大学体验英语4答案(第三版)
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Lead-in: 1. hold 2. supposed 3. absent-minded 4. dependable 5. responsible 6. boring 7. engineers are assumed to have a good profession8. as people don’t know the importance of engineers in society
2: 1. What's the main idea of this passage? Answer: Working fathers have received little media attention in the US and they have been given little cultural recognition, which is a kind of prejudice against those working dads. 2. What's the author ' s attitude toward working dads? Answer: She thinks that working fathers are unsung heroes. They deserve our recognition and our thanks for what they do. 3. What evidence does the author use to illustrate that the importance of fathers is being diminished by American media? Answer: 1) The absence of the father in the movie Toy Story. 2) A lot of media stories about the struggles of working mothers. 3) The negative image of fathers in the media (abusive husbands or deadbeat dads). 4) At-home dads are praised by the media. 5) Our society acts as if career satisfaction is above everything else for a man. 6) At-home wives are regarded as “status symbols” by American media. 4. Do you agree with the author in saying that“the absence of fathers from households causes serious problems for children and, consequently, for society at large?” Can you list some of the problems? Answer: open 5. What's the author's purpose in writing this article? Answer: To appeal to society to recognize the value of working fathers.
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4: Answer: 1. media 2. images 3. abusive 4. fulfilling 5. recognition 6. status 7. stresses 8. aware 9. Deserve
5: Answer: 1. obligation 2. applauded 3. fulfilled 4. mirror 5. flexibility 6. devalue7. striving8. entailed9. supposedly10. Consequently
6: Answer: 1. referred to as 2. at best 3. by the same token 4. at large 5. held up ... as
7: Answer: 1. suffer stress 2. support a family 3. take on a burden / responsibility 4. fullfill responsibility / a commitment 5. deserve support / recognition / attention / appreciation
6. afford luxury
7. merit attention / recognition / appreciation
8. make a commitment
9. give recognition / support 10 . show appreciation / recognition
8: 1. 随着职务的提升，他担负的责任也更大了。(take on) Answer: With his promotion, he has taken on greater responsibilities. 2. 他感到没有必要再一次对约翰承担这样的责任了。(make a commitment) Answer: He felt he did not have to make such a commitment to John any more. 3. 闲暇时玛丽喜欢外出购物，与她相反，露茜却喜欢待在家里看书。(as opposed to) Answer: Mary likes to go shopping in her spare time, as opposed to Lucy, who prefers to stay at home reading. 4. 说得好听一些，可以说他有抱负，用最糟糕的话来说，他是一个没有良心(conscience) 且没有资格的权力追求者。(at best, at worst) Answer: At best he 's ambitious, and at worst a power-seeker without conscience or qualifications. 5. 我们已尽全力想说服他，但是却毫无进展。(strive, make no headway) Answer: We have striven to the full to convince him, but we have made no headway.
11: Men Are Different from Women in Many Ways Traditionally, men and women were seen as opposite poles of a magnet. Men were strong, women were weak; men were the breadwinners, women were the homemakers; men were rational, women were emotional. In accordance with these beliefs, men fi lled the leadership positions in society, as well as the majority of positions that required courage, clear-thinking and intellect. Women took on the nurturing, caring or supportive jobs such as nurse, teacher, assistant. However, modern society has greatly challenged these perceived differences between men and women. These days gender roles are becoming less clear. Women are moving into the male-dominated occupations and proving that they can be equally successful in these fields. Moreover, some men are taking on the homemaker role and finding that it suits them. In some cultures, for example the Naxi culture of southwestern China, women have always been the head of the household and responsible for both work and finance. So, are men and women really all that different? From the changing perspectives toward this question, it would seem that socialization plays a large role in defining masculinity and femininity in any given time period and in any given culture. In other words, perhaps men and women are not that different after all.
13: Answer: 1. redefined 2. sphere 3. accomplishment 4. opposite 5. playmates 6. emotionally7. equality8. initiative9. status10. Change
14: Answer: 1. equality 2. sustained 3. clue 4. expansiveness 5. sacked 6. defined7. sphere8. sour9. depressing10. Division
15: Answer: 1. in the way 2. falling apart 3. have ruled out 4. at this rate 5. took up
16: Answer: Synonyms Antonyms 1. intellectual; intelligent; bright 1. active; passive 2. feeling; emotion 2. public; private 3. feed; nurture 3. physical; emotional 4. sack; fire; dump 4. expansive; narrow 5. secretly; quietly 5. traditional; modern 6. sick; ill 6. failure; success 7. weak; strong 17: Answer: 越来越多的证据显示男人和女人的想法不同，这似乎适用于偏见这种令人遗憾的情况。密歇根州立大学进化心理学家新的研究显示，男人的偏见倾向于与侵略行为有关，而女人的偏见则倾向于与恐惧有关。这些研究者提出了一种“男人皆武士的假设”，以便解释群体冲突的历史是如何以独特的方式塑造男人和女人的心理世界的。本质上，男人更有可能发动战争，以保卫他们的群体，有时他们会以一种非常冒险的和自我牺牲的方式来这样做。攻击其他群体意味着有机会补偿这些损失，并且可以有机会得到配偶、领土、资源和地位的提升。与此同时，女人生活在外来侵略者性胁迫的威胁下，对自己的同伙往往容易表现出“照顾和结友”的反应，而保持一种对陌生人的恐惧以保护她们自己和后代。
18: Answer: 1, 2, 4 and 5 are generalizations. To evaluate their worth or accuracy, we may need some concrete figures or facts obtained through scientifi c analysis or survey which support the generalizations.
