2015年职称英语_应试技巧-补全短文练习

2015职称英语应试技巧

补全短文练习

目录

Don’t Rely on Plankton to Save the Planet (2)

Tuberculosis Kills 1, 000 People a Day in Asia (2)

How One Simple Movement Can Let Slip the Secrets of the Mind (3)

Leukemia (4)

What Makes Me the Weight I Am? (4)

What We Take from And Give to the Sea (5)

“Happy Birthday to You” (6)

What Is Insulin-dependent Diabetes? (7)

The Value of Motherhood (8)

The Arctic Ice is Thawing (9)

Why Do Peoples Shrink? (10)

Death Control (10)

Looking to the Future (11)

补全短文参考答案: (12)

Don’t Rely on Plankton to Save the Planet

Encouraging plankton growth in the ocean has been touted by some as a promising way to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. ____(1)____

Adding iron to patches of ocean can make plankton bloom temporarily. The microscopic organisms suck up dissolved carbon dioxide from the water, which in turn is replaced by carbon dioxide from the air. ___(2)____

Jorge Sarmiento from Princeton and his colleagues developed a complex computer model to analyse how factors such as ocean chemistry and water circulation would affect the process if 160,000 square kilometers of ocean were seeded with iron for a month. ____(3)_____ In their scenario, which covers an area 10 times as big as the largest experiment of this kind ever proposed, fertilizing the ocean removes 1 million tones of carbon from the atmosphere—just 0.2 per cent of the carbon dioxide humankind spews out each month.

Rough estimates in the past have predicted similarly disappointing results. ____(4)_____says Sallie Chis holm, an environmental engineer from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. ―But the take-home message is the same. ____(5)_____‖

A Its opponents argue, however, that it will stop global warming.

B Its opponents fear that it will damage the marine ecosystem, and now a computer model

shows that the trick would also be remarkably inefficient.

C As plankton die an settle on the ocean floor, their carbon is supposedly locked up in the

seabed.

D They found that 100 years later only between 2 and 11 per cent of the extra carbon that was

originally taken up by plankton had actually been removed from the atmosphere.

E ―These are newer and better models,‖ Q727007008

F Ocean fertilization is not the answer to global warming.

Tuberculosis Kills 1, 000 People a Day in Asia

World Health Organization (WHO) officials recently urged Asia-Pacific governments to shake off complacency and intensify the fight against tuberculosis (TB), which kills 1,000 people a day in the region. Shigeru Omi, regional director of WHO for the Western Pacific, said deaths caused by tuberculosis continue to rise in the region as more and more people are infected with the dreadful disease every year.

“Ever year, an additional two million tuberculosis cases are diagnosed in the region.”Omi said at a news conference during the opening of a two-day meeting of Asian parliamentarians to discuss strategies to control the disease. (1) ―When it comes to developed countries, the reason for the increase of TB is related to the ageing society,‖he said. ― (2) ‖ ―One common fact among developing countries and developed countries is complacency,‖ Omi added. ―(3) ‖

WHO said among the ―high burden, high risk‖ countries in the region are Cambodia, China, Laos, Mongolia, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines and Vietnam. (4) It noted that

more than 40 million people are infected with the disease and ―10 per cent of them will develop TB in their lifetime‖. In Cambodia, more than 7 million people, or 60 per cent of the population. are infected with the disease, while in Vietnam more than 145,000 people are infected each year. ―In several developed and newly industrialized countries in the Western Pacific region, TB prevalence has not decreased markedly during the last decade although economic growth should make more resources available to deal with the problem,‖ WHO said.(5) Omi expressed confidence that with renewed vigilance among health officials in the region, TB prevalence could be reduced by half by 2010.

A. If you become elderly, your immune system is becoming weaker and weaker.

B. In Japan, the number of diagnosed cases rose to 48,264 in 1999 from 42,472 cases in 1996.

C. Omi pointed out that the main factor for the rise of TB cases in developing countries is the

rapid increase of people who migrate into the big cities and live in unsanitary conditions. D. There is no doubt that tuberculosis will be eliminated completely everywhere in the world in

the near future.

E. They thought we have already conquered tuberculosis, so they become a little bit

complacent.

