山东省青岛市2016年中考英语试题含答案解析(word版)

青岛市二○一六年初中学业水平考试

英语试题

（考试时间：100分钟；满分：90分）

友情提示：Hi，亲爱的同学，欢迎你参加本次考试，祝你答题成功！

本试卷分为第I卷和第II卷两部分，共五道大题。第I卷包含：单项选择和阅读理解，共30个小题；第II卷包含：综合填空A、B、C，阅读表达A、B和书面表达。所有题目均在答题卡上作答，在试题上作答无效。

第I卷（共30分）

I．单项选择从每小题所给的四个选项中选出能够完成或回答这一小题的最佳答案。(共15小题，每小题1分，共15分)

1．David is ______ eight-year-old boy with short black hair.

A. /

B. a

C. an

D. the

【考点】不定冠词（a，an）．

【分析】David是一个黑色短发的八岁男孩．

【解答】答案：C．David是一个__男孩，空格处应用不定冠词a/an，又因为eight[e?t]第一个音素为元音音素，所以用an，故选C

【点评】本题考查冠词的用法，定冠词the是特指，不定冠词a/an是泛指，元音音素前用an，辅音音素前用a

2．Nancy took her temperature and found she had a ______.

A. cough

B. toothache

C. cold

D. fever

【考点】名词的词义辨析．

【分析】-南希量了体温并且发现她发烧了．

【解答】答案：D解析：由题目中看出南希量了体温，很容易知道她是发烧了，以下四个选项中只有D是发烧的意思A．cough咳嗽B．toothache牙疼C．cold感冒D．fever发烧，故选D．

【点评】本题主要是考察对生病的几个单词的理解，根据题目内容，选择合适的词语．3．—______ do you usually share happiness with?

—My parents and my best friend.

A. Who

B. Whose

C. What

D. How

【考点】疑问代词．

【分析】你通常和谁一起分享快乐？--我的父母和我最好的朋友．

【解答】答案：Awho谁，询问人，whose谁的，询问某人的，what什么，询问事物，how怎样，询问方式、程度；根据句子中的答语可知这里询问人，结合词组sharesth．with sb．和某人分享某物，故选：A．

【点评】考查疑问代词，理解句子的意思和疑问代词的含义，根据语境选择正确的答案．4．I like hiking in t he forest because the air is pretty ______.

A. free

B. dirty

C. polluted

D. fresh

【考点】形容词词义辨析．

【分析】我喜欢在森林里远足，因为空气十分新鲜．

【解答】答案：Dfree空闲的；dirty脏的；polluted被污染的；fresh新鲜的，根据“我喜欢在森林里远足”可以推断出原因是“空气好，空气新鲜．”故选：D．

【点评】考查形容词，理解句子的意思，弄清选项中每个形容词的意思，结合语境，选择正确的形容词．

5．Ladies and gentlemen, attention please! I have ______ important to tell you.

A. nothing

B. something

C. everything

D. anything

【考点】不定代词．

【分析】女士们，先生们！请注意！我有重要的事情要告诉你们．

【解答】答案：Bnothing什么也没有，表示否定含义；everything每样东西，一切；something 某物，用于

肯定句中，用于问句中，表示委婉的请求；anything任何事情，用于问句和否定句中，根据句子“Ihave…”这是肯定句，表示某事，用不定代词something，故选：B．

【点评】考查不定代词，根据句子意思及指代内容，结合句式，选择合适的不定代词．6．Tim is going to give his father a surprise ______ Father’s Day.

A. in

B. at

C. on

D. by

【考点】时间介词．

【分析】Tim打算在父亲节给他父亲一个惊喜．

【解答】答案C．介词in表示时间，后常接年，月，季节，一天的某段时间；at表示时间，后接钟点，三餐，年龄，及某些公共节日；by表示时间，到…为止，在…之前；on表示时间，后接星期，日期，具体某一天（早，中晚）及某些公共节日．句子中“Father'sDay”表示节日，短语有“Day”的，用介词on，没有“Day”的，用at，故选：C．

【点评】考查时间介词，理解句子的意思，以及介词后面所接的时间，不同的时间要用不同的介词，在学习时

间介词时要记清楚．

7．Rules are helpful to us, ______ we have to follow them.

A. so

B. but

C. or

D. because

【考点】并列连词．

【分析】规则对我们是有帮助的，因此我们必须遵守规则．

【解答】答案：A；根据语境以及上下文，本题考查的是连词的用法．根据设空处前后句的句意“规则对我们是有帮助的，”和“我们必须遵守规则．”，可知前面一句表达是后面一句的原因，所以用连词so（因此；所以）表示结果；故选A．

【点评】做这种题时，首先要根据语境及上下文确定考察范围--连词；其次根据句意确定连词；再次根据选项

中的连词意思即可确定答案．

8．We have worked so long. Shall we stop ______ a rest?

A. have

B. to having

C. having

D. to have

【考点】不定式．

【分析】我们已经工作了很长时间．我们停下来休息一下好吗？

【解答】答案：D．根据Shall we stop ______ a rest，可知这里考查了stop的用法：stopto do sth，表示停下去做某事，而stop doingsth，表示停止正在做的某事，根据We have worked so long，

可知我们已经工作了很长时间．我们停下来休息一下，所以这里用stopto do sth．故选D．【点评】本题考查了动词不定式的用法．在英文中部分动词后跟todo和doing意思区别较大，这类动词有stop，remember，forget等动词，注意它们表达不同意思的区别．

9．The girl in the classroom ______ be Sarah. She has gone to the library.

A. may

B. must

C. can’t

D. needn’t

【考点】情态动词．

【分析】在教室里的女孩不可能是Sarah．她去图书馆了．

【解答】答案：C．may可能；must一定，必须；can't不可能；needn't不必．根据She has gone to the library，可知她去图书馆了，现在还没回来，所以在教室里的女孩不可能是Sarah．can't 不可能．故选C．

【点评】本题考查了情态动词的用法．解答时注意理解句意以及所给选项的意思并作出正确选择．

10．Our country is taking action to ______ air pollution.

