2016中考英语学科命题说明

英语

一、指导思想

1、以教育部制定的《义务教育英语课程标准（2011年版）》为依据，在考查基础知识和基本技能的同时，着重考查学生的综合语言运用能力。

2、在保持连续性、稳定性的前提下，进一步推进中考改革，促进初中英语教学改革，促进学生发展。

3、试题所选择的语言素材和创设的语言运用情景与学生的生活实际、生活经验及社会发展实际紧密联系。

4、杜绝繁、偏、旧试题，题量适中，难易适度。

二、考试内容和要求

（一）语言知识

考查学生在一定的语境中运用语法知识、词汇知识、语用知识的能力，考查形式有单项填空，完形填空、单词拼写、综合填空等。

语法知识的考查以《义务教育英语课程标准（2011年版）》语法项目表中的五级要求为准（见附录1）。

词汇考查范围以词汇表（见附录2）所列1600个单词为依据，同时还包括《义务教育课程标准实验教科书英语》教材中所学的常用单词、习惯用语或固定搭配。

（二）语言运用

1、听力

考查学生对所听语言材料的理解以及从所听语言材料中获取信息、并能简单记录有关信息的能力。

2、口语

2015年初中毕业生综合素质评价包括英语口语测试，考查学生用英语进行简单口头表达的能力。

3、阅读

阅读理解能力是初中英语中考的主要考查内容，着重考查学生理解各种题材和体裁的书面材料的能力以及从各种材料中获取信息的能力，不仅考查细节，还重视考查深层理解能力，包括把握所读材料的主旨和要义、根据已知事实作出简单推断、理解作者的观点和态度以及根据语境猜测词义等。考试形式不仅有传统的选择题型，还将设置非选择题型。第四大题阅读理解部分短文数将由3篇增至4篇，分值和题数保持不变。

4、书面表达

着重考查学生以书面形式表达意义的能力。中考书面表达为指导性写作，即要求学生根据所提供的某些信息，按一定的要求写作文或其他形式的材料。提示形式包括中英文写作要点说明或图表提示等。

三、考试方法和试卷结构

（一）考试方法

考试分听力考试和笔试两部分。先进行听力测试，再进行笔试。进行听力考试时，考生在统一时间内在考场收听录音磁带，边听录音边答题。录音带只放一遍，录音结束，听力考试即结束。考试时间为120分钟。

（二）试卷结构

附录1

语法项目表

1．名词

（1）可数名词及其单复数

（2）不可数名词

（3）专有名词

（4）名词所有格

2．代词

（1）人称代词

（2）物主代词

（3）反身代词

（4）指示代词

（5）不定代词（some, any, no）（6）疑问代词

3．数词

（1）基数词

（2）序数词

4．介词和介词短语

5．连词

6．形容词（包括比较级和最高级）7．副词（包括比较级和最高级）8．冠词

9．动词

（1）动词的基本形式

（2）系动词

（3）及物动词和不及物动词

（4）助动词

（5）情态动词

（6）时态

①现在进行时

②一般现在时

③一般过去时

④一般将来时

⑤过去进行时

⑥现在完成时

（7）被动语态

①一般现在时

②一般过去时

③一般将来时

（8）非谓语动词（动词不定式做宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语）

（9）动词短语

10．构词法

（1）前缀、后缀

（2）转化

（3）合成

11. 句子种类

（1）陈述句（肯定式和否定式）

（2）疑问句（一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句）

（3）祈使句

（4）感叹句

12. 简单句的基本句型

（1）主语+系动词+表语

（2）主语+不及物动词

（3）主语+及物动词+宾语

（4）主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语

（5）主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语

（6）there be句型

13. 并列复合句

14. 主从复合句（1）宾语从句（2）状语从句（3）定语从句（能辨认出由that, which, who引导的限定性定语从句，并能理解句子意思。）

附录2

词汇表

A a (an), ability, able, about, above, abroad, absent, accept, accident, according to, achieve, across, act, action, active, activity, actor, actress, add, address, advantage, advertisement, advice, advise, afford, afraid, Africa, African, after, afternoon, again, against, age, ago, agree, agreement, air, airport, alive, all, allow, almost, alone, along, aloud, already, also, although, always, America, American, among, ancient, and, angry, animal, another, answer, ant, any, anybody, anyone, anything, anyway, anywhere, appear, apple, April, area, arm, army, around, arrive, art, article, artist, as, Asia, Asian, ask, asleep, at, attend, attention, August, aunt, Australia, Australian, autumn, avoid, awake, away, awful,

