom of piping
elevation
主管口径Run size
顶平偏心异径管Eccentric
reducer top flat
中心到面的距离Center to face
工作点标高Working point
elevation
管架标注Hanging marking
冷拉Cold spring
管线记号Line symbol
管线接口Line connection
物流号Stream NO.
管线号Line NO.
管道等级号(1) class designation
(2) spec designation
阀门号Valve NO.
等级分界Specification break
重要管道Critical piping
总管Header pipe
仪表管道Instrument piping
排放管道Blowdown piping
火炬气管道Flare piping
输送管线Transfer line
入口管线Suction line
排水管Effluent line
旁通管Bypass line
吹扫系统Purge system
放空接口Vent connection
软管接口Hose connection
双切断阀及排放阀Double block
and bleeder
污水沟Sewer ditch
冷凝液池Condensate pit
积水坑Sump box
漏斗Drip funnel
管段Spool piece
垫环Space ring
限流孔板Restriction orifice
流量喷嘴Flow nozzle
液体混合用三通Mixing tee
喷头Spray nozzle
粗滤器Strainer
临时粗滤器Temporary strainer
疏水阀Steam trap
爆破膜Rupture disk
蒸汽伴热管道Steam-traced
piping
夹套管道Jacketed piping
地下管道Underground piping
管道要素
钢管Steel pipe
螺纹端管Threaded pipe
法兰端管Flanged pipe
锻制的Swage
光滑弯管Smooth bend
U型弯管U-bend
弯管Bending pipe
波纹管膨胀节Expansion bellows 柔性管Flexible pipe
管件接头Pipe fitting joint
机械连接Mechanical joint
活套连接Lapped joint
环行垫连接Ring type joint
扩口接头Flare type joint
非扩口接头Flareless type joint
承插连接Bell and spigot Victaulic 接头Victaulic joint
弯头Elbow
异径管Reducer
管接头Coupling
活接头Union
短管Nipple
法兰Flange
配对法兰Companion flange
法兰盖Blind flange
异径法兰Reducing flange
八字盲板(1) spectacle blind(2) reversible blind
平板式法兰Plate flange
带颈法兰Hubbed flange
对焊法兰Welding flange
松套法兰Loose flange
管端突缘Stub end
法兰面Flange face
垫片沟槽Gasket groove
满平面Full face
突面Raised face
大准槽面Large tongue and groove face
双凹凸面Double male & female face
大凹凸面Large male & female face
金属垫片Metallic gasket
非金属垫片Non-metallic gasket
O型环Semi-metallic gasket 透视垫O-ring
对焊Lens ring
承插焊接Butt weld
滑套焊接Socket weld
焊接支管台Slip-on weld
插入环Insert ring
管帽Cap
材料表Bill of material
材料统计Take-off
管段表Line bill of material
估算汇总表Estimation summary
sheet
备品备件表Spare parts list
报价单Quotation sheet
订货表Purchase order schedule
材料汇总表Bill of material
summary
状态报告Status report
分布报告Distribution report
价格、重量一览表Cost & weight
summary
价格、重量汇总表Cost & weight
total
定货管理表Order control
管道材料管理表Piping material
control sheet
元件代码Item code
标记号Tag number
标准形态Standard shape
轴测图Isometric drawing
管线号Line reference
批号Batch reference
管子下料表Piping cutting list
制作件表Fabrication parts list
组装件表Erection part list
固定架Anchor
滑动架Resting support
导向架Guide
限位架Directional stop
减振架Dampener
支架Support
管托Shoe
保冷管托cradle
鞍座Saddle
耳轴Trunnion
吊架Hanger
刚性吊架Rigid hanger
弹簧吊架Spring hanger
恒力吊架Constant hanger
阀门Valve
截止阀Globe valve
闸阀Gate valve
针行阀Needle valve
球阀Ball valve
止回阀Check valve
隔膜阀Diaphragm valve
三通阀Three-way valve
角阀Angle valve
蝶阀Butterfly valve
旋塞阀Cock
伸长杆操作Extension
stem-operation
链操作Chain-operated
齿轮操作Gear-operated
扳手操作Wrench-operated
电动操作Motor-operated
阀芯Trim
阀盖Bonnet
焊接支管Weld branch
偏置Offset
焊缝根部间隙Weld root gap
现场调整后再下料和焊接Cut
and weld after adjusting
坡度Slope
工作点Working point
管架说明Notes for piping hanging
部门间校核版Interdepartmental
check print
平端Plain end
坡口端Beveled
管道联接图Piping hook-up
drawing
管道图说明Notes for piping
drawing
标题栏Title block
询价单Piping requisition sheet
8 配管及一般设备设计
8.1
保温、保冷
绝热Insulation
设备绝热表Equipment insulation schedule
绝热符号Insulation code
保温设计Design of cold insulation 正常操作所用的保温Insulation for stable operating
人身防护Personnel protection
防火层Fire-proofing
防结露Anti-sweat
防冻Winterizing
防音Sound protection
保温材料Hot insulation material 保冷材料Cold insulation material 石棉asbestos
硅藻土Diatomaceous earth
岩棉Rock wool
玻璃棉Glass wool
碳酸镁Magnesium carbonate
硅酸铝Calcium silicate
珍珠岩Perlite
软木板Cork boards
毛毡Hair felt
泡沫聚氨酯Foam polystyrene
硬泡沫氨基甲酸乙酯Rigid foam urethane
硬泡沫橡胶Rigid foam rubber
玛碲脂Mastic
耐磨损材料Anti-abrasion coating material
管壳Lagging cloth
铁丝网Hexagonal wire netting
填缝材料Caulking material
保护层(1) jacketing sheet(2) cover sheet
波纹铝板Corrugated aluminum sheet
有色镀锌钢板Precoated galvanized sheet 搭板Butt strap
Z型接头Z-joint
防腐、涂漆
色标Colour-code
孟塞尔色系Munsell notation
管道识别色Identification of
piping system
防腐层External coating
油漆Paint
清漆Varnish
防腐漆(1) anti-corrosive paint
(2) rush-proof paint
