第13版)Solution_ARENS_Auditing13eChapter 3

Chapter 3

Multiple-Choice Questions

1. Auditing standards require that the audit report must be titled and that the title must: easy a. include the word “independent.”

a b. indicate if the auditor is a CPA.

c. indicate if the auditor is a proprietorship, partnership, or incorporate

d.

d. indicate the type of audit opinion issued.

2. Medium a To emphasize the fact that the auditor is independent, a typical addressee of the audit report could be:

Company Controller Shareholders Board of Directors

a. No Yes Yes

b. No No Yes

c. Yes Yes No

d. Yes No No

3. The purpose of the introductory paragraph in the standard unqualified report is:

easy a. to identify that the type of opinion issued is unqualified.

b b. to identify the financial statements audited and the dates and time periods covered by the

report.

c. to indicate the CPA followed applicable audit standards.

d. to indicate all the financial statements are in accordance with GAAP.

4. The scope paragraph of the standard unqualified audit report states that the audit is designed to: easy a. discover all errors and/or irregularities.

d b. discover material errors and/or irregularities.

c. conform to generally accepted accounting principles.

d. obtain reasonable assurance whether the statements are free of material misstatement.

5. The audit report date on a standard unqualified report indicates:

easy a. the last day of the fiscal period.

d b. th

e date on which the financial statements were filed with the Securities and Exchange

Commission.

c. the last date on which users may institute a lawsuit against either client or auditor.

d. the last day of the auditor’s responsibility for the review of significant events that

occurred subsequent to the date of the financial statements.

6. easy d As a result of management’s refusal to permit the auditor to physically examine inventory, the auditor has not accumulated sufficient appropriate evidence to conclude whether financial statements are stated in accordance with GAAP. The auditor must depart from the unqualified audit report because:

a. the financial statements have not been prepared in accordance with GAAP.

b. the scope of the audit has been restricted by circumstances beyond either the client’s or

auditor’s co ntrol.

c. the auditor has lost independence.

d. the scope of the audit has been restricted.

7. An adverse opinion is issued when the auditor believes:

easy a. some parts of the financial statements are materially misstated or misleading.

d b. th

e financial statements would be found to be materially misstated i

f an investigation were

performed.

c. the auditor is not independent.

d. the overall financial statements are so materially misstated that they do not present fairly

the financial position or results of operations and cash flows in conformity with GAAP.

8. easy If a misstatement is immaterial to the financial statements of the entity for the current period, but is expected to have a material effect in future periods, it is appropriate to issue a(n):

c a. adverse opinion.

b. qualified opinion.

c. unqualified opinion.

d. disclaimer of opinion.

9. (Public) easy Whenever an auditor issues an audit report for a public company, the auditor can choose to issue a report in which of the following forms?

c a. A combine

d report on financial statements and internal control over financial reporting.

b. Separate reports on financial statements and internal control over financial reporting.

c. Either a or b.

d. Neither a nor b.

10. easy When determining whether an exception is “highly material,” the extent to which the exception affects different elements of the financial statements must be considered. This concept is called:

b a. materiality.

b. pervasiveness.

c. financial analysis.

d. ratio analysis.

11. medium An auditor determines the financial statements include a material departure from GAAP. Which type of opinion may be issued?

d

Disclaimer Qualified Adverse

a. Yes No No

b. No Yes No

c. Yes No Yes

d. No Yes Yes

12. (Public) easy If an auditor performs an audit of a public company, the scope paragraph should make reference to which standards?

c a. Accounting standards.

b. Generally accepted auditing standards.

c. Standards issued by the PCAOB (U.S.).

d. Any of the above standards.

13. easy If an auditor performs an audit of a private company, the scope paragraph should make reference to which standards?

b a. Accounting standards.

b. U.S. generally accepted auditing standards.

c. Standards issued by the PCAOB (U.S.).

d. Any of the above standards.

14. easy Examples of unqualified opinions which contain modified wording (without adding an explanatory paragraph) include:

a a. the use of other auditors.

b. material uncertainties.

c. substantial doubt about the audited company (or the entity) continuing as a going

concern.

d. lack of consistent application of GAAP.