B baby, back, background, bad, bag, ball, balloon, bamboo, banana, bank, baseball, basic, basket, basketball, bathroom, be (am, is, are), beach, bean, bear, beat, beautiful, because, become, bed, bedroom, bee, beef, before, begin, behind, believe, bell, below, beside, best, better, between, big, bike(=bicycle), bill, bird, birth, birthday, biscuit, bit, bitter, black, blackboard, blind, block, blood, blouse, blow, blue, board, boat, body, book, bored, boring, born, borrow, boss, both, bottle, bottom, bowl, box, boy, brain, brave, bread, break, breakfast, breathe, bridge, bright, bring, Britain, British, brother, brown, brush, build, building, burn, bus, business, busy, but, butter, buy, by

C cabbage, cake, calendar, call, camel, camera, camp, can (can’t/cannot), Canada, Canadian, cancel, candle, cancer, candy, cap, capital, captain, car, card, care, careful, careless, carrot, carry, cartoon, cat, catch, cause, CD, CD-ROM, ceiling, celebrate, cent, central, centre ( AmE center), century, certain, certainly, chair, chalk, chance, change, chant, cheap, cheat, check, cheer, cheese, chemistry, chess, chest, chicken, child (pl.children), China, Chinese, chocolate, choice, choose, chopsticks, Christmas, church, cinema, circle, city, clap, class, classmate, classroom, clean, clear, clever, climb, clock, clone, close, clothes, cloud, cloudy, club, coach, coal, coast, coat, coffee, coin, coke, cold, collect, college, colour (AmE color), come, comfortable, common, communicate, communication, community, compare, competition, complete, composition, computer, concert, condition, connect, consider, continue, control, conversation, cook, cookie, cool, copy, corn, corner, correct, cost, cotton, cough, could, count, country, countryside, couple, courage, course, cousin, cover, cow, crayon, crazy, create, cross, cruel, cry, culture, cup, customer, cut, cute

D daily, dance, danger, dangerous, dare, dark, date, daughter, day, dead, deaf, deal, dear, death,

December, decide, decision, deep, degree, delicious, dentist, depend, describe, desk, develop, development, dialogue (AmE dialog), diary, dictionary, die, difference, different, difficult, difficulty, dig, dining, dinner, direct, direction, director, dirty, discover, discovery, discuss, discussion, disease, dismiss, disturb, dish, divide, do, doctor, dog, doll, dollar, door, double, doubt, down, downstairs, dozen, draw, drawer, dream, dress, drink, drive, driver, drop, drug, drum, dry, duck, dumpling, during, duty, DVD

E each, ear, early, earth, earthquake, east, eastern, easy, eat, education, effort, egg, eight, eighteen, eighth, eighty, either, elder, electronic, elephant, eleven, else, email, empty, encourage, end, enemy, energy, engineer, England, English, enjoy, enough, enter, environment, eraser, especially, Europe, European, even, evening, ever, every, everybody, everyday, everyone, everything, everywhere, exactly, exam (=examination), examine, example, excellent, except, excited, exciting, excuse, exercise, expect, expensive, experience, experiment, explain, express, eye

F face, fact, factory, fail, fair, fall, family, famous, fan, fantastic, far, farm, farmer, fast, fat, father (dad), favourite (AmE favorite), fear, February, feed, feel, feeling, festival, fetch, fever, few, field, fifteen, fifth, fifty, fight, fill, film, finally, find, fine, finger, finish, fire, first, fish, fisherman, fit, five, fix, flag, floor, flower, flu, fly, follow, food, foot (pl.feet), football, for, force, foreign, forest, forget, fork, form, forty, forward, four, fourteen, fourth, fox, France, free, freeze, French, fresh, Friday, fridge(=refrigerator), friend, friendly, friendship, frog, from, front, fruit, full, fun, funny, furniture, future

G game, garden, gate, general, gentleman, geography, German, Germany, gesture, get, gift, giraffe, girl, give, glad, glass, glove, glue, go, goat, god, gold, good, goodbye (bye), government, grade, grammar, granddaughter, grandfather (grandpa), grandmother (grandma), grandparent, grandson, grape, grass, great, green, grey, ground, group, grow, guard, guess, guest, guide, guitar, gun