含铝漆Aluminum paint
底漆Primer
耐酸漆Acid-proof paint
耐碱漆Alkali-proof paint
耐热漆Heat-resisting paint
测温漆Thermo-paint
绝缘漆Insulating varnish
表面处理Surface preparation
涂漆painting
阴极保护Cathodic protection
振动解析
机械振动Mechanical vibration
自由振动Free vibration
强制振动Forced vibration
自励振动Self-excited vibration
固有频率Natural frequency
固有周期Natural period
波谷Loop
波峰Node
正弦振动Sinusoidal oscillation
非线性振动Non-linear oscillation
阻尼振动Damped vibration
临界阻尼Critical damping
衰减系数(1) attenuation(2)
decay coefficient(3) decay
factor
共振Resonance
扭曲振动Torsional vibration
挠性振动Flexural vibration
极限速度Critical speed
固有值Characteristic value
临界条件Boundary condition
弹簧系数Spring constant
惯性矩Moment of inertia
回转半径Radius of gyration
振动吸收装置Dynamic vibration
absorber
液压减振器Hydraulic damper
弹簧减振器(1) spring dampener
(2) spring damper
油压锁定Oil lock
耐振设计
固有振动方式Natural frequency
mode
卓越周期Predominant period
基本周期First natural frequency
横波Transverse wave
纵波Longitudinal wave
相对位移Relative displacement
质量比Mass ratio
静解析法Static method
修正静解析法Corrected static
method
动解析法Modal analysis
时历响应解析法Time history
response analysis
设计响应光谱Design response
spectrum
加速响应光谱Acceleration
response spectrum
地板响应光谱Floor response
spectrum
标准响应光谱Standard response
spectrum
加速响应增幅比Acceleration
response amplitude ratio
刚性结构Rigid structure
柔性结构Flexible structure
长周期结构Long-period structure 刚性框架Rahmen rigid frame
地震波Earthquake accelerogram 位移量记录Displacement record 设计地震Design earthquake
设计震度Design **smic coefficient
地震Earthquake
震源距离Distance to centrum
震中距离Distance to epicenter
震级Magnitude
地震波显示仪**smoscope
地震仪**smograph
耐震等级**smic class
基岩Base rock
应力分析
外力External force
内力Internal force
反作用力Reaction force
力偶Couple of force
弯矩Bending moment
扭矩Twist moment
应力Stress
弯曲应力Bending stress
扭曲应力Torsional stress
圆周应力Hoop stress
峰值应力Peak stress
一次应力Primary stress
二次应力Secondary stress
轴向应力Axial stress
重复应力Repeated stress
脉动应力Pulsating stress
交变应力Alternating stress
应变Strain
应变能Strain energy
主应力Principal stress
主应力理论Principal stress theory
最大剪切应力理论Maximum shearing stress theory
残余应力Residual stress 热应力Thermal stress
热破坏Thermal shock
疲劳Fatigue
疲劳曲线S-N diagram
疲劳极限(1) fatigue limit(2)
endurance limit
腐蚀疲劳Corrosion fatigue
蠕变Creep
蠕变疲劳Creep fatigue
尺寸效应Size effect
应力集中系数Coefficient of
stress concentration
形状系数Shape coefficient
缺口系数Notch factor
应力强度系数Stress intensity
factor
几何惯性矩Geometrical moment
of inertia
断面系数Modulus of section
断面极惯性矩Polar moment of
inertia of area
杨氏模量Young’s modulus
横向弹性系数Modulus of
transverse elasticity
体积弹性系数Modulus of
volumetric elasticity
泊松比Poissor’s ratio
弹性极限Elastic limit
屈服点Yield point
拉伸强度Tensile strength
伸长Elongation
永久变形Permanent set
弹性Flexibility
弹性分析Elastic analysis
弹性屈服Elastic buckling
塑性Plasticity
塑变滞后Plasticity hysteresis
极限分析Limit analysis
弹塑性分析Elastic-plastic analysis
疲劳分析Fatigue analysis
有限元法Finite element method
静荷载Dead load
流体流动
水锤Water hammer
急关Rapid closure
缓关Slow closure
冲击波Shock closure
液压振动Acoustic vibration of
liquid flow
脉动Pulsation flow
两相流Two-phase flow
气压振动Acoustic vibration
卡门涡街Karman eddies
颤动Fluttering
气蚀cavitation
噪音
噪音(1) noise(2) undesired
sound
听力范围Auditory sensation area
掩蔽Masking
背景噪音Background noise
声强Sound intensity
声压Sound pressure
声压值Sound pressure level
噪声值(1) noise level (2)
sound level
噪声计Sound level meter
听觉校正回路Weighting network
音平Soundness level
音能Sound power
音能值Sound power level
总体值Overall level
90%范围90% range
中间值Median
NR数Noise rating number
频率分析器Frequency analyzer
倍频器Octave band
1/3的倍频带1/3 octave band
波段值Band level
音场Sound field
方向性Directivity
方向系数Directivity factor
衍射Diffraction
声源Sound source
房间常数Room constant
吸音率Sound absorption coefficient
穿透率Transmission coefficient
穿透损失Transmission loss
质量原理Mass law
设计条件
操作压力Operating pressure
最高操作压力Maximum operating pressure
操作温度Operating temperature 最高操作温度Maximum operating temperature
温度基准Base temperature
腐蚀裕度Corrosion allowance
许容应力Allowable stress
安全系数Safety factor
地理条件Geological conditions 9. 塔、槽、换热器、加热炉
9.1图面用语
设备表vessel schedule
工程图engineering drawing
管口表(1)nozzle chart