19: 1. The sales of computers have multiplied six times since 1988. Answer: 1988年以来，计算机的销售量增加了五倍。 2. The number of the students enrolled in evening classes has increased more than twofold. Answer: 注册晚间上课的学生人数增加了一倍多。 3. The population of this small town has increased by a factor of four. Answer: 这个小城镇的人口增长了三倍 4. The price of mobile phones was reduced by 70%. Answer: 移动电话的价格降低了70%。 5. If you treble the distance between two objects, their gravitational attraction becomes nine times weaker. Answer: 假如你使两个物体之间的距离增大到三倍，那么它们之间的万有引力就会减小到九分之一。 6. By using an automated assembly line, the assembling time will be reduced five times. Answer: 这条自动装配线使装配时间减少了五分之四。7. The cost of the new product is only about 25% as much as that of the old one. Answer: 新产品的成本是老产品的25%。
8. The machine improves the working conditions and raises efficiency fourfold. Answer: 这台机器改善了劳动条件，使功效提高了三倍。（功效是原来的四倍）
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Lead-in:Answers:1. Born in 1564, died in 1616. He was not born in Tokyo, but in Stratford-on-Avon. 2. His first play was Henry VI (1590), and his first comedy was The Comedy of Errors (1593). Shakespeare was a famous playwright, but not a full-time playwright. 3. The car was not invented then. 4. He didn’t travel in Europe. He was not a contemporary of Charles Dickens or William Church.
2: Answer: 1.F, 2.F, 3.F, 4.T, 5.F
3: 1. According to the writer, what is the big difference between a natural man and a cultured man in terms of love and affection? And why? Answer: A natural man loves his children, but a cultivated man loves his parents. Because the love for the young is natural paternal affection shared by all animals, while the love for the elderly is taught by culture. 2. Why might a Chinese feel deeply regretted if he could not be present when his parents died? Answer: Because he would lose forever the opportunity of caring for his parents, which is believed to be an obligation taken by a cultivated man. 3.What does the writer think of the fact that elderly parents in America are not served by their children? Answer: The writer thinks it is unreasonable, because it is the right elderly parents deserve for they have done so much for their children and it is also the obligation the young should assume for they have received so much care from their parents.
4.There were popular sayings in Chinese culture that “While your parents are alive, do not journey afar,” and “Seeing parents to bed every night and greeting them every morning.” What do you think of these traditional teachings of filial piety? Answer: Open.
5.A more Western approach to nursing care of the aged is popping up in China — many elderly people move to the retirement or nursing homes. Do you think such facilities will replace the traditional family caregiving for elderly parents in China? Why? Answer: Open.
4: Answer: 1. affection 2. passion 3. cultured 4. young 5. active 6. compliment 7. health 8. moral 9. ashamed 10. Obligation
5: Answer: 1. trace 2. mutual 3. arrangement 4. eternally 5. substitutes 6. ultimate 7. attach 8. constantly 9. resemble 10. Commit
6: Answer: 1. to take for granted 2. in need of 3. In the end 4. be dependent on 5. grew out of 6. based upon
7: Answer: 1. serve parents 2. commit a sin 3. offer an excuse 4. express regret 5. picture a man 6. enjoy health 7. question wisdom 8. pay a compliment
8: 1. 宪法规定公民享有言论自由。(provide for) Answer: The Constitution provides for citizen’s freedom of speech. 2. 我们在如何养育孩子的问题上有截然不同的看法，因此常发生争吵。(grow out of; bring up) Answer: Our constant quarrels grew out of the diverse ideas on how to bring up children. 3. 我们早在会阅读之前就已经掌握了一些词汇。(long before) Answer: We have learned some words long before we can read. 4. 很多中国家长认为孩子越早上学越好。(the more ... the more) Answer: Many Chinese parents think that the earlier children go to school, the better. 5. 新税法不是要惩罚富人，而是要给穷人以公平和机会。(rather) Answer: The new tax law is not to punish the rich. Rather it is to bring justice and opportunity to the poor.
10: Mike: I get so nostalgic when I walk through these old buildings. Zhang: But these old buildings are so old. I prefer to be modern and keep up with the times. Mike: People can be modern and still appreciate the past. Zhang: Look how much time, effort, and money goes into restoring an old building, preserving a national park, or teaching students antiquated methods of fine arts. Mike: It’s important to understand the historical value of old things. Our society has changed, and with it, many of the products of the former society have died with the changes. Often, all that is left of our forefathers’ society are these buildings, and the former architecture,culture, and natural wonders. We can learn from these things. Zhang: I just don’t like tradition. I’d rather keep pace with technology and let those things from the past die with technological advance. You know what they say: “Out with the old, in with the new!” Mike: Why can’t we work to keep technological progress but, at the same time, preserve the heritage that our forefathers worked so hard to build? It’s possible. Zhang:Yeah, maybe you’re right. If we don’t preserve our heritage, then the next generation won’t preserve our achievement, either. I guess we can study our own history by protecting some things that are old by our standards. Mike: We don’t have to sacrifice modern technology to do that. Zhang:Yeah, you’re right, again. Do you want to go to a museum this weekend?
11: Importance of Culture in Business Culture plays an important role in business. In different cultures there are different ideas about when meetings should be scheduled, how much notice should be given, where people should be seated and how the negotiations should proceed. During the negotiations there are also vast cultural differences in what is considered appropriate language, communication style and body language. For example, some cultures value eye contact, others do not. Some cultures use “yes” as an acknowledgement of what the person has said, oth ers use “yes” only for agreement. Social conventions of greeting, dressing, eating and entertaining also vary considerably amongst cultures and these are important to learn since a lot of business takes place while having dinner or enjoying drinks together. If a businessman attempts a cross-cultural business partnership without an adequate awareness of his associate’s culture, he is likely to encounter misunderstanding and may even cause offence. This will damage and may even end the business relationship. Therefore, cultural differences must be carefully
handled when a business man is doing business with people from different countries.
