高考阅读理解——主旨大意题专练

2011届英语阅读理解专练

主旨大意题

A.设题方式

①.考查文章的中心思想

The main idea/key point of this passage is that_____.

The passage is mainly about __.

From the passage we can learn/conclude that_________.

Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage? ②.考查文章标题的选择

The best title/headline for this passage is_________.

Which of the following is the best title?

What would be the best title for the text?

The title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is_________.

③.考查作者的写作态度和意图

What is the author?s main purpose in this passage?

The writer?s purpose in writing this story is____.

In the passage the author wants to tell___.

The writer?s attitude toward ... is___.

B.干扰项特点

①. 以偏概全。干扰项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，也就是文章的局部信息。

②.断章取义。干扰项常常以文章中的个别信息或个别字眼作为选项的设置内容，或者以次要的事实或细节冒充全文的主要观点。

③.主题扩大。干扰项所归纳、概括的范围过大，超过文章实际所讨论的内容。

④. 张冠李戴。命题者有意地把属于A的特征放在B的身上，构成一个干扰项。考生不注意的情况下，会造成错选答案。

⑤. 无中生有或似是而非。有的干扰项中的关键词语好像在文章中谈到了，但认真分析之后你会发现这类干扰项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系。

C.解题指导

1.分清主次，抓住主干，找出主题句。

主题句是归纳表达文章中心思想的句子,它的出现有四种情况:

1）主题句在开头?主题句出现在段落或文章的开头部分,起着开宗明义?点明主题的作用,它可以使读者一开始就明白文章所讲的内容主旨?而支撑句则使用一些具体的人、物、数字或具体的步骤来阐述或论证主题，常伴有for example\ i.e. \that is \first\ second \ finally \once \another time \for one thing 等词。

2）主题句在结尾?用归纳法写的文章,其结构是表述细节的句子放在前面,概述性的句子放在后面,并以此而结尾,所以结尾的句子起着总结归纳?画龙点睛的作用，多伴有so \therefore\thus \in short\ as a result\that is why 等词。

3）考生可以快速浏览每段首尾两句来确定每段的主题句，从而确定文章的主题句。

【考例分析1】Every day we experience one of the wonders of the world around us without even realizing it. It is not the amazing complexity of television. Nor the impressive technology of transport. The universal wonder we share and experience is our ability to make noises with our mouths, and so transmit ideas and thoughts to each other…s minds. This ability comes so naturally that we tend to f orget what a miracle（奇迹）it is.

75. This passage is mainly about_________. （2010·江西卷·E -节选自文章第一段）

A. the development of body language

B. the special role humans play in nature

C. the power to convey information to others

D. the difference between humans and animals in language use

【考例分析2】My few minutes with Mr. Galbreath changed my life. Now I try to treat everyone with respect, no matter who I think they are, and no matter another human being with kindness and sincerity.

59. What is the message mainly expressed in the story? （2010年重庆卷A篇-节选自文章最后一段）

A. We should learn to be generous.

B. It is honorable to help those in need.

C. People in high positions are not like what we expect.

D. We should avoid judging people by their appearances.

【考例分析3】We of ten don?t remember things as well when we?re trying to manage several details at the same time. Without mental focus, we may not pay enough attention to new information coming in, so it never makes it into our memory stores. That is one of the main reasons we forget people?s names---even sometimes right after they have introduced themselves. Multitasking can also affect our relationships. If someone checks their e-mail while on the phone with a friend, they may come off as

absent-minded or disinterested. It can also cause that person to miss or overlook key information being passed on to them.

52. What is the main idea of the passage? （2010年浙江卷C篇-节选自文章最后一段）

A. Multitasking has become a way of life.

B. Multitasking often leads to efficiency decline.

C. Multitasking exercises need to be improved.

D. Multitasking enables people to remember things better.

4）值得注意的是:有些文章和段落无明显的主题句,只是暗示性地体现主题?这就要求考生在阅读过程中,根据文章中所叙述的事实或提供的线索来概括和总结文章的大意?

2.理清层次关系,，选出最佳标题

标题是文章中心思想的精练表达,多为一个名词词组，短小明了,函盖性强?做这类题目时,要在阅读全文的基础上,把握好层次关系。注意选项的归纳范围要恰如其分,干扰项往往是局部信息，是某一小节或文章里的某一句。所以我们在解题时要反复推敲，把概括范围过窄或过宽的选项过滤掉。

【考例分析4】When you?re lying on the white sands of the Mexican Riviera, the stresses(压力) of the world seem a million miles away. Hey, stop! This is no vacation-you have to finish something!

49. What would be the best title for the text? （2010年全国卷II B篇-节选自文章第一段）

A．Adventures in Travel Writing B．Working as a Food Critic

C．Travel Guides on the Market D．Vacationing for a Living

【考例分析5】Too much TV-watching can harm children?s ability to learn and even reduce their chances of getting a college degree, new studies suggest in the latest effort to examine the effects of television on children.