(2)nozzle schedule
管口方位nozzle orientation
予焊件图clip schedule
切线tangent line(TL)
焊缝线weld line(WL)
参照线working line(WL)
基准线base line
9.2容器
容器vessel
塔tower 自支承塔self-supported tower
板式塔tray tower
填料塔packed tower
喷淋塔spray tower
槽、罐drum
贮罐tank
球罐(1)spherical tank
(2)ball tank
浮顶罐floating roof tank
锥顶罐cone roof tank
拱顶罐dome roof tank
双壁罐double wall tank
湿式气柜wet gas holder
干式气柜dry gas holder
料仓(1)silo
(2)bin
料斗hopper
9.3内件
内件internals
塔盘tray
泡罩塔盘bubble cap tray
筛板塔盘perforated tray
浮阀塔盘valve tray
单流向式塔盘uni-flux tray
波纹塔盘ripple tray
塔盘板deck
溢流堰weir
降液管downcomer
密封槽seal pot
取液槽draw-off pot
密封盘seal pan
塔盘支承环tray support ring
鲍尔环Pall ring
泪孔weep hole
填料packing
拉希环Rasching ring
矩鞍形填料intalox saddle
分布器distributor
除沫器demister
进料挡板feed deflecter
防涡流挡板vortex breaker
内筒cartridge
9.4主要附属品
壳体shell
变颈段reducing section
封头head
椭圆形封头ellipsoidal head
碟形封头(1)dished head
(2)torispherical head
半球形封头hemispherical head
椎形封头conical head
平封头flat head
加强圈reinforcing ring
夹套jacket
人孔manhole
手孔hand hole
检查孔inspection hole
接管nozzle
凸缘pad nozzle
锻制接管forged nozzle
补强板reinforcing pad
信号孔tell-tale hole
容器支座vessel support
裙座skirt
支腿leg
支耳support lug
底座base block
基础环base ring
筋板gusset plate
压环compression ring
鞍座saddle
模板template
通道acess opening
套管pipe sleeve
连结板lug
予焊件clip
接地板earth lug
吊耳lifting lug
平台platform
梯子ladder
保温支承insulation support
吊柱davit
人孔绞链manhole hinge
放空口vent nozzle
呼吸阀breather valve
计量口gauge hatch
9.5换热器
换热器heat exchanger
换热面积heat transfer area
总传热系数overall heat transfer coefficient
境膜传热系数film coefficient
对数平均温差logarithmic mean temperature difference(LMTD)
平均温差mean temperature difference(MTD)
污垢系数fouling factor
布管图tube arrangement
三角形排列triangular arrangement
转角三角形排列rotated triangular arrangement
正方形排列square arrangement 转角正方形排列rotated square arrangement
最大布管图outside tube limit
管壳式换热器sheet and tube heat exchanger
固定管板式换热器fixed tube sheet heat exchanger
浮头式换热器floating head type heat exchanger
U形管式换热器U-tube type heat exchanger
釜式换热器kettle type heat exchanger
套管式换热器double tube type heat exchanger
冲洗式冷却器irrigation cooler
蛇管式换热器coil type heat exchanger
插管式换热器bayonet type heat exchanger 板式换热器plate type heat
exchanger
螺旋板式换热器spiral heat
exchanger
夹套式换热器jacket type heat
exchanger
石墨换热器graphite heat
exchanger
空冷式换热器air-cooled heat
exchanger
换热管tube
折流板baffle plate
管箱channel
分程隔板pass partition plate
浮头floating head
防冲挡板impingement baffle
管束tube bundle
管板tube sheet
管子与管板的连接tube-to-tube
sheet joint
管接头ferrule
9.6加热炉
加热炉direct-fired heater
热负荷(1)heat duty
(2)heat release
热损失heat loss
加热炉效率efficiency of heater
热流率heat flux
管壁温度tube skin temperature
体积热负荷volumetric heat
release
辐射段radiant section
对流段convection section
屏蔽段shield section
坝墙bridge wall
暴露墙exposed wall
屏蔽墙shielded wall
管支承tube support
炉管(1)heater tube
(2)furnace tube
扩大表面管extended surface
tube
联箱(1)header
(2)header box
回弯头return bend
管群间连接管crossover
通风draft
烟道flue
(烟道)挡板damper
烟囱stack
烧嘴burner
过量空气excess air
风箱wind box
观察孔(1)observation door
(2)peep door
检修孔access door
防爆门explosion door
吹灰器soot blower
油漆清车导轨painter trolley
陶瓷纤维ceramic fiber
耐火砖fire brick
保温耐火砖insulation fire brick
保温板insulation board
可铸耐火材料castable
衬里支撑linking anchor
炉壁横梁lintel
膨胀节expansion joint
10. 转动机械
10.1转动机械
轴shaft
轴承bearing
轴承箱bearing housing
联轴节shaft coupling
滑轮pulley
V形皮带(三角皮带)V-belt
转动设备turning equipment
润滑lubrication
润滑油(1) lubricating oil
(2)lube oil
密封seal
轴封shaft seal
填料函packing
填料箱stuffing box
油膜密封oil film seal
油封seal oil
机械密封mechanical seal
齿轮gear
曲轴crankshaft
连杆connecting rod
十字头crosshead
气缸cylinder
缸套cylinder liner
气缸阀cylinder value
活塞piston
金属填料metallic packing
予埋板soleplate
基座baseplate
柱塞plunger
箱体(壳体)casing
转子rotor
平衡活塞balance piston
迷宫密封labyrinth
叶轮impeller
轴套sleeve
耐磨环wearing ring
灯笼环(1)latern ring
(2)seal cage
10.2转动机械性能
轴动力(1)shaft power
(2)brake horsepower
额定制动马力rated brake horsepower
齿轮传动损失gear loss
机械效率mechanical efficiency
机械损失mechanical loss
额定转数rated speed
最大连续转数maximum continuous speed
旋转油膜oil whirl
临界速度critical speed
顺时针clockwise
转矩torque 起动转矩starting torque