F. WHO records showed that in China, tuberculosis is one of the most common causes of death.

How One Simple Movement Can Let Slip the Secrets of the Mind Body language is the quiet, secret and most powerful language of all! It is said that our body movements communicate about 50 per cent of what we really mean while words themselves only express 7 per cent. So, while your mouth is closed, just what is your body saying...

Arms. (1) If you keep your arms to the sides of your body or behind your back, this suggests you are not afraid of taking on whatever comes your way. (2) If someone upsets you, just cross your arms to show you‘re unhappy!

Head. When you want to appear confident, keep your head level. If you are monitor in class, you can also take on this position when you want your words to be taken seriously. (3) Legs. Your legs tend to move around a lot more than normal when you are nervous or telling lies. If you are at interviews, try to keep them still!

Posture. A good posture makes you feel better about yourself. (4) This makes breathing more difficult, which in turn can make you feel nervous or uncomfortable.

Mouth. When you are thinking, you often purse your lips. You might also use this position to hold back an angry comment you don‘t wish to show.(5)

A. If you are feeling down, you normally don‘t sit straight, with your shoulders inwards.

B. If you are pleased, you usually open your eyes wide and people can notice this.

C. Outgoing people generally use their arms with big movements, while quieter people keep

them close to their bodies. Q727OO70O8

D. How you hold your arms shows how open and receptive you are to people you meet.

E. However, it will probably still be noticed, and people will know you‘re not pleased.

F. However, to be friendly in listening or speaking, you must move your head a little to one

side.

Leukemia

Leukemia is the most common type of cancer kids get, but it is still very rare. Leukemia involves the blood and blood-forming organs, such as the bone marrow. ____(1)___

A kid with leukemia produces lots of abnormal white blood cells in the bone marrow. Usually, white blood cells fight infection, but the white blood cells in a person with leukemia don‘t work the way they‘re supposed to. ___(2)___ The abnormal white blood cells multiply out of control, filling the bone marrow and making it hard for enough normal, infection-fighting white blood cells to form. Other blood cells—such as red blood cells (that carry oxygen in the blood to the body‘s tissues) and platelets (that allow blood to clot) –are also crowded out by the white blood cells of leukemia. These cancer cells may also move to other parts of the body, including the bloodstream, where they continue to multiply and build up.

Although leukemia can make kids sick, most of the time it is treatable, and kids get better. Almost all leukemia patients are treated with chemotherapy, which means using anti-cancer drugs. ___(3)___ Chemotherapy quickly goes to work, traveling through the blood to the bone marrow. There, the drugs can attack the cancer cells. After several weeks of chemotherapy, many kids begin to feel better.

Some children with leukemia will also have to have radiation therapy, too. ___(4)___

If the cancer isn‘t getting better from using the usual amounts of chemotherapy and radiation, then a kid with leukemia will probably need more treatment—with higher doses of chemotherapy and radiation finally kill the cancer cells. But this heavy-duty treatment will also harm the normal cells in the kid‘s bone marrow too, and the bone marrow will no longer be able to produce normal blood cells. So, doctors will then give a kid—or anyone else with bone marrow that is no longer working ——normal bone marrow tissue from someone else who is healthy. ___(5)____

A The chemotherapy drugs are given through a catheter, a narrow tube that is inserted into a

blood v essel, sometimes in the kid‘s upper chest.

B Early symptoms of leukemia are often overlooked, since they may resemble symptoms of the

flu or other common diseases.

C This is a special procedure called a bone marrow transplant, and it helps the patient make new

blood cells so they can recover from the leukemia.

D Bone marrow is the innermost part of some bones where blood cells are first made.

E They don‘t protect the person from infections very well.

F Radiation therapy uses invisible high-energy waves (similar to X-rays) to kill cancerous cells.

What Makes Me the Weight I Am?

There‘s no easy answer to this question. Your genetic makeup, the physical traits that get

passed down to you from your parents, plays a big part in determining your size and weight. ___(1)___ But if your parents are smaller than average, you may want to rethink that professional basketball career!