67. What would be the best title for this text? （2010年辽宁卷C篇-节选自文章第一段）

A. Computers or Television

B. Effects of Television on Children

C. Studies on TV and College Education

D. Television and Children's Learning Habits

【考例分析6】To err is human. To blame the other guy is even more human.

Common sense is not all that common.

Why tell the truth when you can come up with a good excuse?

These three popular misquotes(戏谑的引语)are meant to be jokes, and yet they tell us a lot about human nature . To err, or to make mistakes, is indeed a part of being human, but it seems that most people don?t want to accept the responsibility for the problem. Perhaps it is the natural thing to do. The original quote about human nature went like this:” To err is human, to forgive, divine(神圣的). ”This saying mirrors an ideal: people should be forgiving of others? mistakes. Instead, we tend to do the opposite –find someone else to pass the blame on to. However, taking responsibility for something that went wrong is a making of great maturity.

55. What would be the best title for his passage? （2010年天津卷D篇-节选自文章第一部分）

A. A Mirror of Human Nature

B. To Blame or to Forgive

C. A Mark of Maturity

D. Truth or Excuse

3.抓住关键词，判断作者意图

作者在描述事实或传递信息时,不管他的意图是什么,其观点和态度都不可避免地在文章中反映出来?常见的涉及到作者态度的词有褒义类词（approving, positive, optimistic,等），贬义类词(critical, pessimistic, doubtful, questioning)和中性类词(indifferent, serious, objective, concerned, neutral)。这就要求考生在阅读时应特别注意文章的措辞,尤其注意那些表达感情色彩的形容词如improving, encouraging, disappointing, fail, ignore等，以及作者对人物语言?行为和思想的描写,从中领悟作者的写作意图和态度?

【考例分析7】The world of make-believe is not necessarily bad. But when the world of fantasy becomes the only outlet(出路) for our sense of wonder, then we are really missing something. We are missing a connection with the living world. Other wonderful worlds exist all around us. But even more interesting is that if we look closely enough, we can see that these worlds, in a broad sense, are really part of our own. （2010年重庆卷E篇-节选自文章第一段）

75. What is the main purpose of the passage?

A. To show us the hidden beauty in our world.

B. To warn us not to get lost in the fantasy world.

C. To argue against the misuse of the sense of wonder.

D. To discuss the influence of the world of make-believe.

4.小结：总之，主旨大意类题虽然综合性强，对考生的能力要求较高，但只要我们掌握了一定的解题技巧，在读懂读透文章的基础上，仔细对比四个备选项之间的内涵与外延之间的差异，定能准确地找出正确答案。

在高考阅读理解中，主题概括类试题的考查占有十分重要的位置。掌握所读材料的主旨和大意也是《英语课程标准》和《考试说明》对考生的基本要求之一。只有通过阅读掌握了文章的主题，才能正确理解文章，进而根据文章的事实细节推测作者的态度和观点。

主旨大意题主要考查学生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力。根据多年的备考及高考实践，这类题目考察的范围是：基本论点、文章标题、主题或段落大意等。它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法，对文章进行高度概括或总结，属于高层次题。

选择“主题”旨在考查考生是否掌握了所读文章的主要内容或主旨，通常用词、短语或句子来概括。常见的提问方式有：

1. What is the main / general idea of this text?

2. What is mainly discussed in this passage?

3. What is the text mainly about?

4. This text mainly tells us ________.

5. This passage mainly deals with _________.

6. The main idea of this passage may be best expressed as_________.

选择“标题”则是让考生给所读的文章选择一个合适的标题。通常标题由一个名词或名词短语充当，用词简短、精练。常见的提问方式有：

1. What would be the best title for the text?

2. Which of the following is the best / most suitable title for this text?

3. The best / most suitable title for this text would be ________.

4. The topic of this passage is _________.

不管是选择“主题”还是选择“标题”，实质上都是要求考生从整体上理解语篇内容，找出贯穿语篇的主线；不管是何种体裁的文章，总是围绕一个主题来展开的。在试题设计上，3个干扰项内容一般在文章里或多或少都有涉及，但并非主要内容，需要注意甄别。

下面具体分析此类题目的解题技巧：

一、段落及文章整体的主题大意的理解

解这类试题应根据以下几个步骤，掌握此类题的解题技巧：

1. 寻找主题句，确定文章主题

在许多情况下，尤其在阅读说明文和议论文时，根据其篇章特点我们可以通过寻找短文的主题句来归纳出文章的主题。主题句在文章中的位置通常有三种情况：开头、中间、结尾（含在开头结尾同时出现、首尾呼应的主题句）。因此仔细阅读这类文章或段落的首尾句是关键。做主题概括类试题多采用浏览法(skimming)，一般不需逐句阅读，只需选读文章的首段、尾段或每段的首句和尾

句，重点搜索主题线索和主题信息。主题句呈现的形式有：

1）文首开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来解释、支持或发展主题句所表达的主题思想。即演绎法写作方式。如：

Something in chocolate could be used to stop coughs and lead to more effective medicines, say UK researchers.

