书法介绍英文版CalligraphyIntroduction完整版

书法介绍英文版

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Calligraphy

Calligraphy is understood in China as the art of writing a good hand with the brush or the study of the rules and techniques of this art. As such it is peculiar to China and the few countries influenced by ancient Chinese culture.

In the history of Chinese art, calligraphy has always been held in

equal importance to painting. Great attention is also paid today to

its development by holding exhibitions of ancient and contemporary

works and by organizing competitions among youngsters and people from

various walks of life. Sharing of experience in this field often

makes a feature in Sino-Japanese cultural exchange.

Chinese calligraphy, like the script itself, began with the hieroglyphs and, over the long ages of evolution, has developed various styles and schools, constituting an important part of the heritage of national culture.

Classification

Chinese scripts are generally divided into five categories:

The seal character (zhuan), the official or clerical script (li), the

regular script (kai), the running hand (xing) and the cursive hand

(cao).

1) The zhuan script or seal character was the earliest form of writing

after the oracle inscriptions, which must have caused great

inconvenience because they lacked uniformity and many characters were

written in variant forms. The first effort for the unification of

writing, it is said, took place during the reign of King Xuan (827-782

B. C.) of the Western Zhou Dynasty, when his taishi (grand historian)

Shi Zhou compiled a lexicon of 15 chapters, standardizing Chinese

writing under script called zhuan. It is also known as zhouwen after

the name of the author. This script, often used in seals, is translated into English as the seal character, or as the "curly script" after the shape of its strokes.

Shi Zhou's lexicon (which some thought was written by a later author of the state of Qin) had long been lost, yet it is generally agreed that the inscriptions on the drum-shaped Qin stone blocks were basically of the same style as the old zhuan script.

When, in 221 B. C., Emperor Qin Shi Huang unified the whole of China under one central

government, he ordered his Prime Minister Li Si to collect and sort out all the different systems of writing hitherto prevalent in different parts of the country in a great effort to unify the written language under one system. What Li did, in effect, was to simplify the ancient zhuan (small seal) script.

Today we have a most valuable relic of this ancient writing in the creator Li Si's own hand engraved on a stele standing in the Temple to the God of Taishan Mountain in Shandong Province. The 2,200-year-old stele, worn by age and weather, has only nine and a half characters left on it.

2) The lishu (official script) came in the wake of the xiaozhuan in the same short-lived Qin Dynasty (221 - 207 B. C.). This was because the xiaozhuan, though a simplified form of script, was still too complicated for the scribes in the various government offices who had to copy an increasing amount of documents. Cheng Miao, a prison warden, made a further simplification of the xiaozhuan, changing the curly strokes into straight and angular ones and thus making

writing much easier. A further step away from the pictographs, it was named lishu because li in classical Chinese meant "clerk" or "scribe". Another version says that Cheng Miao, because of certain offence, became a prisoner and slave himself; as the ancients also called bound slaves "li", so the script was named lishu or the "script of a slave".

3) The lishu was already very close to, and led to the adoption of, kaishu, regular script. The oldest existing example of this dates from the Wei (220-265), and the script developed under the Jin (265-420). The standard writing today is square in form, non-cursive and architectural in style. The characters are composed of a number of strokes out of a total of eight kinds-the dot, the horizontal, the vertical, the hook, the rising, the left-falling (short and long) and the right-falling strokes. Any aspirant for the status of calligrapher must start by learning to write a good hand in kaishu.

4) On the basis of lishu also evolved caoshu (grass writing or cursive hand), which is rapid and used for making quick but rough copies. This style is subdivided into two schools: zhangcao and jincao.

The first of these emerged at the time the Qin was replaced by the Han Dynasty between the 3rd and 2nd centuries B. C. The characters, though written rapidly, still stand separate one from another and the dots are not linked up with other strokes.

Jincao or the modern cursive hand is said to have been developed by Zhang Zhi (?-c. 192 A. D.) of the Eastern Han Dynasty, flourished in the Jin and Tang dynasties and is still widely popular today.

It is the essence of the caoshu, especially jincao, that the characters are executed swiftly with the strokes running together. The characters are often joined up, with the last stroke of

the first merging into the initial stroke of the next. They also vary in size in the same piece of writing, all seemingly dictated by the whims of the writer.

A great master at caoshu was Zhang Xu (early 8th century) of the Tang Dynasty, noted for the complete abandon with which he applied the brush. It is said that he would not set about

writing until he had got drunk. This he did, allowing the brush to "gallop" across the paper, curling, twisting or meandering in one unbroken stroke, thus creating an original style. Today one may still see fragments of a stele carved with characters in his handwriting, kept in the Provincial Museum of Shaanxi.