The same goes for your body type. Have you ever heard someone say a person is ―big boned?‖ It‘s a way of saying the person has a lar ge frame, or skeleton. Big bones usually weight more than small bones. ____(2)_____

Like your height or body type, your genes have a lot to say about what your weight will be. But that‘s only part of the story. Being overweight can run in someone‘s family, but it may not be because of their genes. ____(3)____ And even though some kids gain weight more easily than others, when they eat right and exercise, most kids can be a healthy and happy weight that‘s right for them. It‘s true—the way you live can change the way you look.

How much you weight is a balance between the calories you eat and the calories you use. ____(4)____ If you spend your free time watching TV, your body won‘t use as many calories as it would if you played basketball, skated, or went for a walk. If you are in balance, your weight will stay right for you as you grow. But if you eat more and exercise less, you may become overweight. ___(5)___

A That‘s why it‘s possible for two kids with the same height, but different weights, to both be

the right weight. 727O070O8

B If you eat more calories than your body needs to use, you will gain too much weight.

C Poor eating and exercise habits also run in families and this may be the reason the members

of a family are overweight.

D However, many overweight people have difficulty reaching their healthy body weight.

E On the other hand, if you eat less and exercise more, you may lose weight.

F If both your parents are tall, there is a good chance you‘ll be tall.

What We Take from And Give to the Sea

As long as we have been on earth, we have used the sea around us. We take from the ocean, and we give to it.

We take fishes from the ocean - millions of kilograms, of fish, every year, to feed millions of people. _____(1)_____ We take minerals from the ocean. One way to get salt is to place seawater in a shallow basin and leave it until it evaporates. ____ (2)_____ Much gold and silver drift dissolved in the waters of the sea, too1. But the sea does not' give them up by simple evaporation. Other gifts from the sea are pearls, sponges and seaweed. Pearls become jewelry. ___(3)___ Seaweed becomes food of many kinds - even candy, and ice cream - as well as medicine. Believe it or not, fresh water is another gift from the sea. We cannot drink ocean water. ___ (4)___ But ocean water becomes fresh water. when the salts are removed. In the future, we will find ourselves depending more and more on fresh water from the sea.

The Sea gives us food, fertilizer, minerals, water, and other gifts. What do we give the sea? Garbage. ___ (5)____ Huge as it is, the ocean cannot hold all the water that we pour into it.

Dumping garbage into the ocean is killing off sea life2. Yet as the world population grows, we may need the sea and its gifts more than ever.

We are finally learning that if we destroy our seas, we might also destroy ourselves. Hopefully, it is not too late.

A. Natural sponges become cleaning aids.

B. We pollute the ocean when we use it as a garbage dump.

C. The area of the sea is becoming smaller and smaller.

D. Along with salt, other minerals are left after evaporation.

E. We even use their bones for fertilizer.

F. Some of its contents may cause illness.

“Happy Birthday to You”

The main problem in discussing American popular culture is also one of its main characteristics: it won‘t stay American. No matter what it is, whether it is films, food and fashion, music, casual sports or slang, it‘s soon at home elsewhere in the world. There are several theories why American popular culture has had this appeal.

One theory is that it has been ―advertised‖ and marketed through American films, popular music, and more recently, television. ____(1)____They are, after all, in competition with those produced by other countries.

Another theory, probably a more common one, is that American popular culture is internationally associated with something called ―the spirit of America.‖ ____(2)____ The final theory is less complex: American popular culture is popular because a lot of people in the world like it.

Regardless of why it spread, American popular culture is usually quite rapidly adopted and then adapted in many other countries. ____(3)____ ―Happy Birthday to You,‖ for instance, is such an everyday song that its source, its American copyright, so to speak, is not remembered. Black leather jackets worn by many heroes in American movies could be found, a generation later, on all those young men who wanted to make this manly-look their own.

Two areas where this continuing process is most clearly seen are clothing and music. Some people can still remember a time when T-shirts, jogging clothes, tennis shoes, denim jackets, and blue jeans were not common daily wear everywhere. Only twenty years ago, it was possible to spot an American in Paris by his or her clothes. No longer so: those bring colors, checkered jackets and trousers, hats and socks which were once made fun of in cartoons are back again in Paris as the latest fashion. ____(4)____

The situation with American popular music is more complex because in the beginning, when it was still clearly American, it was often strongly resisted. Jazz was once thought to be a great danger to youth and their morals, and was actually outlawed in several countries. Today, while stills blowing it s rather American roots, it has become so well established. Rock ?n‘ roll and its

variations, country & western music, all have more or less similar histories. They were first resisted, often in America as well, as being ―low-class,‖ and then as ―a danger to our nation‘s youth.‖ ____(5)____And then the music became accepted and was extended and developed, and exported back to the U.S.