15. GAAP requires that changes in accounting principles be to a: medium a. more conservative principle.

c b. principle with equal authoritative support.

c. preferable principle.

d. principle detailed in a FASB pronouncement.

16. easy A CPA may wish to emphasize specific matters regarding the financial statements even though an unqualified opinion will be issued. Normally, such explanatory information is:

c a. include

d in th

e scope paragraph.

b. included in the opinion paragraph.

c. included in a separate paragraph in the report.

d. included in the introductory paragraph.

17. challenging d An auditor who issues a qualified opinion because sufficient appropriate evidence was not obtained should describe the limitations in an explanatory paragraph. The auditor should also refer to the limitation in the:

Scope Opinion Notes to the

paragraph paragraph financial statements

a. Yes No Yes

b. No Yes Yes

c. No Yes No

d. Yes Yes No

18. medium When the auditor evaluates the effect of a change in accounting principle, the materiality of the change should be evaluated based on:

b a. the prior years presented.

b. the current year effect of the change.

c. guidelines included in GAAS.

d. the effect on total assets.

19. medium Conditions requiring a departure from an unqualified audit report include all but which of the following?

b a. Management refused to allow the auditor to confirm significant accounts receivable for

which there were no alternative procedures performed.

b. Management decided not to allow the auditor to confirm significant accounts receivable,

but the auditor obtained sufficient appropriate evidence by examining subsequent cash

receipts.

c. The audit partner’s dependent child received a gift of 100 shares of a client’s stock for her

birthday from a grandparent.

d. Management has determined that fixed assets should be reported in the balance sheet at

their replacement values rather than historical costs. The auditors do not concur.

20. The introductory paragraph of the standard audit report states that the financial statements are: medium a. the responsibility of the auditor.

b b. the responsibility of management.

c. the joint responsibility of management and the auditor.

d. none of the abov

e.

21. medium The introductory paragraph of the standard audit report states that the financial statements and the opinion expressed about those statements are:

d a. th

e responsibility o

f the auditor.

b. the responsibility of management.

c. the joint responsibility of management and the auditor.

d. none of the abov

e.

22. The introductory paragraph of the standard audit report states that the auditor is: medium a. responsible for the financial statements and the opinion on them.

c b. responsible for the financial statements.

c. responsible for the opinion on the financial statements.

d. jointly responsible for the financial statements with management.

23. (Public) medium PCAOB Auditing Standard No. 2 requires the audit of internal control over financial reporting to be integrated with:

a a. the audit of the financial statements.

b. the quarterly review of financial information.

c. the review of annual financial statements.

d. none of the abov

e.

24. medium d The audit report indicates that (1) management is responsible for the content of the financial statements and (2) the auditor is responsible for evaluating the appropriateness of the accounting principles chosen by management. Which paragraph contains those statements?

a. Both are in the introductory paragraph.

b. Both are in the scope paragraph.

c. Both are in the opinion paragraph.

d. None of the above are tru

e.

25. medium c If the balance sheet of a company is dated December 31, 2009, the audit report is dated February 8, 2010, and both are released on February 15, 2010, this indicates that the auditor has searched for subsequent events that occurred up to:

a. December 31, 2009.

b. January 1, 2010

c. February 8, 2010

d. February 15, 2010.

26. (Public) medium A combined report on financial statements and internal control over financial reporting includes all but which of the following types of paragraphs?

b a. Inherent limitations paragraph.

b. Description paragraph.

c. Opinion paragraph.

d. Each of the above paragraphs is included.

27. Whenever an auditor issues a qualified opinion, the implication is that the auditor:

medium a. does not know if the financial statements are presented fairly.

d b. does not believ

e the financial statements are presented fairly.

c. believes the financial statements are presented fairly.

d. believes the financial statements are presented fairly “except for” a specific aspect of

them.

28. The necessity to issue a disclaimer of opinion may arise because of:

medium a. a severe limitation on the scope of the audit.

c b. a lack of independence between the auditor an

d client.

c. either a or b.

d. neither a nor b.

