新编实用英语语法(删减版含答案)

一、英语句子结构

一、简单句的6种基本结构

简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）的句子。

①Li Hui and Li Hua went there together.

②She went out, bought a bottle of wine and returned hurriedly.

1.主谓结构：主语+不及物动词(S+Vi)。本结构是由主语加不及物动词或短语构成,常用来表示主语的动作。

2.主谓宾结构：主语+及物动词+宾语（S+Vt+O）。其中的谓语动词须是及物的动词（词组）。宾语须是名词或相当于名词的成分。

3.双宾语结构：主语+及物谓语动词（词组）+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）(S+Vt+IO+DO) 如：He brings me cookies every day. She made me a beautiful dress.

但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for，如：He brings cookies to me every day. She made a beautiful dress for me.

用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。

用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有：

（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, promise, return, send, show, write, ask,等。（需借助for 的）buy, call, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare,等

4．复合结构：主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语（S+Vt+O+C）。宾语与宾语补足语有逻辑的主谓关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不完整。可以用做宾补的有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式和分词。如：The sun keeps us warm.(we are warm) I heard him singing.(he is singing) You must get your hair cut.(Your hair is cut)

用it做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，是英语常用句型。即主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。如，I found it very pleasant to be with your family.

5．主系表结构：主语+连系动词+表语(S+V+P)。连系动词（Link verb)：be动词（am, is, are, was, were, have been)；其他连系动词如：become,turn,go,get和感官动词如：feel, sound，look, smell，taste, observe等。连系动词与其后的成分构成系表结构，表语多为形容词或副词。表语说明主语的状态、性质、等，可为形容词、副词、名词、代词、不定式、分词。

（1）当连系动词不是be，而其后是名词和代词时，多表达‘变为’之意。

eg:①He became a teacher at last. ②His face turned red.

（2）感官动词多可用作连系动词。eg: He looks well.他面色好。It sounds nice.这个听起来不错。I feel good.我感觉好。The egg smells bad.这个鸡蛋难闻。

6．There＋系动词＋主语（There is a man.）表示“存在有”，这里的there没有实际意义。此结构中不能出现表示“有”的实义动词have，即不能说There has an old man there. 试比较：There is a boy there.那儿有一个男孩。前一个there无实义，后一个there为副词“那里”。

这个句型也可以变形为：There is going to be---将会有---\There have\has been---已经有---\There appeared(seemed) (to be)---好像有--\There lived---住着---\ There used to be---过去常有---\There happened to be---碰巧有---\There remained---剩下有----等。

上述六种句型，主语、宾语可有修饰语—定语，谓语可有修饰语—状语。如：The red sun rises. The red sun rises in the east. He brings me cookies every day.

二、并列句：由并列连词把两个或以上的简单句连在一起的句子。并列句中的简单句互不依从，没有主从之分。并列连词有：and, both---and, but, not only---but (also), or, so, still, yet, for, either---or, neither---nor, while 等。

1.but是并列连词，用于句首，其后无符号隔开；however是副词，可位于句首、句中或句尾，其后常有逗号。He said it was so; however, he was mistaken.

2.yet可与and连用，but不可；yet可与although/though连用，but不可。Though\Although he was ill, yet he managed to come.；Though可作副词，放在句末：“不过、但是”，although无此

用法。He said he would help me;he didn’t,though.

3.so不可与because连用。

4.祈使句\名词短语+and\or\or else\otherwise+将来时的陈述句。祈使句表示条件，陈述句表示结果。

Tie the corners of the handkerchief to the points of the cross, and you will have a nice strong kite.

=If you tie the corners of the handkerchief to the points of the cross, you will have a nice strong kite.

5.while作并列连词，表示对比的情况“然而”。

The language in America stayed the same, while the language in England changed.

三、复合句：由一个主句和一个（或一个以上）的从句构成的句子。从句作主句的一个成分，常有连接词引导，从句和主句都有完整的主语和谓语。根据从句在全句中的不同作用，从句可分为：宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句。前四种从句的作用相当于名词，统称为名词性从句。定语从句的作用相当于形容词，又被称为形容词性从句。

He said he would do what he could to help her out. (宾语从句)

When he came back to home, I was preparing supper. (时间状语从句)

Although he practiced hard, he didn’t pass the driving test. （让步状语从句）

尽管他努力练习了，他没有通过驾驶考试。

Whoever comes late shall wash up the dishes.. (主语从句)

My idea is that we should put off the plan. (表语从句)

(08全国II) 1. Stand over there,_____ you’ll be able to see the oil painting better.

A. but

B. till

C. and

D. or

(08重庆) 2.The artist was born poor, poor he remained all his life.

A. and

B. or

C. but

D. so

(08江苏) 3.It is often said that the joy of traveling is __ in arriving at your destination __ in the journey itself.

A. 不填；but

B. 不填；or

C. not; or

D. not; but

(08湖南) 4.I thou ght we’d be late for the concert, ______ we ended up getting there ahead of time.

A. but

B. or

C. so

D. for

(08湖南) 5._____ the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about Firefighting.

A．Having searched B. To search C. Searching D. Search

(08四川) 6.In some places women are expected to earn money ____ men work at home and raise their children.

A. but

B. while

C. because

D. though

(11全国I) 1. —Someone wants you on the phone. —_____nobody knows I am here.

A. Although

B. And

C. But

D. So

（11山东）2. Find ways to praise your children often, ____ you’ll find they will open their hearts to you.

A. till

B. or

C. and

D. but

（11辽宁）3. Bring the flowers into a warm room ___ they'll soon open.

A. or

B. and

C. but

D. for

【2012四川】4. At school, some students are active ______ some are shy, yet they can be good friends with one another. A. while B. although C. so D. as

【2012北京】31. ______ at the door before you enter my room, please.