The best example and model for xingshu, all Chinese calligraphers will agree, is the

Inscription on Lanting Pavilion in the hand of Wang Xizhi (321-379) of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. To learn to write a nice hand in Chinese calligraphy, assiduous and persevering practice is necessary. This has been borne out by the many great masters China has produced. Wang Xizhi, the great artist just mentioned, who has exerted a profound influence on, and has been held in high esteem by, calligraphers and scholars throughout history, is said to have blackened in his childhood all the water of a pond in front of his house by washing the writing implements in it after his daily exercises. Another master, Monk Zhiyong of the Sui Dynasty (581-618) was so industrious in learning calligraphy that he filled many jars with worn-out writing brushes, which he buried in a "tomb of brushes".

Renewed interest in brush-writing has been kindled today among the pupils in China, some of whom already show promises as worthy successors to the ancient masters.

Four Treasures of the Study

To produce Chinese characters one will need a brush, paper, ink

stick and ink stone, commonly referred to as the "Four Treasures

of the Study". To learn calligraphy, it is necessary to learn

about these tools.

While brushes are varied, white-goat-hair, black-rabbit-hair and yellow-weasel-hair brushes are the main ones. On the basis of function, brushes are classified into three groups: hard, soft and both. Brush handles are usually made of bamboo, wood, lacquer or porcelain; ivory or jade handles are rare and precious.

The ink stick is a unique pigment used for Chinese traditional painting and calligraphy. The most famous ink stick ishui mo(Anhui ink stick), made of pines that grow on Huangshan Mountain in Anhui Province. Clean water is needed to grind the ink stick, which must be balanced in the hand during the grinding or rubbing process. Press hard and rub lightly, slowly and evenly

against the ink slab until a thick, liquid-ink forms.

Paper was invented by Cai Lun in the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220). While paper comes in many varieties, Xuan paper, produced in the Jing Prefecture of Xuanzhou (today's Anhui Province), is considered the best for Chinese calligraphy. The paper is soft and fine textured, suitable for conveying the artistic expression of both Chinese calligraphy and painting. With a good tensile strength and mothproof quality, the paper can be preserved for a long time.

Ink stones or ink slabs have been classified into three categories:Duan,SheandTao. Features common to all three ink slabs are the stone's hardness and fineness. Although the stone is hard and fine, it is not dry or slippery. Using a hard, smooth stone, liquid ink can be produced easily by rubbing the ink stick against the stone.

By controlling the flexibility of the brush, the concentration of the ink and the absorbency of the paper, the artist can produce an infinite variety of calligraphic styles and forms.

Calligraphy: Leader of All Art Forms

Few nations in the world have calligraphy as a form of art. In China, calligraphy has maintained a close rapport with the country's cultural development.

Calligraphy is an expressive art. According to an old Chinese saying, "the way characters are written is a portrait of the person who writes them." Expressing the abstract beauty of lines and rhythms, calligraphy is a reflection of a person's emotions, moral integrity, character, educational level, accomplishments in self-cultivation, intellectual tastes and approach to life. Chinese characters, which convey ideas, are regarded as the most abstract and sublime art form.

Calligraphy is also a practical fine art. Exotic calligraphic inscriptions written on paper, wooden plaques or stone tablets serve as decorations of a deep artistic value.

Calligraphy manifests the basic characteristics of all Chinese arts. Closely associated with paintings -- the two leaders of Chinese art forms -- calligraphy takes precedence over painting since it greatly inspired the art of painting. Moreover, calligraphy has influenced other typically Chinese art forms like classical poetry, seal-cutting, sculpture, traditional music and dance, architecture and handicrafts.

Calligraphy is a mental exercise that coordinates the mind and body. It is a most relaxing yet highly disciplined exercise for physical and spiritual well-being. Historically, many calligraphic artists lived to a ripe, old age.

An Art of the Orient

Chinese calligraphy is an Oriental art. Like chopsticks, calligraphy was once entirely Chinese, but as Chinese culture spread to Korea, Japan, and Singapore, calligraphy became a unique feature of the Oriental art.

Calligraphy is even wildly accepted by the West; as once Picasso said, "Had I been born Chinese, I would have been a calligrapher, not a painter." Many calligraphic elements are being adopted by modern western art.