13: 1. Why did the author visit Russia? Answer: To provide some technical assistance in the area of agricultural labor management. 2. Why did Yielena not decline his offer? Answer: She did not want to make their guest feel embarrassed. 3. How can we get to understand other cultures according to the author? Answer: By reading and listening to what culture experts say, above all, by observing and comparing. 4. What do the cultural differences listed in the passage suggest? Answer: These cultural differences do exist but they are incomplete and superficial.
14: Answer: 1. embarrassed 2. tutor 3. potential 4. hence 5. yield 6. affection 7. appropriate 8. presentation 9. romantic 10. Recommendation
15: Answer: 1. in terms of 2. participating in 3. get down to 4. base ... on 5. acts on
16: Answer: 1. courtesy 2. gentleman 3. embarrass 4. education 5. personality 6. behavior 7. affection 8. satisfy 9. Appropriate
17: Answer:在西方，老人将自己隐于子女的生活之外，他们宁愿住在有烹饪室的旅馆。出于大公无私的愿望，老人不愿拖累子女，不愿去干涉子女的家庭生活。其实他们有干涉的权利，这种干涉即使会使子女不快，但确属十分自然。因为一切生活，尤其是家庭生活，本是一门学习克制的课程。父母曾为我们付出极大的辛劳，如果我们在他们晚年时尚不能容忍他们，那我们在家庭中还能容忍谁呢？骨肉的情爱侍奉，岂是旅馆侍从，哪怕是最佳侍从，所能替代的？
18:Answer: 1. opinion (strange) 2. fact 3. opinion ( share a number of unusual characteristics) 4. fact 5. fact 6. opinion (escape from freedom)
19: 1. Petroleum, natural gas and coal come from plants that lived 330 million years ago. Answer: 石油、天然气和煤都是由3亿3千万年以前的植物形成的。 2. Although there exist only about 90 elements in nature, they combine to form thousands of different substances in the world. Answer: 虽然自然界只有大约90种元素，但它们的结合可构成世界上千千万万种不同的物质。 3. Nobel’s original legacy of nine million dollars was invested, and the interest on this sum is used today for the awards which vary from $30 000 to $ 125 000. Answer: 诺贝尔提供的遗产原数为900万美元，这些钱投资后所得利息用作奖金，奖金的数额从3万美元到12.5万美元不等。4. Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Answer: 87年前，我们的先辈们在这个大陆上创立了一个新的国家，它孕于自由之中，奉行一切人生来平等的原则。 5. In practice, a rotor weighing about 10 tons and rotating at 3 000 r.p.m. may be so well balanced that the motion, except for sound, is just perceptible. Answer: 实际上，一根重约10吨、每分钟3千转的转子可以平衡得非常好，以至于除了响声外，人们几乎觉察不出它的运转。
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Lead-in: Answer: 1. exclusive 2. fixed 3. authorize 4. distributor 5. raised 6. downloading7. products 8. ordered it to pay $25 000 9. An exact number of CDs and total damages will be determined at a November hearing 10. We believe that everyone should have the right to listen to the music they purchase
2: Answer: 1. G 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. F 6. E7. A8. C9. G
3: 1. Why was Mr. Hill involved in a legal battle? Answer: Mr. Hill posted on his web site a
photograph of an airport security officer conducting a pat-down, which was claimed by The Denver Post. 2. What did Righthaven accuse Mr. Hill of? Answer: He was accused of “willful” infringement. 3. What did Eric Goldman speak in defense of many defendants who violated the copyright law? Answer: They should be exempted from being sued because many of them were ill-informed about the copyright law and they did not violate it intentionally; they simply didn’t know the rules. 4. Why do some critics think Righthaven’s tactics are draconian and not ethical? Answer: Because the company often extracts swift settlement before it is clear to the defendants that there is a violation of federal copyright law. The suits are often filed without warning. 5. How does Righthaven sue for copyright infringement even if it publishes nothing anywhere? Answer: If it finds a newspaper article republished on the Web, it tries to obtain the full ownership of the article, and then it files its suit against the use on the Web. 6. How was the “legal battle” with Mr. Hill resolved? Answer: Shortly after the company was aware of Mr. Hill’s health problem, they moved voluntarily to drop the suit. 7. What effect does the lawsuit have on Mr. Hill? Answer: Shortly after the company was aware of Mr. Hill’s health problem, they moved voluntarily to drop the suit. Redo Check it
4: Answer: infringement, copyrighted, ultimately, echoed, contended, diminish, ill-informed, ownership, revive, links
5: Answer: 1. infringed 2. echoed 3. excerpted 4. qualify 5. legal 6. revived 7. accused 8. tactics 9. diminished 10. Fraudulent
6: Answer: 1. looking into 2. accused of 3. grapple with 4. presided over 5. steer clear
7: Answer: 1. be accused of infringement 2. constitute the fair use 3. compete with a newspaper 4. file a lawsuit 5. diminish the market value 6. obtain the copyright 7. revive the Web site 8. seek damages 9. demand forfeiture 10. reap the benefi t 11. take down the photo 12 . preside over the case
8: 1. 你应该及时掐掉凋谢的花朵。(pluck off) Answer: You should pluck off the dead fl owers in time. 2. 我认为你所说的实在算不上一个答案。(qualify as) Answer: I don’t think what you said really qualifi es as an answer. 3. 我们的喊声在寂静的大街上回荡。(echo) Answer: Our shouts echoed through the silent streets. 4. 毫无疑问，他的成绩提高了，他又重新燃起了对学习的兴趣。(revive) Answer: There is no doubt that his grades have improved and his interest in learning has revived. 5. 史密斯夫妇已经向离婚法院正式申请离婚。() Answer: The Smiths have fi led for divorce in the divorce court.
