高级英语第二册Paraphrase

Paraphrase

Lesson One

1.We’re elevated 23 feet.

-Our house has been raised by 23 feet in comparison with the past.

2.The place has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever bothered it.

-The house has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever caused any damage to it.

3.We can batten down and ride it out.

-We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage.

4.The generator was doused, and the lights went out.

-Water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producing electricity, so the lights also went out.

5.Everybody out the back door to the cars!

6.The electrical systems had been killed by water.

-The electrical systems in the car had been put out by water.

7.John watched the water lap at the steps, and felt a crushing guilt.

-As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland.

8.Get up through this mess, will You?

-Oh God, please help us to get through this storm safely.

9.She carried on alone for a few bars; then her voice trailed away.

-Grandmother Koshak sang a few words alone and the her voice gradually grew dimmer and stopped.

10.Janis had just one delayed reaction.

-Janis displayed rather late the exhaustion brought about by the nervous tension cause by the hurricane.

Lesson Three

11.And it is an activity only for humans.

-And conversation is an activity which is found only among human beings (animals and birds are not capable of conversation).

12.Conversation is not for making a point.

-Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our ideas or point of view. In a conversation we should not try to establish the force of an idea or argument.

13.In fact, the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to lose.

-In a fact a person who really enjoys and is skilled at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his point of view.

14.Bar friends are not deeply involved in each other’s lives.

-People who meet each other for a drink in the bar of a pub are not intimate friends for they are not deeply absorbed or engrossed in each other’s lives.

15.…it could still go ignorantly on…

-The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong.

16.There are cattle in the fields, but we sit down to beef (boeuf).

-These animals are called cattle when they are alive and feeding in the fields; but when we sit down at the table to eat, we call their meat beef. The words “beef”

comes from the French word “boeuf.”

17.The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier against him by building their

French against his own language.

-The new ruling class by using French instead of English made it difficult for the English to accept or absorb the culture of the rulers.

18. English had come royally into its own.

-The English language received proper recognition and was used by the king once more.

19. The phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by the

lower -classes.

20. The rebellion against cultural dominance is still there.

-There still exists in the working people, as in the early Saxon peasants, a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class.

21. There is always great danger that “word will harden into things for us.”

-There is always a great danger that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to represent.

22. Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips and

slides in conversation.

-Even the most educated and literate people use non-standard, informal, colloquial English rather than standard, formal English in their conversation.

Lesson Four

23. And yet the same revolutionary belief for which our forebears fought is still at

issue around the globe, the belief that the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state but from the hand of God.

-Our ancestors fought a revolutionary war to maintain that all men were created equal and God had given them certain unalienable rights which no state or ruler could take away from them. But today this issue has not yet been decided in many countries around the world.

24. This much we pledge—and more.

-This much we promise to do and we promise to do more.

25. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. Divided,

there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder.

-Bond together we can accomplish a lot of things in the variety of joint ventures.

Divided, we can do nothing because we cannot deal with the strong threat in disagreement and split apart.

26. But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers.

-We will not allow any enemy country to subvert this peaceful revolution which brings hope of progress to all our countries.

27. Our last best hope in an age where the instruments of war have far outpaced the

instruments of peace.

-The United Nations is our last and best hope of survival in an age where the

instruments of war have far surpassed and exceeded the instruments of peace. 28. …to enlarge the area in which its writ may run…

-

29. …before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanity

in planned or accidental self-destruction….

-before the terrible forces of destruction, which science can now release, overwhelm mankind; before this self-destruction, which may be planned or brought about by an accident, takes place.

30. …yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand of

mankind’s fi nal war.

-Yet both groups of nations are trying to change as quickly as possible this uncertain balance of terrible military power which restrains each group from launching mankind’s final war.

31. So let us begin anew, remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign of

weakness,…

-So let us start once again (to discuss and negotiate) and let us remember that being polite is not a sign of weakness.

32. Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors.

-Let both sides try to call forth the wonderful things that science can do for mankind instead of the rightful things it can do. Let both sides try to use science to produce good and beneficial things for man instead of employing it to bring frightful destruction.