性能performance
特性characteristics
压头head
液压功率hydraulic horsepower
活塞位移piston displacement
体积效率volumetric efficiency
显示图indicator diagram
压力脉冲率pressure pulsation
ratio
10.3泵
泵pump
泵效率pump efficiency
气蚀cavitation
气蚀系数cavitation coefficient
净正吸入压头net positive suction
head
离心泵centrifugal pump
混流泵(斜流泵)mixed-flow
pump
轴流泵axial pump
容量泵displacement type pump
往复泵(活塞泵)reciprocating
pump
旋转泵rotary pump
再生泵regenerative pump
底阀foot valve
10.4压缩机,风机等
压缩机compressor
压缩机效率compressor efficiency
往复式压缩机reciprocating
compressor
间隙容积clearance volumn
隙囊clearance pocket
减压器unloader
离心式压缩机centrifugal
compressor
轴面压缩机axial compressor
涡轮压缩机turbocompressor
鼓风机blower
风机fan
涡轮式鼓风机turboblower
涡轮风机turbofan
多叶片风机multi-blade fan
旋桨式风机propeller fan
罗茨鼓风机(1)roots blower
(2)two-lobe blower
螺杆式压缩机screw compressor
湍振surging
中间冷却器intercooler
后冷却器(二次冷却器)
aftercooler
缓冲器snubber
10.5透平
透平turbine
冲动式透平impulse turbine
反作用式透平reaction turbine
凝汽式透平condensing turbine
抽气式透平extraction turbine
背压式透平back pressure turbine
透平效率turbine efficiency
调速器governor
速度范围speed range
速度调节阀speed governing
valve
应急调速器emergency governor
跳闸速度(应急速度限)trip
speed
应急阀trip valve
操纵阀sentinel valve
10.6冷冻机
冷冻机refrigerator
制冷剂refrigerant
O型环Semi-metallic gasket
透视垫O-ring
对焊Lens ring
承插焊接Butt weld
滑套焊接Socket weld
焊接支管台Slip-on weld
是不是串行了
半金属垫片semi-metallic gasket O型圈O-ring
透视圈Lens ring
对焊Butt weld
承插焊Socket weld
滑套焊Slip on weld
焊接支管台Weldolet
01.THE ELEMENTS AND THE PERIODIC TABLE 01元素和元素周期 表。 The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is referred to as the atomic number, or proton number, Z. The number of electrons in an electrically neutral atom is also equal to the atomic number, Z. The total mass of an atom is determined very nearly by the total number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus. This total is called the mass number, A. The number of neutrons in an atom, the neutron number, is given by the quantity A-Z. 原子核中的质子数的原子称为原子序数,或质子数,卓电子数的电中性的原子也等于原子序数Z,总质量的原子是非常接近的总数量的质子和中子在原子核。这被称为质量数,这个数的原子中的中子,中子数,给出了所有的数量 The term element refers to, a pure substance with atoms all of a single kind. To the chemist the "kind" of atom is specified by its atomic number, since this is the property that determines its chemical behavior. At present all the atoms from Z = 1 to Z = 107 are known; there are 107 chemical elements. Each chemical element has been given a name and a distinctive symbol. For most elements the symbol is simply the abbreviated form of
第二章科技英语构词法 词是构成句子的要素,对词意理解的好坏直接关系到翻译的质量。 所谓构词法即词的构成方法,即词在结构上的规律。科技英语构词特点是外来语多(很多来自希腊语和拉丁语);第二个特点是构词方法多,除了非科技英语中常用的三种构词法—转化、派生及合成法外,还普遍采用压缩法、混成法、符号法和字母象形法。 2.1转化法(Conversion) 由一种词类转化成另一种词类,叫转化法。例如: water(n.水)→water(v.浇水) charge(n.电荷) →charge(v.充电) yield(n.产率) →yield(v.生成) dry(a.干的) →dry(v.烘干) slow(a.慢的) →slow(v.减慢) back(ad.在后、向后) →back(v.使后退、倒车) square(n.正方形) →square(a.正方形的) 2.2派生法(Derivation) 通过加前、后缀构成一新词。派生法是化工类科技英语中最常用的构词法。 例如“烷烃”就是用前缀(如拉丁或希腊前缀)表示分子中碳原子数再加上“-ane”作词尾构成的。若将词尾变成“-ane”、“-yne”、“-ol”、“-al”、“-yl”,则分别表示“烯”、“炔”、“醇”、“醛”、“基”、等。依此类推,从而构成千成种化学物质名词。常遇到这样的情况,许多化学化工名词在字典上查不到,全若掌握这种构词法,能过其前、后缀分别代表的意思,合在一起即是该词的意义。下面通过表1举例说明。需要注意的是,表中物质的数目词头除前四个另有名称外,其它均为表上的数目词头。 本书附录为化学化工专业常用词根及前后缀。此外还可参阅《英汉化学化工词汇》(第三版)附录中的“英汉对照有机基名表”、“西文化学名词中常用的数止词头”及“英汉对照有机词尾表”。 据估计,知道一个前缀可帮助人们认识450个英语单词。一名科技工作者至少要知道近50个前缀和30个后缀。这对扩大科技词汇量,增强自由阅读能力,提高翻译质量和加快翻译速度都是大有裨益的。 2.3合成法(Composition) 由两个或更多的词合成一个词,叫合成法。有时需加连字符。 如副词+过去分词well-known 著名的 名词+名词carbon steel 碳钢 rust-resistance 防锈 名词+过去分词computer-oriented 研制计算机的 介词+名词by-product 副产物 动词+副词makeup 化妆品 check-up 检查 形容词+名词atomic weight 原子量 periodic table 周期表 动词+代词+副词pick-me-up 兴奋剂 副词+介词+名词out-of-door 户外 2.4压缩法(Shortening) (1)只取词头字母 这种方法在科技英语中较常用。