A. cut down

B. cut up

C. cu t out

D. cut off

【考点】动词短语．

【分析】我们的国家正在采取行动减少空气污染．

【解答】答案：A cut up切碎；cut out 裁剪，停止；cut off切断，隔断，断绝；cut down 砍倒，减少，压缩，缩减．根据句子意思“我们的国家正在采取行动减少空气污染．”表示减少用cutdown，故选：A．

【点评】考查动词短语，理解句子的意思，以及选项中每个词组的意思及用法，结合语境选择正确答案．

11．The talent show is ______ the game show. I like both.

A. as boring as

B. not so bored as

C. as interesting as

D. not so interested as

【考点】形容词的比较级和最高级．

【分析】选秀节目和游戏竞赛节目一样有趣，我两者都喜欢．

【解答】答案：C 根据句子中“I like both．我两者都喜欢．”这里both指的“thetalent show 和the game show”，根据“我喜欢选秀节目和游戏竞赛节目．”可知，这里应该用as interestingas 和…一样有趣，as…as中间用形容词或副词的原级，故选：C．

【点评】考查形容词比较等级，理解句子的意思以及比较的对象和范围，正确运用形容词比较等级．

12．______, we saw the sun rise on top of Mount Tai.

A. Lucky

B. Luckily

C. Unlucky

D. Unluckily

【考点】副词的词义辨析．

【分析】幸运地是，在泰山顶上，我们看到了日出．

【解答】答案：B Lucky，幸运的，形容词；Luckily，幸运地，副词；Unlucky，不幸的，形容词；Unluckily不幸地，副词．根据题干we saw the sun rise on top of Mount Tai．在泰山顶上，我们看到了日出．可知是幸运的事情．修饰整个句子作状语，应该用副词．Luckily，幸运地，副词．故选：B．

【点评】本题主要考查副词的辨析．做此类题目主要应该注意副词的词义辨析，以及副词的用法．

13．Children should ______ to be honest from a young age.

A. educate

B. be educated

C. punish

D. be punished

【考点】时态辨析．

【分析】孩子应该从小就接受诚实教育．

【解答】答案：B．根据Children should ____to be honest from a young age，这里的意思是孩子应该从小就接受诚实教育，在这里Children 是aducate的承受者，所以应该用被动语态，这里含有情态动词should，所以本题使用含有情态动词的被动语态，结构是shouldbe+动词的过去分词，在这里是接受教育，所以用动词aducate．故选B．

【点评】本题考查了时态辨析．解答时注意：含有情态动词的被动语态，结构是shouldbe+动词的过去分词．

14．William Shakespeare ______ for 400 years, but his works still have great influence today.

A. died

B. was dying

C. has died

D. has been dead

【考点】时态辨析．

【分析】威廉莎士比亚已经去世了400年，但他的作品今天仍旧有巨大的影响．

【解答】答案为：D．通过句子“威廉莎士比亚已经去世了400年，但他的作品今天仍旧有巨大的影响“的意思和for400 years可知本句是表达这种去世的状态已经持续400年了，所以本题应为现在完成时态，其构成为has/have+过去分词；A 为一般过去时不符，B 过去进行时也不符，die是终止性动词，不能与for/since 短语连用，排除C，所以这里应用be dead表示状态，可以延续，后面可以用for接一段时间的词；主语为单数用has，就变成了has beendead，故答案为D．

【点评】本题考察词义的辨析能力，在熟悉词义的基础上结合语境，从而选出正确答案15．—Excuse me. Could you tell me ______ about the local history and culture?

—Of course. You can check it on this computer.

A. how can I get the information

B. what information did I get

C. where I can get the information

D. that I got the information

【考点】宾语从句．

【分析】--对不起，你能告诉我在哪里可以找到有关当地的历史和文化的信息吗？

--当然可以．你可以在这台电脑上查一下它．

【解答】答案：C．根据Could you tellme，可知本句考查了宾语从句的用法．在宾语从句中所使用的语序应该是陈述句语序，选项AB是疑问句语序，排除掉．再根据on thiscomputer，可知这里表示的是地点，提问地方的话应该用where．故选C．

【点评】此题考查宾语从句．考生在答题时要注意“宾语从句必须采用陈述语序”，根据上下文语境确定合适

的选项．

II．阅读理解阅读下列短文，做出正误判断或选出最佳答案。A篇为判断正(A)误(B)题，B、C 篇为选择题。（共15小题，每小题1分，共15分）

A

Building friendships is a lifelong job but is worth spending time. Also, it’s important to keep in touch with friends.

advi ce

16．Building friendships doesn’t take long. (B)

17．Volunteer activities can help you make some new friends. (A)

18．You should respect your friend’s idea. (A)

19．Offer your friends advice if you are not asked.(B)

20．The passage talks about how to make new friends and keep friends.(A)

【考点】

建立友谊是一个终身的工作，但值得花时间去做．与朋友保持联系也是很重要的．

结交新朋友的建议：

试着去开启新的经历和关系．

加入俱乐部或志愿者组织，这些活动将会给你提供一个与彼此的兴趣爱好相似的人交流的机会．

即使你觉得不舒服，也要继续下去，建立友谊需要时间．

关于保持朋友关系的建议：

作一个好的听众．不要给别人提供任何建议，除非有人问你．

即使你不认同，也要尊重其他人的意见．

你的朋友需要知道他们可以信任你．

【分析】阅读判断题；教育文化类阅读．

【解答】16．F．推理判断题．根据Building friendships is a lifelong job，可知建立友谊是一个终身的工作，所以Building friendships doesn’t take long说法错误．故填F．

