完整高中 同位语从句详细讲解与练习附答案
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同位语从句讲义
．定义：用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。1 等，关联词多用从属连词。如：fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark2.用法：同位语从句的先行词多为对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick. 你在哪儿听说我不能来？Where did you get the idea that I could not come? 德国已对俄国宣战的消息一大早就传来了。Early in the day came the news that Germany had declared war on Russia. 我不知道他是否来。引导。如：I have no idea whether he'll come or not.注：同位语从句偶尔由从属连词whether , how亦可引导同位语从句。和连接副词连接代词who, which, whatwhere,when, why The question who should do the work requires consideration.谁该干这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。e haven't yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。W It is a question how he did it.那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。? that引导的同位语从句与定语从句之区别1．that引导的同位语从句that引导的定语从句句法功能上that只起连接从句的作用，无意义。在从句中不充当句子成分。不可省。that替代先行词在从句中不仅起连接作用，还充当一个句子成分。如在从句中作动词的宾语时可省略。意义上从句是被修饰名词的内容。从句起限定作用，是定语如：) 李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。同位语从句，that 不可省The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true. ( )他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。定语从句，that在从句中作的宾语，可省The news (that) he told me yesterday is true. ( 可省。如：should+动词原形表示。should2．一些表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后所跟的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气This is our only request that this (should) be settled as soon as possible.这就是
我们唯一的请求：尽快解决这个问题。
同位语从句
是名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句)中的主要从句之一，从句作同位语表示与之同位的名词(短语)的实际内容，它的作用相当于名词，对前面的名词(短语)加以补充说明或进一步解释，相当于一个表语从句，它们之间的关系是同位关系，即主表关系。
详细信息一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。
1. 名词作同位语
Mr Wang, my child's teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday.王先生，我孩子的老师，星期二要来看我们。
2.短语作同位语
I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children.我，作为家里最大的女孩，老得照料家中的其他孩子。
3. 直接引语作同位语
But now the question comes to their minds, “Did she die young because she was a clone?”但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题：“多莉早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗？”
4. 句子作同位语
The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes.巨大的海轮可以开
到五大湖，让表姐妹俩感到吃惊。
同位语从句用法同位语部分是个句子,就是同位语从句,这种用法比较固定
一、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。
I heard the news that our team had won．我听到了我们队获胜的消息。
二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words（消息），possibility等。
I've come from Mr wang with a message that he won't be able to see you this afternoon．我从王先
生那里来，他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。
三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词 that，whether，连接副词 how,when,where 等。（注：if,which 不能引导同位语从句。）
He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。.
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四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。．他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city引导词同
位语从句-，whether，连接代词和连接副词等。同位语从句的引导词，引导同位语从句的词
语通常有连词that
引导同位语从句 1. 连词that（注：引导同位语从句的that不能省略）
你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.
idea的同位语）全错误的。（作)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气】在某些名词(如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等【注意1 There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team. 有一项建议是布朗应该离队。
that通常不省略，但在非正式文体中也可以省去。【注意2】引导同位语从句的连词
他拿起了手提箱，给人的印象是他要He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane.
登上飞往东京的飞机了。if不能引导同位语从句）whether引导同位语从句（注：2. 连词我们是否请专家由家庭医生来The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered
by the family doctor.
定。不能引导同位语从句。【注意】whether 可引导同位语从句，但if
其它引导词引导的同位语从句
引导同位语从句连接代词what, who, whom, whose, which 作定语）1).I have no idea what size shoes she wears.我不知道她穿几号的鞋。（what
which这是个人口味的问题。（2).I have no idea which wine is best—it's a matter of personal taste.
我不知道哪种酒最好，
作定语）
作主语）3).The question who will take his place is still not clear. （who
when, where, how, why连接副词4. 连接副词引导同位语从句到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还We haven't yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.
没有决定。
相关语法同位语从句-一、同位语从句在句中的位置
的后面，用以说明该名词)，message等fact，promise，hope， 1.一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词(如newsidea，所表达的具体内容。我从王先生那边得知一个消息，I've come from Mr Wang with a message that he won't be able to see you this afternoon.
他说他今天下午不能来看你了。语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。 2.有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后，而被别的词语隔开，在她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home.