Unit 1 Chemical Industry 化学工业 1.Origins of the Chemical Industry Although the use of chemicals dates back to the ancient civilizations, the evolution of what we know as the modern chemical industry started much more recently. It may be considered to have begun during the Industrial Revolution, about 1800, and developed to provide chemicals roe use by other industries. Examples are alkali for soapmaking, bleaching powder for cotton, and silica and sodium carbonate for glassmaking. It will be noted that these are all inorganic chemicals. The organic chemicals industry started in the 1860s with the exploitation of William Henry Perkin‘s discovery if the first synthetic dyestuff—mauve. At the start of the twentieth century the emphasis on research on the applied aspects of chemistry in Germany had paid off handsomely, and by 1914 had resulted in the German chemical industry having 75% of the world market in chemicals. This was based on the discovery of new dyestuffs plus the development of both the contact process for sulphuric acid and the Haber process for ammonia. The later required a major technological breakthrough that of being able to carry out chemical reactions under conditions of very high pressure for the first time. The experience gained with this was to stand Germany in good stead, particularly with the rapidly increased demand for nitrogen-based compounds (ammonium salts for fertilizers and nitric acid for explosives manufacture) with the outbreak of world warⅠin 1914. This initiated profound changes which continued during the inter-war years (1918-1939). 1.化学工业的起源 尽管化学品的使用可以追溯到古代文明时代,我们所谓的现代化学工业的发展却是非常近代(才开始的)。可以认为它起源于工业革命其间,大约在1800年,并发展成为为其它工业部门提供化学原料的产业。比如制肥皂所用的碱,棉布生产所用的漂白粉,玻璃制造业所用的硅及Na2CO3. 我们会注意到所有这些都是无机物。有机化学工业的开始是在十九世纪六十年代以William Henry Perkin 发现第一种合成染料—苯胺紫并加以开发利用为标志的。20世纪初,德国花费大量资金用于实用化学方面的重点研究,到1914年,德国的化学工业在世界化学产品市场上占有75%的份额。这要归因于新染料的发现以及硫酸的接触法生产和氨的哈伯生产工艺的发展。而后者需要较大的技术突破使得化学反应第一次可以在非常高的压力条件下进行。这方面所取得的成绩对德国很有帮助。特别是由于1914年第一次世界大仗的爆发,对以氮为基础的化合物的需求飞速增长。这种深刻的改变一直持续到战后(1918-1939)。 date bake to/from: 回溯到 dated: 过时的,陈旧的 stand sb. in good stead: 对。。。很有帮助
一、英语专业 二、商务英语专业 职业生涯规划范文:英语专业 Don’t say impossible to yourself 我心中的职业理想——同声传译 其实在高考以前的很久很久,我就想学语言类专业了,我觉得自己对语言有着莫名喜爱,妈妈也说我有学语言的天赋。那时候也许是高看了自己,以为自己一定能去上想去的大学,学自己喜欢的专业。可是08年6月的高考让我的梦想碎成了一地的狼藉。我甚至无法表达出来当时有多么的难过。原来其实,成绩比想象中要差的很多很多。后来,我被语言类专业拒之门外。有那么一段时间,我甚至忽略了自己的梦想,就抱着自暴自弃的态度,学着自己不喜欢的专业,度过了大一的上学期。 寒假的时候我一直在思考,我应该干什么,我能干什么,我想干什么。梦想在模糊混沌中苏醒,我本不是个堕落的人,我应该向着梦想的方向去前进,让未来按着我憧憬的方向去发展。为了梦想,我必须开始奋斗。即使现在学的不是英语类的专业,但是我想,只要付出努力,总会有回报,哪怕只是一点点回报,哪怕我要付出多么艰辛的努力。3年,5年,10年……我还有那么多那么多的时间去努力,年轻真好。我最庆幸的是我现在刚大一,那意味这我还有很多的时间去学习自己想学的东西。 我的梦想是做一名同声传译者,呵呵,很高的梦想。好像现在语言类专业超级热门,很多很多的人在学英语,除了专业英语以外,还有很多非英语专业的人在学习。颇有一种学好英语可以走遍全天下的感觉。这是否意味着我将成为芸芸众生中最不起眼的一粒尘埃呢?我不要这样,我也不能这样。一旦决定了的事情就要去做好它,不管这条路有多难。千军万马度过独木桥的时候又来了,为了创出自己的一片天地,我已经准备好奋斗。 一,梦想定义
Unit 2 Research and Development 研究和开发 Research and development, or R&D as it is commonly referred to, is an activity which is carried out by all sectors of manufacturing industry but its extent varies considerably, as we will see shortly. Let us first understand, or at least get a feel for, what the terms mean. Although the distinction between research and development is not always clear-cut, and there is often considerable overlap, we will attempt to separate them. In simple terms research can be thought of as the activity which produces new ideas and knowledge whereas development is putting those ideas into practice as new process and products. To illustrate this with an example, predicting the structure of a new molecule which would have a specific biological activity and synthesizing it could be seen as research whereas testing it and developing it to the point where it could be marketed as a new drug could be described as the development part. 研究和开发,或通常所称R&D是制造业各个部门都要进行的一项活动。我们马上可以看到,它的内容变化很大。我们首先了解或先感觉一下这个词的含义。尽管研究和开发的定义总是分得不很清楚,而且有许多重叠的部分,我们还是要试着把它们区分开来。简单说来,研究是产生新思想和新知识的活动,而开发则是把这些思想贯彻到实践中得到新工艺和新产品的行为。可以用一个例子来描述这一点,预测一个有特殊生物活性的分子结构并合成它可以看成是研究而测试它并把它发展到可以作为一种新药推向市场这一阶段则看作开发部分。 1.Fundamental Research and Applied Research In industry the primary reason for carting out R&D is economic and is to strengthen and improve the company?s position and profitability. The purpose of R&D is to generate and provide information and knowledge to reduce uncertainty, solve problems and to provide better data on which management can base decisions. Specific projects cover a wide range of activities and time scales, from a few months to 20 years. 