17．T．推理判断题．根据Join clubs or volunteer organizations．These activities will give you a chance to communicate with people who share similar interests．可知加入俱乐部或志愿者组织，这些活动将会给你提供一个与彼此的兴趣爱好相似的人交流的机会．这样的话就可能结交一些新朋友，所以Volunteer activities can help you make some new friends说法正确．故填T．18．T．推理判断题．根据Respect （尊重）the other person’s opinion，可知要尊重其他人的意见，即使你不认同．所以You should respect your friend’s idea说法正确．故填T．19．F．推理判断题．根据Don’t offer advice unless you’re asked．可知不要给别人提供任何建议，除非有人问你，所以Offer your friends advice if you are not asked说法错误．故填F．20．T．推理判断题．根据Advice on making new friends和Advice on keeping friends，可知本文介绍了结交新朋友的建议与保持朋友关系的建议，所以The passage talks about how to make new friends and keep friends说法正确．故填T．

【点评】本篇是一篇教育文化类阅读短文．本篇阅读理解比较简单，所给的题目也比较简单，解答时先通读一遍短文，然后带着问题再读一遍短文，从短文中找出相同或相似的句子，然后比较判断解答即可．

B

“I will think of it.”It is easy to say this, but do you know what great

things have come from thinking?

Sir Isaac Newton was sitting in his garden when he saw an apple fall

from a tree. He began to think and tried to find out why the apple fell.

Then he discovered how the sun, moon, and stars are kept in their

places.

A boy named James Watt sat quietly by

the fire, watching the lid of the kettle

move up and down. He wanted to find out why the steam in the

kettle moved the lid. From that time he went on thinking and

thinking. And when he became a man, he improved the steam engine (蒸汽机) so much that it could easily do the work of many horses.

James Ferguson was a poor boy. Once, seeing the inside of a watch, he wondered. “Why should I not make a watch?” But how could he get the materials to make the mainspring (钟表的主发条)? He soon found he could make it with whalebone (鲸骨). He then made a wooden clock which kept good time. His motto (座右铭) was “I will think of it.” And he made his thoughts useful to himself and the world.

Boys and girls, when you have a difficult lesson to learn, don’t lose heart, and don’t ask someone for help before helping yourselves. Think, and by thinking you will learn how to think to some purpose.

21．From the passage, we know that some great things come from ______.

A. listening

B. reading

C. speaking

D. thinking

22．The idea of Isaac Newton’s discovery was from ______.

A. the falling of an apple

B. the cleaning of a garden

C. the falling of a tree

D. the moving of a lid

23．The achievement of James Watt was that he ______.

A. kept thinking

B. found the steam in the kettle

C. improved the steam engine much

D. watched the lid move up and down

24．The right ord er of the following sentences is ______.

①James Ferguson made a wooden clock.

②James Ferguson saw the inside of a watch.

③James Ferguson made the mainspring with whalebone.

A. ③②①

B. ②③①

C. ②①③

D. ③①②

25．What is the main idea of the passage?

A. Learn to ask for help.

B. A difficult lesson to learn.

C. It is easy to say “I will think of it.”

D. Think, and by thinking you will learn how to think to some purpose.

【考点】教育文化类阅读；判断推理；内容归纳．

【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的教育文化类阅读，说明“我将要思考它“说起来容易，真正做起来就能成就很

多伟大的事情，文章举例了牛顿发现万有引力，瓦特发明蒸汽机，詹姆斯用鲸骨制作钟表的主发条，

并且从此把“我要思考它“作为自己的座右铭．最后发出倡导，当我们遇到困难的时候，不要灰心，

在你自己能解决问题之前不要寻求他人的帮助，自己多思考，通过思考你将学会如何去达到一些目

的．

【解答】21．D 细节理解题，根据第一段”It is easy to say this，but do you know what great things have come from thinking？可知，一些伟大的事情来自于思考，所以选D．

22．A 细节理解题，根据文章第二段，牛顿发现万有引力是根据他看到苹果从书上落下来，他开始思考为什么苹果落下来，到发现万有引力．所以选A

23．A 细节理解题，从文章From that time he went on thinking and thinking．And when he became a man，he improved the steam engine （蒸汽机）so much that it could easily do the work of many horses．所以瓦特发明了蒸汽机是来自于不断思考，所以选A．

24．B 内容理解排序题，根据文章第四段的内容，当他看到钟表内部的结构，就在想为什么自己不能制作一个手表呢，不久他先用鲸骨做了一个主发条，然后他作了一个木制的闹钟．所以排列顺序是②③①，故选B．

25．B 考查文章主旨题，根据文章最后一句，Think，and by thinking you will learn how to think to some purpose．可知，文章主要大意就是通过思考，你将会学会怎样达到某个目的．

【点评】阅读理解题通常从细节，文章主旨，推测词组大意几个方面考查学生对文章的理解，做题时注意找到文章出处，做到有理有据．

C

A science fiction flying car looks like a normal car, but it is an aircraft (飞行器)

that anybody can fly directly from any place to another without using roads

or runways. Science fiction writers have written about flying cars for a long

time. But now flying cars will soon fly out of the world of science fiction into

our real world. And the dream of the science fiction writers will soon come

true.

The first-known sky car is the FSC-1. The FSC-1 looks like an expensive sports

car. You can drive the FSC-1 on the road like a normal car. If you touch a button, its wings and propeller (螺旋桨) fold out and then it can take off, fly and land as an airplane. The owners of the FSC-1 can choose if they want to drive or fly.

Another flying car or sky car is the Moller Skycar M400. Although you can’t drive it on the roads, it is s mall and easy to fly and can take off and land like a helicopter (直升飞机). Urban Aeronautics’X-Hawk is another type of sky car. It is expected to be available for about $3 million.

Just like any new technology, flying cars have taken a long time to be developed. But some experts think the technology is far from what people imagine when they are sitting in traffic. It still needs to be improved.

26．______ kinds of flying cars are mentioned in the passage.

A. Two

B. Three

C. Four

D. Five

27．The writer thinks that flying cars will be no longer a dream because ______.