A. Knock

B. Knocking

C. Knocked

D. To knock

08年答案：1.C 2.A 3.D 4.A 5.D 6.B

11年答案：1.C 2.C 3.B

12年答案：(12全国) 34. B （12四川）4.A (12北京) 31.A

翻译练习：

练习一：1.你应当努力学习。2.她昨天回家很晚。3.那天早上我们谈了很多。4.会议将持续两个小时。5.在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。

练习二：1.昨晚我写了一封信。2.今天下午我想同你谈谈。3.这本书他读过多次了。4.他们成功地完成了计划。5.你们必须在两周内看完这些书。6.那位先生能流利地说三种语言。

练习三：1.Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。2.奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。3.Mary把钱包交给校长了。4.请把那本字典递给我好吗？5.他把车票给列车员看。

练习四：1.我们叫她Alice.2.他的父母给他取名为John.3.我们大家都认为他是诚实的。4.他们把门推开了。

5.他们把小偷释放了。

6.我们要使学校变得更美丽。

7.他请我们参加做游戏。

8.我要你把真相告诉我。

9.卫兵命令我们立即离开。10.明天我要找人来修理机器。11.每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。12.痛苦使得他叫喊起来。

三、代词

一、代词的分类：

1.人称代词：分主格（作主语、表语）和宾格(作动宾、介宾)

2.物主代词：分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词放在名词前作定语，有my, our, your, his, her, its, their。名词性物主代词后不能接名词，相当于“形容词性物主代词+n.”,有mine, ours, yours, his, hers, its, theirs。

名词+of+名词性物主代词\名词所有格构成双重所有格形式：

a friend of mine\father’s我\爸爸的一个朋友

3.反身代词:myself ,yourself ,himself ,herself ,itself ,ourselves ,yourselves

themselves 当宾语和主语是同一人或同一物时，宾语往往要用与主语相对应的反身代词。“Who called me this morning when I was out?” “A man calling himself Robert.”

4.指示代词:this ,that ,these ,those。this\that可以做程度副词，意思和用法同so。

5.疑问代词:who ,whom ,what（一般指不定数目中的选择）,which（提供一定范围内选择）Which do you like better, this one or that one?

6.相互代词:each other（两个人或物之间）,one another（三个或三个以上的人或物之间）

7.不定代词:some ,any ,all ,both ,none ,one, each ,either ,neither ,other ,another,

something ,anything ,nothing ,anyone ,anybody , someone ,somebody ,nobody

8.关系代词(用于定语从句，除as译为“正如、如像”、whose“---的”，其它一般无词义):who ,whom ,whose，that ,which ,as

9.连接代词(用于名词性从句或状语从句)：who\whom\what\which（都有词义）；who（m）ever“任何人，无论谁”,作主语\宾语;whatever“任何人或物、无论---什么（事物）”，作主语\宾语\定语;whichever“无论哪个---”作主语\宾语\定语。

Could I speak to whoever is in charge of International Sales, please?

Whatever news the newspapers print，some people always believe it.

无论报纸刊登什么新闻，总是有人相信。

二、代词用法考点

1.反身代词可用于某些固定搭配：(all)by oneself单独地；of oneself 自动地，自行地；for oneself 替/为自己；teach oneself自学；behave oneself使自己行为规矩；come to oneself苏醒dress oneself （自己）穿衣服；seat oneself=sb be seated; say to oneself心里想；talk to oneself自言自语；devote oneself to把自己献身于；absent oneself from缺席；enjoy oneself玩得高兴；help oneself to随便---；make oneself at home不要拘束；introduce oneself自我介绍

2.指示代词this/these一般用来指时间和空间上较近的人或物；that/those常指时间和空间上较

远的人或物。

—He almost drowned in that pool. 他差点淹死在那水池里。

—When was that? 什么时候（的事）？

that可代替不可数名词或单数名词，特指，且后常有介词短语修饰=the+n.复数形式是those；those代替复数名词以免重复。one代替单数可数名词，是泛指，即同类中的某一个=a\an+n.复数形式是ones；the one表特指，用来替代同类事物中的另一个；it代替单数可数名词，特指同一个,it=the+n.

The water of the well is cleaner than that of the river. The Christmas cards are much better than those you bought yesterday.

3.不定代词

①some(---）多用于肯定句；some(---)可用于表示请求、提议或者希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中。Would you please spare me some ink? 你能分点墨水给我吗？

some有时与数词连用，“大约”：some forty students 大约40个学生

any(---)多用于否定句，疑问句或条件句中。any(---)也可用于肯定句，（修饰可数名词时指三者或以上的）“任何一个（些）人或物”。

Edison became quite expert at it and could find work in any town he went to.

②all与none,no one,nothing,no all表示“三者或三者以上全部都”，可以修饰可数、不可数名词；none表示对三个或三个以上的人或物的否定（可指可数或不可数名词），意思是“没什么人\物”，可作主语和宾语，作主语谓语动词可用单数或者复数，后可接of短语：None of them have/has failed. none可以简略回答以How many或How much开头的疑问句。

例如：—How many books are there on the desk ? — None.

注意：no one (＝nobody),只指人，不接of短语，no one作主语时只能跟单数谓语，回答以who开头的问句。

例如：——Who is in the room ? ——no one(＝Nobody)

nothing回答what开头的问句；no总是在名词前作定语，相当于not any\not a.

——Is there any oil in the glass ? —— None. none指前面提到的人或物“一个\什么也没有”——What’s in the bottle? ——Nothing. nothing指一切都没有了。

③other ,another ,the other ,others ,the others

other表示“其他的”,没有范围限制，与名词复数连用。如：other books/boys…

another指三者或以上的“另一个”，可作代词或形容词用，代替或修饰单数可数名词。another+数词\few等+复数名词=数字\few等+more+复数名词=数字\few等+复数名词+more “再\另一-----”如：one).

We walked another ten miles(=ten more miles\ten miles more).我们又走了十英里

the other可作代词或形容词用，指两个(部分)事物或人中的“另一个\部分”：

He has only two brothers, of whom one is a teacher ,the other an officer.

I can see only two teachers in the office. Where are the other teachers ?

others泛指其他的人或物；the others特指其余的人或物。others常和some对比使用：Thirty students in our class are boys ,the others are girls.

Some are carrying water, others are watering the trees.

常用one---another---the other---“一个----，另一个----，另一个----”

④one作为不定代词，泛指“任何人”（包括说话人在内）：One must do one’s duty.

当one前有形容词修饰时，形容词前须有冠词或代词：Could you show me a smaller one?

还可用来代替上文出现过的可数名词（指人或物）,泛指，复数形式是ones。

例如：I have bought a new bike. My old one doesn’t work.

⑤either两者之一，neither两者中一个也不。either---or, neither---nor连接两个主语用就近原则。either在否定句或否定词组后面、too在肯定句后面表示“也”。

If he doesn’t go, I won’t either. I don’t like maths and he doesn’t like it,either.

⑥each\every each强调个体，起名词和形容词的作用。指两者或两者以上（人或物）的每一个；every，强调全体无一例外，只能作定语修饰名词，指三者或三者以上（人或物）的每一个。

Trees have been planted on each side of the road.