关上。二、同位语从句前名词的数加以修饰。)同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式，并且往往带有限定词(word除外
？你在哪儿听说我不能来？Where did you get the idea that I could not come的名词后，同位语从建议；命令；要求”order等意为“在suggestion，advice，request，三、同位语从句的语气
的虚拟语气结构，句中的should可以省略。”句中的谓语动词通常用“should +动词原形Our teacher gave us some advice how we(should)use the computer.老师给我们提出了一些如何使用电脑的建议。四、同位语从句的先行词
idea, situation thought, fact, evidence, belief, doubt, fear, hope, 同位语从句的先行词通常是抽象名词，常见的有：
question, theory, news, order, ability等等。皇帝觉得身上并没有穿上新衣，How did the cheats explain the fact that the Emperor didn't feel the new clothes in him?
? 对这个问题骗子是怎样解释的同位语从句的同时兼作其后that动词或短语动词后作宾语，
代词it可用作同位语从句的先行词。这个it常放在某些先行词。
I owe it to you that I am still alive. 幸亏你，我现在还活着。
itthat 后的从句应看作it后的that从句看作是动词或介词的真正宾语。一般认为，这种it有的语法学家把先行词”+be+表语结构。“的同位语，因为它相当于主语你要当You must se to it that the children don't catch cold.(=You must see to it, and It is that the children don't catch cold.)
心，别让孩子们着凉了。
的的语法区别：与语法区别同位语从句-定语从句
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1．意义的不同所修饰名词限制它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号；而定语从句是同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的，的，它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来：
，故的内容就是that he will come We are glad at the news that he will come. 听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。(news
引导的是同位语从句) that的内容的，从句是限制the news We are glad at the news that he told us. 听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。(that
从句为定语从句) 而不是其他的news，故that即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news 等可引导名词性从句，但不引导定语从句。what, how, if, whatever 2. 引导词的不同
3. 引导词的功能上的不同
，要么充当定语从句的主语，要引导同位语从句时，它不充当句子成分，而引导定语从句时，它作为关系代词that 的宾语。that就充当told么充当定语从句的宾语。如上例that he told us中
的被修饰词语的区别 4.
而定语等，同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限，通常有hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth
而它们引通常只修饰表示时间和地点的名词，和where 引导定语从句时，从句所修饰的名词则非常广泛。另外，when 引导定语从句，它通常只修饰名词the reason，而它引导同位语从句时则不一定：导同位语从句时却不一定；又如why ) (同位语从句I have no idea when they will come . 我不知道他们什么时候来。(定语从句）I'll never forget the days when I lived there.. 我永远不会忘记我住在那儿的日子。特殊形式同位语从句- 1.间隔同位语从句
同位语从句不紧跟在名词后，由于句子结构的原因，同位语从句通常是跟在它解释或说明的名词后，但有些情况下，
而被其他的词隔开。 A warm thought suddenly came to me that I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother's birthday
从句太长，为避免句子失去平衡，此处用了间隔同位语从句简析：由于that 。order等名词后的同位语从句用虚拟语气和 2.suggestion,request她请求立即请医生来。She made a request that the doctor(should)be sent for at once.等名词recommendation，proposition和，requirement，command，advicesuggestion简析：，order，request，proposal should一词可省略。后接同位语从句时，从句中的谓语动词要用“(should+)动词原形”的形式，其中短语及固定句式后的同位语从句 3.如果约翰也被邀请的话，我就来。I will come on condition that John is invited.On condition, on supposition, on the ground(s), on the understanding, with the exception, in spite of the fact, on 简析：短语
后的There BE+no doubt(hope,chance,possibility,…)that从句为同位语从句。the assumption及句式雅思例句同位语从句- 1 I have a dream that one day, all roads will be made plain.
2 We hold this truth to be self-evident that all men are created equal.
3 Some people hold the opinion that the Internet is a curse.
4 Museums play a role of education for the simple reason that they provide people with a good opportunityto have a deeper
understanding of their own country's tradition and cultures.
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同位语从句练习题
用适当的连接词填空：
It worried her a bit _____ her hair was turning gray.
2.I have no idea _____ we can do with these waste materials.
3.____the doctor really doubts is____my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.
4.It is hoped____nature will never be destroyed.
5.____do you guess will give a talk on English tomorrow?
6.-- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
-- Is that ____ you had a few days off?
7. Word came____I was wanted at the office.
8.Do you know ____of them will be our new headmaster? 9.The teacher didn't tell me ____we were wrong.
10. It's generally considered unwise to give a child ____he or she wants.
单项选择 B.It was true _____ Alice did surprised her mother.
A. that
B. what
C. that, what
D. what, that 2. Does ____matter much ____he can't come to the meeting.
A. it, if
B. that, if
C. it, whether
D. this, whether
3.--What are you anxious about?
-- ____
A. How can we succeed
B. Whether we can succeed
C. When can we succeed
D. That we can succeed
4.The reason ____the little actress has been such a success is ____she is both clever and hard-working.