书法生日快乐行书_生日快乐书法字体大全

书法生日快乐行书_生日快乐书法字体大全 中国书法是一门非常独特的艺术形式。近年来，行书以其自然美观，轻松实用而饱含艺术气息的特点博得了广大书法爱好者的青睐。下面小编带给大家的是书法生日快乐行书，希望你们喜欢。 书法生日快乐行书欣赏 书法生日快乐行书1 书法生日快乐行书2 书法生日快乐行书3 书法生日快乐行书4 书法生日快乐行书5 四招让你拿下行书 你喜欢行书吗?你知道如何写好行书吗?教你四招，包你管用。 1、工欲善其事，必先利其器。要想写好字，首先就是要有书写平滑的钢笔，目前在文具店里好钢笔很多种，在选择的时候，可以用手指在笔尖处摩擦，不刮手又平滑的都基本适合于钢笔字的练习。当后期进入书法学习期之后，可以买钢笔书法的专用笔，就是那种笔尖处做过处理，写出来的字笔画稍显得粗实一些的钢笔。 2、选择一些好的钢笔字帖。在上世纪80年代初期，曾经流行过一段庞中华的钢笔字帖，也可以拿来一试，还有沈鸿根(江鸟)的，还有顾仲安的，等等，都要以用，选择的时候，以你自己觉得舒服好看为标准。随着时代发展，还有很多人出了书法字帖，到当地书店就

可以买得到，选择一下就可以习练了。练字后期，随着你的审美水平的不断提高，会有好的字帖再次进入你的眼界，再加以练习，字会写得越来越好。 3、读一些毛笔字帖。中国的钢笔书法与中国的毛笔书法有相当深厚的渊源，可以说是中国的钢笔书法是由毛笔书法发展而来的。多读毛笔字帖，可以掌握一些书写规律，提高自身的审美情趣，从而在钢笔书法的练习中事半功倍。找诸如《兰亭序》这要的好字帖反复揣摩，是会有相当大的收获的。 4坚持练习。不管是那种书法字体的练习，都是需要不断的长期练习，才可以掌握到书写规律的，练习是一种持久的功夫，不要一曝十寒，要坚持长时间的不断练习，在经过一段时间的练习之后，要真正的把这些字写出来，拿到手中，与前一段时间自己写的字进行比对，从中找出进步和差距，从而有效地进行查对，更有利于提高。看过书法生日快乐行书的人还看了： 1.书法生日快乐行书 2.庞中华书法字体 3.生日快乐怎么说有创意 4.祝福生日快乐的唯美句子 5.励志生日快乐的诗句

中国书法英文介绍

中国书法英文介绍 Introduction to Chinese Calligraphy Chinese calligraphy [k??l?ɡr?fi] is an Oriental art. But what makes it an art? It is very much like painting. It uses Chinese characters to communicate the spiritual world of the artist. Just as one thousand persons will have as many faces, one thousand persons will have as many differences in handwriting. Through the medium of form, way of handling the brush, presentation, and style, calligraphy as a work of art conveys the moral integrity, character, emotions, esthetic [es'θet?k](审美的) feelings and culture of the artist to readers affecting them by the power of appeal and the joy of beauty. Calligraphy is not only a practical technique for writing Chinese characters, but also a unique Oriental art of expression and a branch of learning or discipline as well. As a branch of learning it is rich in content, including the evolution of writing styles, development and rules of technique, history of calligraphy, calligraphers and their inheritance（继承） in art, and evaluation of calligraphy as a work of art. This branch of learning is wide ranging and deep, forming an important part of Chinese culture. The Chinese Brush Calligraphy is one of the traditional four arts which was once an important critical standard for the Chinese literati [?l?t??rɑti]（学者）in the imperial [?m?p??ri?l] era and now prevails （盛行）not only in China but also worldwide as a unique branch of art. Calligraphy is so abstract and sublime [s??bla?m]（令人赞叹） that in Chinese culture it is universally regarded to be the most revealing（给人启发的） power of a person. While one has conformed to the defined structure of words, the expression can be displayed with great creativity by individuals. To become an artist or expert in calligraphy, one has to practice word by word and stroke by stroke until the spirit of the practice gets into one's mind. The Chinese brush calligraphy can temper a person into a state in which one can apply subconsciousness（下意识） got from the daily practice to control the concentration of ink and the compatibility[k?m?p?t??b?l?ti] （相符合）of font（字体） and size of each piece or word. In contrast to the Western calligraphy, diffusing ink blots and dry brush strokes（笔画） are viewed as a natural and free impromptu [?m?pr?mptju:]（即兴） expression. All the varieties of the operation depend on the mental exercise that coordinates the mind and the body to perform the proper sense to choose the proper way in expressing the content of the passage. Calligraphy is considered as an active way of keeping one fit and health for the practice is either relaxing or self-entertaining. Historically, many calligraphy artists both in China and Japan were well known for their longevity[l?n?d?ev?ti]（长寿）.