H habit, hair, half, hall, hamburger, hand, handbag, handsome, hang, happen, happy, hard, hardly, harmful, hat, hate, have, he, head, headache, health, healthy, hear, heart, heat, heavy, height, hello, help, helpful, hen, her, here, hero, hers, herself, hi, hide, high, hill, him, himself, his, history, hit, hobby, hold, hole, holiday, home, hometown, homework, honest, hope, horse, hospital, hot, hotdog, hotel, hour, house, housework, how, however, huge, human, humorous, hundred, hungry, hurry, hurt, husband

I I, ice, ice-cream, idea, if, ill, illness, imagine, immediately, important, impossible, improve, in, include, increase, India, Indian, industry, ＊infer,influence, information, ink, inside, instead, instruction, instrument, interest, interesting, international, Internet, interview, into, introduce, introduction, invent,

invention, invite, iron, island, it, its, itself

J jacket, January, Japan, Japanese, jeans, job, join, joke, joy, journey, juice, July, jump, June, just

K keep, key, keyboard, kick, kid, kill, kilo（=kilogram）, kilometer (AmE kilometer), kind, king, kiss, kitchen, kite, knee, knife (pl. knives), knock, know, knowledge,

L lab (=laboratory), lady, lake, land, language, large, last, late, later, laugh, law, lay, lazy, lead, leader, leaf (pl. leaves), learn, least, leave, left, leg, lemon, lend, less, lesson, let, letter, level, library, license, lie, life, lift, light, like, line, lion, list, listen, litter, little, live, lively, local, lock, London, lonely, long, look, lose, lot, loud, love, lovely, low, luck, lucky, lunch

M machine, mad, madam=madame, magazine, magic, mail, main, make, man (pl.men), manage, manager, many, map, March, mark, market, marry, master, match, maths (=mathematics), matter, may, May, maybe, me, meal, mean, meaning, meat, medical, medicine, meet, meeting, member, memory, mend, mention, menu, mess, message, metal, method, metre (AmE meter), middle, might, mile, milk, mind, mine, minute, mirror, Miss, miss, missing, mistake, mix, mobile phone, model, modern, moment, Monday, money, monitor, monkey, month, moon, more, morning, most, mother (mum), mountain, mouse (pl. mice), mouth, move, movie, Mr, Mrs, Ms, much, murder, museum, music, musician, must, my, myself

N name, national, natural, nature, near, nearly, necessary, neck, need, neighbour（AmE neighbor), neither, nervous, never, new, news, newspaper, next, nice, night, nine, nineteen, ninety, ninth, no, nobody, nod, noise, noisy, none, noodle, noon, nor, normal, north, northern, nose, not, note, notebook, nothing, notice, November, now, number, nurse

O object, ocean, o’clock, October, of, off, offer, office, officer, often, oil, OK, old, Olympics, on, once, one, online, only, open, operation, opposite, or, orange, order, other, our, ours, ourselves, out, outside, over, own

P Pacific, package, page, pain, paint, pair, palace, pale, pancake, panda, paper, ＊paragraph, pardon, parent, park, part, party, pass, passage, passenger, passport, past, path, patient, pay, PE (=physical education), peace, pear, pen, pencil, people, percent, perfect, perhaps, period, person, personal, pet, phone (=telephone), photo (=photograph), physics, piano, pick, picnic, picture, pie, piece, pig, pilot, pink, pioneer, pity, place, plan, plane, planet, plant, plastic, plate, play, player, playground, pleasant, please, pleasure, plenty, pocket, poem, point, police, policeman/policewoman, polite, pollute, pollution, pool, poor, popular (pop), population, possible, post, postcard, postman, potato, pound, practice, praise, prepare, present,

president, pretty, prevent, price, pride, primary, print, prison, private, prize, probably, problem, produce, product, programme (AmE program ), progress, project, promise, pronounce, pronunciation, proper, protect, proud, provide, public, pull, punish, pupil, purple, purpose, purse, push, put

Q quarter, queen, question, quick, quiet, quite

R rabbit, race, radio, railway, rain, rainy, raise, rapid, rather, reach, read, ready, real, realize (AmE realize), really, reason, receive, recently, recite, record, red, refuse, regret, relationship, relative, relax, remain, remember, repair, repeat, reply, report, require, research, rest, restaurant, result, retell, return, review, rice, rich, ride, right, riddle, ring, rise, risk, river, road, robot, rock, role, room, rope, rose, round, row, rubbish, rule, ruler, run, rush, Russia, Russian