29. medium When the auditor determines the financial statements are fairly stated and then determines that the auditor lacks independence, the auditor should issue:

b a. an adverse opinion.

b. a disclaimer of opinion.

c. either a qualified opinion or an adverse opinion.

d. either a qualified opinion or an unqualified opinion with modified wording.

30. If the auditor lacks independence, a disclaimer of opinion must be issued:

medium a. if the client requests it.

d b. only if it is highly material.

c. only if it is material but not highly material.

d. in all cases.

31. medium Misstatements must be compared with some measurement base before a decision can be made about materiality. A commonly accepted measurement base includes:

d a. net income.

b. total assets.

c. working capital.

d. all of the abov

e.

32. medium When comparing misstatements with a measurement base, the auditor must consider the pervasiveness of the misstatement. Of the following examples, the most pervasive misstatement is a(n):

a a. understatement of inventory.

b. understatement of retained earnings caused by a miscalculation of dividends payable.

c. misclassification of notes payable as a long-term liability when it should be current.

d. misclassification of salary expense as a selling expense when it should be allocated

equally to both selling and administrative expense.

33. medium The dollar amount of some misstatements cannot be accurately measured. For example, if the client were unwilling to disclose an existing lawsuit, the auditor must estimate the likely effect on:

b a. net income.

b. users of the financial statements.

c. the auditor’s exposure to lawsuits.

d. management’s future decisions.

34. Whenever there is a scope restriction, the appropriate response is to issue a(n):

medium a. disclaimer of opinion.

d b. advers

e opinion.

c. qualified opinion.

d. unqualified report, a qualification of scope and opinion, or a disclaimer, depending on

materiality.

35. medium Which of the following is least likely to cause uncertainty about the ability of an entity to continue as a going concern?

a a. A client’s lawsuit against another company which claims the other company has infringed

on its patent.

b. Loss of major customers.

c. Significant recurring operating losses.

d. Working capital deficiencies.

36. medium d The client has presented all required financial statements with the exception of the statement of cash flows. The auditor has completed the audit and is satisfied that all other statements are presented fairly. The auditor:

a. may issue either an unqualified or a qualified opinion.

b. mu st issue an adverse opinion with “except for” in the opinion paragraph.

c. may issue an unqualified opinion.

d. must issue a qualified opinion with “except for” in the opinion paragraph.

37. When a disclaimer is issued because the auditor lacks independence:

medium a. no report title is included on the report.

d b. a one-paragraph audit report is issued.

c. the only reason cited for issuing the disclaimer is the lack of independence.

d. all of the above are correct.

38. medium d When a client has not applied GAAP consistently from the prior year to the current year, the auditor does not concur with the appropriateness of the change, and the change in GAAP has a material effect on the financial statements, the auditor should issue a(n):

a. disclaimer.

b. adverse opinion.

c. unqualified opinion.

d. qualified opinion.

39. medium Which of the following is not a change that affects consistency and, therefore, does not require an explanatory paragraph?

c a. Change in accounting principle, such as a change from LIFO to FIFO.

b. Change in reporting entity, such as the inclusion of an additional company in combined

financial statements.

c. Change in an estimate, such as a decrease in the life of an asset for depreciation purposes.

d. Correction of errors by changing from non-GAAP to GAAP.

40. medium c Items that materially affect the comparability of financial statements generally require disclosure in the footnotes. If the client refuses to properly disclose the item, the auditor will most likely issue:

a. a disclaimer.

b. an unqualified opinion.

c. a qualified opinion.

d. an adverse opinion.

41. medium Auditors sometimes encounter situations in which the outcome of a matter cannot be reasonably estimated at the time the financial statements are issued. These matters are referred to as:

c a. inestimable matters.

b. non sequiturs.

c. uncertainties.

d. in-suspense matters.

42. medium b When there is uncertainty about a company’s ability to continue as a going concern, the auditor’s concern is the possibility that the client may not be able to continue its operations or meet its obligations for a “reasonable period of time.” For this purpose, a reasonable period of time is considered not to exceed:

a. six months from the date of the financial statements.

b. one year from the date of the financial statements.

c. six months from the date of the audit report.

d. one year from the date of the audit report.