1.基础研究和应用研究 在工业上进行研究和开发最主要的原因是经济利益方面,是为了加强公司的地位,提高公司的利润。R&D的目的是做出并提供信息和知识以减低不确定性,解决问题,以及向管理层提供更好的数据以便他们能据此做出决定。特别的项目涵盖很大的活动范围和时间范围,从几个月到20年。 We can pick out a number of areas of R&D activity in the following paragraphs but if we were to start with those which were to spring to the mind of the academic, rather than the industrial, chemist then these would be basic, fundamental (background) or exploratory research and the synthesis of new compounds. This is also labeled “blue skies” research. 我们可以在后面的段落里举出大量的R&D活动。但是如果我们举出的点子来源于研究院而不是工业化学家的头脑,这就是基础的或探索性的研究 Fundamental research is typically associated with university research. It may be carried out for its own intrinsic interest and it will add to the total knowledge base but no immediate applications of it in the “real world” well be apparent. Note that it will provide a valuable
大学英语专业学习计划 篇一:大学英语专业规划 英语专业学习规划 英语小教093 陈盼盼 对于英语专业的学生来讲,进入大学校园后会发现专业课程交相出现,英语有关书籍种类繁杂。不由得觉得科科重要,本本经典。但是只有科学的规划,合理的时间安排才会平衡自己学习上的需求与学校授课步伐上的差异,使听说读写译五种技能得到锻炼及提高,四年之后达到熟练掌握英语这门语言工具的能力。 大一: 这一年是英语专业学习压力比较小的时候。主要开设的课程有综合英语,语音,语法,教师基本技能及如思想品德等基础课程。从中可以看到这两个学期是在为专业打基础的时候。可以做的事情首先是锻炼自己的口语,这与一般学校头一二个月的时候进行规范语音的工作相一致。平时进行语言模仿,可以选择语音质量较高的电影,歌曲,配乐诗歌,散文朗诵及演讲等材料进行逐句模仿,大段背诵的形式来锤炼语音,让人在听觉上感到一种享受。其次是对单词的积累。可以结合大学英语六级或是专业英语四级的词汇手册作为参考,加大平时背诵的单词数量,为大二下学期专业四级的考试打下基础。通过阅读有关词根词缀构词法或相关的书籍
和其它形式的材料可以帮助揭示单词内在的规律。再次是对语言基础知识的积累。多读些关于语言学习的书和杂志,报刊。如各种简装本的名著,新兴词语汇集,英语学习,二十一世纪报等,它们可以提高对语言的感性认识,增强语感,而另一个非常实用但却容易被忽略的材料是像新概念这样的经典教材,语言准确,句型精美,通过精听,模仿,背诵这三个步骤可以在短时内提高语言基础。 大二: 如果还没有完成如语音表达标准,词汇捕捉敏锐这样的对语言表层现象的掌握,那么这一年要做的事情就显得很多。除了对上述能力的加强外,这个时期对语法的把握也是比较重要的事情。不要相信他人的观点:语法不再重要,没有语法也可以交流。这样的观点看起来是十分荒谬的。英语语言高度的逻辑性就体现在其精准的语法结构上。中西方思维逻辑的判别在这里也可以窥见一斑。阅读专业的语法教材或者参加语法培训都是可取的。在第二个学期,我的学习重点会转向英语专业四级考试。但经过上面三个学期的积累和第四学期大量做题实战加之权威书籍的指点想必我一次性通过的比例应该不小。 大三: 无论是什么专业的同学在这时都应该提早做前途归化。考不考研,考什么研是英语专业学习一直疑问的问题。但不
Unit 21 Chemical Industry and Environment 化学工业与环境 How can we reduce the amount of waste that is produced? And how we close the loop by redirecting spent materials and products into programs of recycling? All of these questions must be answered through careful research in the coming years as we strive to keep civilization in balance with nature. 我们怎样才能减少产生废物的数量?我们怎样才能使废弃物质和商品纳入循环使用的程序?所有这些问题必须要在未来的几年里通过仔细的研究得到解决,这样我们才能保持文明与自然的平衡。 1.Atmospheric Chemistry Coal-burning power plants, as well as some natural processes, deliver sulfur compounds to the stratosphere, where oxidation produces sulfuric acid particles that reflect away some of the incoming visible solar radiation. In the troposphere, nitrogen oxides produced by the combustion of fossil fuels combine with many organic molecules under the influence of sunlight to produce urban smog. The volatile hydrocarbon isoprene, well known as a building block of synthetic rubber, is also produced naturally in forests. And the chlorofluorocarbons, better known as CFCs, are inert in automobile air conditioners and home refrigerators but come apart under ultraviolet bombardment in the mid-stratosphere with devastating effect on the earth’s stratospheric ozone layer. The globally averaged atmospheric concentration of stratospheric ozone itself is only 3 parts in 10 million, but it has played a crucial protective role in the development of all biological life through its absorption of potentially harmful shout-wavelength solar ultraviolet radiation. 1.大气化学 燃煤发电厂像一些自然过程一样,也会释放硫化合物到大气层中,在那里氧化作用产生硫酸颗粒能反射入射进来的可见太阳辐射。在对流层,化石燃料燃烧所产生的氮氧化物在阳光的影响下与许多有机物分子结合产生都市烟雾。挥发的碳氢化合物异戊二烯,也就是众所周知的合成橡胶的结构单元,可以在森林中天然产生含氯氟烃。我们所熟悉的CFCs,在汽车空调和家用冰箱里是惰性的,但在中平流层内在紫外线的照射下回发生分解从而对地球大气臭氧层造成破坏,全球大气层中臭氧的平均浓度只有3ppm,但它对所有生命体的生长发育都起了关键的保护作用,因为是它吸收了太阳光线中有害的短波紫外辐射。 