Their study found that theobromine, found in cocoa, was nearly a third more effective in stopping coughs than codeine, which was considered the best cough medicine at present.

The Imperial College London researchers who published their results online said the discovery could lead to more effective cough treatment. “While coughing is not necessarily harmful (有害的) it can have a major effect on the quality of life, and this discovery could be a huge step forward in treating this problem,” said Professor Peter Barnes.

Ten healthy volunteers (志愿者) were given theobromine, codeine or placebo, a pill that contains no medicine, during the experiment. Neither the volunteers nor the researchers knew who received which pill. The researchers then measured levels of capsaicin, which is used in research to cause coughing and as a sign of how well the medicine is stopping coughs.

The team found that, when the volunteers were given theobromine, the capsaicin needed to produce a cough was around a third higher than in the placebo group. When they were given codeine they need only slightly higher levels of capsaicin to cause a cough compared with the placebo.

The researchers said that theobromine worked by keeping down a nerve activity (神经活动), which causes coughing. They also found that unlike some standard cough treatments, theobromine caused no side effects such as sleepiness.

(2008 全国卷II D篇)

a. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

A. Codeine: A New Medicine

B. Chocolate May Cure Coughs

C. Cough Treatment: A Hard Case B. Theobromine Can Cause Coughs

2) 文尾归纳要点，提出建议，以概括主题。即归纳法写作方式。如：

A human body appears to be rather soft and delicate, compared with that of a wild animal, but it is actually surprisingly strong. In deed, its very softness and looseness is an advantage; it makes a man good at moving about movement of all living things of his own size, because he can do so many different things with his limbs. Man?s games show how he can control his own body. No other land creature can swim as skillfully as man; none has such varied grace; very few live as long as he; none is so strong in its natural resistance to disease. Therefore man has a great advantage in his battle against the risks of damage and death that threaten him. 3)文中。通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出，而后又作进一步的解释、支持或发展。如：

Nothing is as useful as a flashlight in a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand; a camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.

4)首尾呼应。为突出主题，作者先提出主题, 结尾时再次点出主题，这种首尾呼应的写作方式较为多见。但前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复，后面的表述往往有进一步引申或发展的意味。如：

（首段）Shu Pulong has helped at least 1000 people bitten by snakes,“It was seeing people with snakes bites that led me to th e career. ”She said…

（尾段）“The sad story touched me so much that I decided to devote myself to helping people bitten by snakes.” Shu said.

5) 无主题句，即主题句隐含在全文中，没有明确的主题句，必须根据文中所提供的事实细节进行全面考虑、综合分析，然后找出共同的东西，归纳成一般概念。必须注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。如：b. Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at the University of Paris and decided to leave his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.

b. What is the main idea of the passage?

A. How Joshua Bingham became a lawyer.

B. Bingham is a diligent student.

C. Joshua Bingham received an excellent education.

D. A good lawyer needs good education.

除了以上主题句呈现的常见形式外还要注意标志词。文章或段落的主题句常常会出现在一些标志性的提示后。如：on the whole, as a result，in short，therefore，thus…

I agree with the opinion that…; Given all these points above, I would support the idea that…; For all the reasons mentioned above, I would prefer...

2. 抓住文章段落大意，概括中心思想

寻找整篇文章的中心思想是建立在寻找具体段落中心的基础上的。各段落中心句的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。在这个过程中，考生不能只依据只言片语，或光看文章的某些段落，而应观察全文的结构安排；理解文章浓墨重笔写的“重心”；考虑文章的组织材料及支持性细节是服务于什么的；分析故事的发展结局都是围绕什么内容来表达的；最后用简明扼要的文字将文章的中心思想表达出来。如：There are three separate sources of danger in supplying energy by nuclear power. First, the radioactive material must travel from its place of production to the power station. Although the power stations themselves are strongly built, the containers used for the transport of the materials are not. Normally, only two methods of transport are

in use, namely road or rail. Unfortunately, both of these may have an effect on the

general public, since they are sure to pass near, or even through, heavily populated areas.

Second, there is the problem of waste. All nuclear power stations produce wastes that in most cases will remain radioactive for thousands of years. It is impossible to make these wastes nonradioactive, and so they must be stored in one of the inconvenient ways that scientists have invented. For example, they may be buried under the ground, or dropped into deserted mines, or sunk in the sea. However, these methods do not solve the problem, since an earthquake could easily break the containers.

Third, there may occur the danger of a leak (泄漏) or an explosion at the power station. As with the other two dangers, this is not very likely, so it does not provide a serious objection to the nuclear program. However, it can happen.

Separately, these three types of dangers are not a great cause for worry. Taken together, though, the probability of disaster is extremely high.

c: What is the passage about?