⑦few和a few作主语或修饰主语时，谓语用复数；little和a little 作主语或修饰主语时，谓语用单数。not a little=very much; not a bit=not at all. quite a few=many; quite a little=much ⑧anything用于疑问\否定\条件句,用于肯定句语气很强，“任何人\物”；everything“每件事、一切”，表示全体。anything but根本不，nothing but 只是

What he said is anything but practical since everything depends on “if”.

他所说的根本不实际因为他说的一切都取决于“如果“。

⑨nothing\none\no one\ no body\neither或not与any(--)、each连用表示全部否定；not与all\ every(---)\both 表部分否定。

Every man is not honest.并非每个人都诚实。Each man is not honest.每个人都不诚实。

2008--2012年高考英语试题分类汇编——代词

(11全国II）1. I got this bicycle for______；my friend gave it to me when she bought a new one.

A. everything

B. something

C. anything

D. nothing

(11北京）2. The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase _______. A. them B. those C. it D. that

(11上海) 3. To stay awake, he finished a cup of coffee and ordered ______.

A. the other

B. other

C. the others

D. another

(11山东) 4. The two girls are so alike that strangers find ______ difficult to tell one from the other.

A. it

B. them

C. her

D. that

(11安徽）5. Surprisingly, Susan’s beautiful hair reached below her knees and made_______ almost an overcoat for her. A. them B. her C. itself D. herself

(11福建）6. We have various summer camps for your holidays, you can choose_______based on your own interests. A. either B. each C. one D. it

(11四川）7. There is _____ in his words. W e should have a try.

A. something

B. anything

C. nothing

D. everything

(11辽宁）8.- Would you like tea or coffee? - ______, thank you. I've just had some water.

A. Either

B. Both

C. Any

D. Neither

(11陕西）9.-Would you get me a bar of chocolate from the kitchen, dear?- ____ one?

A. Other

B. Every

C. Another

D. More

(11重庆）10.—Silly me! I forget what my luggage looks like.—What do you think of ______ over there?

A. the one

B. this

C.it

D.that

(11湖南)11.I know that _____ would ever discourage him; he would never give up wanting to be a director.

A. something

B. anything

C. everything

D.nothing

(12全国)1. Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him,but______of them wants to,because they have work to do. A.either B.any C.neither D.none

(12北京)2. Many people have donated that type of blood;however,the blood bank needs______.

A.some

B.less

C.much

D.more

(12山东)3. When you are done with the book,just give it to Lucy or Helen or______.

A.whoever

B.wherever

C.whatever

D.however

(12辽宁)4. If you’re buying today’s paper from the stand,could you get_____for me?

A.one

B.such

C.this

D.that

(12浙江)5. Studying Wendy’s menu,I found that many of the items are similar to_____of McDonalds.

A.those

B.ones

C.any

D.all

(12福建)6. —Have you figured out how much the trip will cost? —$4000,or_____like that.

A.anything

B.everything

C.something

D.nothing

(12江苏)7. Sophia waited for a reply,but_____came. A.either B.another C.neither D.none (12江西)8.My brother would like to buy a good watch but______was available from that shop.

A.nothing

B.none

C.no one

D.neither

(12重庆)9. —John，when shall we meet again,Thursday or Friday? —_____.I’ll be off to London then.

A.Either

B.Neither

C.Both

D.None

参考答案：

11年答案：1.D 2.C 3.D 4.A 5.C 6.C 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.D 11.D

12年答案：1.C 2.D 3.A 4.A 5.A 6.C 7.D 8.B 9.B

四、定语从句

一、什么是定语？修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。定语可以由形容词，名词，代词，数词，

分词，副词，不定式，介词短语或一个句子来担任．在复合句中，修饰主句的某个名词、代词或整个主句的从句叫定语从句，定语从句在作用上相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句．被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句分为限制性和非限制性从句（有逗号隔开）两种。

二、关系词：1.关系代词：（1）that可指代人或物，从句中作主语、宾语和表语。作宾

语时可省，介词后不能用that、非限制性定语从句不能用that。(2)which指代事物或者主句内容,在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或者定语。作宾语时可省（但介词后的which不省）

（3）who指代人，在从句中作主语或者宾语，作宾语可省。（4）whom，指代人，在从句中常作宾语，可省（但是介词后的whom不省）。（5）whose可指代人或物，在从句中作定语（修饰名词且表示所属关系）。Whose和所修饰的名词一起往往在从句中作主语或者宾语。whose+n.=of which\whom+the+n.或者the+n.+of which\whom. （6）as，指代人、物或者主句内容，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。

as和which区别：

①As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，指代主句内容。

He married her, as/which was natural.

②as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前、之后或句中；which引导的非限制性定语从句常放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如、正像”的意思，which往往无词义。

As is known to all, China is a developing country.

Jim passed the driving test, ___surprised everybody in the office.

A.which

B. that

C. this

D. it

答案A 思考：如果逗号后加and,还能选which吗？

He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.

注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用which

Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.

③当先行词被such, the same,so,as等修饰时，常用as

I have never heard such a story as he tells.

This is the same book as I lost last week.

注意：当先行词由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同：

She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding.

她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。

She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。

2.关系副词

(1)when指时间，在从句中作时间状语. 注意：表示时间的“time"一词的定语从句有时不用任何关系词。By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks. I still remember the first time I met her.

(2) where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语

Shanghai is the city where I was born.

(3) why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语

Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.

注意：when\where可换成介词+关系代词,why可替换为for which.

From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.

The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear.

关系词有3个作用：1.引导定语从句。2.替代先行词。3.在定语从句中作成分。

三、考点定语从句考点

(一)判断关系代词与关系副词

用关系代词还是关系副词要分析从句的成分(主、宾、状、定)。从句缺主语、宾语、定语，表语须用关系代词；从句缺状语用关系副词。例如：

判断改错: This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （错）This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. （对）I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside. （对）

(二)（名词、数词、代词）+介词+which\whom

到底用什么介词一看意思二看搭配。

We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.

The picture, for which he paid $100000,was once owned by a king.

In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.

(三)先行词缺失或关系词省略

1.----Do you have anything to say for yourself?

----Yes, there’s one poi nt ____we must insist on.

A.why

B. where

C. how

D.\ 答案D

2.Is this factory____you once visited?

3.Is this the factory____you once visited?

A.that

B.when

C.where

D.the one 答案2.D 3.A

(四)分割式定语从句，即利用插入语（如I think、do you know\of course等）或句子其它成分把先行词和从句隔开。

1.----Is that the small town you often refer to?

----Right, just the one___ you know I used to work for years.