43. medium When the auditor concludes that there is substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern, the appropriate audit report would be:

d a. an unqualified opinion with an explanatory paragraph.

b. a disclaimer of opinion.

c. neither a nor b.

d. either a or b.

44. An auditor may not issue a qualified opinion when:

medium a. a scope limitation prevents the auditor from completing an important audit procedure.

c b. the auditor’s report refers to the work of a specialist.

c. the auditor lacks independence with respect to the audited entity.

d. an accounting principle at variance with GAAP is used.

45. medium When a company’s financial statements contain a departure from GAAP with which the auditor concurs, the departure should be explained in:

b a. the scope paragraph.

b. an explanatory paragraph that appears before the opinion paragraph.

c. the opinion paragraph.

d. an explanatory paragraph after the opinion paragraph.

46. medium Which of the following representations does an auditor make explicitly and which implicitly when issuing an unqualified opinion?

b Conformity Adequacy of

with GAAP disclosure

a. Explicitly Explicitly

b. Explicitly Implicitly

c. Implicitly Explicitly

d. Implicitly Implicitly

47. medium c William Gregory, CPA, is the principal auditor for a multi-national corporation. Another CPA has examined and reported on the financial statements of a significant subsidiary of the corporation. Gregory is satisfied with the independence and professional reputation of the other auditor, as well as the quality of the other auditor’s examination. With respect to his report on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, Gregory:

a. must not refer to the examination of the other auditor.

b. must refer to the examination of the other auditor.

c. may refer to the examination of the other auditor.

d. may refer to the examination of the other auditor, in which case Gregory must include in

the auditor’s report on the consolidated financial statements a qualif ied opinion with respect to the examination of the other auditor.

48. medium d A company has changed its method of inventory valuation from an unacceptable one to one in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles. The auditor’s report on the financial statements of the year of the change should include:

a. no reference to consistency.

b. a reference to a prior period adjustment in the opinion paragraph.

c. an explanatory paragraph that justifies the change and explains the impact of the change

on reported net income.

d. an explanatory paragraph explaining the chang

e.

49. (Public) medium

a Sarbanes-Oxley requires auditors of a public company to audit a company’s financial statements and attest to management’s report on the effect iveness of internal control over financial reporting. What type of assurance does the auditor provide in this report?

a. Positive assurance on the financial statements and on the effectiveness of internal control

over financial reporting.

b. Positive assurance on the financial statements and negative assurance on the effectiveness

of internal control over financial reporting.

c. Limited assurance on the financial statements and on the effectiveness of internal control

over financial reporting.

d. There is no guidance on what level of assurance to provid

e.

50. medium c Whenever the client imposes restrictions on the scope of the audit, the auditor should be concerned that management may be trying to prevent discovery of misstatements. In such cases, the auditor will likely issue a:

a. disclaimer of opinion in all cases.

b. qualification of both scope and opinion in all cases.

c. disclaimer of opinion whenever materiality is in question.

d. qualification of both scope and opinion whenever materiality is in question.

51. medium CPAs issue several types of “special audit reports.” Which of the following circumstances would not require the issuance of a special audit report?

b a. The client’s financial statements are prepared using the cas h basis.

b. The client’s financial statements are prepared using the accrual basis.

c. The CPA has been retained to audit only the current assets.

d. The CPA has been retained to review the internal control system, not the financial

statements.

52. When a qualified or adverse opinion is issued, the qualifying paragraph is inserted:

medium a. between the introductory and scope paragraphs.

b b. between the scope and opinion paragraphs.

c. after the opinion paragraph, as a fourth paragraph.

d. immediately after the address, as the first paragraph.

53. For the report containing a disclaimer for lack of independence, the disclaimer is in the: challenging a. third or opinion paragraph.

c b. secon

d or scop

e paragraph.

c. first and only paragraph.

d. fourth or explanatory paragraph.