A. science fiction writers’ ideas are stupid

B. they are too expensive to make

C. they will soon be available

D. they are only in science fiction

28．The FSC-1 can ______.

A. change itself into a robot

B. move on water like a ship

C. be flown only like an airplane

D. be driven like a car and flown like an airplane

29．The Moller Skycar is different from the FSC-1 because ______.

A. it can’t fly

B. it can’t be driven like a car

C. it is difficult to land

D. it is much more expensive

30．Some experts think the technology of flying cars is ______.

A. normal

B. traditional

C. not good enough

D. strange

【考点】科普知识类阅读；文中细节．

【分析】科幻小说中的飞行汽车看起来像一个正常的车，但它是一架飞行器，任何人都可以从任何地点直接飞到另一个地点，而不需要使用道路或机场跑道．科幻作家写关于飞行汽车有很长一段时间．但现在飞行汽车即将飞出科幻世界变成我们的真实世界的一部分，科幻作家的梦想即将成真．第一个已知的飞行汽车是FSC-1．FSC-1就像一辆昂贵的跑车，你可以开着它在路上像普通汽车一样．如果你按下一个按钮，它折叠的机翼和螺旋桨就会展开，然后就可以像飞机一样起飞，飞行和降落了．FSC-1的拥有者可以选择开车或开飞机．另一个会飞的汽车是MollerSkycar M400．虽然你不能开车上路，但它很小很方便起飞和降落，就像一架直升飞机那样．UrbanAeronautics’X-Hawk是另一种类型的飞机汽车．预计将价值大约300万美元．就像任何新技术一样，飞行汽车已经有很长的时间被开发．但一些专家认为，这一技术远远不能像人们想象的那样被使用，它仍然需要改进．

【解答】

26．答案A 综合理解题由文中可知本文介绍了两类飞行汽车，一类是既可以在道路使用，又可以在天空当飞机使用的．另一种是不能在道路上使用，但是像直升机一样，方便飞行的，故选A

27．答案C 细节理解题由文中But now flying cars will soon fly out of the world of science fiction into our real world．And the dream of the science fiction writers will soon come true 可知但现在飞行汽车即将飞出科幻世界变成我们的真实世界的一部分，科幻作家的梦想即将成真，故选C 28．答案D 细节理解题由文中You can drive the FSC-1on the road like a normal car．If you touch a button，its wings and propeller （螺旋桨）fold out and then it can take off，fly and land as an airplane 可知你可以开着它在路上像普通汽车一样．如果你按下一个按钮，它折叠的机翼和螺旋桨就会展开，然后就可以像飞机一样起飞，飞行和降落了，故选D

29．答案B 细节理解题由文中Another flying car or sky car is the Moller Skycar M400．Although you can’t drive it on the roads 可知另一个会飞的汽车是MollerSkycar M400，虽然你不能开车上路，可知他不能像汽车一样开到路上，故选B

30．答案C 细节理解题由文中But some experts think the technology is far from what people imagine when they are sitting in traffic．It still needs to be improved 可知但一些专家认为，这一技术远远不能像人们想象的那样被使用，它仍然需要改进，故选C

【点评】本文有一定的难度，理解类型的题不只是从文中直接找出，还要结合自己的思想来解答．所以本文首先需要好好理解，才可解答．

第II卷（共60分）

III．综合填空(共20小题，A每小题2分，B、C每小题1分，共25分)

A. 用所给词的适当形式填空。每词限用一次。（10分）

31．The hotel always provides good service for tourists.

32．Tea was brought to western countries in the 19th century.

33．All of us have passed the exam. How happy we are!

34．Mike will celebrate his grandpa’s birthday next Sunday.

35．Could you please turn down the TV? Your brother is reviewing his lessons.

【考点】选词完成句子．

31、这家宾馆一直为游客提供优质服务．

32、在十九世纪时茶叶被带到西方国家．

33、我们所有人都通过了考试．我们太高兴了！

34、下周日麦克将去给爷爷祝寿．

35、你能把电视声音关小一点吗？你的哥哥（弟弟）正在复习功课．

【分析】选词完成句子．

【解答】答案：

31．provides 根据The hotel always…good service for tourists．“这家宾馆一直给游客…优质服务”可知该空处在句中作谓语，结合句意，及所给词中provide为动词意为“提供”，符合句意，再根据句中always“总是，一直”可知表示经常性，习惯性的动作，故用一般现在时态，句中主语Thehotel为第三人称单数，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，provide的第三人称单数为provides，故答案为：provides

32．wasbrought 根据Tea…to western countries in the 19th century“在十九世纪时茶叶…西方国家．”可知该空处在句中作谓语，结合句意及所给词中bring为动词意为“带来”，符合句意，再根据in the 19th century 可知，这是表示过去的时间状语，故用一般过去时态；又因为主语Tea 是谓语动词bring的承受者，故用被动语态．故谓语动词使用一般过去时态的被动语态，其结构是：was/were+及物动词的过去分词，主语tea为不可数名词是单数，所以助动词用was，bring的过去分词为brought，故答案为wasbrought

33．have passed 根据All of us…the exam．How happy we are!“我们所有人都…考试．我们太高兴了！”可知该空处在句中作谓语，结合句意及所给词中pass为动词意为“通过”，符合句意，结合语境可推知我们高兴是因为我们己经通过了考试，即过去发生的事情与现在情况有联系，故谓语动词用现在完成时，其结构是have/has+过去分词，主语All of us意为“我们所有人”，助动词用have，pass的过去分词为passed，故答案为havepassed

34．will celebrate 根据Mike…his grandpa’s birthday next Sunday．故“下周日麦克将去给爷爷…生日．”可知该空处在句中作谓语，结合句意及所给词中celebrate为动词意为“庆祝”，符合句意，再根据句中的时间状语为next Sunday可知，这是表示将来的时间状语，故用一般将来时态，其结构为will+动词原形，故答案为willcelebrate