A. that .which C. where D. what 答案C you know是插入语，可省。后面缺状语。

2.It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year, ____for the first time in years their team won the world cup. A. that B. while C. which D. when 答案D (五)考查point\situation\position\degree\case\step\stage\business\occasion\age等表示抽象地点（前八个）或者时间（后两个），如果这些词后面的从句缺状语，定语从句用where或when引导。

1.We are just trying to reach a point ___both sides will sit down together and talk.

A. where

B. that

C. when

D. which

答案A 后面从句不缺主语、宾语，缺状语，point表示抽象地点。

2.If a shop has chairs____ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.

A. that

B. which

C. when

D. where 答案D

(六) way“方式、方法”的定语从句。先行词是way“方式、方法”，后面的定语从句缺主语、宾语或表语从句用that\which\---引导；如后面缺状语，用that\in which\---引导。

I don’t like the way____ he treats his mother.

A. that

B. which

C. where

D. when

答案A 后面的从句缺状语，也可以用in which或者不用关系词。

(七)区分定语从句、状语从句、同位语从句和强调句

1.---Mum, what did your doctor say?----He advised me to live____ the air is fresher.

A. which

B. in which

C. the place where

D. where

答案D，空格前的主句缺状语，后面是地点状语从句修饰动词live. 如果C项the前加in 也可以选，此时in the place作主句的状语，后面的where引导定语从句修饰先行词place. 2.His plan was such a good one___ we all agreed to accept it. A. so B. and C. that D. as

答案C 这是such---that引导的结果状语从句，such---that引导结果状语从句，that在从句中不作成分。如果句中没有it，则选D，先行词被such修饰，定语从句常用as引导，as作accept 的宾语。

3.Nobody believed his reason for being absent from class_____ he had to meet his uncle at the airport. A. why B. that C. where D. because

答案B 定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句对前面的名词作进一步解释，是补充说明的关系：

(1) The plane that has just taken off is for London. 定语从句

(2) The fact that he has been dead is clear. 同位语从句

(1)关系词在句中充当成分，有时可以省略；(2)的that在句中不做成分。

When\where等引导定语从句时，没有疑问意义；但它们引导名词性从句（含同位语从句）时，

when表示“什么时候”where表示“哪儿”。如果在前面的词和后面的句子之间加上be意思通顺，则肯定是同位语从句。

The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful.

在The idea 和we could ask the teacher for advice中间加is，意思是通顺的，这是同位语从句

4.It was on this farm____ they got to know and fell in love with each other.

A. where

B. when

C. that

D. which 这是一个强调句，答案C。

方法：强调句去掉it is\was---that\who,句子结构完整，句意通顺。

2008--2012年高考英语试题分类汇编--定语从句

(11全国I) 1. The prize will go to the writer _______story shows the most imagination.

A. that

B. which

C. whose

D. what

（11全国II）2. Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, ____ is a stupid thing to do in such weather. A. this B. that C. what D. which

（11北京）3. Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, _______, of course, make all the others upset. A. who B. which C. what D. that

(11上海) 4. You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station ____ you can hire to reach your host family.

A. which

B. where

C. when

D. as

（11山东）5.The old town has narrow streets and small houses _____are built close to each other.

A. they

B. where

C. what

D. that

（11江西）6. She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _____had taken more than three years.

A. for which

B. with which

C. of which

D. to which

（11江苏）7. Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _______ the audience can buy ice-cream.

A. when

B. where

C. that

D. which

（11安徽）8. Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, _____ it will keep for two or three weeks.

A. when

B. which

C. where

D. while

（11浙江）9. English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of ____ uses it somewhat differently.

A. which

B. what

C. them

D. those

（11浙江）10. A bank is the place ______ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. A. when B. that C. where D. there

（11福建）11. She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ____ allows them to communicate freely with each other. A. which B. where C. what D. who

（11四川）12. The school shop, _______customers are mainly students, is closed few the holidays.

A. which

B. whose

C. when

D. where

（11天津）13. The days are gone _______physical strength was all you needed to make a living.

A. when

B. that

C. where

D. which

（11陕西）14.I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, _____we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.

A. which

B. where

C. who

D. that

(11湖南)15.Julie was good at German, French and Russian , all of _______she spoke fluently.

A. who

B. whom

C. which

D. that

（12浙江）1..Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _____, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society. A. which B. who C. where D. whom

（12浙江）2. We live in an age more information is available with greater ease than ever before.

A. why

B. when

C. to whom

D. on which

（12江苏）3.After the flooding, people were suffering in that area,_______ urgently needed clean water,medicine and shelter to survive. A. which B. who C. where D. what

【2012重庆卷】29. Sales director is a position ______ communication ability is just as important as sales

A. which

B. that

C. when

D. where

【2012四川卷】13. In our class there are 46 students, _____ half wear glasses.

A. in whom

B. in them

C. of whom

D. of them

【2012陕西卷】14. It is the third time that she has won the race, ______ has surprised us all.

A. that

B. where

C. which

D. what

【2012北京卷】26. When deeply absorbed in work, ______ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping. A. that B. which C. where D. when

【2012全国II】8. That evening, _____ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.

A. that

B. which

C. what

D. when

【2012天津卷】7. I wish to thank Professor Smith, without_______help I would never have got this far.

A.W ho

B. whose

C. whom

D. which

2011年：1.C 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.D 6.C 7.A 8.C 9.A 10.C 11.A 12.B 13.A 14.B 15.C

2012年：1.【答案】B who引导非限定性定语从句，在从句中做主语，修饰先行词Ellen（人名）。Which 修行先行词是物的定语从句；whom修饰先行词为人，且在从句中做宾语；where修饰先行词是地点名词，且在从句中地点状语，均不符合语境，故排除。

2.【答案】B when引导定义从句，在从句中做时间状语，修饰先行词an age（时代）. 此处的when=at which。

3.【答案】B 指人的先行词people在非限制性定语从句中充当主语，所以用关系代词who引导。

（安徽29）【答案】A (江西28) 【答案】A （湖南34）【答案】D

（重庆29）【答案】D “position”为先行词，后面是其定语从句，关系词在从句中作的是地点状语，因此，应该使用关系副词“where”来引导定语从句。因此，正确答案为D选项。

（四川13）【答案】C 本题考查定语从句。前后两句话之间无连词，故不能用人称代词them

而应用关系代词whom引导定语从句；在46个学生当中，表所属，应用of。故答案选C。

（陕西14）【答案】C 考查定语从句。所填词前有逗号，是非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句，关系词在从句中做主语，选C。其余选项与题干不符。