54. Which of the following is not a primary category of attestation report?

challenging a. Compilation report.

a b. Review report.

c. Audit report.

d. Special audit report based on a basis of accounting other than GAAP.

55. challenging Most auditors believe that financial statements are “presented fairly” when the statements are in accordance with GAAP, and that it is also necessary to:

b a. determine that they are not in violation of FASB statements.

b. examine the substance of transactions and balances for possible misinformation.

c. review the statements using the accounting principles promulgated by the SEC.

d. assure investors that net income reported this year will be exceeded in the futur

e.

56. In which of the following situations would the auditor most likely issue an unqualified report? challenging a. The client valued ending inventory by using the replacement cost method.

d b. Th

e client valued ending inventory by using the Next-In-First-Out (NIFO) method.

c. The client valued ending inventory at selling price rather than historical cost.

d. The client valued ending inventory by using the First-In-First-Out (FIFO) method, but

showed the replacement cost of inventory in the Notes to the Financial Statements. 57. Which of the following statements is true?

challenging d a. The auditor is required to issue a disclaimer of opinion in the event of a material

uncertainty.

b. The auditor is required to issue a disclaimer of opinion in the event of a going concern

problem.

c. The auditor is required to issue a disclaimer of opinion for a material uncertainty and for

a going concern problem.

d. The auditor has the option, but is not required, to issue a disclaimer of opinion for a

material uncertainty or for a going concern problem.

58. medium The most common case in which conditions beyond the client’s and auditor’s control cause a scope restriction is an engagement:

a a. agreed upon after the client’s balance sheet date.

b. where the client won’t allow the auditor to confirm receivables for fear of offending its

customers.

c. where the auditor doesn’t have enough staff to satisfactorily audit all of the client’s

foreign subsidiaries.

d. where the client is going through Chapter 11 bankruptcy.

59. challenging When the auditor cannot perform procedures and the amounts are so material that a disclaimer of opinion rather than a qualified opinion is required, the:

d a. opinion paragraph will stat

e “does not present fairly.”

b. opinion paragraph will state “presents fairly.”

c. scope paragraph will be unchanged from the standard unqualified opinion.

d. scope paragraph will be deleted.

60. challenging When misstatements are so material that an adverse opinion is issued, a scope paragraph would be:

b a. qualified.

b. unchanged.

c. delete

d.

d. expanded to identify the additional procedures which the auditor performed.

61. challenging When the client fails to make adequate disclosure in the body of the statements or in the related footnotes, it is the responsibility of the auditor to:

d a. inform th

e reader that disclosure is not adequate, and to issue an adverse opinion.

b. inform the reader that disclosure is not adequate, and to issue a qualified opinion.

c. present the information in the audit report and issue an unqualified or qualified opinion.

d. present the information in the audit report and to issue a qualified or an adverse opinion.

62. challenging The “unqualified report with explanatory paragraph” and the “unqualified report with modified wording”:

c a. arise as a result of an incomplete audit.

b. arise when the financial statements are not “presented fairly.”

c. meet the criteria of a complete audit with satisfactory results.

d. meet the criteria of a complete audit but with unsatisfactory results.

63. medium Which of the following will not cause the auditor to issue a standard unqualified report with an explanatory paragraph or modified wording?

c a. Emphasis of a matter.

b. Reports involving other auditors.

c. Auditor disagrees with client’s departure from GAAP.

d. Lack of consistent application of GAAP.

64. challenging Which of the following is not one of the principal CPA firm’s alternatives when issuing a re port if a different CPA firm performed part of the audit?

a a. Issue a joint report signed by both CPA firms.

b. Make no reference to the other CPA firm in the audit report, and issue the standard

unqualified opinion.

c. Make reference to the other auditor in the report by using modified wording (a shared

opinion or report)

d. A qualified opinion or disclaimer, depending on materiality, is required if the principal

auditor is not willing to assume any responsibility for the work of the other auditor. 65. Which of the following statements is not true?

challenging a. A one-paragraph report is generally used when the auditor is not independent.

c b. A three-paragraph report ordinarily indicates there are no exceptions in the audit.

c. More than three paragraphs in the report indicates there must be some type of

qualification in the audit.

d. An unqualified opinion with an explanation or modified wording would require more

than three paragraphs.