10: John: Why is it that people have such a difficult time following copyright laws? Yang: There are some countries in the world, John, where the average person cannot afford entertainment or technology unless it is pirated and sold on the black market. John: Copyrighted material is intellectual property. If someone violates these laws, they are violating the rights of those who created the music, software, movie, or idea. It is a blatant disregard for laws, people’s ri ghts, and an international moral standard. Yang: How, then, do you propose to make entertainment and technology available to the masses in countries where the average income is lower than the poverty level in the United States? Are they to be deprived of entertainment, aside from that created in their own countries? John: In America, not all people can afford entertainment and new technology, either. People must spend their money wisely and share with others. Violations of copyright laws keep the creators from making their share of the profits for their own idea. Yang: What should the United States do to prohibit American college students from downloading illegal music off the Internet? John: The US should work to protect people’s
property and their right to information online. Yang: I believe you are holding a double-standard, John. If people in the United States - who can afford entertainment - can download free music or buy cheap, fake goods, then why is it wrong for people in poorer countries to do the same, just to have entertainment at all? John: It does not sound like a problem which can be easily solved, does it? Yang: No, it won’t be solved unless there is a global mandate to ease copyright protection laws or Western companies prorate their prices to meet the income levels of poorer countries.
11: Fighting Against Piracy Nowadays the problem of piracy has become increasingly serious. Not only is there a serious lack of knowledge amongst the general public about piracy issues, but there is also an attitude of indifference. These days piracy is strongly evident in the commercial world in the wide availability of illegal softwares and DVDs, the inclusion of copyrighted pictures, web graphics, video clips and magazine portions in business presentations and the photocopying of books and articles for distribution without the author’s permission. The negative consequences of piracy are two-fold. Firstly, the copyright owners are likely to suffer significant financial losses. Secondly, the copyright owner loses recognition, if the source of the material is unacknowledged. Therefore it is important for all citizens to become educated about piracy issues, to follow copyright laws in their own lives, and to encourage their colleagues and friends to do the same.
12: Answer: 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. F
13:1. Why does the passage say the copyright owners are becoming more aggressive? Answer: Because they are using new tactics and technologies to enforce their rights. 2. Why do some managers encourage their people to do illegal copying? Answer: Because they don’t want to pay for the use of the copyrighted materials or they give the copyright short shrift to. 3. What is the lower limit set for severe punishment of copyright violation in the USA? Answer: Commercial copyright violation involving more than 10 copies and a value of more than $2 500. 4. What is the purpose for the TMA to offer fines? Answer: To encourage people to report on illegal copying or unauthorized “public performance” of off-the-shelf training videos. 5. What does the two-month review of comments posted to Listservs show? Answer: It shows there is a general lack of understanding about what constitutes legal use.
14: Answer: 1. have witnessed 2. trample 3. abusing 4. manual 5. duplicated 6.knowingly 7.tactic 8.Patrolling 9.budget 10.Enforce
15: Answer: 1. end up 2. give ... short shrift 3. step up ... to 4. infringed on 5. Doesn’t fit into 16: Answer: 1. a fine 2. rights / law 3. law / rights 4. Money 5. deadlines 6. a presentation 7. Rehearsals 8. a copy / money 9. permission 10. an interview
17: Answer: Righthaven被认为是一家惯以代表报纸业主针对其报道内容遭其他网站转载而诈取经济赔偿的代理公司。其做法是报纸把“起诉权”让渡给Righthaven，令其代表自己提起诉讼，最后与Righthaven利益分摊。Righthaven公司的主要策略是地毯式搜索，对他们所发现的每个“目标”进行法律威胁，全然不顾其主张正确与否。要是遇上敢于硬碰硬的对手，他们就立即撤诉。这可是经典的“版权钓鱼”把戏！现如今，Righthaven已经走到行将就木的地步了。他们丧失了对域名的所有权（被划转给了曾被他们起诉的受害者，法院判决Righthaven赔偿该受害人的诉讼费用，该受害人一跃成为他们的债权人），惨遭破产，就等着被别人一脚踢进无名的乱坟堆了。当然不排除某位昔日的投资者会卷土重来，拯救其于危难之中，但这种痴人说梦式的奇迹简直就是天方夜谭！18:1. Answer: She admired her grandmother. 2. Answer: Negative. 3. Answer: To advertise his
product. 4. Answer: A daytime home burglary. 5. Answer: Negative.
19: 1. The Theory of Relativity is above many people’s comprehension. Answer: 相对论现在还有许多人不能理解。 2. A few sets of equipment are in a state of neglect. Answer: 一些设备处于无人管理的状态。 3. The machine provides no power of its own. Answer: 机器本身并不提供动力。 4. Both suggestions cannot be accepted by the committee. Answer: 并非两个建议都能被委员会接受。 5. The problem is beyond the reach of my understanding. Answer: 这个问题我理解不了。 6. Never start to do the experiment before you have checked the instruments. Answer: 在没检查仪器之前，千万别做实验。
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Lead-in:Answer: 1. discourage 2. from 3. dialects 4. overwhelmingly 5. choice 6. fierce 7. standard 8. are now promoting English as the language of the 21st century 9. English is going to be the lingua franca of the new century 10. adopted English to be taught as the second language of choice
2: 1. What is the popular superstition about English majors’ choice of occupations according to the passage? Answer: English majors are confined to choosing careers between journalism and teaching. 2. Why does the author think that English majors have advantages over non-English majors in terms of employment? Answer: Experience shows that English major graduates qualify for a surprising range of jobs. In fact, they are also often well prepared for future careers in law, medicine, business, and government service. 3. What does the author try to say by pointing out that English major students may get high scores on the Law School Admission Test (L.S.A.T.)? Answer: The skills tested in L.S.A.T. clearly show that an undergraduate major in English is strong preparation for this test. 4. How can one get admitted to a medical school in the US? Answer: One must take thirty-two hours of science courses and pass the M.C.A.T. with a minimum score as required by the particular medical school. 5. What do the surveys tell us about the employment of graduates with degrees in English? Answer: They tell us that the essential skills needed for various careers are adequately covered by the education programs for English majors.