A As a result, its American origins and roots are often quickly forgotten.

B But this theory fails to explain why American films, music, and television programs are so

popular in themselves.

C American in origin, informal clothing has become the world‘s first truly universal style.

D The BBC, for example, banned rock and roll until 1962.

E American food has become popular around the world too.

F This spirit is variously described as being young and free, optimistic and confident,

informal and disrespectful.

What Is Insulin-dependent Diabetes?

When you eat, your body, takes the sugar from food and turns it into fuel. ____(1)____ Your body uses glucose for energy, so it can do everything from breathing air to playing a video game. But glucose can‘t be used by the body on its own—it needs a hormone called insulin to bring it into the cells of the body.

Most people get the insulin they need from the pancreas, a large organ near the stomach. The pancreas makes insulin; insulin brings glucose into the cells; and the body gets the energy it needs. When a person has insulin-dependent diabetes, it‘s because the pancreas is not making insulin. So someone could be eating lost of food and getting all the glucose he needs, but without insulin, there is no way for the body to use the glucose for energy. _____(2)____

You may have heard older people talk about having diabetes, maybe people of your grandparents‘ age. Usually, this is a different kind of diabetes called non-insulin-dependent diabetes. It can also be called Type 2 diabetes, or adult-onset diabetes.______(3)_____ When a kid diagnosed with juvenile (insulin-dependent) diabetes, he will have that type of diabetes for his whole life. It won‘t ever change to non-insulin-dependent diabetes when he gets older.

Scientists now think that a person who has juvenile diabetes was born with a certain gene or genes that made the person more likely to get the illness. ____(4)____ Many scientists believe that along with having certain gees, something else outside the person‘s body, like a viral infection, is necessary to set the diabetes in motion by affecting the cells in the pancreas that make insulin.

But the person must have the gene (or genes) for diabetes to start out with—this means you can‘t get diabetes just from catching a flu, virus, or cold. And this type of diabetes isn‘t caused by eating too many sugary foods, eight. Diabe tes can take a long time to develop in a person‘s body —sometimes months or year. Another important thing to remember is that diabetes is not contagious. ____(5)____

A Genes are something that you inherit form your parents, and they are in your body even

before you‘re born.

B This sugar-fuel is called glucose.

C It may be possible to beat insulin resistance through lifestyle changes.

D You can‘t catch diabetes from people who have it, no mater how close you sit to them or if

you kiss them. Q7二7007008

E The glucose can‘t get into the cells of the body without insulin.

F When a person has this kind of diabetes, the pancreas usually can still make insulin, but the

per son‘s body needs more than the pancreas can make.

The Value of Motherhood

In shopping malls, the assistants try to push you into buying " a gift to thank her for her unselfish love". When you log onto1 a Website, a small pop-up2 invites you to book a bouquet for her. Commercial warmth and gratitude are the atmosphere being spread around for this special Sunday in May.

__(1)___ The popularity of Mother's Day around the world suggests that Jarvis got all she wanted. In fact, she got more - enough to make her horrified.

_(2)__ _ They buy, among other things, 132 million cards. Mother's Day is the No 1 holiday for flower purchases. Then there are the various commodities, ranging from jewelry and clothes to cosmetics and washing powder, that take advantage of the promotion opportunities. Because of this, Jarvis spent the last 40 years of her life trying to stop Mother‘s Day. One protest against the commercialization of Mother's Day even got her arrested - for disturbing the peace, interestingly.

__(3) __As Ralph Fevre, a reporter at the UK newspaper The Guardian, observe, traditionally "motherhood is something that we do because we think it's fight." But in the logic of commercialism, people need something in exchange for their time and energy. A career serves this purpose better.

__(4)___ So they work hard and play hard. Becoming a mother, however, inevitably handicaps career anticipation.

___(5)___ According to The Guardian, there are twice as many child-free young women as there were a generation ago. Or, they put off the responsibility of parenting until later in their lives.