66. challenging Brown Co.’s financial statem ents adequately disclose uncertainties that concern future events, the outcome of which are not reasonably estimable. The auditor’s report should include a(n):

a a. unqualified opinion.

b. disclaimer.

c. “except for” qualified opinion.

d. adverse opinion.

67. Which of the following requires recognition in the auditor’s opinion as to consistency?

challenging c a. The correction of an error in the prior year’s financial statements resulting from a

mathematical mistake in capitalizing interest.

b. A change in the estimate of provisions for warranty costs.

c. The change from the cost method to the equity method of accounting for investments in

common stock.

d. A change in depreciation method which has no effect on current year’s financial

statements but is certain to affect future years.

68. challenging a When an auditor encounters a situation involving more than one of the conditions requiring a departure from a standard unqualified report, the auditor should modify his or her opinion for each condition unless one has the effect of neutralizing the others. In which of the following situations would the auditor not include more than one modification in the report?

a. There is a material scope limitation, and the auditor is not independent.

b. There is a material GAAP violation, and the auditor is not independent.

c. There is a material scope limitation, and there is substantial doubt about the company’s

ability to continue as a going concern.

d. There is a substantial doubt about the company’s ability to continue as a going concern,

and information about the causes of the uncertainties is not adequately disclosed in a

footnote.

69.

Medium Indicate which changes would require an explanatory paragraph in the audit report. a

Correction of an error by changing from an

accounting principle that is not generally

acceptable to one that is generally acceptable Change from LIFO to FIFO

a.

b.

c.

d. Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

No

Yes

70.

Medium Indicate which changes would require an explanatory paragraph in the audit report. b

Change in the estimated life of an asset Variation in the format of the financial statements

a. Yes

b. No

c. Yes

d. No Yes No No Yes

71.

Medium Indicate which changes would require an explanatory paragraph in the audit report. a

The CPA concludes there is substantial doubt

about the entity’s ability to continue as a

going concern Change from FIFO to LIFO

a. Yes

b. No

c. Yes

d. No Yes No No Yes

72.

Challenging Indicate which changes would require an explanatory paragraph in the audit report. c

A departure from GAAP which, due to unusual circumstances, does not require a qualified or adverse opinion. The CPA makes reference to the work of another auditor to indicate shared responsibility in an unqualified opinion.

a. Yes

b. No

c. Yes

d. No Yes No No Yes

73.

Easy Indicate which changes would require an explanatory paragraph in the audit report. a

Change from LIFO to FIFO Change from FIFO to LIFO

a. Yes

b. No

c. Yes

d. No Yes No No Yes

74.

Challenging Indicate which changes would require an explanatory paragraph in the audit report. b

The existence of related party transactions Important events occurring subsequent to the balance sheet date

a. Yes

b. No

c. Yes

d. No Yes No No Yes

75.

Medium Which auditor report would require only one paragraph? c

Disclaimer due to lack of independence Adverse opinion due to departure from GAAP

a. Yes

b. No

c. Yes

d. No Yes No No Yes

76.

Medium Which auditor report would require only one paragraph? b

Disclaimer due to scope restriction Qualified opinion due to scope restriction

a. Yes

b. No

c. Yes

d. No Yes No No Yes

77.

Challenging Which auditor report must have at least four paragraphs? d

Unqualified opinion indicating shared responsibility with another auditor Unqualified opinion expressing substantial doubt that the company is a going concern

a. Yes

b. No

c. Yes

d. No Yes No No Yes

78.

Challenging Which auditor report must have at least four paragraphs? c

Qualified opinion due to scope restriction Disclaimer due to a scope restriction

a. Yes

b. No

c. Yes

d. No Yes No No Yes

79.

Medium Which auditor report must have at least four paragraphs? a

Qualified opinion due to departure from GAAP Adverse opinion due to departure from GAAP

a. Yes

b. No

c. Yes

d. No Yes No No Yes

80.