4: Answer: 1. preparation, 2. indicate, 3. capable, 4. analysis, 5. particularly, 6. occupations, 7. neither, 8. professional,
5: Answer: 1. sensitive 2. classification 3. sufficiently 4. steer 5. familiarity 6. consequently 7. reward 8. qualifications 9. fundamentals 10. Evaluate
6: Answer: 1. As for 2. focus ... on 3. benefit ... from 4. failed to 5. relevant to
7: Answer: 1. complain about his carelessness 2. take courses 3. steer efforts in the correct direction 4. evaluate ability / courses 5. hold a position 6. consider the advantages and disadvantages 7. receive high scores 8. get qualification / a position 9. gain an insight into his mind 10. give interpretations
8: 1. 我爷爷虽然70岁了，但他的爱好广泛，从下国际象棋到爬山，多种多样。(range from ... to) Answer: My grandfather’s interests range from playing chess to climbing mountains although he is 70 years old. 2. 真奇怪，汤姆的奶奶都80岁了还玩玩具娃娃。(surprisingly) Answer: Surprisingly, Tom’s grandmother plays with dolls at the age of 80. 3. 他
大公无私的精神和天赋使他适合担当大多数学生梦想得到的那项工作。(qualify for) Answer: His selflessness and talent qualify him for the job most students dream to get. 4. 你如何解释他的那个怪梦？(interpretation) Answer: What interpretation would you put on his odd / strange dream? 5. 我们老板刚买的新轿车一小时能行驶200公里。(be capable of) Answer: The brand-new car our boss has just bought is capable of making 200 kilometers an hour.
10: Dr Wilson: I’m glad that you all decided to enroll in my English class. Who can tell me why it is important to speak English? Linan: It’s important because knowing English gives us an advantage in applying for a job. Dr Wilson: Why does it give you an advantage? Linan: The marketplace is becoming increasingly global and the most widely spoken business language in the world is English. Dr Wilson: Did you know that even in the United States, not all people speak English? In the US, there is no national language. Linan: While it may be true that there is no national language in America, it is also true that a graduate is more marketable if he is multilingual. But, to be multilingual is not enough. In today’s age, most multi-national corporations require their employees to speak, read, and write a common language. Most often, that language is English. Dr Wilson: Linan is right, students. Like it or not, English is the predominant language in the world, especially in the business sector. If you want to succeed in the world of business, then you must master English. Even if you don’t want to work in the business circles, English is still a big academic pursuit to be learnt with vigor.
11: The Importance of Learning Spoken English In today’s modern world, learning spoken English has many advantages. English is fast becoming the international language of many fields, including politics, business and education. Not only is English used between native speakers and non-native speakers, but it is also used increasingly as a common language in interactions between non-native speakers. Having a good grasp of spoken English helps you to improve your chances of employment. These days, there are many foreign companies operating in China, and many Chinese-owned companies have trade links with foreign partners. These companies require speakers of English with sufficient language skills to ensure smooth business transactions. Spoken English also provides the chances for you to communicate socially with people from many other countries. It gives you a window into other cultures, and other perspectives of the world. It also gives you access to foreign films, TV programs, music and news. Therefore, spoken English is an important and fundamental tool in today’s global village.
13: 1. Why does the author use the quotations of Japanglish at the beginning of the passage? Answer: To show that Japanglish is comprehensible and widely used, thus deserving its status as a legitimate language. 2. Is Mr. Childs in favor of or against “Japanglish?” Answer: He is in favor of it. He claims that Japanese should speak English in a way that suits them. 3. Why does Mr. Childs criticize English language schools? Answer: Because he thinks English language schools force their students to learn “correct” English that is far removed from their everyday lives. 4. What’s the attitude of Daniel Webster toward “Japanglish?” Answer: He is against the use of Japanglish and says that Mr. Childs is doing Japanese students of English a disservice by telling them something is right when it is simply wrong. 5. What’s the author’s conclusion about Japanglish? Answer: In a way, “Japanglish” should be encouraged.
