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关于货代企业降低成本的方法和途径-毕业论文

关于货代企业降低成本的方法和途径

摘要

随着世界各国经济贸易往来的日益频繁,货代企业的数量逐年增加,导致了货代企业的竞争激烈,货代企业的成本控制成为竞争中的关键因素,越来越多的货代企业对于物流成本的关心日益浓厚,在货代企业的实践管理中,也把降低成本作为是首要任务,于是货代企业开始向高专业水准、高服务水平发展,以寻求适合自身发展的途径。但是,利润和成本是相矛盾的,在货代企业中,成本占了其中很大一部分,企业想要获得较大的利润空间,必须在可能的范围内最大限度的压缩物流成本。市场竞争的加剧和客户需求的提高,货代企业还应当完成向独立运输经营人的角色转换,为此就必须拓宽服务功能,提升服务档次;在业务操作、员工素质、企业文化等方面按专业化服务的标准规范企业行为,从战略、成本、质量、营销等方面提高企业的管理水平。同时,加强信息化建设,己经是整个物流行业内的共识。现代物流的发展,己进入电子商务物流和供应链管理的时代,要提高效率、扩展业务、降低成本、提高管理水平和提升客户服务水平,信息化己经是一个必须解决的硬指标。发展信息化技术,要跟上行业或专业化发展的脚步,顺应市场的要求。同时,信息化的发展,也给货代行业的发展插上有力翅膀,强力推动整个行业的发展。不重视信息化技术,服务能力受到限制,服务的空间区域难以延伸,行业的发展将会受到束缚,也难以与国际贸易的发展同步而行。而且,近年来,现代企业的管理也不

断的深入发展,货代企业对增进企业经营绩效,降低总费用而产生的明显效果一致赞成。合理、有效地采取各种各样的方法,准确、全面的控制和管理货运成本是非常重要的,在业界,甚至将控制成本成为“第三利润源泉”。从短期来看,这种方法使得货代企业找到了一种解决成本居高不下的方法,带来了客观的利润;从长期看,寻求合理高效的降低货代企业的成本是具有极为重要的现实意义。因此本文通过对货代企业的现状进行研究分析,了解目前货代企业面临的问题,以案例的形式进行具体的研究,分析货代企业需要如何才能降低成本,对货代企业未来的发展有一定的参考价值。

关键词:货代企业成本控制国际贸易

Abstract

With the development of world economy and trade have become increasingly frequent,the number of freight forwarding enterprises increased year by year,led to the freight forwarding enterprise competition,More and more logistics costs for freight forwarding companies increasingly strong interest in the practice of management in freight forwarding companies,but also to reduce costs as a top priority,so freight forwarding companies started to high professional standards and high level of service development in order to seek for their own Development Approach. However,the profit and cost is contradictory,in freight forwarding companies,which accounted for a large part of the cost,companies want to get a larger profit margins,must to the extent possible to maximize the compression logistics costs. Market competition and customer demand improved,freight forwarding companies should also complete an independent transport operators to switch roles,for which it is necessary to expand the service functions,improve service quality in business operations,staff quality,corporate culture,according to specialization service standards standardize enterprise behavior,from a strategic,cost,quality,marketing and other aspects to improve enterprise management level. At the same time,strengthen the information technology,already is the consensus of the entire logistics industry. Development of modern logistics,e-commerce logistics,and has entered the era of supply chain

management,to improve efficiency,expand their business,reduce costs,improve management and enhance customer service levels,information had to be solved is a fixed target. Development of information technology,to keep up with the pace of industry or professional development to meet market requirements. Meanwhile,the development of information technology,but also to plug in the freight forwarding industry strong wings,strongly promote the development of the whole industry. Do not attach importance to information technology and service capabilities are limited,the service area is difficult to extend the spatial development of the industry will be bound,but also difficult to synchronize with the development of international trade and the line. Moreover,in recent years,the modern enterprise management is also constantly developing in depth,freight forwarding companies in enhancing business performance,reduce the total cost to produce the same effect in favor of a clear,rational and effective manner a variety of methods,accurate and comprehensive control and management of freight costs are very important in the industry,and even to control costs as "the third profit source," In the short term,this approach makes the freight forwarding companies to find a solution to the high cost approach,bringing the objective of the profits,in the long term,to seek a reasonable and efficient freight forwarding companies reduce costs is a very important practical significance..freight forwarding enterprise cost control has become a key factor in competition,therefore this paper focuses on the research of freight forwarding enterprise existing problems and

corresponding improvement measures,reduce logistics cost. Reduce the basic way of logistics cost efficiency of distribution logistics management foundation and advanced logistics cost management,can reduce the number of transportation,improve the loading rate and reasonable arrangement with car plan,choose the best means of transportation,thereby reducing distribution costs. We hope that this paper can give,freight forwarding companies to learn.