During the past 20 years, public attention has been focused on ways that mankind has caused changes in the atmosphere: acid rain, stratospheric zone depletion, greenhouse warming, and the increased oxidizing capacity of the atmosphere. We have known for generations that human activity has affected the nearby surroundings, but only gradually have we noticed such effects as acid rain on a regional then on an intercontinental scale. With the problem of ozone depletion and concerns about global warming, we have now truly entered an era of global change, but the underlying scientific facts have not yet been fully established. 在过去的二十年中,公众的注意力集中在人类对大气层的改变:酸雨、平流层臭氧空洞、温室现象,以及大气的氧化能力增强,前几代人已经知道,人类的活动会对邻近的环境造成影响,但意识到像酸雨这样的效应将由局部扩展到洲际范围则是慢慢发现的。随着臭氧空洞问题的出现,考虑到对全球的威胁,我们已真正进入到全球话改变的时代,但是基本的
中文学科、专业名称英文学科、专业名称哲学Philosophy 哲学Philosophy 马克思主义哲学Philosophy of Marxism xx 哲学Chinese Philosophy xx 哲学Foreign Philosophies 逻辑学Logic 伦理学Ethics 美学Aesthetics 宗教学Science of Religion 科学技术哲学Philosophy of Science and Technology 经济学Economics 理论经济学Theoretical Economics 政治经济学Political Economy 经济思想史History of Economic Thought 经济史History of Economic
西方经济学Western Economics 世界经济World Economics 人口、资源与环境经济学Population, Resources and Environmental Economics 应用经济学Applied Economics 国民经济学National Economics 区域经济学Regional Economics 财政学(含税收学) Public Finance (including Taxation) 金融学(含保险学) Finance (including Insurance) 产业经济学Industrial Economics 国际贸易学International Trade 劳动经济学Labor Economics 统计学Statistics 数量经济学Quantitative Economics 中文学科、专业名称英文学科、专业名称 国防经济学National Defense Economics
精心整理一、元素和单质的命名 “元素”和“单质”的英文意思都是“element”,有时为了区别,在强调“单质”时可用“freeelement”。因此,单质的英文名称与元素的英文名称是一样的。下面给出的既是元素的名称,同时又是单质的名称。 或用后缀-ous表示低价,-ic表示高价。 如FeO:iron(II)oxide或ferrous oxideFe2O3:iron(III)oxide或ferric oxide Cu2O:copper(I)oxide或cuprous oxide CuO:copper(II)oxide或cupric oxide 2.化合物负电荷部分的读法: 2.1二元化合物: 常见的二元化合物有卤化物,氧化物,硫化物,氮化物,磷化物,碳化物,金属氢化物等,命名时需要使用后缀-ide, 如:fluoride,chloride,bromide,iodide,oxide,sulfide,nitride,phosphide,carbide,hydride;OH-的名称也是用后缀-ide:hydroxide, 非金属氢化物不用此后缀,而是将其看成其它二元化合物(见2。2);非最低价的二元化合
物还要加前缀,如O22-:peroxideO2-:superoxide 举例:NaF:sodiumfluoride AlCl3:aluminiumchloride Mg2N3:magnesiumnitride Ag2S:silversulfide CaC2:calciumcarbide Fe(OH)2:iron(II)hydroxide 有些物质常用俗称,如NOnitricoxideN2Onitrousoxide 2.2非金属氢化物 除了水和氨气使用俗称water,ammonia以外,其它的非金属氢化物都用系统名称,命名规则根据化学式的写法不同而有所不同。对于卤族和氧族氢化物,H在化学式中写在前面,因此将其看成另一元素的二元化合物。 举例:HFhydrogenfluorideHClhydrogenchloride HBrhydrogenbromideHIhydrogeniodide CH4 H 高某酸 举例: H HPO3 正盐:根据化学式从左往右分别读出阳离子和阴离子的名称。 如FeSO4iron(II)sulfateKMnO4potassiumpermanganate 酸式盐:同正盐的读法,酸根中的H读做hydrogen,氢原子的个数用前缀表示。 如NaHCO3:sodiumhydrogencarbonate或sodiumbicarbonate NaH2PO4:sodiumdihydrogenphosphate 复盐:同正盐的读法,并且阳离子按英文名称的第一个字母顺序读。 如KNaCO3:potassiumsodiumcarbonate NaNH4HPO4:ammoniumsodiumhydrogenphosphate 水合盐:结晶水读做water或hydrate 如AlCl3.6H2O:aluminumchloride6-water或aluminumchloridehexahydrate AlK(SO4)212H2Oaluminiumpotassiumsulphate12-water
04.GROUPS IIIB—VIIIB ELEMENTS Group I-B includes the elements scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, and actinium1, and the two rare-earth series of fourteen elements each2—the lanthanide and actinide series. The principal source of these elements is the high gravity river and beach sands built up by a water-sorting process during long periods of geologic time. Monazite sand, which contains a mixture of rare earth phosphates, and an yttrium silicate in a heavy sand are now commercial sources of a number of these scarce elements. B组包括元素钪,钇,镧,和actinium1,和2稀土系列十四each2镧系和锕系元素的系列。这些元素的主要来源是重力高与海滩砂建立起来的water-sorting过程在漫长的地质年代。独居石砂,其中包含一个混合稀土磷酸盐,和一个钇硅酸盐在沉沙现在商业来源的一些这些稀有元素。 Separation of the elements is a difficult chemical operation. The solubilities of their compounds are so nearly alike that a separation by fractional crystallization is laborious and time-consuming. In recent years, ion exchange resins in high columns have proved effective. When certain acids are allowed to flow down slowly through a column containing a resin to which ions of Group III B metals are adsorbed, ions are successively released from the resin3. The resulting solution is removed from the bottom of the column or tower in bands or sections. Successive