中国古代五大书法体简介

中国古代五大书法体简介 篆书 篆书是大篆、小篆的统称。大篆指甲骨文、金文、籀文、六国文字，它们保存着古代象形文字的明显特点。小篆也称“秦篆”，是秦国的通用文字，大篆的简化字体，在汉文字发展史上，它是大篆由隶、楷之间的过渡。 中国先秦伏羲氏时期，就产生了文字。考古学家论证是在龟甲、兽骨上刻画的甲骨文。因其是用以占卜、预测吉凶祸福，故称"卜辞"。但其已具备中国书法艺术的基本要素：用笔、结构、章法等。殷周时期，铸刻在钟鼎彝器上的铭文即金文又称“钟鼎文”广泛流行。秦始皇大统后，统称为“小篆”。由于是官书。小篆只适合于隆重的场合。标准篆书体的体式是排列整齐、行笔圆转、线条匀净而长。呈现出庄严美丽的风格。秦篆有圆笔方笔之别。圆笔以秦刻石为代表。方笔以秦诏版权量为代表。为秦篆之俗体。汉魏之际是秦篆的强弩之末。除用于碑铭篆额和器物款识之外，难得有独立的篆书。唐篆，因李阳冰出而复苏，但秦篆的浑厚宏伟之气已荡然无存。宋代金石之学和元朝的复古书风，使用权篆书得以起微潮，以篆书著称者不乏其人但乏超越之力。明代承元之风，步趋持平。清朝篆书百花斗艳，进入了推唐超秦的大繁荣阶段。篆字在今天的实用性比较小了，因为现在这种字体不易为群众识别，但是由于书体结构充满了装饰性，并有很大的书法艺术价值，所以仍被保留在书法园地里，作为书法家的书写字体形式之一。 隶书 隶书也叫“隶字”、“古书”。是在篆书基础上，为适应书写便捷的需要产生的字体。隶书之名源于东汉，它的出现是中国文字的又一次大改革，使中国的书法艺术进入了一个新的境界，是汉字演变史上的一个转折点，奠定了楷书的基础。隶书结体扁平、工整、精巧。到东汉时，撇、捺等点画美化为向上挑起，轻重顿挫富有变化，具有书法艺术美。风格也趋多样化，极具艺术欣赏的价值。隶书相传为秦末程邈在狱中所整理，去繁就简，“隶人”不是囚犯，而指“胥吏”,即掌管文书的小官吏，所以在古代,隶书被叫做“佐书”。隶书盛行于汉朝，成为主要书体。作为初创的秦隶，留有许多篆意，后不断发展加工。打破周秦以来的书写传统，逐步奠定了楷书的基础。在“罢黜百家，独尊儒术”的思想统一下，是汉代隶书逐步发展定型，成为占统治地位的书体，同时，派生出草书、楷书、行书各书体，为艺术奠定基础。