A. Uses of nuclear power.

B. Dangers from nuclear power.

C. Public anger at nuclear power.

D. Accidents caused by nuclear power.

3. 抓住文章主线和关键词语，归纳文章中心

不是所有的段落都有主题句，有时主题句暗含在句中。阅读这样的文章，就需要自己根据文章的细节来分析，概括出段落的主题，从而推导出文章的主旨。方法是：先弄清该段落主要讲了那几方面内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳，形成主题。如：

The Queen?s English is now sounding less upper-class, a scientific study of the Queen?s Christmas broadcasts has found. Researchers have studied each o f her messages to the Commonwealth countries since 1952 to find out the change in her pronunciation from the noble Upper Received to the Standard Received.

Jonathan Harrington, a professor at Germany?s University of Munich, wanted to discover whether accent (口音) changes recorded over the past half century would take place within one person. “As far as I know, there just is nobody else for whom there is this sort of broadcast records,” he said.

He said the noble way of pronouncing vowels (元音) had gradually lost ground as the noble upper-class accent over the past years. “Her accent sounds slightly less noble than it did 50 years ago. But these are very, very small and slow changes that we don?t notice from year to year.”

“We may be able to relate it to changes in the social classes,” he told The Daily Telegraph, a British newspaper. “In 1952 she would have been heard saying …thet men in the bleck het?. Now it would be …that man in the black hat?. And …hame? rather than …home?. In the 1950s she would have been …lorst?, but by the 1970s …lost?.”

The Queen?s broadcast is a personal message to the Commonwealth countries. Each Christmas, the 10-minute broadcast is put on TV at 3 pm in Britain as many families are recovering from their traditional turkey lunch(传统火鸡午餐).

The results were published (发表) in the Journal of Phonetics.

（2008全国卷II B篇）

d. What is the text mainly about?

A. The relationship between accents and social classes.

B. The Queen?s Christmas speeches on TV.

C. The changes in a per son?s accent.

D. The recent development of the English language.

二、文章标题的选择或拟定

1. 要在阅读原文的基础上，仔细考虑这句话或短语与文章主题是否有密切的联系；

2. 再看它对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何；

3. 要注意题目是过大还是过小；

4. 要避免下列三种错误：①概括不够（多表现为部分代整体，从而导致范围太小）；

②过度概括（多表现为人为扩大范围）；③以事实、细节替代抽象概括的大意。要恰当地选好标题，还需要了解标题的基本拟定方式。一般来说，标题的拟定方式是：以话题为核心，将控制性概念的词按一定的语法浓缩为概括主题句句意或中心思想的词组。

比如某一文章的中心句子为：Coffee is a universal drink that is served in different ways around the world.

话题：Coffee

控制性概念：is a universal drink that is served in different ways around the world

标题：Coffee Around the World

例：2008年高考英语山东卷B篇

Federal regulators Wednesday approved a plan to create a nationwide emergency alert (警报) system using text messages delivered to cell phones.

Text messages have been popular in recent years, particularly among young people. The wirele ss industry?s trade association, CTIA, estimates（估计）more than 48 billion text messages are sent each month.

The plan comes from the Warning Alert and Response Network Act, a 2006 federal

law that requires improvements to the nation's emergency alert system. The act tasked the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) with coming up with new ways to alert the public about emergencies.

“The ability to deliver accurate and timely warnings and alerts through cell phones and other mobile services is an important next step in our efforts to help ensure that the American public has the information they need to take action to protect themselves and their families before, and during, disasters and other emergencies,” FCC Chairman Kevin Martin said, following approval of the plan.

Participation in the alert system by carriers –telecommunications companies is

错在National Disasters。voluntary, but it has received support from the wireless industry.

The program would be optional for cell phone users. They also may not be charged for

receiving alerts.

There would be three different types of messages, according to the rules.

The first would be a national alert from the president, likely involving a natural disaster.

The second would involve “approaching threats”, which could include natural disaste rs

like hurricanes or storms or even university shootings. The third would be for child

abduction (绑架) emergencies, or so-called Amber Alerts.

The service could be in place by 2010.

e. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

A. Cell Phone Alerts Protecting Students

B. Cell Phone Alerts by Wireless Industry

C. Cell Phone Alerts of National Disasters

D. Cell Phone Alerts Coming Soon

a. 答案：B。本文开篇就道明了主题：巧克力中的某种成分可以治疗咳嗽，

下文始终围绕这个主题来展开说明。

b. [分析]此文没有主题句。全篇共四句，只陈述了四个细节性的事实。因此

就答案本身看个个都对。读者只能将所有的细节（details）综合起来进行逻辑推

理，才能构成一个没有言明的主题思想(unstated main idea)。由于文中主要涉

及了Joshua Bingham接受教育的情况，即作者想告诉我们的是：Joshua Bingham

接受过良好的教育，所以答案是C。

c. 主题分析：第一段There are three separate sources of danger in

supplying energy by nuclear power. 为文章的主题句。接着从三个方面论述主

题：First…，Sec ond…，Third… ，段首第一句分别为各段的主题句，层次分明，

结构清晰，最后一段进一步归纳全文大意：Dangers from nuclear power。故答

案为B。

d. 答案：C。文章第一段就提到自从1952年以来研究者就测试The Queen’s

English的口音变化；接下来文章第二段就说到这种测试的全面性和客观性；第

三段和第四段举例说明这种口音变化的特点。由以上不难分析出文章是针对一个

人的口音在半世纪前后的变化及分析写的，所以C最恰当。

e. 答案：D。主旨大意题。第一段开门见山，提出将创建一个全国性的短信

警报系统；最后一段重申主题，对这种新系统的未来进行展望。因此最准确的标

题是D。A项错在protecting students；B项错在by wireless industry；C项

高考英语阅读理解D专练5篇

阅读理解D专练5篇 Passage 1(2017江苏,D) Old Problem, New Approaches While clean energy is increasingly used in our daily life, global warming will continue for some decades after CO2 emissions(排放) peak. So even if emissions were to begin to decrease today, we would still face the challenge of adapting to climate change. Here I will stress some smarter and more creative examples of climate adaptation. When it comes to adaptation, it is important to understand that climate change is a process. We are therefore not talking about adapting to a new standard, but to a constantly shifting set of conditions. This is why, in part at least, the US National Climate Assessment says that:“There is no ‘one-size fits all’ adaptation.”Nevertheless, there are some actions that offer much and carry little risk or cost. Around the world, people are adapting in surprising ways, especially in some poor countries. Floods have become more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades. Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster. His not-for-profit organization runs 100 river boats that serve as floating libraries, schools, and health clinics, and are equipped with solar panels and other communicating facilities. Rezwan is creating floating connectivity(连接) to replace flooded roads and highways. But he is also working at a far more fundamental level:his staff show people how to make floating gardens and fish ponds to prevent starvation during the wet season. Elsewhere in Asia even more astonishing actions are being taken. Chewang Norphel lives in a mountainous region in India, where he is known as the Ice Man. The loss of glaciers(冰川) there due to global warming represents an enormous threat to agriculture. Without the glaciers, water will arrive in the rivers at times when it can damage crops. Norphel’s inspiration came from seeing the waste of water over winter, when it was not needed. He directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze, and was stored until the spring. His fields of ice supply perfectly timed irrigation(灌溉) water. Having created nine such ice reserves, Norphel calculates that he has stored about 200,000m3of water. Climate change is a continuing process, so Norphel’s ice reserves will not last forever. Warming will overtake them. But he is providing a few years during which the farmers will, perhaps, be able to find other means of adapting.

中考阅读理解主旨大意题

在处理文章标题的选择时，要避免下列三种错误： ①概括不够(多表现为部分代整体，从而导致范围太小); ②过度概括(多表现为人为扩大范围); ③以事实或细节代替抽象具体的大意。 1.2012朝阳期末 Why play games? Because they are fun, and we can learn even more while playing. Following the rules, planning your next move, acting as a team member —these are all ―game‖ ideas that you will come across all through your life. They can help you in different ways. Think about some of the games you played as a young child, such as rope-jumping and hide-and-seek. Such games are very interesting. But perhaps more importantly, they translate part of life into exciting games that teach children some of the basic rules they will be expected to follow the rest of their lives, such as taking turns and cooperating (合作). Many children’s games have a practical side. Children around the world play games that prepare them for work they will do as grown-ups. For example, some Saudi Arabian children play a game called bones, which improves the hand-eye coordination (协调) needed in fishing. The most famous games of all, the Olympic Games, bring athletes from around the world together to take part in friendly competitions. People who watch the event (比赛项目) know that a gold medal is a win for the whole country, not just the athlete who got it. For countries experiencing natural disasters (灾害) or wars, an Olympic win can mean so much. Sports games are also an event that unites (团结) people. Football is the most popular sport in the world. People all over the world play it —some for fun and some for a living. Nicolette Iribarne, a Californian football player, has discovered a way to spread hope through football. He created a foundation (基金会) to provide poor children with not only soccer balls but also a bright future. Next time you play your favorite game or sport, think about why you enjoy it, what skills are needed, and whether these skills will help you in other parts of your life. 55．What’s the main idea of the passage? A. Games can help people in different ways. B. People are advised to play games for fun. C. An Olympic win means a lot to every country. D. Sports can get people all over the world together. 2.2012朝阳期末 Ask someone what they have done to help the environment recently and they will almost mention recycling, which is the process (过程) of treating used things, such as paper or steel so that they can be used again. Recycling in the home is very important of course. However, being forced to recycle often means we already have more things than we need. We are now dealing with the results of that over-consumption in the possible greenest way, but it would be far better if we did not bring so many things home in the first place. Here is an example. In the UK, the total of packaging increased by 12% between 1999 and 2005. It now makes up a third of a household’s waste. In many supermarkets, foods are packaged twice with plastic and cardboard. Too much packaging causes serious environmental problems. The UK is running out of different kinds of ways for dealing with this unnecessary waste. If such packaging is burnt, it gives off greenhouse gases which go on to cause the greenhouse effect (效果). Recycling helps, but the process itself uses energy. The best way of avoiding this problem is to stop producing such unnecessary things in the first place. Food waste is another serious problem, too. Too many supermarkets encourage customers (消费者) to buy more than they need. They seldom encourage customers to reuse their plastic bags, for example. However, a few of them are coming round to the idea that this cannot continue. But this is not just about supermarkets. It is about all of us. We have learned to connect packaging with quality (质量). We have learned to think that something unpackaged is of poor quality. Is it true for all the products? I n fact, more and more companies realized the importance of protecting the environment. They try to package what really should be packaged, including products in good quality. As more of us recycle, we are beginning to realize how many unnecessary things are being