Medium Which auditor report must have at least four paragraphs? d

Disclaimer due to lack of independence Report required due to omission of the Statement of Cash Flows

a. Yes

b. No

c. Yes

d. No Yes No No Yes

81.

Medium A CPA would express a qualified opinion with at least four paragraphs for: c

An unjustified accounting change A justified accounting change, properly accounted for

a. Yes

b. No

c. Yes

d. No Yes No No Yes

82.

Medium A CPA would express an unqualified opinion with at least four paragraphs for: d

An unjustified accounting change A justified accounting change, properly accounted for

a. Yes

b. No

c. Yes

d. No Yes No No Yes

83.

Medium The reasons for expressing a qualified opinion due to a departure from GAAP are expressed in a paragraph

b a.preceding the scope paragraph.

b.following the scope paragraph.

c.following the opinion paragraph.

d.either preceding or following the opinion paragraph, depending on materiality.

84.

Medium In which situation would the auditor be choosing between “except for” qualified opinion and an adverse opinion?

d a. Th

e auditor lacks independence

b. A client-imposed scope restriction

c. A circumstance-imposed scope restriction

d. Lack of full disclosure required by footnotes

Essay Questions

85.

easy

Discuss how materiality affects audit reporting decisions.

Answer:

When determining the appropriate audit report to issue, the auditor considers three levels

of materiality for a given condition. These three levels are (1) immaterial, (2) material

without overshadowing the financial statements as a whole, and (3) highly material. For

conditions involving a GAAP violation, the materiality level of the violation influences

whether an unqualified, qualified, or adverse opinion is issued. For conditions involving a

scope restriction, the materiality of the restriction influences whether an unqualified

report, a qualified scope and opinion report, or a disclaimer of opinion is issued.

86. medium There are five conditions that must be met before an auditor can issue a standard unqualified report for the audit of a private company. Please discuss each of these five conditions. Answer:

The five conditions that justify issuing a standard unqualified report are:

?All statements—balance sheet, income statement, statement of retained earnings, and statement of cash flows—are included in the financial statements.

?The three general standards of GAAS have been followed in all respects on the engagement.

?Sufficient appropriate audit evidence has been accumulated and the auditor can conclude that the three fieldwork standards have been followed.

?The financial statements are presented in accordance with GAAP.

?There are no circumstances requiring the addition of an explanatory paragraph or modification of the wording of the report.

87. medium There are three conditions requiring a departure from an unqualified audit report. Discuss each of these three conditions and state the appropriate audit report for each condition.

Answer:

The three conditions requiring a departure from an unqualified report are:

? a scope restriction imposed by the client or by circumstances beyond the auditor’s or client’s control which prevents the auditor from accumulating sufficient evidence to

reach a conclusion regarding whether financial statements are stated in accordance

with GAAP. In this condition, the auditor would issue either a qualified scope and

opinion report, or a disclaimer of opinion.

?the financial statements were not prepared in accordance with GAAP. In this condition, the auditor would issue a qualified opinion if the GAAP violation were

moderately material, or an adverse opinion if the GAAP violation were highly

material.

?the auditor is not independent. In this condition, the auditor must issue a disclaimer of opinion.

88. medium In certain circumstances, an auditor will issue an unqualified report, but the wording will differ from that of a standard unqualified report. Discuss each of the five circumstances when an auditor would issue an unqualified report with an explanatory paragraph or modified wording. Answer:

An unqualified report with an explanatory paragraph or modified wording is appropriate in the following circumstances:

?Lack of consistent application of GAAP. When the client has not followed generally accepted accounting principles consistently in the current period in relation to the

preceding period, an unqualified opinion with an explanatory paragraph following

the opinion paragraph is appropriate.

?Substantial doubt about continuing as a going concern. When an auditor concludes there is substantial doubt about the client’s ability to continue as a going concern, an

unqualified opinion with an explanatory paragraph following the opinion paragraph

is appropriate. The auditor also has the option of issuing a disclaimer of opinion.

