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初中不定式todo的用法

1.不定式的用法------1.1 不定式作主语

不定式作主语,往往用it作形式主语,真正的主语不定式放至句子的后面。

例如:It's so nice to hear your voice. 听到你的声音真高兴。

It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.不用车的时候,锁车是有必要的。

It's very kind of you to help us. 他帮助我们,他真好。

It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不给他们任何东西,这显得太自私了。

但是,用不定式作主语的句子中还有一个不定式作表语时,不能用It is… to…的句型。另外,这样的句子,不能用动名词作表语。例如:

(对)To teach is to learn.

(错)It is to learn to teach.

(错)To teach is learning.

(错)Teaching is to learn.

典型例题

The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to ___.

A. sit

B. sit on

C. be seat

D. be sat on

答案:B. 如果不定式为不及物动词,其后应有必要的介词。当动词与介词连用时,常位于"形容词+动词不定式"结构的末尾。

1.1.1 不定式做主语 It's for sb/It's of sb to do sth

这样的句子中,由于表语形容词性质的不同,导致了不定式逻辑主语标志用for或of的区别。

1)for sb.句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点,表示客观形式的形容词,如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等:例如:

It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。

2)of sb句型中的形容词一般为表示性格,品德,心智能力,表示主观感情或态度的形容词,如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。例如:

It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我,你真是太好了。

1.2不定式作宾语

有些及物动词用不定式作宾语,结构为动词+不定式。例如:

afford aim agree arrange ask decide

bother care choose demand desire determine

elect endeavor hope fail help learn

long 渴望mean manage offer plan pretend

refuse tend undertake expect hate intend 例如:

The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。

He offered to help me. 他表示愿意帮助我。

2)有些动词除了可以用不定式作宾语,还用不定式作补语,即有动词+宾语+不定式的结构。

例如:

ask choose expect help beg intend

like/love need prefer prepare want wish

例如:

I like to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。

I like you to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢你使每件东西都保持整洁。

I want to speak to Tom. 我想和汤姆谈话。

I want you to speak to Tom. 我想让你和汤姆谈话。

3)有些动词或动词词组可以用动词+疑问词+不定式的结构作宾语。例如:

decide know consider forget learn remember

show,wonder find out tell inquire explain 例如:

Please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。

There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I don't know which to buy.

有这么多的录音机,我都拿不定主意买哪一种。

1.3不定式作表语

不定式可放在be动词后面,形成表语。例如:

My work is to clean the room every day. 我的工作是每天清扫房间。

His dream is to be a doctor. 他的梦想是成为一名医生。

1.4不定式作定语

不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后,往往表示未发生的动作。例如:

I have a lot of work to do. 我有许多事要做。

There was nothing to bring home that morning. 那天早上(他回家时)两手空空。1.5不定式作状语

1)目的状语

常用结构为to do , only to do(仅仅为了), in order to do, so as to do, so(such)…as to…(如此…以便…)。例如:

He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。

I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。

2)作结果状语,可以表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果,不定式要放在句子后面。

I awoke to find my truck gone.我醒来发现箱子不见了。

He searched the room only to find nothing.他搜索了房间,没发现什么。

3)表原因

I'm glad to see you. 见到你很高兴。

She wept to see the sight.她一看到这情形就哭了。 4)表示理由和条件

He must be a fool to say so.

You will do well to speak more carefully.

1.6不定式作补语

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