（北京26）【答案】B。非限制性定语从句，which作表语。

（全国II 8）【答案】B 这里that evening是先行词，其在定语从句中作介词about的宾语，所以用which。句意：以后我将和你谈起的那个晚上，我工作到了很晚。

（天津7）【答案】B

五、it的用法

it的常见用法有以下几类：

一、it作为代词可用于指替上文中提到的那一个事物、一件事，不知情的人（不知身份、性别和姓名的人），表示时间、天气、距离、计算结果等。

1.He failed in the match, and it worried him. （并列句）

2.He failed in the match. It worried him. （两个简单句）

it, one, ones,that,those都可作替代词，区别：one用来代替上文的某个单数可数名词，是同类异物，泛指,既可指人，也可指物,one=a\an + n. 其复数形式为ones。it代替上文提到的特指的单数名词，和前面的单数名词指的是同一个,it=the + n.。that指上文出现的东西或情况（不能指人，但定语从句中例外），以避免重复，指代不可数或者可数名词，其后往往有定语（如in, of短语等）修饰。其复数形式为those。

eg. “Why don’t we take a little break?” “Didn’t we just have____?”

A. it

B. that

C. one

D. this

答案C。one是泛指某一次休息，并非上文提到的休息。

I’m moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than______ in the city.

A. one

B. it

C. that

D. those

答案C. that替代the air, that后带有in the city作定语。

二、it可用于代替不定式、动名词、从句等,

①充当形式主语：

It is /was + adj./ n. /-ed+(for\of sb.)---to do/ doing/ that-clause

It’s careless of you to forget bringing your workbook.

It’s important for us to read English aloud in t he morning.

It is well-known to us that the earth is round.

It is a shame that he gave up his hopes.

It’s(just) (un)like sb. to do sth. (不)像某人做事的风格。

②充当形式宾语：

S.+ vt.+ it + adj./ n.+ to do / doing / n. / that-clause

I find\think it + adj./ n.+ to do / doing / n. / that-clause

I like\love\hate \dislike \prefer\enjoy\appreciate\discuss\take\owe\have\take for granted\ see to it when/if….

I’ll appreciate it if you write back soon.

三、it可用于构成强调句，把一个句子中除谓语以外的句子成分（如主语、宾语、表语、状语等）加以强调。

1.结构：陈述句：It is (was) + 被强调成分+ that/who+句子的其它成分

一般疑问句：Is\was it被强调成分+ that/who+句子的其它成分?

特殊疑问句：疑问词+is\was it that\who+句子的其它成分?

对not until强调：It is\was not until+时间状语（从句）+that句子的其它成分

对原因状语强调：It is\was because (of)+原因状语（从句）+that句子的其它成分

eg. I really don’t know ____I had my money stolen.

A. when was it that

B. that it was when

C. where it was that

D. it was where that

答案C know后面是强调句的特殊疑问句。假设“是在街上我的钱被偷了”用强调句应为：It was in the street that I had my money stolen. 再对in the street提问就成了：Where was it that I had my money stolen.这句话作了know的宾语从句，要用陈述语序。

2.判断是否是强调句：

1.It was 8 o’clock when Tom came back.

2.It was at 8 o’clock that Tom came back.

3.It is the house where Tom’s uncle lives.

4.It is in the house that Tom’s uncle lives.

5.It is a fact that German team has lost the game by one score.

6.It is the fact that has made us pleased.

7.It was two years ago that I began to learn English.

1句是when引导时间状语从句。2句是强调句。3句是where引导定语从句。4句是强调句。5句意为“事实是德国队以一分之差输了这场比赛”，that后面的句子解释说明fact的内容，是同位语从句。6、7句是强调句。

方法：把it is\was---that\who去掉后，重新排列一下句子（有时不必，如2、6句），如果结构完整、句意通顺就是强调句。

四、it常用于一些固定结构中，作无人称代词用，充当主语等。

1.It is\has been\was+一段时间+since-clause.自从---到现在有多久了。如从句动词是延续性动词，时间应从该动作结束算起。注意时态：主句用is\has been，从句常用过去式；主句用was，从句常用过去完成时。

It’s years since I enjoyed myself so much.有好几年我没有这么开心了。

It is two years since I began to learn English.我学英语已经有两年了。

我是在两年前开始学的英语。

2.It was\will be+一段时间+before-clause.过多久就\会---

注意时态:主句用was，从句常用过去式；主句用will be，从句常用一般现在时。

It won’t be long before he comes back. 不久他就会回来。

It was two years before he came back from abroad.两年后他就回国了。

此句型可演变为：

⑴It wasn’t long before-clause 不久以后就---

⑵It won’t be long before-clause 不久就会---

It won't be long before he hits the road.他不久就会出发了。

3.It is no use/good/a waste of time(money\energy\words)---+ doing sth.做某事没有用处\好处\浪费时间(金钱、精力、口舌)。但是也可以说：也可以：There’s no use doi ng sth.做某事没有用处。There’s no point (in)doing sth. 做某事没有意义。It’s a wonder that--- ---让人惊奇。注意：There is no need to do sth. 没有必要做某事。

There is no doubt that clause. ---是没有疑问的。

There is no doubt bout it 关于---是没有疑问的。

4.It\This\That is\will be\was the first/second/third---time\day\month---+（that）clause.做某事是第几次\天\月。

注意时态：主句用is\will be,从句常用现在完成时；主句用was,从句常用过去完成时。

It’s the third time that he has failed the driving test.他驾驶考试没通过是第三次了。

5.It was +时间+when+状语从句

It was 3 o’clock when he left. 他离开的时候是三点。

6．It’s (about\high) time that sb. should do sth.是某人该做某事的时候了（而没有做）should 不能省。

It’s high time that we should take action to protect the water resources.是我们采取措施保护水资源的时候了。

7.It is up to sb. to do sth.应由某人做某事。

It’s up to us to give them all the help we can.

8.It’s(well)worth(worthwhile)\useless doing sth.做某事是值得的\无用的。

9.see to it that-clause.务必、保证使….

2008-2012年高考英语试题分类汇编it的用法

（11山东）1.The two girls are so alike that strangers find ______ difficult to tell one from the other.

A. it

B. them

C. her

D. that

（11江西）2. Why don’t you bring ______ to his attention that you are too ill to work on?

A. that

B. it

C. his

D. him

（11天津）3. We feel ______ our duty to make our country a better place.

A. it

B. this

C. that

D. one

（11重庆）4.—Have you seen the film Under the Hawthorn Tree?

—Of course,I have.It was in our village_____it was made.