35．is reviewing 根据Could you please turn down the TV？Your brother…his lessons．“能把电视关小一点吗？你的哥哥（弟弟）…功课”可知该空处在句中作谓语，结合句意及所给词中review为动词意为“复习”，符合句意，结合语境要求对方把电视声音关小一点，可推知哥哥（弟弟）正在复习功课即表达正在发生的事情，故谓语动词用现在进行时，其结构是is/am/are+动词的现在分词，主语Your brother为单数，故助动词用is，review的现在分词为reviewing，故答案为isreviewing

【点评】此题考查动词填空．做题时要根据句子的需要对动词的形式做出相应的变化，这些变化主要是针对时

态，词汇的惯用法等，做题的时候一定要注意细节，不仅要根据句意选择对动词，更重要的是在此基

础上要做出改变，这才是做题中最关键的一环．

B. 根据句意和所给汉语，完成句子。每空一词。（5分）

36．In the USA, people eat with knives (刀) and forks.

【考点】翻译填空．

【分析】在美国，人们用刀叉吃饭．

【解答】答案：knives．并列连词and意为“和，又”，表示并列关系，常用来连接表示相同成分的单词、短语或者句子．根据空格后面的单词是forks，是复数名词，所有空格处也需要用复数名词来填空．又根据汉语提示“刀”，所以要用knife的复数形式knives来填空．故填knives．

【点评】首先要掌握并列连词and的用法，然后根据句子中的其他部分以及汉语提示，就可以确定正确答案．

37．I left my book at home. May I borrow yours (你的)?

【考点】翻译填空．

【分析】我把书忘在家里了．我可以用一下你的书吗？

【解答】答案：yours．名词性物主代词相当于形容词性物主代词+名词．因为我的书忘在家里，所以需要借用你的书．空格处需要用一个词来填空，其后不跟名词，所以要用名词性物主代词yours来代替yourbook．故填yours．

【点评】首先要掌握名词性物主代词的用法，然后结合具体的语句，选择合适恰当的名词性物主代词来填空．

38．You must look at the traffic lights before you go across (穿过) the road.

【考点】翻译填空．

【分析】在你过马路之前，必须看交通灯．

【解答】答案：across 根据题干You must look at the traffic lights before you go____ （穿过）the road．可知句意为：在你过马路之前，必须看交通灯．through，穿过，介词，强调从人群或物体中间穿过；across，穿过，介词，主要表示从某物的表面“穿过”．根据题干，可知是说过马路，表示从某物的表面“穿过”．应该用across．故填：across．

【点评】主要考查学生“识词、记词和用词”的能力．这类试题体现了“词不离句”的特点，要求学生注意单词在句子中的确切含义与正确形式，而不是孤立地死记硬背单词．本题主要考查across，穿过，介词．

39．It rained heavily(大) on my way home yesterday afternoon.

【考点】翻译填空．

【分析】昨天下午，在我回家的路上，雨下得很大．

【解答】答案：heavily 根据题干It rained （大）on my way home yesterday afternoon．可知句意为：昨天下午，在我回家的路上，雨下得很大．修饰动词rained，应该用副词．heavily，沉重地，大，副词．故填：heavily．

【点评】本题主要考查翻译填空，首先要根据所给句子，看空白处所缺的单词是什么．单词确

定后，再根据人称，时态，短语，句型，语态等，确定单词的适当形式．本题主要考查heavily，沉重地，大，副词．

40．The earlier (越早) kids learn to be independent, the better it is for their future.

【考点】翻译填空．

【分析】孩子们学会独立越早，对他们的未来就越好．

【解答】答案：earlier 根据题干The____ （越早）kids learn to be independent，the better it is for their future．可知句意为：孩子们学会独立越早，对他们的未来就越好．the+比较级+句子，the+比较级+句子．表示：越…，就越…．修饰动词learn，应该用副词．early，早地，副词．比较级earlier．故填：earlier．

【点评】本题主要考查翻译填空，首先要根据所给句子，看空白处所缺的单词是什么．单词确定后，再根据人称，时态，短语，句型，语态等，确定单词的适当形式．本题主要考查the+比较级+句子，the+比较级+句子．

C. 选择恰当的单词填空。每词限用一次。（有两个多余的选项）（10分）

The Great Wall of China is one of the greatest wonders of the world. With a history of more than 2,000 years, some parts of the Great Wall have 41 disappered. It is, however, still a very popular place of interest.

It is the 42 longest wall ever built. It’s from Shanhaiguan on the east coast to Gansu Province in the 43 northwest of China. It is about 8 meters high. The top is 8 meters 44 wide and it gets even wider towards the bottom where it is 15 meters. It is made 45 of stone and brick. The top is hard enough for men on horseback to ride on. The wall was built by hand and it took 46hundreds of years to finish.

No one knows 47 exactly when the building of the Great Wall was started. It is believed that the wall was built to 48 protect parts of the country during the Zhou Dynasty. Emperor Qin Shihuang joined the separate walls built by the Qin, Yan and Zhao Kingdoms. The wall was not only for

protection in the north, it was also a 49symbol of China’s ancient civilization (文明). Today, many of the visitors go to see the wall. 50 When they stand on top of a tower and look down on this wall, they can’t help (禁不住) saying “Wow, that’s fantastic!”