? A departure from GAAP with which the auditor concurs. If adherence to GAAP would result in misleading financial statements, an unqualified opinion with an

explanatory paragraph is appropriate.

?Emphasis of a matter. If the auditor wants to emphasize specific matters in the audit report, an explanatory paragraph discussing those matters may be added to an

unqualified report.

?Reports involving other auditors. When an auditor relies upon a different CPA firm to perform part of the audit, the auditor can indicate that responsibility for the audit is

shared with another CPA firm by modifying the wording of an unqualified report.

89. medium An audit report prepared by Garrett and Brown, CPAs, is provided below. The audit for the year ended December 31, 2007 was completed on March 1, 2008, and the report was issued to Javlin Corporation, a private company, on March 13, 2008. List any deficiencies in this report. Do not rewrite the report.

Answer:

The audit report contains the following deficiencies:

?The report title is missing.

?The report is not addressed to anyone and should be addressed to shareholders or the board of directors.

?The introductory paragraph should ref er to an “audit,” not an “examination.”

?The introductory paragraph should list the financial statements that were audited.

?The introductory paragraph refers to the wrong company.

?The scope paragraph should state the audit was conducted in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America, not generally

accepted accounting principles.

?“Those principles …” should read “Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial

statements are free of material misstatements.”

?The scope paragraph should contain the following phrase: “An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by

management, as well as evaluating the ov erall financial statement presentation.”

?Following the scope paragraph, there should be an explanatory paragraph that discusses the GAAP violation related to the failure to capitalize certain lease

obligations.

?In the opinion paragraph, the auditor should state that the financial statements present fairly…, not present accurately…

?In the opinion paragraph, the phrase “…in all material respects…” should be included.

?In the opinion paragraph, the phrase “…and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year then ended…” should be included.

?The audit report should be dated March 13, 2008.

90. medium Discuss the differences regarding how matters affecting consistency and matters affecting comparability are referred to in the audit report. Provide two examples of each type of change. Answer:

The auditor should disclose a material lack of consistent application of GAAP by adding an explanatory paragraph after the unqualified opinion paragraph. The explanatory paragraph should discuss the nature of the change and should refer to the footnote in the financial statements that discusses the change. Changes that affect comparability, but not consistency, require no such explanatory paragraph in the audit report, assuming the change is disclosed in the footnotes.

Examples of changes affecting consistency include changes in accounting principles, changes in reporting entities, and correction of errors involving accounting principles.

Examples of changes affecting comparability include changes in an estimate, error corrections not involving accounting principles, variations in the format and presentation of financial information, and changes because of substantially different transactions or events.

91. (Public) medium The following is a portion of an adverse audit report issued for a public company. (Note: A separate report was issued on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting.)

Required:

Complete the above adverse audit report by preparing the opinion paragraph. Do not date or sign the report.

Answer:

In our opinion, because of the effects of the matters discussed in the preceding paragraph, the financial statements referred to above do not present fairly, in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles, the financial position of Wallace Corporation as of December 31, 2007, or the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year then ended.

92.

The following is a portion of a qualified audit report issued for a private company:

medium

Required:

Complete the above qualified audit report by preparing the opinion paragraph. Do not date or

sign the report.

Answer:

In our opinion, except for the effects of capitalizing lease obligations, as discussed in the

preceding paragraph, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all

material respects, the financial position of Tamarak Corporation as of October 31, 2007,

and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year then ended in conformity

with generally accepted accounting principles.

93. (Public) medium The following is a portion of a qualified scope and opinion report due to a scope restriction. (Note: A separate report was issued on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting.)

Required:

Complete the above report by preparing the opinion paragraph. Do not date or sign the report. Answer:

In our opinion, except for the effects of such adjustments, if any, as might have been determined to be necessary had we been able to examine evidence regarding the foreign affiliate investment and earnings, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Fast Times Corporation as of September 30, 2007, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year then ended in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles.

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(完整版)劳顿管理信息系统习题集-第14章项目管理

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管理信息系统答案

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管理信息系统第五章习题

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