(完整版)2017年高考英语阅读理解练习题7.

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项中,选出最佳选项。 A To American visitors, Iceland is a very interesting country, partly because it is different in so many ways from what he or she is used to seeing at home. There are quite a few things that are not done, or that do not exist on the island —quite a few "No's". There is no pollution, for instance. No dogs are permitted in Reykjavik, the capital. There is no television on Thursdays or during the entire month of July, and only three hours of black-and-white TV the rest of the time. There is no hard liquor on Wednesdays and no beer at any time. There are no handguns; only one jail of thirty-five cells in the entire land —an admirable figure, even for a small country of 313,376 people. There is no army, air force or navy. There is no tipping for anything. There are no large stores open on Saturdays or Sundays. Since Iceland is situated just under the Arctic Circle, there is no darkness in summer and no daylight in winter. But thanks to Gulf Stream, the climate is rather mild, with temperatures ranging from 34 degrees Fahrenheit to 52 degrees in July. The rules on television, liquor, and guns are the result of governmental decision. But the absence of pollution is due in great part to the fact that Iceland gets its power from the enormous geyser(间歇泉and the thousands of hot springs that come out of the ground. They provide all the energy needed by the country. In fact, Iceland uses only 3 percent of all its available power. Iceland has been described as a democratic independent country where more fish are caught and more books published per person than anywhere else in the world. The Icelanders have always felt a particular love for literature. They composed their first works in the ninth and tenth centuries AD. These works were poems and tales about the kings, heroes, and heroines of Iceland and Norway. At first the stories were memorized

高三英语阅读理解专练(七)

高三英语阅读理解专练（七） 制卷人：施浩杰2008/11/17 A His own way to express love Yesterday was our three-year anniversary. We didn’t do anything romantic: we just walked hand in hand and talked about our past and future. This was pretty much what I had expected. Andy is unromantic guy: no sweet words or roses. Smart as he is, he is a little bit shy expressing his love. In contrast, I am an outspoken girl who likes to show her feelings directly. So needless to say, I often feel that is insensitive. I envy other girls who are surrounded by sweet words. I was in this sullen mood until I heard a beautiful sentence one day: “If someone does not love you in the way you like, it does not mean that he does not love you.”this simple but sensible sentence made me think about our happy days and recall his deep concern for me. One cold winter night, I got a high fever. He hurried to my dorm and took me to the hospital. He was in such a hurry that he even forgot to wear socks. Upon arrival, he ran through the hospital handling all the formalities(手续). When I was put on a drip（输液）, he told me interesting stories to make me happy. Being held in his warm arms and listening to his tender voice, I had never felt so safe and comfortable. Gradually, I felt asleep. When I woke up 15 minutes later, he was still whispering to me. He explained that if he had stopped talking I would have waken up. At that moment, I found love in his sparkling eyes. Another time, I had a bad quarrel with my best friend. Although I knew it was my fault, I refused to admit it. I was angry when he insisted I apologize to her. He said that it was difficult to admit a mistake, but this was what everyone should do. The next morning, I apologized to my friend and asked for her forgiveness. My unromantic boyfriend cares about my health like my father, understand me like my mother and helps me like my elder brother. (344 words) 1. Why does the author envy other girls of her age? A. Their boyfriends look more handsome. B. Their boyfriends express love directly. C. They win a lot of praise from colleagues. D. They often receive roses from their boyfriends. 2. The author mentioned her experience in hospital to show Andy . A. loves her greatly B. is always careless C. sometimes appears shy D. is good at telling stories 3. Which word can describe Andy’s personality? A. Insensitive. B. Generous. C. Talkative. D. Thoughtful. 4. The writer writes the passage to tell us that . A. Andy is indeed a very lever boy B. Andy is a perfect husband C. Andy has his own way to express love D. Andy cares more about others 5. The word sullen in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by A. cheerful B. calm C. painful D. bad B MILAN, Italy - Can't get to Milan to see Leonardo Da Vinci's masterpiece "The Last Supper?" All you need is an Internet connection. Officials put online an image of "The Last Supper" at 16