大学各专业名称英文翻译——理科SCIENCE 理科 SCIENCE 课程中文名称课程英文名称 矩阵分析 Matrix Analysis 面向对象程序设计方法 Design Methods of Object oriented Program 李代数 Lie Algebra 代数图论 Algebraic Graph Theory 代数几何(I) Algebraic Geometry(I) 泛函分析 Functional Analysis 论文选读 Study on Selected Papers Hoof代数 Hoof Algebra 基础代数 Fundamental Algebra 交换代数 Commutative Algebra 代数几何 Algebraic Geometry Hoof代数与代数群量子群 Hoof Algebra , Algebraic Group and Qua numb G roup 量子群表示 Representation of Quantum Groups 网络算法与复杂性 Network Algorithms and Complexity 组合数学 Combinatorial Mathematics 代数学 Algebra
半群理论 Semigroup Theory 计算机图形学 Computer Graphics 图的对称性 Graph Symmetry 代数拓扑 Algebraic Topology 代数几何(II) Algebraic Geometry(II) 微分几何 Differential Geometry 多复变函数 Analytic Functions of Several Complex Varian les 代数曲面 Algebraic Surfaces 高维代数簇 Algebraic Varieties of Higher Dimension 数理方程 Mathematics and Physical Equation 偏微分方程近代方法 The Recent Methods of Partial Differential Equatio ns 激波理论 The Theory of Shock Waves 非线性双曲型守恒律解的存在性 The Existence of Solutions for Non-linea r Hyperbolic Conservation Laws 粘性守恒律解的稳定性 Stability of Solutions for Viscous Conservation Laws 微分方程数值解 Numerical Methods for Differential Equations 小波理论与应用 Wavelet Theory and Application 非线性方程组的数值解法 Numerical Methods for No-linear System s of Eq uations 网络算法与复杂性 Network Algorithms and Complexity Graph Theory 60
2011年春季学期应用化学专业 《08级化学化工专业英语试卷答案》 1. state-of-the-industry 中文:工业发展水平(1分) 2. alkyl ether sulfate中文:烷基醚硫酸盐(酯)(1.5分) 3. W/O 英文:water in oil,(oil emulsion) ;中文:油乳胶(油包水)(1.5分) 4. 2,6-Dimethy-2,7-octadien-6-ol 画出结构式: (4分) 5. The inherent tendency of the whole or a part of a molecule to pass out of or not to penetrate into a water phase. 英文:Hydrophoby ;中文:疏水性(亲油性)(1.5分) 6. A substance which, when introduced in a liquid, increases its wetting tendency. 英文:Wetting agent ;中文:润湿剂(1.5分) 7. The process by which soil is dislodged from the substrate and bought into a state of solution or dispersion. 英文:Detergency ;中文:去污性(力)(1.5分) 8. An attribute which is related to benefit not directly but through association or suggestion. 英文:Signal attribute ;中文:信号属性(1.5分)
3.GROUPS IB AND IIB ELEMENTS Physical properties of Group IB and IIB 物理性能和防爆兴业集团 These elements have a greater bulk use as metals than in compounds, and their physical properties vary widely. 这些元素有一个更大的体积比使用金属的化合物,其物理性能差别很大。 Gold is the most malleable and ductile of the metals. It can be hammered into sheets of 0.00001 inch in thickness; one gram of the metal can be drawn into a wire 1.8 mi in length1. Copper and silver are also metals that are mechanically easy to work. Zinc is a little brittle at ordinary temperatures, but may be rolled into sheets at between 120° to 150℃; it becomes brittle again about 200℃-The low-melting temperatures of zinc contribute to the preparation of zinc-coated iron .galvanized iron; clean iron sheet may be dipped into vats of liquid zinc in its preparation. A different procedure is to sprinkle or air blast zinc dust onto hot iron sheeting for a zinc melt and then coating. 黄金是最可塑性和韧性的金属。它可以被锤打成薄片0.00001英寸的厚度;一克的金属能被拉成丝1.8米length1。铜和银金属机械,也容易的工作。锌是一种小常温下易碎,但可轧成在120°150℃;它变
大学中的各学院专业英语名称 学院简称专业名称 专业简称 农学院 农学Agronomy 农学 植物科学与技术Plant Science and Technology 植科 种子科学与工程Seed Science and Engineering 种子 植保学院植物保护Plant Protection 植保 制药工程Pharmaceutical Engineering 制药 园艺学院 园艺Horticulture 园艺 设施农业科学与工程Facility Agriculture Science and Engineering 设施 动科学院动物科学Animal Science 动科 草业科学Pratacultural Science 草业
水产养殖Aquaculture 水产林学院林学Forestry 林学 园林Landscape and Gardening 园林 林产化工Chemical Processing of Forest 林化 艺术设计Artistic Designing 艺术 森林资源保护与游憩Forest Resources 森保 资环学院资源环境与城乡规划管理Urban and ural Planning & Resource Management 城管 资源环境科学(农业资源与环境)Resources and Environmental Sciences 资环 环境科学Environmental Science 环科 地理信息系统Geographical Information System 地信 水建学院水文与水资源工程Hydrology and Water Resource Engineering 水文