14: Answer: 1. beyond 2. champions 3. ignored 4. obliged / obliges 5. sheer 6. lagged
7. prospects 8. proficiency 9. prejudice 10. Claim
15: Answer: 1. in a way 2. drawing up 3. calls for 4. signed up for 5. set ... back
16: Answer: 1. improve the standard of English / broad prospects 2. acquire proficiency 3. provide food and drink / the instuctions 4. break the rules of grammar 5. develop habits of hearing and speaking 6. follow the instructions / the rules of grammar 7. ignore personal danger / prejudices 8. draw up documents9. overcome prejudices 9. prejudices 10. open up broad prospects
17: Answer: 英语作为一种外语，学习它有很多好处。英语现在是国际商务语言，也是世界的通用语言。这就意味着在国际商业界，英语是那些说不同语言的人用来相互交流的工具。英语通常被认为是仅次于汉语普通话的被最多人使用的语言。然而，人们却很难知道在世界上某一特定的时间段到底有多少人在说英语，或者现在到底有多少人在学习英语。据估计这个数字一定很高。
19: 1. An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means. Answer: 元素是一种物质，这种物质不能用一般的化学方法再分裂成更为简单的物质。 2. The reporter of Evening Paper wishes to write an article that will attract public attention to the matter. Answer: 《晚报》记者想写一篇文章，以便能引起公众对这件事的注意。 3. The teacher was angry, and asked John to clean the classroom, who asked Mary, who asked Linda, who pretended not to hear. Answer: 老师十分生气，要约翰打扫教室，约翰叫玛丽做，玛丽又叫琳达做，而琳达装着没听见。
4. I think I should particularly thank my parents, without whose help I couldn’t have succeeded. Answer: 我认为我应该特别感谢我的父母，没有他们的帮助，我不可能成功。
5. Tom liked his sister, who was warm and pleasant, but he did not like his brother, who was indifferent and proud. Answer: 汤姆喜欢热情而可爱的妹妹，但不喜欢冷漠又高傲的哥哥。
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Lead-in: Answer: 1. manuals 2. periodically 3. initiative 4. structural 5. remains 6. rewarded 7. honest 8. Penalties against scandals are too lenient 9. Japanese companies have little incentive to tackle ethical and compliance issues internally 10. have made greater efforts to deal with ethical and compliance issues
2: Answer: 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. T 5. F 6. T 7. F 8. F 9. T 10. F
3: 1. Why were the public so angry about AIG bonus payment? Answer: Financiers at AIG didn’t deserve such awards as they should be held liable for the disastrous consequences of their business practices. 2. Why are those on the inside of financial institutes blind to the suffering of the outsiders? Answer: Self-centered as they are, these insiders are misguided by remoteness from reality and thoughtlessness in judgment, operating in their own narrow interests while distancing every outsider. 3. What does “you can’t just blame the system for the bad things you’ve done” imply? Answer: As revealed in Eichmann’s trial, individuals must be held accountable for their ju dgment, even when they have “thoughtlessly” conformed to toxic institutional circumstances. 4. What is the lesson business executives are supposed to take from the economic crisis? Answer: The financiers can’t work on a self-serving business model as the institutions they are in charge of are vital for the interests of “the others.” The damage that was supposed to be “theirs” is now shared misery on a global scale. No one is safe if such a “vacuum” of moral leadership remains in Wall Street. 5. How does the author argue that Wall
Street is guilty of an economic crime against humanity? Answer: The “banality of evil” in Wall Street led to this economic crisis and made millions of people the victims of such a full-scale administrative economic massacre so much so that it constitutes an economic crime against humanity as Eichmann did in the Holocaust.
4: Answer: 1. transactions 2. trial 3. thoughtlessness 4. civilized 5. insiders 6. empathy 7. vacuum 8. unquestioning 9. heirs 10. Humanity
5: Answer: 1. dismay 2. invisible 3. accountable 4. mortgage 5. compounded 6. discern 7. mounting 8. haunt 9. indifference 10. Terrifying
6: Answer: 1. at the heart 2. derive from 3. pave the way 4. conform to 5. stand up to
7: Answer: 1. act on their moral judgment 2. reap rewards 3. ignore responsibility 4. commit crimes 5. conform to institutional circumstances 6. meet the minimum standard 7. pave the way for a full-scale administrative economic massacre 8. reflect a sense of morality 9. complete transactions 10. relinquish its home
8: 1. 产品广告中的说明必须符合产品的实际质量。(conform to) Answer: The explanation in the advertisement of the product must conform to its actual quality. 2. 新的见解有望为我们探索应对这种情况的新方法铺平道路。(pave the way for) Answer: New insights will hopefully pave the way for us to explore new ways of treating this condition. 3. 谚语来源于生活，是一个民族的语言和文化的浓缩和体现。(derive from) Answer: Proverbs, which derive from life, are the condensation and embodiment of the language and culture of a nation.
4. 这段情感关系一直困扰着她，而且不见尽头。(haunt) Answer: The emotional relationship has been haunting her with no end in sight.
5. 应当承认，很难判定这件独特商品的合适价格。(discern) Answer: Admittedly, the right price for this unique commodity is hard to discern.
10: Anwser: Dr Smith: I’m going to give you all a test to complete over the weekend. Frank: Can we get help from our classmates? Dr Smith: No, I’m trusting you to work alone. Each of y ou has a moral conscience, so you don’t need someone to monitor you. One day in the business world, you will have to be honest on your own. Frank: Dr Smith, if I get someone to help me, I’ll get a better grade, and you will never know that I cheated. Dr Smith: I know. However, I want to teach you all self-discipline and self-worth. If you cheat, you might receive a better grade, but you will feel quite guilty later for what you have done. Frank: I’ll be honest because I know it’s the ethical thing to do. Doesn’t our student code of conduct talk about honesty? Dr Smith: It does. It says that each student should work to prevent injustice in both his own actions and in the actions of others. You signed that pledge when you started school here, committing to pursue honesty. We should be honest, simply because it’s the right thing to do. Frank: I think honesty will also make me a better employee one day. Dr Smith: Frank, integrity is far better than riches or fame. You can lose your money and then gain it back again, but you can never regain your integrity and your good name once it is lost. Frank: Thank you for trusting us, Dr Smith.
11: Anwser: Business Ethics Creating and sustaining an ethical corporation isn’t as difficult as you might think; it’s actually easier than some of the day-to-day business challenges you face. The keys to running an ethical company are accountability, honesty, and information transparency. Corporations aren’t ethical or evil in and of themselves –– but people can be. So ethics must focus on you and the people you work with. Most people want to do the right thing, but organizational structure does not guarantee they will do the right thing, without meaning to or
even knowing it. Structuring an ethical corporation makes the goal easier to achieve. The challenge could not be more urgent. A substantial majority of people in China are dissatisfied with the social behavior of our corporations, say several recent news reports. Poor treatment of workers at home and abroad, products that don’t perform as advertised, fake commodities, poor customer service, environmental pollution, to mention a few. Responsible behavior is important to your business success, but let’s not forget that you’re in business –– you’re not out to solve the world’s problems. So how do you balance the two? What does it mean to be ethical in business? It simply requires that you follow your best moral instincts, even in areas that don’t appear to involve moral issues, such as cost-benefit analyses. But while good ethics often equates to good business, sometimes it doesn’t. Sometimes being truly ethical means giving up something you want in exchange for doing the right thing. That’s why we worry about ethics in the first place ––if it didn’t cost us anything, everyone would be ethical all the time.