A. why, why
B. why, that
C. that, because
D. for, because
5. ____leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
A. Who
B. Whoever
C. Anyone
D. The person 6.I really don't know _____I had this photo taken.
A. where it was that
B. it was that
C. where it was
D. it was why
7.? Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge. I can't remember ____.
A. where
B. there
C. which
D. that
8.--What do you think of China?
--____different life is today from ____it used to be.
A. How, what
B. What, what
C. How, that
D. What, that
9.Give this to ____you think can do the work well.
A. who
B. whom
C. whoever
D. whomever 10.____troubles me is ____I can't learn all these English idioms by heart.
A. That, that
B. What, what
C. That, what
D. What, that
练习二
1.The fact ____ she works hard is well known to us all.
A.that
B.what
C.why
D.which
2.The fact ____ he was successful proves his ability.
A.that
B.what
C.which
D.why
3.The news ____ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly.
A.what
B.that
C.why
D.when
4.His suggestion ____ the meeting be delayed was turned down.
A.which
B.that
C./
D. it
5.I have no idea ____ he will start.
A.when
B.that
C.what
D./
6.I've come from the government with a message ____ the meeting won't be held tomorrow.
A.if
B.that
C.whether
D.which
7.The thought ____ he might fail in the exam worried him.
A.when
B.which
C.what
D.that
8.The order ____ the prisoner be set free arrived too late.
A.which
B.whether
C.that
D.what
9.The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patient's fear ____ he would die of the disease.
A.that
B.as
C.of which
D.which
10.He often asked me the question ____ the work was worth doing.
A.whether
B.where
C.that
D.when
练习一答案A. 1. that 2. what 3. what, whether 4. that 5. who 6. why
7. that 8. which 9. where 10. whatever
B. 1—5 CABBB 6—10 ACACD
练习二答案：1-5 AABBA 6-10 BDCAA
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同位语从句短(、同位语从句)中的主要从句之一，从句作同位语表示与之同位的名词主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句(是名词性从句加以补充说明或进一步解释，相当于一个表语从句，它们之)的实际内容，它的作用相当于名词，对前面的名词(短语语)间的关系是同位关系，即主表关系。就是同位语。同)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词(或其它形式一个名词(或其它形式)详细信息
位语与被它限定的词的格要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。 1. 名词作同位语Mr Wang, my child's teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday.王先生，我孩子的老师，星期二要来看我们。 2.短语作同位语老得照料家中的其他作为家里最大的女孩，I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children.我，孩子。直接引语作同位语3.
但是现在他们不得不思考这样to their minds, “Did she die young because she was a clone?”But
now the question comes
”“多莉早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗？的问题： 4. 句子作同位语巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖，让表姐妹俩The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes.感到吃惊。固定,就是同位语从句,这种用法比较同位语从句用法同位语部分是个句子中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。
一、在复合句．我听到了我们队获胜的消息。I heard the news that our team had won，，suggestion，hope，messagepromise，question，doubt，thought可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有二、news，idea，fact，等。words（消息），possibility我从王先生那里来，他让我告．I've come from Mr wang with a message that he won't be able to see you this afternoon 诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。
不能引if,which 副词how,when,where等。（注：连词that，whether，连接三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有导同位语从句。）He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。
四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。．他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city引导词同位语从句-whether，连接代词和连接副词等。同位语从句的引导词，引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that，
1. 连词that引导同位语从句that不能省略）（注：引导同位语从句的你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.
idea的同位语）全错误的。（作后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等)【注意1】在某些名词( 有一项建议是布朗应该离队。There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team.
通常不省略，但在非正式文体中也可以省去。2】引导同位语从句的连词that【注意他拿起了手提箱，给人的印象是他要He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane.
登上飞往东京的飞机了。（注：if不能引导同位语从句）2. 连词whether引导同位语从句
我们是否请专家由家庭医生来The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor.
定。if不能引导同位语从句。【注意】whether 可引导同位语从句，但其它引导词引导的同位语从句引导同位语从句连接代词what, who, whom, whose, which 作定语）1).I have no idea what size shoes she wears.我不知道她穿几号的鞋。（what
which（—it's a matter of personal taste.我不知道哪种酒最好，这是个人口味的问题。2).I have no idea which wine is best 作定语）作主语）3).The question who will take his place is still not clear. （who 连接副词when, where, how, why4. 连接副词引导同位语从句到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还We haven't yet settled the question w here we are going to spend our summer vacation.
没有决定。
相关语法同位语从句-一、同位语从句在句中的位置
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