A.that

B.where

C.when

D.which

(11四川) 5. Was it on a lonely island____he was saved one month after the boat went down?

A.where

B.that

C.which

D.what

(11湖南) 6. It’s not what we do once in a while_____shapes our lives,but what we do consistently.

A.which

B.that

C.how

D.when

(I1陕西) 7. It’s not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do_____benefits our work most. A.who B.which C.that D.what

(11上海) 8.It doesn’t matter if they want to come to your party,_____?

A.doesn’t it

B.does it

C.don’t they

D.do they

（12湖南）1.It was not until I came here_____I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather. A.who B.that C.where D.before

(12陕西) 2.No matter where he is,he makes_____a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.

A.him

B.this

C.that

D.it

(12四川) 3. New technoloies have made______possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.

A.that

B.this

C.one

D.it

(12重庆) 4.it was 80 years before Christophere Columbus crossed the Atlantic______Zheng He had sailed to East Africa. A.when B.that C.after D.since

参考答案：

2011年答案：1.A 2.B 3.A 4.A 5.B 6.B 7.C 8.B

2012年答案：1.B 2.D 3.D 4.B

六、倒装

一、英语中基本的词序通常都是主语在谓语动词的前面，宾语、表语和补语在谓语动词的后面。但有时可以改变这种正常词序，把谓语放在主语的前面，这叫倒装。如果将谓语动词全部移到主语的前面，叫做完全倒装；如果只是把助动词或情态动词放在主语的前面，就叫部分倒装。

There goes the bell.铃声响了。（全倒装）

Never have I seen such a moving film before.我以前从没看过这样一部感人的电影。（部分倒装）二、倒装的口诀：

倒装其实很好记，记住“闹事”（NAO SHI）就可以。

说明：NAO SHI中的六个字母代表六种情况。

1. N代表否定词。当否定词(短语)置于句子开头时，句子要用部分倒装。有no, not, little, few, seldom, never, not until, not only, neither, nor, hardly, rarely, scarcely ,no sooner，in no case(way)=by no means=on no condition等词。如：

Little does he know about it.

I have never been there, and neither has he.我从没去过那儿，他也一样没有。

Neither has he called on her, nor will he do so.他没有去拜访她，也不会这样做。

Hardly\Scarcely had he arrived there when it began to rain.他一到这儿，天就开始下雨。

Not only can he speak English, but also he can write articles in English.

注意but also后的句子不倒装。

2. A代表as，as“尽管、虽然”引导让步状语从句放主句前时，要把作表语的形容词或名词,作状语的副词，作谓语的动词放在从句句首。though引导的让步状语从句可倒可不倒。如：Hard as he t ried, he didn’t pass the test. 虽然他努力了，他没有通过考试。

Child as he is, he knows a lot. 虽然他是个孩子，他知道很多。

当作表语的单数可数名词倒装放到句首时，该名词不加冠词。

3. O代表only，only+状语（从句）置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。如：

Only in a strange place did he realize how good his home is.

Only when you grow up will you understand me.只有当你长大了，你才会理解我。

如果only后面接的是状语从句，从句不倒，主句才倒，如上句。

4. S代表so和such，当“so…that..”和“such…that…”结构中的so和such位于句首或so表示“也一样”的时候，句子用部分倒装。如：

So clever a boy is he that he can work out such a problem in a short time.

他是如此聪明的一个男孩以至于他能在短时间内算出这样一道难题。

Such a lovely day is it that we want to go out for a picnic.

He has learned to send e-mails. So have I.我也一样。

5. H代表以here为首的表地点、方位等的词或词组。这样的词有：here、there、now、then、under、in、out，off、away、up、down、back、in the room、on the wall等放在句首时，句子要用全部倒装，即把整个谓语动词提前。

Down fell some apples. 一些苹果掉下来了。On top of the hill stands a tree.

不过，对于全部倒装的情况来说，当主语是人称代词时，主谓不倒装。如：

Here it comes. In he came.

6. I代表if。If引导虚拟条件句时，如把if省略，要用部分倒装。如：

Were I you, I would go there with him. (=If I were you, I would go there with him.)

如果我是你，我会和他一起去那儿。

Had he come earlier, he would have met Sharon.（=If he had come earlier, he would have met Sharon.）

如果他来早点，他就能见上Sharon

三、其他倒装的情况

1.表语置于句首时,为保持句子平衡或强调表语用倒装。

①such are the facts, no one can deny them.事实就是这样，没有人能否认。

②Seated on the ground are a group of young men playing cards..

一群人坐在地上打牌。

2.表祝愿。May you succeed! 祝你成功。

3.No matter how/However + adj./adv.+主语+ 谓语。

No matter how /However late it is, she often waits for him. (late本来在is后面)

无论有多迟，她经常等他。

①However many difficulties you meet with, you should try to overcome them.

无论你遇到多少困难，你应该尽力克服它们。however是副词，修饰形容词many.

②Whatever difficulties you meet with, you should try to overcome them.

无论你遇到什么困难，你应该尽力克服它们。whatever是形容词（也是代词），修饰名词difficulties.

4. the more---the more---表示“越----越---”。

The more you listen to English, the easier it becomes.

5.直接引语的部分或全部放在句首时，有时用倒装。

“Let me go on with the operation.” said one of the doctors.

2008--2012年高考英语试题分类汇编——倒装

(11湖南) 1. Only after they had discussed the matter for a few hours _______a decision

A. they reached

B. did they reach

C. they reach

D. do they reach

(11全国I) 2. Only when he reached the tea-house ______it was the same place he’d been in last year.

A. he realized

B. he did realize

C. realized he

D.did he realize

(11福建）3.-It’s nice. Never before____ such a special drink! -I’m glad you like it.

A.I have had

B. I had

C. have I had

D. had I

(11全国I) 4. Try____ she might, Sue couldn’t get the door open.

A. if

B. when

C. sine

D. as

(12江西)1.Never before seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert.

A．had she B．she had C．has she D．she has

(12浙江)2.Had they known what was coming next, they________ second thoughts.

A. may have

B. could have

C. must have had

D. might have had

(12重庆）3. The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, nor______ it a thought.

A. does he even given

B. he even gives

C. will he even give

D. he will even given

(12辽宁）4. Not until he retired from teaching three years ago having a holiday abroad.

A. he had considered

B. had he considered

C. he considered

D. did he consider

(12四川）5. This is not my story, nor ______ the whole story. My story plays out differently.

A. is there

B. there is

C. is it

D. it is

(12天津）6. Only after Mary read her composition the second time_______the spelling mistake.