中国书法字体的种类

中国书法字体的种类 书法在久远的历史发展过程中，形成了独树一帜的民族艺术，具有鲜明的特色和深厚的传统。一般说书法分为篆隶楷行草五种书体。书体是和字体是密切相关的，书体是按字体的形状来创造的。有什么样的字体就有什么样的书体，但是书体是有选择的，是选择美的字体的字形作为书法的载体。有些书法爱好者不懂得这个道理，在书法创作时按照字意去画字，把“山”字画成山的形，把“水”字画成水波的样子，这是违背书法艺术创作规律的。还有的脱离汉字的字形去抽象创作，让欣赏者看不懂，这也是站不住脚。下边我对书体加以介绍： 我们的先祖曾用结绳记事，后来用利器刻划符号，考古学家在大约六千年的陕西省半坡村遗址，发现新石器时代陶片上有符号刻纹，距今五千多年的一些陶器上，刻有像太阳、月亮和山峰的象形符号，或称“图画文字”。这些“文字” 差异很大，经过几千年的积累、规范逐渐走向统一。 （一）篆书：篆字分为大篆、小篆两种。 1.大篆 （1）甲骨文。是最早的文字，是（距今3千年）殷商时期，先民们预测凶吉祸福，记载占卜、祭祀等活动，刻在龟骨、兽骨上的文字。甲骨文在历史上曾经失传过。直到公元1899年才在中药“龙骨”中被学者发现，以后在河南安阳古殷都废墟中陆续大量发掘出来，共有十多万片，在四千六百多个甲骨文单字中，已经辨识了一千七百多个。 （2）钟鼎文。是在青铜器时代的商周，铸刻在青铜器上的铭文，又称为金文，钟代表乐器，鼎代表礼器。周宣王时有位姓籀的太史对当时的文字进行了整理。籀文就是指钟鼎文，是真正的大篆，（3）石鼓文。是战国时代秦国刻石。石鼓共十个，形似鼓状，今藏在北京故宫博物馆。 2.小篆。李斯刻石。 早期文字处在初创阶段，尤其是甲骨文还不规范，一个字有多种写法，字中象形的成份较多，如其中的“马”字。 秦始皇统一文字后，小篆的写法就统一了。小篆字的结构成纵势，布白对称匀称，用笔中锋圆转，线条粗细变化不大，具有遒劲、圆润的美，被称为玉箸篆，象玉质的筷子。 相传在秦朝时篆字就有若干种。有鸟、虫、蛇头篆，这些篆书的起笔处画有鸟、虫、蛇头的形状。书法艺术不是具象的再现客观事物，而是抽象的艺术。因此，这类书体只能在历史上昙花一现，不能成为真正的书法艺术。就篆书的艺术而言钟鼎文、石鼓文结构奇古，融入了先民质朴的美，更受后人所喜爱。周宣王时的《毛公鼎》上共有32行，497字的铭文，是金文作品中的佼佼者。此外，《大盂鼎》、《散氏盘》也是金文中的上乘之作。 （二）隶书 隶书的代表作品主要有：汉《张迁碑》、《礼器碑》、《史晨前后碑》、《乙瑛碑》、《石门颂》等。早在秦以前的竹简上就有隶书的初形，经过长期演化，当汉代发明和运用纸张以后，书写不再受窄长的竹木简的限制，毛笔的性能得到充分的发挥，隶书突破了秦篆单一中锋运笔，笔法很丰富，中锋和侧锋，方笔和圆笔，藏锋和露锋各显神通。笔画具有波、磔之美，最有代表性的是“蚕头”、“燕尾”的笔画，这样的线条标明当时的书家在观念上是要破除整齐划一的单调，求生动活泼的多样。在字的结构

中国书法英文介绍

Good afternoon everyone, Today, our team’s topic is Chinese calligraphy and painting. First of all, let me introduce the first half of the Chinese calligraphy. 开篇视频翻译： Calligraphy is traditionally been regarded in China as the highest form of visual art. 书法，传统上被视为视觉艺术的最高形式。 The four treasures……文房四宝，笔墨纸砚pine soot（松烟） Calligraphy in social dimension……self-cultivation emulation of moral exemplars 书法在社会层面上，孔子：自我修养，效仿道德模范 老子：内心自我认识的表达 直到今天，中国书法依然在中国人生活中保持着强大力量。 Chinese calligraphy, the four ancient Chinese artistic forms are called qin, chess, penmanship, and painting; and penmanship particularly refers to Chinese calligraphy. (中国古代四大艺术“琴棋书画”的“书”特指书法) Chinese calligraphy is a kind of art using a brush to write seal script, official script, regular script, running script, and cursive script, and other various writing styles of Chinese characters.（它是用毛笔书写篆、隶、楷、行、草等各体汉字的艺术） The writing techniques of Chinese calligraphy are highlighted by the manner of using a brush, the way ink is used, the art of composition, and so on. （中国书法在技法上讲究笔法、墨法、章法等） Its harmonious beauty of art is reflected in between the lines. （它艺术的和谐之美体现在字里行间） Chinese calligraphy exhibits（iɡ?zibits）its beauty in different poses, such as the uniqueness （j?'nikn?s）of the official script ―silkworm head and swallow tail(隶书的蚕头燕尾), the regular script requirement to ―stick to the norm and rules(楷书的中规中矩), the characteristic of cursive script ―flying dragon and dancing phoenixes(草书的龙飞凤舞), and the distinctive ―natural grace of the running script(行书的潇洒飘逸).可谓异彩纷呈，千姿百态 Indeed, Chinese calligraphy reflects the personality of Chinese people’s straightforwardness, dignity, and reticence('ret?sns).(中国书法体现了中华民族的豪爽大气、端庄含蓄的特点) Chinese characters were initially meant to be simple pictures use to help people remember things. After a long period of development, it finally became a unique character system that embodies phonetic sound, image, idea, and rhyme(ra?m) at the same time.(汉字是从原始人用以记事的简单图画，经过不断演变发展最终成为一种兼具音、形、意、韵的独特文字) The writing system, which was extremely advanced in ancient times, began with inscriptions on bones and tortoise shells, and these are regarded as the original forms of Chinese characters. (现存中国古代最早成熟的文字是甲骨文，被认为是现代汉字的初形)

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