阅读理解--主旨大意,

主旨大意题的阅读理解题 主旨大意是全文或相关段落的概括和总结，主要考查学生在理解文章的基础上对全文的高度概括。 （1）Stepping into a pool of water is common enough, but who could ever imagine stepping into a pool of fish? In February of 1974, Bill Tapp, an Australian farmer, saw a rain of fish that covered his farm. How surprised he must have been when he heard many fish hitting against his roof! What caused this strange occurrence? This is a question that had long puzzled people who study fish. The answer turned out to be a combination of wind and storm. When it is spring in the northern part of the world . it is fall in Australia .Throughout the autumn season, terrible storms arise and huge vacuum cleaners , collecting seaweed, pieces of wood, and even schools of fish . Strong winds may carry these bits nature for many miles before vacuum dropping them on fields , houses, and astonished people. What is this passage about? A、A sad story B、A rain of fish C、Australian’s northern part D、The damage done by floods (2) Variety of activity was also seen as a way of maintaining or increasing motivation. Several years ago we had one timetable that operated throughout , but we soon found that both the students and the teachers

高中英语--阅读理解之主旨大意题解题技巧教学提纲

2016-2017年高三英语培优补差学案二 Gongli/2016/11/14 阅读理解之主旨大意题 一、阅读技巧“tips” （一）题型特点考查学生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主 题,标题或目的设题。 （二）题干表现形式 1.What would be the best title of the passage? 2.Which of the following is the best title for the passage? 3.What is the passage mainly about? 4.What does the text mainly talk about? 5.What is the (main) purpose of this article? 6.The purpose of the passage is ___ . 7.What’s the topic of the article? 8.What is the main idea of the passage? 9.The passage is intended to _____. （三）应试技巧 1.主旨大意题属于归纳概括题。找准文章的主题句是关键。“ 主题句定位法”是一种行之有效的方法。在答题时，我们可以： 读首句抓大意；读尾句抓大意；读首尾段抓大意 2.无明显主题句时高频信息词 一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。 Exercises. Text 1 People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they haven't eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast--foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink. 主题句在__________________________________________________ Text 2 Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic

高考英语阅读理解练习题集(附答案)

高考阅读理解技巧 一、阅读理解题选材 高考阅读理解题选材，一般遵循三个原则： 1. 文章一般为3篇（含信息匹配题），阅读量在1100单词左右； 2. 题材广泛，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等多方面内容； 3. 体裁多样，包括记叙文、描写文、说明文、议论文、应用文等。 二、英语阅读文体类型 学会分析体裁的能力对我们做好阅读理解来说是非常重要的。由于不同的文体有不同的段落组织方式和脉络层次，所以我们可以根据这种特点来快速分析文章的体裁： ●记叙文往往按时间顺序展开段落，文章有明显表示时间先后的词语。阅读时抓住时间这条主线，弄清who、 what、where、why与how。文章主旨要透过体察所揭示的人物、事件来进行提炼。描写手法大多按时间跨度、空间顺序、上下顺序来展开。阅读记叙文体应采取略读和扫读的方法，快速抓住文中描写的主要内容，从整体上去把握文章的连贯性，进而大体上揣测出作者的写作意图及情感主线。高考阅读就记叙文设题大多以细节理解为主。 ●描写文通过细节的描写以画面的方式来反应事物的特征、性质。对这种文章要迅速弄清其主题，主题词往往出 现在各个句子里，贯穿文章的始末；紧围绕这个主题进行阅读，找到文章与之有关的信息，并确定信息与主题的关系。 ●说明文用以解释或揭示事物的状态、特征、演变、结果及其相互之间的关系，这类文体的文章，首句往往是主 题句，开门见山，说明文章的关注对象：弄清作者的思路和段落组织的方式；把握次要信息及其与主题的关系。 英语说明文的总体结构通常为三部份，说明对象、说明过程和归纳总结。常见的说明方法： 1，定义与诠释说明； 2，举例与引用说明； 3，分类与图表说明； 4，比较与比喻说明； 5，分析与综合说明； 就高考英语说明文的阅读而言，首先要抓住文章说明的要点，也就是要抓住被说明对象的实质性特征；弄清作者从哪个角度、哪个层面开始说明；并明白文章最后的说明结论。高考说明文阅读材料通常介绍最新科技、重大成就、生活时尚、流行现象等。了解说明文的写作手法、说明方法，理清短文结构及段落中心思想是答题关键。 ●议论文通常为三段式，即“论点、论据、结论”三部份组成。首先借助某一现象引出论点，然后通过一定论据 从各个层面上加以推理论证，最后得出结论。议论文体主要考查学生对论点及论据的把握。因此，遇到议论文体时，应采取抓主题句的方法来把握文章主旨，弄清作者的观点。一般来说，作者的论点通常在文章首段被引出，接着是对这一论点的逻辑推理和论证，最后为结论。还应注意的是：在对论点论证的过程中，每一段的首句都是该段的主题句。把握全文论点、弄清论证各段的主题句、理解文章层次、找出中心论点的位置是理解议论文的关键。 就议论文而言，其论证的常见结构方式有： 1，总分式总---分；分----总；总----分---总； 2，并列式几个论据之间属于平等关系； 3，递进式几个论据之间属于递进关系； 4，对照式把两种事物加以对比，以彰显其中一种。 ●应用文属于实用型文体，如书信、通知、日记、广告等。应用文阅读要注意文中具体细节的把握与理解，弄清 作者所传达的实际信息及表达的具体内容。阅读时采取速读与精读相结合的方法，力求快速精确地查出试题所设置的关键内容。