A.d id she notice

B. she noticed

C. does she notice

D. she has noticed

11年答案：1.B 2.D 3.C 4.D

12答案：

1.答案：C解析：句首有关键词Never，否定词提前到句首，句子部分倒装。排除B,D。再根据句子时态，应用现在完成时，故选C。

2.答案：D考查虚拟语气中的情态动词。本句是一个倒装句，可还原为：if they had known what was coming next, they might have had second thought。根据had known提示，可知是与过去事实相反，因此虚拟语气主句中应该用would/might +have done，由此可见答案D符合语境。

3.答案：C 空白处前为否定词“nor”位于句首，句子应该使用部分倒装结构，而且根据语境空白处应使用一般将来时，C选项符合题意。

4.答案：D Not until位于句首时句子要倒装，consider having a holiday abroad这个动作发生在retire之后，所以用一般过去时。

5.答案：C 本题考查倒装句。nor位于句首引起部分倒装，排除B、D；再根据句意“这并不是（关于）我的故事，它也不是故事的全部。我的故事的结局不同。”选代词it。故答案选C。

6.答案：A

(12山东)31.C

七、情态动词

情态动词主要有can/could, may/might, must/have to, should/ought to, shall, will/would, 等。考点：1.情态动词的基本含义和基本用法（否定回答，反意疑问句）；2.情态动词表推测用法：①情态动词+动词原形表示对现在或将来的推测②情态动词+be doing对正在发生的动作或状态的推测；③情态动词+have done表示对过去动作或状态的推测；或可表示对过去某事的一种抱怨、遗憾等。

一、can\could

1.表示一般性的能力或即将能做某事。can指现在的能力、could指过去的能力。

I could swim when I was six.

2.表示请求(could 比can委婉)或客观条件允许。

---Could I come here tomorrow？---Yes，you can.\No, I’m afraid not.

The plane can take off now.

3.can在肯定句中表示理论上的可能性，并不牵涉到事情是否会发生。

be able to表示确实发生了（强调结果）。

Even an experienced teacher can make mistakes.

The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out.

4.can表示推测，用于否定，疑问，感叹句中。

He can’t be playing basketball now. Can this be true?

can have done（常用于否定、疑问、感叹句中）/could have done(无限制)表示对过去的推测：He can’t\couldn’t have finished the job in such a short time.他不可能在这么短的时间内完成这个工作。Where can\could he have gone?他可能去哪儿了？

could have done还可表示过去本可以做某事但没有做（抱怨或遗憾）：We could have gone there on foot. A taxi wasn’t necessary at all.

5. 表达“怎么…也不过分”,“ 越….越好”：can’t\never + v.+ too + adj.\adv.=can’t + v.+ too much\ enough=can never + v.+ enough: You can never be too careful to cross the road.

can’t but do … 不得不\只好…I can’t but admire your decision.

can’t help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事can’t help（to）do sth.不能帮忙做某事

二、may\might

1.表示征求对方意见或允许。

May I ask you a question? You may stay here as long as you please.

2.may\might表示推测“也许、可能”(常用于肯定句、否定句)：He may be very busy now. may\might have done(常用于肯定句、否定句)过去也许做了某事：He may\might have arrived here by now. might have done过去可能发生而实际没发生的事：That was too dangerous. You might have killed yourself.

3.may +主语do表示祝愿：May your dreams come true.

may/might well do = be very likely to do可能做----

may\might as well do=had better do最好做----

三、must\have to must 表主观have to表客观You will have to wash your own clothes when you join the army.

1.Must I-----? Yes, you must\No, you needn’t(don’t have to).

mustn’t 表示绝对禁止。You mustn’t smoke here.

2. must表“偏偏、一定要”的意思。Naturally, after I told her what to do, my daughter must go and do the opposite!

3.表示必须的结果：All men must die.

4.肯定句中表示推测，（否定句或疑问句用can\could)

He must know my address. 他肯定知道我的地址。（一定）

He can’t know my address. 他肯定不知道我的地址。（一定不）

must have done过去一定做了------（肯定句中）

He must be doing his exercises in the classroom.（正在进行）他一定在教室里做练习。

He must have finished the work，hasn’t he?

He must have finished the work yesterday, didn’t he?

He must have been a fool at that time, wasn’t he?

四、should\ought to

1.表示责任、义务、劝告、建议、命令等“应该”：should 侧重主观看法；ought to反映客观情况，在谈到法律、义务和规定时使用：We should\ought to help each other.

2表示说话者根据一定的依据进行推测，常译为“按道理说应该---”：

----When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.----They should be ready by 12:00.

3.多用于疑问句，表示惊讶“竟然\怎么会”：Should she do such a thing?

4.should\ought to have done表示过去本应该做某事但没做（抱怨或遗憾）：He should n’t have forgotten my birthday. He didn’t bring me any gifts!

5.表示谦逊的口气，用于提出建议、请求。I should advise you to say less and do more.我想劝你少说多做。

五、need 1.作情态动词，常用于否定、疑问句，后接动词原形：He needn’t pay for it.

We need to help him.(实义动词)→We don’t need to help him.

---Need I get there this afternoon?---Yes, you must\ No, you needn’t(don’t have to).

2.needn’t have done过去不必做某事但做了（抱怨或遗憾）

六、shall除了用于一人称表示将来外,还有：

1..用于一三人称征求对方意见：Shall we have a break?

2.用于二三人称的陈述句表示命令、警告、允诺、威胁，规定等：He shall have the book when

I finish reading.

3.各种人称表示规章、法令(律)、预言等“必须”：Each competitor shall wear a number.

七、will\would除了表示将来时间（will表示一般将来、would表示过去将来）外,还有:

1..表示主观意愿（各种人称）:Do what you will(do). She said she would take care of the child.

2.表示经常性、习惯性的动作“总是”：Oil will float on water. The door won’t ope n. He would sit near the fire for hours on winter evenings (would表示过去的习惯，可能现在还这样；used to 表示过去常常做某事，现在不做了)

3.用于第二人称的疑问句表请求：-----would you please give me a piece of paper?---Yes, I will.

4.表示命令、允诺：You’ll report to me afterwards.随后必须向我报告。

5.表示能力、功能：The bottle will hold a kilo of milk.

6.祈使句的反义疑问句：Don’t go now,will\would you?