33. …each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to its

national loyalty.

-Americans of every generation have been called upon to prove their loyalty to their country (by fighting and dying for their country’s cause).

34. With a good conscience our only sure reword, with history the final judge of our

deeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love, asking His blessing and His help, but knowing that here on earth God’s work must truly be our own.

-With God’s blessing a nd help, let us start leading the country we love. Knowing that on earth we must do what God want us to do. Let history finally judge whether we have done our task well or not but our sure reward will be a good conscience, for we will have worked sincerely and do the best of our ability. Lesson Seven

35. …boy and man, I had been through it often before.

-As a boy and later when I was a grown-up man, I had often traveled through the region.

36. But somehow I had never quite sensed its appalling desolation.

-But somehow in the past I never really perceived how shocking and wretched this whole region was.

37. and here was a scene so dreadfully hideous, so intolerably bleak and forlorn that it

reduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke.

-The scene that we met the eye was terribly ugly and the whole region was so miserable and gloomy that it was unbearable. This dreadful scene (in a region

which produces through its industry the wealth to make American the richest and grandest nation) makes all human endeavors to advance and improve their lot appear as a ghastly, saddening joke.

38. The country itself is not uncomely, despite the grime of the endless mills.

-The country itself is pleasant to look at, despite the sooty dirt spread by the innumerable mills in this region.

39. They have taken as their model a brick set on end.

-The model they followed in building their houses was a brick standing upright.

All the houses they built looked like bricks standing upright.

40. This they have converted into a thing of dingy clapboards, with a narrow,

low-pitched roof.

-These brick-like houses were made of shabby, thin wooden boards and their roofs were narrow and had little slope.

41. When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all

hope or caring.

-When the brick is covered with the black soot of the mills it takes on the color of

a rotten egg.

42. Red brick, even in a steel town, ages with some dignity.

-Red brick, even in a steel town, looks quite respectable with the passing of time.

Even in a steel town, old red bricks still appear pleasing to the eye.

43. I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer.

-I have given Westmoreland the highest award for ugliness after having done a lot of hard work and research and after continuous praying. I came to the conclusion that Westmoreland had the most loathsome towns and villages only after visiting and comparing many places not only in the United States but also in other countries and after constantly praying to God for guidance.

44. They show grotesqueries of ugliness that, in retrospect, become masterpieces of

horror.

-They show such fantastic and bizarre ugliness that, in looking back, they become almost fiendish and wicked. When one looks back at these houses whose ugliness is so fantastic and bizarre one feels they must be the work of the devil himself. 45. It is incredible that mere ignorance should have achieved such masterpieces of

horror.

-It is hard to believe that people people built such horrible houses just because they did not know what beautiful houses were like.

46. On certain levels of the American race, indeed, there seems to be a positive libido

for the ugly, as on other and less Christian levels there is a libido for the beautiful.

-People in certain strata of American society seem definitely to hunger after ugly things; while in other less Christian strata, people seem to long for things beautiful.

47. They meet, in some unfathomable way, its obscure and unintelligible demands.

-These ugly designs, in some way that people cannot understand, satisfy the hidden and unintelligible demands of its type of mind.

48. …they made it perfect in their own sight by putting a completely impossible

penthouse, painted a staring yellow, on top of it.

-They put a penthouse on top of it, painted in a bright, conspicuous yellow color and thought it looked perfect but they only managed to make it absolutely intolerable.

49. Out of the melting pot emerges a race which hates beauty as it hates truth.

-From the intermingling of different nationalities and races in the United States emerges the American race which hates beauty as strongly as it hates truth. Lesson Eight

50. However primitive and simple his method of work may be, by the very fact of

production, he has risen above the animal kingdom; rightly has he been defined as “the animal that produces”.

-To whatever degree primitive and simple his method of work may be, because of the fact itself that man produces, he has developed to a much higher level than all the other animals; so man has been correctly and justifiably defined as the animal that makes and manufactures things.

51. Work is also his liberator from nature, his creator as a social and independent

being.