So, Fevre writes that the meaning of celebrating Mother's Day needs to be updated: "It is to persuade people that parenting is a good idea and to honor people for their attempt to be good people."

A The American version of Mother's Day was thought up as early as 1905, by Anna Jarvis,

as a way of recognizing the real value of motherhood.

B But what's more, commercialism changes young people's attitude towards motherhood.

C Obviously, the best gift will be a phone call or a visit.

D According to a research by the US card company Hallmark, 96 percent of American

consumers celebrate the holiday.

E As a result, motherhood has suffered a huge drop in status since the 1950s.

F In addition, women are being encouraged to pursue any career they desire.

The Arctic Ice is Thawing

Father Christmas may have to move his ―workshop1‖ from the North Pole because global warming is thawing the ice beneath his feet and his reindeers' feet as well. His ―workshop‖ is in dire straits. The ―platform‖ for the ―workshop‖ is melting, said Stefan Norris of the World Wildlife Fund environmental group's Arctic Program.

An eight-nation report by 250 scientists published recently predicted the Arctic Ocean could be ice-free in summer by 2100 because of a build-up of heat-trapping gases2 in the atmosphere, mainly from burning fossil fuels in cars or factories. The North Pole is getting more and more inhabitable to Father Christmas. ___1___. Young people learn that F ather Christmas' ―workshop‖ produces millions of gifts delivered by him on a flying, reindeer-drawn sleigh. Hollywood movies like "The Polar Express3" tried to make viewers believe that Father Christmas lives at the North Pole. ___2___.

The "Fortress of Solitude" is near the North Pole that could be under threat in a warmer world5. Alan Boldt, spokesman of the Danish Ministry of Science, suggested ways to rescue Father Christmas. ___3___. Another alternative, he argued, would be building some electrical facilities to ensure the ice stays on the North Pole for him. "This should be a subject for the United Nations," he said. ―Danmark could build windmills to provide Father Christmas with power." Denmark says Father Christmas‘s real home is Greenland, which wil l help, Denmark thinks, to strengthen its position in claiming the sovereignty over the Pole. ___4___.

"Doesn't he already speak Danish?" Boldt said frostily when asked if Father Christmas would be forced to learn Danish if Denmark won international recognition of its claim to the Pole. Last month's Arctic report said the region is warming twice as fast as the rest of the globe, partly because dark ground or water, once uncovered, soaks up more heat than ice or snow. Finland has been most favored by Father Christmas and it has about 500,000 tourists a year to visit its Christmas center in Rovaniemi in Lapland6. ___5___. Q727007008

A．However, Nordic nations all reject it by claiming that their countries are his home.

B．Therefore the North Pole is the most attractive place in the world.

C．If Denmark‘s claim were accepted internationally, it would have the legal right to search for oil and gas at the North Pole.

D．One of them would be building a giant floating ice rink for the workshop if the Pole thaws.

E．Maybe Father Christmas has already moved to Rovaniemi.

F．He may have to move from the North Pole within our children's lifetimes.

Why Do Peoples Shrink?

Did you ever see the movie Honey, I Shrunk the Kids?It‘s about wacky dad (who‘s also a scientist) who accidentally shrinks his kids with his homemade miniaturizing invention. Oops! ___(1)___

For older people, shrinking isn‘t that dramatic or sudden at all. It takes place over years and may add up to only an inch or so off of their adult height(maybe a little more, maybe less). And this kind of shrinking can‘t be magically reversed, although there are things that can be done to stop it or slow it sown. ___(2)___

There are a few reasons. As people get older, they generally lose some muscle and lat form their bodies as part of the natural aging process. Gravity (the force that keeps your feet on the ground) takes hold, and the bones in the spine, called vertebrae, may break down or degenerate, and start to collapse into one another. ___(3)____ But perhaps the most common reason why some older people shrink is because of osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis occurs when too much spongy bone tissue (which is found inside of most bones) is broken down and not enough new bone material is made. ___(4)___ Bones become smaller and weaker and can easily break if someone with osteoporosis is injured. Older people—especially women, who generally have smaller and lighter bones to begin with—are more likely to develop osteoporosis. As years go by, a person with osteoporosis shrinks a little bit.