7. would have done 过去会\愿意做---（但没做）。

八、must\can\may都可用来表推测，但：

must表推测仅用于肯定句，“必然，必定是”，语气最强；

can 表推测用于否定句和疑问句，不用于肯定句，“可能“，语气较强；

could表推测无限制，语气比can弱；

may\might 表推测用于肯定句和否定句，不用于疑问句，“也许，大概”语气较弱。

情态动词两特点:

动词原形接后面，说话语气随词变。

can能力may许可，must责任或义务。否定回答needn’t换，需要need,dare敢。should应该，will(would)愿，have to 被迫表客观。

2008--2012年高考英语试题分类汇编——情态动词

（11全国II）1.If you ______smoke, please go outside.

A. can

B. should

C. must

D. may

（11北京）2. —I don’t really like James. Why did you invite him?

—Don’t worry. He _____come. He said he wasn’t certain what his plans were.

A. must not

B. need not

C. would not

D. might not

(11上海) 3.I _____ worry about my weekend—I always have my plans ready before it comes.

A. can’t

B. mustn’t

C. daren’t

D. needn’t

（11江西）4.It _____be the postman at the door. It’s only six o’clock.

A. mustn’t

B. can’t

C. won’t

D. needn’t

（11江苏）5.—I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to the railway officials.

—How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone______it.

A. will have stolen

B. might have stolen

C. should have stolen

D. must have stolen

（11浙江）6.—How’s your new babysitter? —We _____ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much.

A. should

B. might

C. mustn’t

D. couldn’t

（11福建）7.—Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?

—I am afraid you _____ , in case he comes late for the meeting.

A.will

B.must

C.may

D.can

（11四川）8. The police still haven’t found the lost child, but they’re doing all they______. .

A. can

B. may

C. must

D. should

（11辽宁）9. If you ____go, at least wait until the storm is over.

A. can

B. may

C. must

D. will

（11陕西）10.—Will you read me a story ,Mummy?

—OK. You______have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.

A. might

B. must

C. could

D. shall

（11重庆）11.—Why didn’t you come to Simon’s party last night?

— I want to, but my mom simply _______not let me out so late at night.

A. could

B. might

C. would

D. should

(11湖南)12.—No one _____be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball.

—Oh, you are really his big fan.

A. can

B. need

C. must

D. might

【12江西】1.We have bought so much food now that Suzie won’t be with us for dinner.

A．may not B．needn’t C．can’t D．mustn’t

【12重庆】2.—____you interrupt now? Can’t you see I’m on the phone?—Sor ry Sir, but it’s urgent.

A. Can

B. Should

C. Must

D. Would

【12辽宁】3. One of our rules is that every student wear school uniform while at school.

A. might

B. could

C. shall

D. will

【12四川】4. I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese, and I said “Ni Hao ” just as I ____do in China.

A. must

B. might

C. can

D. should

【12陕西】5. I______thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.

A. won’t

B. can’t

C. can

D. will

【12全国II】6. I’m going to Europe on vacation together with John if I ______find the money.

A. can

B. might

C. would

D. need

【12天津】7.It’s quite warm here; we ______turn the heating on yet.

A.c ouldn’t

B. mustn’t

C. needn’t

D. wouldn’t

【12全国新课程】8. I use a clock to wake me up because at six o'clock each morning the train comes by my house. A. couldn't B. mustn't C.shouldn't D. needn't

【12江苏】9. — Happy birthday!—Thank you! It’s the best present I___for.

A. should have wished

B. must have wished

C. may have wished

D. could have wished

【12江苏】10.Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, but_____say where he was.

A. mustn't

B. shouldn't

C. wouldn't

D. mightn't

11年答案：1.C 2.D 3.D 4.B 5.B 6.D 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.D 11.C 12.A

12年答案：

1.【答案】B may not不可以，needn’t不需要，can't不可能，mustn't绝不可能本句句意为：既然Suzie 不和我们一起吃晚饭，所以我们就不需要买这么多食物。

2.【答案】C句意：“你现在偏要打断我吗？难道你不能看到我在打电话吗？——对不起，先生，事情很急。”根据语境结合选项的词义，C选项符合题意。因此，正确答案为C选项。

3.【答案】C shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。这儿是说根据学校规定学生在校时都必须要穿校服。

4.【答案】B 本题考查情态动词。句意为：我靠他们足够的近以听见他们说汉语，而且我会像我在中国可能做的那样说“你好”。might表示“可能”。故选B。

5.【答案】B 考查情态动词。所填情态动词与too 构成固定句型can’t/couldn’t …too…，意思是：再……都不为过。

6.【答案】A此处考查了can的本意“能”，表示“能力”。句意：我要和John一起去欧洲度假，如果我能找到钱。

7.【答案】C

8.【答案】D此处考查情态动词，needn’t+动词原形表示：没有必要做某事。句意：我没有必要用闹钟唤醒我，因为每天早上6点火车都经过我的房子。

9.【答案】情态动词+完成式A项意为“本应该做某事但并非如此。B项意为“一定希望”；C项意为“也许希望”；D项意为“可能希望”。句意为：——生日快乐！——谢谢你！这是我所能期望的最好的礼物了。10.【答案】C mustn’t意为“禁止”；shouldn’t意为“不应该”；wouldn’t意为“不愿意”；mightn’t意为“或许不”。句意为：几天后，我哥哥打电话说他一切很好，但不愿意说他在哪儿。根据句意可知，应选C项。

八、主谓一致

主谓一致主要有三个原则：1.语法一致原则，即主语是单数，谓语也用单数；主语是复数，谓语也用复数。2.意义一致原则：即有时主语形式上是单数，但意义上却是复数，那么谓语也用复数形式；而有时主语形式上是复数，但意义上却是单数，那么谓语也用单数。3.就近或就远原则。

主谓一致“黄金十八条”：

(一) 如果主语是不可数名词,动名词,不定式或从句的时候,谓语动词用单数；单复同形的名词：deer, fish, means, species, works, sheep, series等根据上下文的意义以及修饰这些词的词来确定单复数。

Smoking is not a good habit. To live happily needs a lot of things.

What I said is true. Every means has been tried.

(二) 如果由and连接的两个做主语的单数名词指的是同一个人或物的时候,用单数动词.

The singer and songwriter is dead.

The science and technology plays an important part in China.

Bread and butter(=buttered bread) is a good food for patients.

“War and Peace” is the best book I have ever read.

如果由and连接的两个或更多的主语之前有each, every, many a/an, no的时候用单数名词.

Every boy and girl in the class works very hard.

Each minute and second is valuable to us.

(三) A+ with , along with, together with, besides, as well as, but, except, no less than, rather than

新编实用英语综合教程1 第一版 课后答案

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