S sad, safe, safety, sail, salad, sale, salt, same, sand, sandwich, satisfy, Saturday, save, say, scarf, school, schoolbag, science, scientist, scissors, score, screen, sea, search, season, seat, second, secret, secretary, see, seem, seldom, sell, send, sense, sentence, separate, September, serious, serve, service, set, seven, seventeen, seventh, seventy, several, shake, shall, shame, shape, share, she, sheep (pl. sheep), shelf (pl. shelves), shine, ship, shirt, shoe, shop, short, shorts, should, shoulder, shout, show, shower, shut, shy, sick, side, sign, silence, silent, silk, silly, silver, similar, simple, since, sing, single, sir, sister, sit, situation, six, sixteen, sixth, sixty, size, skate, skill, skirt, sky, sleep, sleepy, slow, small, smart, smell, smile, smoke, smooth, snake, snow, snowy, so, social, society, sock, sofa, soft, solve, soldier, solid, some, somebody, someone, something, sometimes, somewhere, son, song, soon, sorry, sound, soup, south, southern, space, spare, speak, speaker, special, speech, speed, spell, spend, spirit, spoon, sport, spread, spring, square, stamp, stand, standard, star, start, state, ＊statement, station, stay, steal, step, stick, still, stomach, stomachache, stone, stop, store, storm, story, straight, strange, stranger, strawberry, street, strict, strong, student, study, stupid, subject, succeed, success, successful, such, sudden, sugar, suggest, suggestion, summer, sun, Sunday, sunny, supermarket, supper, supply, support, suppose, sure, surface, surprise, survey, sweater, sweep, sweet, swim, swimming, symbol

T table, tail, take, talk, tall, tape, task, taste, taxi, tea, teach, teacher, team, technology, telephone, television (=TV), tell, temperature, ten, tennis, tent, tenth, term, terrible, test, text, than, thank, that, the, theatre (AmE theatre), their, theirs, them, themselves, then, there, these, they, thick, thin, thing, think, third, thirsty, thirteen, thirty, this, those, though, thought, thousand, three, through, throw, Thursday, ticket, tidy, tie, tiger, ＊title, time, tiny, tired, to, today, together, toilet, tomato, tomorrow, ton, tongue, tonight, too,

tool, tooth (pl. teeth), toothache, top, total, touch, tour, tourist, toward(s), towel, tower, town, toy, trade, traditional, traffic, train, training, translate, travel, treasure, treat, tree, trip, trouble, trousers, truck, true, trust, truth, try, T-shirt, Tuesday, turn, twelfth, twelve, twentieth, twenty, twice, two

U ugly, UK, umbrella, uncle, under, underground, ＊underline, understand, unit, university, unless, until (till), up, upon, upstairs, us, US, use, used, useful, usual, usually

V vacation, valuable, value, vegetable, very, victory, video, village, violin, visit, visitor, voice, volleyball W wait, wake, walk, wall, wallet, want, war, warm, warn, wash, waste, watch, water, watermelon, way, we, weak, wealth, wear, weather, website, Wednesday, week, weekday, weekend, weigh, weight, welcome, well, west, western, wet, what, whatever, wheel, when, whenever, where, whether, which, while, white, who, whole, whom, whose, why, wide, wife, wild, will, win, wind, window, windy, wing, winner, winter, wise, wish, with, without, woman (pl.women), wonder, wonderful, wood, word, work, worker, world, worry, worse, worst, worth, would, wound, write, writer, wrong

X X-ray

Y yard, year, yellow, yes, yesterday, yet, you, young, your, yours, yourself ( pl. yourselves)

Z zero, zoo

注：（1）带＊号的词不属于课标词汇，只要求理解。

（2）不规则动词见课标（不规则动词表）。

（3）语音项目表见课标（附录 1）

（4）话题和功能分别见课标（附录 4）和（附录 5）。

成功就是先制定一个有价值的目标，然后逐步把它转化成现实的过程。这个过程因为信

念而牢固，因为平衡而持久。

生活才需要目标，生命不需要目标。

就像驴子面前吊着个萝卜就会往前走。正因为有那个目标，你才有劲儿往前走。在做的过程中，你已体验到生命是什么。问题是，没有几个人，能够在没有目标的情况下安详当下。因为没有目标，他都不知道要做什么。

穷人生活的成本，要比富人高多了。

穷人考虑价钱而不考虑价值，最后什么都得不到。

富人考虑价值并且果断决定，于是他获得了最好的机会。

这就是为什么穷人越穷，富人越富的原因。

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