【考点】说明文

【分析】中国的长城是世界上最伟大的奇迹之一．有两千多年的历史，长城的一些部分已经消失．然而，它仍然是一个非常受欢迎的名胜．

这是曾经建造的最长的城墙．它从东海岸的山海关到中国西北的甘肃省．高约8米，顶宽8米，它的底部更宽，有15米．它是用石头和砖砌成的．顶部足够坚硬，男人们在上面能够骑马．墙壁是用手工建造的，花了数百年才能完成．

没有人准确知道长城是什么时候开始建造的．据说长城是在周朝期间建造来保护这个国家的领

土．秦始皇把秦、燕，赵三国建造的独立的城墙连接起来．长城不仅保护北方，它也是一种中国古代文明的象征．

今天，许多游客参观长城，当他们站在一个塔顶上俯视这座墙，他们情不自禁地说：“哇，太壮观了！”

【解答】

41．答案：disappeared 考查动词及时态，根据前面“more than 2000years”说明长城历史悠久，结合后面“It is，however，still a very popular place ofinterest．然而，它仍然是一个非常受欢迎的名胜．”可以推断出长城有些地方已经消失．disappear消失，根据句子中助动词have+过去分词，为现在完成时，表示已经发生某事，对现在造成影响，故填：disappeared．42．答案：longest 考查形容词最高级，句子中everbuilt修饰wall，作后置定语，表示曾建过的…，结合语境“这是曾建造的…的墙．”根据句子“It’s from Shanhaiguan on the east coast to Gansu Province in the…of China可知这里是说长城是最长的墙，所以要用形容词最高级，修饰名词wall，故填：longest．

43．答案：northwest 考查方位词表达．根据句意“它从东海岸的山海关到中国…的甘肃省．”表示在…范围之内in the…ofChina，中间用表示方位的词，northwest西北，符合事实，故填：northwest．

44．答案：wide 考查形容词及语境的理解，根据“Thetop is 8meteres…”表示度量的，后接形容词（long，wide，high），结合后面的语境“它的底部更宽，有15米．”，可以推断出这里指的是宽度，故填：wide．

45．答案：of 考查短语固定搭配，根据句意“它是用石头和砖砌成的．”考查词组be madeof 由…制成，（可以看到产品的原材料，）故填：of．

46．答案：hundreds 考查数词修饰语，根据句意“长城花了…年才能完成．”根据上面提供的单词，可以修饰years，只能用hundredsof数百的，故填：hundreds

47．答案：exactly考查副词及语境的理解，根据句意“没有人…知道长城是什么时候开始建造的．”结合下文的介绍可知长城什么时候开始建造没有确切的时间．句子中“Noone knows…”这里修饰动词know，要用副词形式，exactly确切地，故填：exactly．

48．答案：protect 考查动词及语境的理解，根据句意“据说长城是在周朝期间建造来…这个国家的领土．”句子中“was builtto…”这里to是动词不定式符号，后接动词原形，构成目的状语，结合下文“The wall was not only for protection in thenorth…”可知这里动词用protect 保护，故填：protect．

49．答案：symbol 考查名词及语境的理解，根据句意“长城不仅保护北方地区，它也是一种中国古代文明的…”考查词组a symbolof一种…象征，故填：symbol．

50．答案：When 考查时间状语从句，根据句意“…他们站在一个塔顶上俯视这座墙时，他们情不自禁地说：“哇，太壮观了！””表示当…时候，用when引导时间状语从句，故填：When．【点评】平时多积累词汇是作答该题的前提，其次要结合句意，根据语法要求，运用所给单词的适当形式作答．

IV．阅读表达（共20分）

A

阅读下面短文，按要求完成各项任务。（共8分）

Many people run for exercise. But what will you do if you are not a “born” runner or jogger (慢跑

者)? You may still want a kind of exercise that’s inexpensive and easy to do. Why not try walking?

Walking requires no special equipment (装备). It is a kind

of exercise that almost any normal, healthy person can do.

Walking is good for your health like jogging or running; it

will just take longer. Jogging and running make your heart

work harder than walking. They also put more stress on

your legs and feet than walking does.

The problem with walking is that most people don’t take it seriously. But there’s a big difference between serious walking and the walking that most of us do. Walking, like jogging, should have a steady and continuous motion (稳健而持续的动作).

If you want to get your exercise by walking, you need to have your own walking plan. After all, runners and joggers set goals for themselves. Walkers need goals, too. You also need to set a course to walk. Start by walking about 15-30 minutes a day. Increase your time and distance (距离) slowly. And try increasing your walking speed little by little.

If you prefer to jog or run, follow the same advice. Start off slowly. Spend most of the first few days just walking. Then, start walking and running on the same day. Run or jog a short distance, then walk for a while, then, run, then walk. Follow that pattern for 15-30 minutes a day. Slowly make each run longer and each walk shorter. Later on, you can increase your distance, speed and exerci se time.

任务一将划线短语a “born” runner译为汉语。（1分）

任务二列举两条Jogging和running对身体部位的影响。（2分）

任务三回答问题。What’s the problem with walking? （2分）

任务四选出作者关于步行健身的两种建议，将字母代号填写在答题卡上。（2分）

A. Have a walking plan.

B. Walk fast at the beginning.

C. Start by walking an hour a day.

D. Increase distance and speed little by little.

任务五找出最后一段的主题句。（1分）

【考点】阅读表达；健康环保类阅读．

很多人跑步锻炼．但你会做什么，如果你不是一位“天生的”赛跑者或者慢跑者？你可能还想要一种廉价的和容易做的锻炼．为什么不试着走路呢？

走路不需要什么特别的设备．它是一种几乎任何正常的健康人都可以做的运动．走路如慢跑或跑步一样，对你的健康有好处．它只需要更长的时间．慢跑和跑步使你的心脏工作起来比步行更努力．比起走，它们对你的腿和脚的压力更大．

走路的问题是，大多数人不拿它当回事．但有认真的走和我们大部分人平常的走路，有很大的区别．走，像慢跑一样，应该有一个稳健而持续的动作．

如果你想通过走得到锻炼，你需要有自己的步行计划．毕竟，跑步和慢跑者为自己设定目标．走路者也需要目标．你还需要设置一个走路进程．开始约15-30分钟的一天．慢慢地增加你的时间和距离．一点点地试着提高你的行走速度．