-Work also sets man free from nature and makes him into a social being independent of nature.

52. Whether we think of the beautiful paintings in the caves of Southern France, the

ornaments on weapons among primitive people, the statues and temples of Greece, the cathedrals of the Middle Ages, the chairs and tables made by skilled craftsmen, or the cultivation of flowers, trees or corn by peasants--all are expressions of the creative transformation of nature by man’s reason and skill.

-Every kind of work (utilitarian and artistic), no matter when it was done or who did it, provides an example of man applying his intelligence and his skill to change nature creatively.

53. There is no split of work and play, or work and culture.

-The worker finds pleasure in his work and through work he also develops his mind. Therefore, pleasure and work go together and so does the cultural development of the worker and his work.

54. Work became the chief factor in a system of “innerworldly asceticism,” an answer

to man’s sense of aloneness and isolation.

-Work became, according to Weber, the chief element in a system that preached an austere and self-denying way of life. Work was the only thing that soothed those who felt alone and isolated because of this ascetic life.

55. Work has become alienated from the working person.

-Work has been separated from the worker and the worker is not interested in it at all. Instead, he feels estranged from it or hostile to it.

56. Work is a means of getting money, not in itself a meaningful human activity.

-Work helps the worker to earn some money; except this it is not an activity with much significance.

57. because a pay check is not enough to base one’s self-respect on.

-because just earning some money is not enough for a worker to establish his

self-respect.

58. …most industrial psychologists are mainly concerned with the manipulation of the

worker’s psyche.

-Most industrial psychologists are mainly trying to manage and control the worker’s mind.

59. It is going to pay off in cold dollars and cents to management,…

-Better relations with the public will yield large profits to management.

60. But this usefulness often serves only as a rationalization for the appeal to complete

passivity and receptivity.

-The fact that many gadgets are indeed useful is often used by advertisers as a mere “high-minded” cover for the real, vulgar appeal to idleness and submissiveness.

61. …he has a feeling of fraudulency about his product and a secret contempt for it.

-The businessman gets the knowledge that the quality of his product doesn’t match what it should be. Conscious of the deception involved, he despises the goods he produces.

Lesson Ten

62. The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the

middle-aged and curious questionings by the young.

-At the very mention of the Twenties, middle-aged people begin to recall it longingly and young people become curious and begin to ask questions about it.

63. The rejection of Victorian gentility was, in any case, inevitable.

-Anyway, it was inevitable for American to discard Victorian gentility which upheld the middle-class respectability and affected refinement characteristic of Victorian England.

64. The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social

structure,…

-The war only helped to speed up the collapse of the Victorian social structure. 65. But at the same time it was tempted, in American at least, to escape its

responsibilities and retreat behind an air of naughty alcoholic sophistication and a pose of Bohemian immorality.

-But at the same time, in America at least, the young people are strongly disposed to escape their responsibilities. They pretend to be worldly-wise and disregard conventional standards of behavior, drinking and breaking the traditional morality naughtily.

66. Prohibition afforded the young the additional opportunity of making their

pleasures illicit,…

-The young people found more pleasure in drinking because Prohibition made it a kind of adventure.

67. …our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.

-Our young men joined the foreign armies to fight in the war.

68. …they “wanted to get into the fun before the whole thing turned belly up”.

-they wanted to take part in the adventure of war before it ended.

69. …they had outgrown towns and families…

-they could not adapt themselves to life in their hometowns and families anymore.

70. …the returning veteran also had to face the sodden, Napoleonic cynicism of

Versailles, the hypocritical do-goodism of Prohibition, and the smug patriotism of the war profiteers.

-the returning veterans also had to face the stupid cynicism shown by the victorious allies in Versailles who acted just like Napoleon once did. They had to face Prohibition through which the lawmakers hypocritically expected to do good to the people. And they also had to face the self-content patriotic air of the war profiteers.

71. Something in the tension-ridden youth of America had to “give”…

-Under this pressure something in the young people, who were already very tense, had to break down.