13: 1. What does “gospel-based business success” (Para. 4) mean? Answer: Success achieved in business without breaching the Bible’s teachings. 2. What is the key principle the survivor managers followed in their careers? Answer: Being honest in all aspect of work. 3. What can you learn from the Japanese proverb: “The reputation of a thousand years is determined by the conduct of one hour?” Answer: Any bad behavior at any time can lead to damaging your long-established reputation. 4. What does the author think of the firm’s entry into the African market in the 1970s? Answer: It actually was a cheating / fraudulent operation leading to serious consequences.
14: Answer: 1. compelled 2. compassion 3. disclosure 4. exploring 5. malnourished 6. plaguing 7. pledge 8. breach 9. span 10. Transaction
15: Answer: 1. sitting idle 2. broke down 3. in all respects 4. gave ... credit 5. by the conduct of/ 16: Answer: Synonyms 1. idle; fallow 2. diverse; varying 3. key; important 4. self-esteem; self-worth Antonyms 1. sell; purchase 2. plagued; delighted 3. breach; faith
17: Answer: 传奇企业家沃伦?巴菲特说：“信任就像我们呼吸的空气。它在时，无人会真正留意，但一旦它不在，每个人都会注意到。”若坚持道德原则的话，你能把生意从创业一直做到退休。现在正是把以下这些正确的方方面面安排到位来建立企业伦理文化的恰当时机：使命、价值、明晰可及的规章制度、企业公民意识以及慈善心等。第一步是自己要做道德行为典范。如果你的员工看到你四处钻营并一直混迹于灰色地带，那么他们就有可能做同样的事情，而不顾公司的道德守则如何规定。毕竟我们是生活在一个上行下效的世界中。
19: 1. We expressed the hope that they would come and visit China again. Answer: 走出机场大楼我就看到外面好多出租汽车司机在穿梭走动，这（一现象）在世界各地的机场都是一样的。 2. The story goes that William Tell did kill the tyrant with that arrow. Answer: 迈尔斯先生仍然面带微笑，可是他的口气却有点不耐烦了。罗布很少见到这种情况。 3. There is no probability that human beings will ever be controlled by robots. Answer: 难怪，一看见沿河而立的精美建筑时，我就想起了巴黎、阿姆斯特丹和威尼斯。4. She went to the meeting on the supposition that people would not assail her with questions. Answer: 现在我意识到知识给人的巨大乐趣，这与如何使用知识无关。 5. I’ve come from Mr Lin with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon. Answer: 她本想告诉约翰，她没有料到他的知识竟有如此渊博，但又觉得有些不好意思，没有说出口。 6. The middle-aged man is a newly
elected team leader, able, open, and sincere. Answer: 那位中年人是新选出的队长，他能干、开朗又诚恳。7. His only interest in life, playing football, has brought him many friends. Answer: 他生活中唯一感兴趣的东西是踢足球，这使他交到很多朋友。 8. Their staff of 360, mostly former housewives, help the residents with their laundry and mending. Answer: 他们有360名职工，大部分原来是家庭妇女，现在帮助居民做一些洗涤、缝补的事。
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Lead-in:Answer: 1. serious 2. involves 3. several 4. changes 5. families 6. means 7. painful 8. Get a medical checkup to rule out any other illnesses that might be causing signs of depression 9. Go to the government services pages and look for health clinics or community health centers 10. There are two common types of treatment for depression:medicine and talk therapy
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3: 1. What kind of people do psychologists portray die-hard fans as? Answer:Lonely misfits searching for self-esteem by identifying with a team. 2. Compared to people who never watch a football match, what does the study mentioned in Para. 3 suggest about the football fans? Answer:They suffer fewer bouts of depression and alienation. 3. Why does the author say that the fans’ connection to a team is fickle? Answer:(Because they say) “We won” (when) describing (the team’s) victory, and “they lost” (when) describing (its) defeat. 4. “Highly-identified” fans tend to blame their team’s failure on a biased referee or on bad luck, rather than. Answer:on their team’s mistakes or the other team’s skill. 5. Is a deep attachment to a team healthy according to the passage? Answer:Yes, in most cases.
4: Answer: 1. portrayed 2. revealed 3. depression 4. game 5. admiration 6. connection 7. Uninterested 8. loyal 9. including 10. Psychological
5: Answer: 1. achievement 2. self-esteem 3. primitive 4. Aroused 5. identified 6. confrontation 7. reveal 8. Soaring 9. abandoned 10. Professional
6: Answer: 1. through thick and thin 2. root for 3. backed up 4. belonged to 5. stave off
7: Answer: Synonyms 1. conflict; clash 2. mental; psychological 3. feeling sad; depression 4. self-esteem; self-worth 5. back up; support Antonyms 1. light-hearted; intense 2. helpful; harmful
8: 1. 她将她的少年时代描绘成一个幻想和发现的时期。(portray ... as) Answer:She portrayed her childhood as a time of wonder and discovery. 2. 试验表明，不抽烟的人比抽烟的人犯的错误要少。(fewer ... than) Answer:Experiments showed that nonsmokers committed fewer errors than smokers. 3. 足球迷经常受到人们的重视，不是因为他们自身的成功，而是因为他们支持的球队获得了胜利。 (not ... but) Answer:Football fans are often highly regarded not
for their own achievement, but through their connection to a team that wins. 4. 尽管演员的演技高超，这部长达3个小时的电影还是未能吸引住我们。(despite) Answer:Despite the actors’ wonderful acting, the three-hour movie could not hold our attention. 5.王教授是我能唯一指望救我儿子的大夫。(rely on) Answer:Professor Wang is the only doctor I can rely on to save my son.