如果你更喜欢慢跑或跑步，遵循相同的建议．从慢开始．前几天花大部分的时间去走．然后，在同一天开始慢走和跑步．跑步或慢跑一段距离，然后走一会儿，然后跑，接着走．按照一天15-30分钟这个模式．慢慢让每次跑的时间更长一些，步行更短一些．以后，你可以增加你的距离、速度和运动时间．

【分析】很多人跑步锻炼．但你会做什么，如果你不是一位“天生的”赛跑者或者慢跑者？你可能还想要一种廉价的和容易做的锻炼．为什么不试着走路呢？

走路不需要什么特别的设备．它是一种几乎任何正常的健康人都可以做的运动．走路如慢跑或跑步一样，对你的健康有好处．它只需要更长的时间．慢跑和跑步使你的心脏工作起来比步行更努力．比起走，它们对你的腿和脚的压力更大．

走路的问题是，大多数人不拿它当回事．但有认真的走和我们大部分人平常的走路，有很大的区别．走，像慢跑一样，应该有一个稳健而持续的动作．

如果你想通过走得到锻炼，你需要有自己的步行计划．毕竟，跑步和慢跑者为自己设定目标．走路者也需要目标．你还需要设置一个走路进程．开始约15-30分钟的一天．慢慢地增加你的时间和距离．一点点地试着提高你的行走速度．

如果你更喜欢慢跑或跑步，遵循相同的建议．从慢开始．前几天花大部分的时间去走．然后，在同一天开始慢走和跑步．跑步或慢跑一段距离，然后走一会儿，然后跑，接着走．按照一天15-30分钟这个模式．慢慢让每次跑的时间更长一些，步行更短一些．以后，你可以增加你的距离、速度和运动时间．

【解答】

51．一位“天生的”赛跑者．词语翻译题a“born”runner．born，天生的，形容词．runner，跑步者，赛跑者，名词．故翻译为：一位“天生的”赛跑者．

52.1）yourheart work hard 2）put much stress on your legs 细节理解题根据文章第二段中Jogging and running make your heart work harder than walking．They also put more stress on your legs and feet than walking does．可知慢跑和跑步使你的心脏工作起来比步行更努力．比起走，它们对你的腿和脚的压力更大．故填：1）yourheart work hard 2）put much stress on your legs．53．The problem withwalking is that most people don’t take it seriously．细节理解题根据文章第三段中The problem with walking is that most people don’t take it seriously．可知走路的问题是，大多数人不拿它当回事．故填：Theproblem with walking is that most people don’t take itseriously．

54.1）A 2）D 细节理解题根据文章第四段中you need to have your own walking plan．Increase your time and distance （距离）slowly．And try increasing your walking speed little by little．可知：你需要有自己的步行计划．慢慢地增加你的时间和距离．一点点地试着提高你的行走速度．故选：1）A 2）D．

55．Ifyou prefer to jog or run，follow the same advice．主旨大意题通读文章最后一段第一句，可知中心句为：If youprefer to jog or run，follow the sameadvice．如果你更喜欢慢跑或跑步，遵循相同的建议．因为下文讲的都是相关建议．故填：If you prefer to jog or run，follow the same advice．

【点评】本题主要考查阅读表达，做此类题目，首先要通读全文，了解大意．然后根据各个小题的具体要求，

再进行解答．

B

阅读下面短文，按要求完成各项任务。（共12分）

I went through some difficult times, dealing with the pressures of gro wing up. I found it hard to communicate with my mother. Relations between us became difficult.

One day, I ran away from home and stayed away for many hours. When I returned home at night, I saw all the pain, anger and disappointment on my mother’s face. ①_____________________. We agreed to have breakfast together the next morning. It was a turning point in both of our lives and our relationship.

We decided to go to a restaurant. On our way to the table I noticed

my mother had two notebooks. I asked her what they were for. She

explained to me that sometimes it was easier to write down our

feelings rather than talk about (A) them. We would write down our

feelings in the form of a letter. It could be as long or as short as we

wanted.

Our first topic was “Why I’m so angry?” I wrote a half page, and my

mom filled up nearly three pages. (B) I watched tears run down her face as she wrote. I never realized anyone could hide so much anger. After we finished writing, we exchanged our notebooks. As soon as I started reading my mother’s words, I began to cry and so did she. When we finished reading, we discussed our feelings. ②_________________. Our talk helped me realize so many things I had never thought of before, not only about my mother but also about other people.

My mother and I continue to use our notebooks as a way of communicating our anger and worries, and our happiness as well. W e know that no matter how we feel about each other, our notebooks are a safe place to express our feelings. We have come to an agreement that at the end of each letter we write, “I love you.”

56.任务一选择最佳句子补全文章，将字母代号填写在答题卡上。其中有一项是多余的。(2分)

A. We knew that we were in great need of a talk.

B. I just wish you would help a little more with the family.

C. Amazingly enough, it felt like all the anger inside me went away from my body.

57.任务二找出(A)处划线代词them 所指代的内容。(1分)

58.任务三将(B)处划线句子I watched tears run down her face as she wrote. 译为汉语。（2分）

59.任务四找出与The minute we read each other’s words, both of us started to cry. 意思相同或相近的句子。（1分）

60.任务五选择文章的最佳标题，将字母代号填写在答题卡上。（1分）

A. I Love You, Mum

B. The Difficult Times in My Life

C. The Notebooks Filled With Love

61.任务六完成句子。第3和第5个空每空不超过10个词，其它每空限填一词。（5分）The relations between my mother and me used to be bad. One morning, we had a talk in a restaurant. After the talk, we wrote down our feelings in the form of a letter.Now we continue to use our notebooks to communicate because they are a safe place to express our feelings.