72. After the war, it was only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds and pens

inflamed against war, Babbittry, and “Puritanical” gentility, should flock to the traditional artistic center…

-After the war, it was only natural the promising young writers whose thoughts and writings extremely opposed war, Babbittry and “Puritanical” gentility, should come in great numbers to live in the Greenwich Village, the traditional artistic center.

73. Each town had its “fast” set which prided itself on its unconventionality,…

-Each town was proud that it had a group of wild unconventional people.

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Lesson 1 词汇(Vocabulary) Bazaar (n.) : (in Oriental countries)a market or street of shops and stalls(东方国家的)市场，集市 ----------------------------------------------------------------- cavern (n．) : a cave，esp．a large cave洞穴，山洞(尤指大洞穴，大山洞) ----------------------------------------------------------------- shadowy (adj.) : dim；indistinct模糊的；朦胧的 ----------------------------------------------------------------- FONT style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: cornflowerblue" color=white>harmonious (adj．) : having musical tones combined to give a pleasing effect；consonant(音调)和谐的，悦耳的／harmoniously adv． ----------------------------------------------------------------- throng (n.) :a great number of people gathered together；crowd人群；群集 ----------------------------------------------------------------- conceivable (adj.) : that can be conceived，imagined 可想象的，想得到的 ----------------------------------------------------------------- din (n.) : a loud，continuous noise喧闹声，嘈杂声 ----------------------------------------------------------------- would-be ( adj．) : intended to be预期成为……的；将要成为……的 ----------------------------------------------------------------- muted (adj.) : (of a sound)made softer than is usual(声音)减弱的 ----------------------------------------------------------------- vaulted ( adj．) : having the form of a vault；arched 穹窿形的；拱形的 ----------------------------------------------------------------- sepulchral(n．) : a cave，esp．a large cave洞穴，山洞(尤指大洞穴，大山洞) ----------------------------------------------------------------- shadowy (adj.) : suggestive of the grave or burial；dismal；gloomy坟墓般的；阴森森的 ----------------------------------------------------------------- guild ( n．) : any association for mutual aid and the promotion of common interests互助会；协会 ----------------------------------------------------------------- trestle (n.) :a frame consising of a horizontal beam fastened to two pairs of spreading legs，used to support planks to form a table，platform，etc．支架；脚手台架；搁凳----------------------------------------------------------------- impinge (v．) : strike，hit，or dash；have an effect 撞击，冲击，冲撞；对……具有影响 ----------------------------------------------------------------- fairyland (n.) : the imaginary land where the fairies live；a lovely enchanting place仙境；奇境 ----------------------------------------------------------------- burnish ( v．) : make or become shiny by rubbing；polish擦亮；磨光；抛光 ----------------------------------------------------------------- brazier ( n.) : a metal pan，bowl，etc．，to hold burning coals or charcoal，as for warming a room or grilling food火盆；火钵 ----------------------------------------------------------------- dim ( v．) :make or grow unclear(使)变暗淡；(使)变模糊 ----------------------------------------------------------------- rhythmic /rhythmical ( adj．) :having rhythm有韵律的；有节奏的／rhythmically adv ----------------------------------------------------------------- bellows ( n.) :(sing．&p1.)a device that produces a stream of air through a narrow tube when its sides are pressed together(used for blowing fires，etc．)(单复同)风箱 ----------------------------------------------------------------- intricate ( adj．) :complex；hard to follow or understand because full of puzzling parts，details，or relationships；full of elaborate detail错综复杂的；精心制作的 ----------------------------------------------------------------- exotic ( adj．) :strange or different in a way that is striking or fascinating奇异的；异常迷人的 ----------------------------------------------------------------- sumptuous ( adj．) :involving great expense；costly lavish豪华的；奢侈的；昂贵的 ----------------------------------------------------------------- maze ( n.) : ----------------------------------------------------------------- ( n.) :a confusing，intricate network of winding pathways 迷津；迷宫；曲径 ----------------------------------------------------------------- honeycomb ( v．) :fill with holes like a honeycomb使成蜂窝状 ----------------------------------------------------------------- mosque ( n.) :a Moslem temple or place of worship清真寺；伊斯兰教堂