10: Anwser: He Xin: Li Shasha, do you think that our teachers put too much pressure on us to succeed? Li Shasha: I think they are using whatever means they can to motivate us to perform well. I don’t think it is pressure; I think they just want us to work hard, and we are often motivated by success. He Xin: I am asking this question because I feel too stressed. Even though I try my best, I feel like it is never good enough for my professors or my parents. Li Shasha: He Xin, you shouldn’t judge your self-worth by how others perceive you. If you are giving your best effort in your studies, then you should be proud of yourself. For most of us, we need some pressure. Would you study as hard as you do if there was no pressure? He Xin: I probably wouldn’t study as hard if I knew that no one cared; however, I believe the re is a healthy balance between showing care and concern and placing undue pressure on students. I’m just afraid that such performance-oriented pressure might drive someone to depression or suicide. Li Shasha: He Xin, we cannot take pressure too seriously. Sure, we are all under stress as students, and none of us wants to fail; however, we must remember that if we do fail, we can try again. Success should not be measured by wins or losses or passing versus failing grades. We should be proud of ourselves if we simply give our best effort because that is the best that we can do. Our parents and professors should be careful about how much pressure they put on us because they want to see us perform at our best. He Xin: I guess I’m just tired of feeling stres sed-out all the time. Li Shasha: Cheer up, He Xin. You have one of the best grades in the class, and everyone likes you. I think you are putting too much pressure on yourself. Let’s go get some ice cream. He Xin: I can’t go, Li Shasha. I have to study for my test next week. Li Shasha: Next week? You can study later in the week! Right now, let’s go and have some fun. Besides, even if you don’t study, you’ll make a higher grade than me.. He Xin:OK, I’ll go, but don’t put any pressure on me to beat you on that test!
11: Answers: Sports and Psychological Health Sports and Psychological Health Sports do much good to our health. They can be of especially great value to our psychological health. People who are involved in athletics feel more self-sufficient and confident in their abilities. They often feel they are in control of their own actions. Sports offer people an opportunity to feel more competent, self-reliant and able to achieve their goals. Sports demand not only physical skill and strength but also courage, enthusiasm, discipline and usually teamwork. For people, what is learned on the playground often has a deep effect on their character. If each of them learns to work for his team and not for himself on the football field, he is more likely to find it natural to work for the good of his country instead of only for his own benefit.
13: 1. What thought is dreadful according to the author? Answer: You are only 30-year-old –– or maybe even 40 or 50 –– and are already fantasizing about retiring. 2. What will happen if we fill our days with nothing but recreational activities? Answer: We get in trouble –– we might get beaned by a shanked golf ball, fall off a fishing boat after one drinks too much and that kind of thing. 3. In what way do we suffer some ill effects from work? Answer: Men are the victims of more than 90 percent of all job-related accidents. Our highly competitive instincts also propel us to advance in our professions and climbing the ladder can be stressful. 4. What other things also
cause stress besides work? Answer: Raising children is stressful. Unemployment is really stressful. Vacations can be stressful. Driving in Milan is a nightmare. 5. What kind of men are more likely to have downwardly mobile careers? Answer: Men married to women who work full-time are more likely to have downwardly mobile careers. 6. Can you give us an example about “A working man is a healthy man?” Answer: Open.
14: Answer: 1. victim 2. depress 3. devote 4. concluded 5. beneficial 6. recreational 7. propelled 8. financial 9. nothing 10. Regardless
15: Answer: 1. along with 2. agree with 3. in terms of 4. go back to 5. be responsible for
16: Answer: 1. raise children 2. increase wages / value 3. experience conflict 4. give an opportunity 5. climb a ladder 6. cause stress 7. change roles / value
17: Answer: 心理健康不应该因为你是否受到精神或情绪紊乱而感到困惑。关于健康问题的研究涉及正常人个体或者普通大众的感受。当我们说到心理健康，我们指的是普通人在生活中的所作所为。换句话说，如果你觉得压抑，这并不意味着你就有心理问题。心理健康涉及你怎样处理事情，你又怎样反应而且还涉及你是否觉得你的生活是有趣而享受的。Redo Check it
19: 1. It was essential that the application forms should be sent back before the deadline. Answer: 申请表必须在截止日期之前寄回。 2. What the man said under oath was disputed by several other witnesses. Answer: 那个男人的发誓遭到了其他几位证人的反驳。 3. What is remarkable about history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries but how much they have remained the same. Answer: 在玩具历史上值得注意的一点是，与其说数百年来玩具变化了多少，不如说有多少玩具保持不变。 4. It is reported that most adopted children want to know who their natural parents are. Answer: 据报道，大多数收养的孩子都想要知道他们的生身父母是谁。 5. That’s why teachers often encourage the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability. Answer: 这就是教师们经常鼓励学生及早使用词典并重视文字内容，而不是技术能力的原因。6. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak. Answer: 一天中当你感到精力最充沛时，也就是你的体温处于其周期高峰的时候。 7. The fact is that the energy crisis has been with us for a long time now, and will be with us for an even longer time. Answer: 事实是能源危机已经伴随我们很长时间了，而且还将伴随我们更长时间。 8. That’s why teachers often encourage the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability. Answer: 正因为如此，甚至有人提出应该完全取消现有的速度限制。 9. Would you kindly tell me how we can get to the airport in the shortest possible time? Answer: 请问我们如何能在最短的时间内到达机场？10. Do you have any idea where I can buy a shirt of a larger size than this? Answer: 你知道我在哪儿能买到尺码比这更大的衬衫吗？