【考点】任务型阅读；人生感悟类阅读．

【分析】这是一个关于“我”和“我”妈妈的故事．“我”和妈妈相处得不好．我们交流困难．一天“我”离家出走，并且很晚才回家．当“我”晚上回到家的时候，“我”看到她脸上的生气和失望．我们认为我们需要好好谈一谈，于是约定第二天一起吃早餐．这是我们之间的关系的一个转机．我们去了一家餐馆．她带了两本笔记本，“我”问她原因，她告诉我--有时写下彼此的感受比说出来更容易．在餐馆里，我们各自在笔记本上以信的格式写下彼此的心情．我们的第一个题目是“为什么我会这么生气？”当她写的时候，“我”发现她有泪淌下．我们彼此交换信件，结果我们都哭了．“我”从未想过她心里有这么多感受．现在我们仍以这种方式记录快乐和悲伤，在信的结尾写上“Ilove you．（我爱你）”已经是一种默契．

【解答】

56．答案：补充句子题．①A 本题需要从三个选项中正确选择．前一句前讲述我离家出走，很晚才回家，我看到她脸上的生气和失望．后一句讲述我们同意一起吃早餐，以及后文都讲到我和我妈妈的交谈，可见，①处为A，意为“需要好好谈一谈”；②C 可用排除法，A答案显然已不是，B答案与原文无关，没有谈及“我希望能够为家人做更多”，因此答案为C，意为“很神奇，愤怒远离了我的身体”．

57．答案：feelings 词义猜测题．前面说到write down ourfeelings，联系句意“对我们来说，写下感受比说出感受更容易”，可以推知them为feelings．

58．答案：我看到她在写感受时泪水从她脸上流下．英译汉题．这里有重点短语watch sb dosth （看见某人做某事），强调事实或结果，重点句型as引导的时间状语从句，as引导的时间状语从句表示伴随，两个动作同时发生和变化，这里指“边写边哭”，理解这两点，翻译起来就能够基本正确．

59．Assoon as I started reading my mother’s words，I began to cry and so didshe．同义句转化题．The minute we read each other’s words，both of us started to cry．本句句意为“我们互相朗读各自写的文字的时候，我们都哭了”，与之相似的句子只有Assoon as I started reading my mother’s words，I began to cry and so didshe．我一开始读妈妈的

话，我就哭了，她也哭了

60．C 主旨大意题．结合全文，可以总结出文章大意，说明通过写信的方式，增进了我和我妈妈的感情．故答案为C．

61．bad；restaurant；wrote down ourfeelings in the form of a letter；notebooks；they are a safe place to express ourfeelings．短文填空题．

第一空bad，从I found it hard to communicate with my mother．Relations between us became difficult．可知我和我妈妈的关系是“不好的”，因此此处可以为形容词bad．

第二空restaurant，从文中We decided to go to a restaurant可以找到谈话的地点为restaurant．第三空wrotedown our feelings in the form of aletter，从文中We would write down our feelings in the form of a letter．可以得知答案．

第四空notebooks，从最后一段第一句My mother and I continue to use our notebooks．可以得

知答案为notebooks．

第五空theyare a safe place to express ourfeelings，从We know that no matter how we feel about each other，our notebooks are a safe place to express our feelings．可以得知答案．

【点评】

任务型阅读对考生的能力要求较高，考生需通读全文，把握主旨大意，理清文章结构，再浏览题目，正确作答．

V．书面表达（共15分）

62．初中生活即将结束，丰富多彩的学校活动一定给你留下了许多美好的回忆。根据图表提示，选择一次你最喜欢的活动进行描述。

内容包括：1．此次活动的过程；

2．你的收获或感受。

要求：1．词数：80-100。开头已给出，不计入总词数。

2．文中不得出现真实的校名和人名。

My junior school life is coming to an end. I had a lot of sweet memories.

【考点】图表作文．

【分析】这是一篇图表作文．内容是根据图表提示，选择一次你最喜欢的活动进行描述并谈谈自己的感受．时态主要为一般过去时．人称主要为第一、三人称．

写作思路：考生需要首先审清主题，围绕主题展开作文．

其次考生可从以下几个方面展开作文，即本文的写作要点：

1）最喜欢的活动是什么

2）此次活动的过程；

3）你的收获或感受．

常用到的重点短语：

sharewith sb…与某人分享…

concentrate on sth 专注于…

encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事

cheer up 使兴奋

with the help of sb 在某人的帮助下

make efforts 努力

forthe first time第一次

【高分句型】

1．①When thinking of losing of the center，we wereall down and couldn’t ②concentrate on the next match．

①When thinking oflosing of the center是when we are thinking of losing of thecenter的缩写．作为时间状语．

②concentrate on sth 专注于…

2．①Seeing our captainswaving his injured finger，we ②made our biggest efforts in the followinggames．

①现在分词作为伴随状语．

②make efforts 努力

3．I would never forget it ①becauseI understood the importance of teamwork②for the firsttime．

①because引导的原因状语从句．

②for the first time第一次

【解答】

My junior school life is coming to an end．I hada lot of sweet memories．Of them，I’d like to share with you my favorite storyabout a basketball game．（最喜欢的活动篮球比赛）Our team got a good start by beating twostrong teams．However，our captain hurt his finger during the third game．He is thebrain of our team．When thinking of losing of the center，we were all down andcouldn’t concentrate on the next match．【高分句型】Our captain found this andencouraged us to fight on and cheered us up．With the help of our captain，weplayed as well as the first two games．Seeing our captains waving his injuredfinger，we made our biggest efforts in the following games．【高分句型】With the cheersof our students，we won the champion．During the celebrations，we threw our captaininto the air（活动的过程）．I would never forget it because I understood the importanceof teamwork for the first time．【高分句型】（我的感受）

【点评】图表类作文写作之前考生首先要认真审题，确定文章的中心．表格内容要全部包括在作文中，词数要符合要求．句式表达要正确，注意句子的主谓宾、主系表等结构．文章结构要清晰．考生在平时的英语学习中需牢记一些固定句式及短语，写作时就可以适当引用，使文章的表达更有逻辑性，更富有条理，也可为文章增色不少．

2014年北京中考英语试题

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