Key words:Freight forwarding enterprise Cost control International trade

目录

摘要................................................................... I Abstract............................................................... III

一、绪论 (1)

二、货运代理企业的发展概况 (2)

(一)货运代理的概念 (2)

(二)我国货代企业的发展现状 (2)

(三)货代企业的PEST分析 (3)

三、货代企业案例分析-上海华加国际货运代理有限公司 (5)

(一)上海华加国际货运代理有限公司简介 (5)

(二)上海华加国际货运代理有限公司在成本控制上出现的问题 (6)

(三)上海华加国际货运代理有限公司降低成本的方法和途径 (7)

四、我国国际货代业在成本控制上存在的主要问题 (9)

(一)我国国际货代业的成本控制停留在事后阶段 (9)

(二)货代企业的运输成本缺乏市场观 (10)

(三)决策过程中成本观念不强 (10)

(四)货运企业未能及时的收集原始成本数据,监测不够 (10)

五、我国国际货代企业成本控制的对策 (11)

(一)注重货运整体过程的成本控制 (11)

(二)定期对企业员工进行成本控制的教育和培训 (11)

(三)采用现代化的成本管理方法 (11)

(四)加强网络建设,实时统一动态数据,并进行分析 (11)

六、货代企业未来的发展趋势与展望 (12)

结束语 (13)

参考文献 (15)

一、绪论

货运代理行业一直是普通老百姓极少关注的行业,却是对外贸易中极其重要的行业,它是外贸产品流动的关节和脉络。但随着新一轮的航运价格上涨和企业运营成本的上升,国际货代行业的利润下降,企业生存窘迫,纷纷叫苦。运价上涨,海运价格的涨跌是货代企业最关心的事情,2012年海运价格涨多跌少,让货代企业压力大增。“以欧洲线为例,往年一个小柜涨300美元、大柜涨600美元就不错了,但去年一个小柜就涨600美元,大柜涨了1300美元。”凯帆货代(上海)公司宁波分公司副总经理范志强说,去年价格最高时,欧洲线一个大柜达3600-3500美元,目前价格也维持在2300-2600美元。①“去年以来,热门航线如欧洲等累计涨幅已经达到50%左右了。”宁波国际货代协会相关人士介绍。去年11月1日,马士基、东方海外货柜航运有限公司、中海集装箱运输股份有限公司、中远集装箱运输有限公司等多家从事集装箱运输企业都宣布全面涨价。为了降低成本,宁波不少小型货代企业采取了一起办公,有的甚至选择了重组,抱团取暖。国际集装箱堆场仓储分会副秘书长袁锦潮认为,国际货代企业作为船运业的中间商,经营压力大是必然的,当务之急,是需要应对形势变化,做好转型发展、抱团发展。另外,也有企业表示,贷代企业核心竞争力在拼服务,要提供标准化的服务,必须制定服务的标准。“对于中国的国际货代企业来说,应该加快升级,通过服务方式的转变寻找出口。尤其是在国际贸易当中,可以通过供应链的全套服务,寻找新的利润点,实现利润的增加”。浙江九龙国际物流有限公司李锋提出了打造智慧物流生态圈和供应链金融的观点。

货运代理行业起步较晚,历史较短,但是由于国家重视,政策鼓励,规范发展,发展十分迅速。到2002年12月底为止,中国已有国际货运代理企业3775家(包括分公司),从业人员近30万人。其中,国有国际货运代理企业占了近70%,外商投资国际货运代理企业占了近30%。沿海地区国际货运代理企业占了70%,内陆地区国际货运代理企业占了30%。从事国际航空货运代理业务的企业361家,占大约9.6%。这些企业遍布全国各省、自治区、直辖市,分布在30多个部门和领域,国有、集体、外商投资、股份制等多种经济成分并存,已经成为中国对外贸易运输事业的重要力量,对于中国对外贸易①数据来源:我国出口贸易可持续发展面临的问题《经济论坛》

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