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“Hiroshima! Everybody off!” That must be what the man in the Japanese stationmaster's uniform shouted, as the fastest train in the world slipped to a stop in Hiroshima Station. I did not understand what he was saying. First of all, because he was shouting in Japanese. And secondly, because I had a lump in my throat and a lot of sad thoughts on my mind that had little to do with anything a Nippon railways official might say. The very act of stepping on this soil, in breathing this air of Hiroshima, was for me a far greater adventure than any trip or any reportorial assignment I'd previously taken. Was I not at the scene of the crime? The Japanese crowd did not appear to have the same preoccupations that I had. From the sidewalk outside the station, things seemed much the same as in other Japanese cities. Little girls and elderly ladies in kimonos rubbed shoulders with teenagers and women in western dress. Serious looking men spoke to one another as if they were oblivious of the crowds about them, and bobbed up and down re-heatedly in little bows, as they exchanged the ritual formula of gratitude and respect: "Tomo aligato gozayimas." Others were using little red telephones that hung on the facades of grocery stores and tobacco shops. "Hi! Hi!" said the cab driver, whose door popped open at the very sight of a traveler. "Hi", or something that sounds very much like it, means "yes". "Can you take me to City Hall?" He grinned at me in the rear-view mirror and repeated "Hi!" "Hi! ’ We set off at top speed throug h the narrow streets of Hiroshima. The tall buildings of the martyred city flashed by as we lurched from side to side in response to the driver's sharp twists of the wheel. Just as I was beginning to find the ride long, the taxi screeched to a halt, and the driver got out and went over to a policeman to ask the way. As in Tokyo, taxi drivers in Hiroshima often know little of their city, but to avoid loss of face before foreigners, will not admit their ignorance, and will accept any destination without concern for how long it may take them to find it. At last this intermezzo came to an end, and I found myself in front of the gigantic City Hall. The usher bowed deeply and heaved a long, almost musical sigh, when I showed him the invitation which the mayor had sent me in response to my request for an interview. "That is not here, sir," he said in English. "The mayor expects you tonight for dinner with other foreigners or, the restaurant boat. See? This is where it is.” He sketched a little map for me on the back of my invitation. Thanks to his map, I was able to find a taxi driver who could take me straight to the canal

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lesson 1 1. We're 23 feet above sea level. 2. The house has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever caused any damage to it. 3. We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage. 4. Water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producing electricity, so the lights also went out. 5. Everybody go out through the back door and run to the cars. 6. The electrical systems in the car had been put out by water. 7. As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland. 8. Oh God, please help us to get through this storm safely. 9. Grandmother Koshak sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually grew dimmer and stopped. 10. Janis displayed rather late the exhaustion brought about by the nervous tension caused by the hurricane. lesson 2 1. The burying-ground is nothing more than a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth looking like a deserted and abandoned piece of land on which a building was going to be put up. 2. All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies like animals (by not treating the people in the colonies as human beings). 3. They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they die and are buried in graves without a name. 4. Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very old-fashioned lathe, a carpenter quickly gives a round shape to the chair-legs he is making. 5. Immediately from their dark hole-like cells everywhere a great number of Jews rushed out wildly excited. 6. Every one of these poor Jews looked on the cigarette as a piece of luxury which they could not possibly afford. 7. However, a white-skinned European is always quite noticeable. 8. If you take a look at the natural scenery in a tropical region, you see everything but the human beings. 9. No one would think of organizing cheap trips for the tourists to visit the poor slum areas (for these trips would not be interesting)． 10．life is very hard for ninety percent of the people．With hard backbreaking toil they can produce a little food on the poor soil． 11．She took it for granted that as an old woman she was the lowest in the community，that。she was only fit for doing heavy work like an animal． 12 .People with brown skins are almost invisible． 13．The Senegalese soldiers were wearing ready-made khaki uniforms which hid their beautiful well-built bodies． 14．How much longer before they turn their guns around and attack us?。 15．Every white man，the onlookers，the officers on their horses and the white N．C．Os．marching

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