Did you know that every day you do a shrinking act, too? You aren‘t as tall at the end of the day as you are at the beginning. That‘s because as the day goes on, water in the disks of the spi ne gets compressed (squeezed) due to gravity, making you just a tiny bit shorter. Don‘t worry, though. ___(5)___

A They end up pressing closer together, which makes a person lose a little high and become

shorter. Q727007008

B Once you get a good night‘s rest, your body recovers, and the next morning, you‘re standing

tall again!

C Over time, bone is said to be lost because it‘s not being replaced.

D Luckily, there are things that people can do to prevent shrinking.

E The kids spend the rest of the movie as tiny people who are barely visible while trying to get

back to their normal size.

F But why does shrinking happen at all?

Death Control

A very important world problem—in fact, I am inclined to say it is the most important of all the great world problems which face us at the present time—is the rapidly increasing pressure of population on land and on land resources.

_____ (1) _____. By 2000 A.D., unless something desperate happens, there will be as many

as 7, 000, 000, 000 people on the surface of the earth! So this is a problem which you are going to see in your lifetime.

Why is this enormous increase in population taking place? _____ (2) _____. You have heard of Birth Control? _____ (3) _____. Death Control recognizes the work of the doctors and the nurses and the hospitals and the health services in keeping alive people who, a few years ago, would have died of some of the incredibly serious killing diseases, as they used to do. Squalid conditions, which we can remedy by an improved standard of living, caused a lot of disease and dirt. Medical examinations at school catch diseases early and ensure healthier school children. Scientists are at work stamping out malaria and other more deadly diseases. If you are seriously ill there is an ambulance to take you to a modern hospital. _____ (4) _____. We used to think seventy was a good age; now eighty, ninety, it may be, are coming to be recognized as a normal age for human beings. _____ (5) _____.

A. People are living longer because of this Death Control, and fewer children are dying, so the

population of the world is shooting up.

B. Death Control is something rather different.

C. It is really due to the spread of the knowledge and the practice of what is coming to be called

Death Control. Q727007008

D. This enormous increase of population will create immense problems.

E. The standard of living may be improved through death control.

F. Medical care helps to keep people alive longer.

Looking to the Future

When a magazine for high-school students asked its readers what life would be like in twenty years, they said: Machines would be run by solar power. Buildings would rotate so they could follow the sun to take maximum advantage of its light and heat. Walls would ―radiate light‖ and ―change color with the push of a button.‖ Food would be replaced by pills. School would be taught ―by electrical impulse while we sleep.‖ Cars would have radar. Does this sound like the year 2000?______(1)

The future is much too important to simply guess about, the way the high school students did._______(2) By carefully studying the present, skilled businessmen, scientists, and politicians are supposedly able to figure out in advance what will happen. But can they? One expert on cities wrote: Cities of the future would not be crowded, but would have space for farms and fields. People would travel to work in ―airbuses‖, large all-weather helicopters carrying up to 200 passengers. When a person left the airbus station he could drive a coin-operated car equipped with radar. (3) Does that sound familiar? If the expert had been accurate it would, because he was writing in 1957. His subject was ―The city of 1982‖.

If the professionals sometimes sound like high-school stud ents, it‘s probably because future study is still a new field. Here is an example for future study. Economic forecasting, or predicting

what the economy will do, has been around for a long time. But there have been some big mistakes in this field, too. (4) In October of that year, the stock market had its worst losses ever, ruining thousands of investors who had put their faith in financial foreseers.

One forecaster knew that predictions about the future would always be subject to significant e rrors. In 1957, H.J. Rand of the Rand Corporation was asked about the year 2000. ―Only one thing is certain,‖ he answered.― (5)‖

A. In early 1929, most forecasters saw an excellent future for the stock market.

B. Children born today will have reached the age of 43.

C. Actually, the article was written in 1958 and the question was, ―what will life be like in

1978?‖

D. So experts are regularly asked to predict accurately.

E. Scientists are 80 percent accurate in predicting the future.

F. The radar equipment of cars would make traffic accidents ―almost unheard of‖.

补全短文参考答案:

最新中考应试作文十技巧

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