北京市最新 高考英语 阅读理解专题练习(及答案)

北京市最新高考英语阅读理解专题练习(及答案) 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 Cassandra Feeley finds it hard to manage on her husband's income. So this year she did something more than a hobby. She planted vegetables in her yard. For her first garden, Ms. Feeley has put in 15 tomato plants, and five rows of a variety of vegetables. The family's old farm house has become a chicken house, its residents arriving next month. Last year, Ms. Rita Gartin kept a small garden. This year she has made it much larger because, she said, "The cost of everything is going up and I was looking to lose a few pounds too; so it's a win-win situation all around." They are among the growing number of Americans who, driven by higher living costs and a falling economy, have taken up vegetable gardening for the first time. Others have increased the size of their existing gardens. Seed companies and garden shops say that not since the 1970s has there been such an increase in interest in growing food at home. Now many gardens across the country have been sold out for several months. In Austin, Tex, some of the gardens have a three-year waiting list. George C Ball Jr. owner of a company, said sales of vegetable seeds and plants are up by 40%, over last year, double the average growth of last five years. Mr. Ball argues that some of the reasons have been building for the last few years. The big one is striking rise in the cost on food like bread and milk, together with the increases in the price of fruit and vegetables. Food prices have increase of higher oil price. People are driving less, taking fewer vacations, so there is more time to garden. （1）What does the word "residents" in Paragraph 1 probably refer to? A. chickens B. tomatoes C. gardens D. people （2）Why is vegetable gardening becoming increasingly popular? A. More Americans are doing it for fun. B. The price of oil is lower than before. C. There's a growing need for fruits. D. The cost of living is on the rise. （3）Which of the following might be the best title for the text? A. Family Food Planning B. Banking on Gardening C. A Belt-tightening Move D. Gardening as a Hobby 【答案】（1）A （2）D （3）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，越来越多的美国人在自家花园里种菜，分析出现这一现象的原因是由于生活成本的上升和经济的下降，人们不得不自己种菜以降低生活成本。 （1）考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的“The family's old farm house has become a chicken house, its residents arriving next month. ”可知，Cassandra Feeley的旧房子成为了养鸡的地方，下个月新的居民就要来了。这里的新居民就是指他们所养的鸡。故选A。

高考英语阅读理解综合题汇编附详细答案

一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 Sales of Apple's new iPhone 11 in China began on Friday, but were met with a cooler reception from consumers than in previous years. Unlike in previous years, no long lines were seen outside Chinese shops on Friday for the new iPhone, and the product release only made the headlines in a few media outlets. Huawei unveiled(公布)its Mate 30 smartphone series on Thursday night. Its new devices have won consumers' hearts at home and abroad. Many compared it with Apple's new iPhone 11, saying that beats the new iPhone in terms of innovation and quality. One customer surnamed Zhao, an IT specialist who pre-ordered a Mate 30 Pro on Friday, said that he chose Mate 30 without hesitation. Zhao said, "It's obvious that Huawei's new phone with its advanced 5G mode would lead the future global telecommunication market, and its new innovative features in gesture and side control attracted my attention, too." In contrast with iPhone 11's lukewarm(冷淡的)sales, Chinese netizens have engaged in discussions on Mate 30 and Mate 30 Pro. An online poll on the Mate 30 and iPhone 11 on Weibo on Friday showed that more than 60 percent of netizens chose the Mate 30, while less than 20 percent chose the iPhone 11. Many chose Huawei not out of patriotism (爱国主义)but for its technology. Overseas consumers also engaged in active discussions on Huawei's new flagship devices on technology sites and social media platforms. On Twitter, many netizens said "nice", "best phone ever" and "my favorite one" on Huawei's Twitter account. Some netizens in countries like the UK, the Netherlands and Argentina asked when Huawei's new devices would be released in their countries. （1）How did customers react to Apple's new product? A. They thought it was cool to use it. B. They stood in long lines to purchase it. C. They thought its quality was worse than before. D. They were less interested in it than former years. （2）In what aspect is Mate 30 better than iPhone 11 according to paragraph 2? A.The price and the weight. B.The appearance and the speed. C.The quality and innovation. D.The service life and function. （3）What does the underlined word "poll" in paragraph 3 probably mean? A.Store. B.Vote. C.Account. D.Exam. （4）What could be the best title for the text?