中考英语语法系列复习专题1名词

语法系列复习专题一-----名词

名词的分类

专有名词：指某人，某地，某机构等专有的名称，其首字母要大写。如HongKong,

China,Bill Clinton,Red Cross

个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如 student,book

名普可数名词

词通集体名词：表示若干个体组成的集合体，如：family,school,

group, people 名

词不可数名词物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：cotton,air,tea

抽象名词：表示抽象概念，如:work，happiness,news 2．名词的复数

可数名词有单、复数形式，其复数的构成规则如下：

1）绝大多数在词尾加s。如：book,books;bag,bags;cup,cups;face,faces.

2）以ch,sh,s,x,o结尾的名词加es。如：

watch,watches;brush,brushes;hero,heroes;class,classes;box,boxes;tomato,tomatoes

下列以o结尾的词加s构成复数：piano , photo ,radio ,zoo, bamboo ,kilo 3）以辅音字母＋y结尾的名词，将y改为i，再加es。例如：baby,babies;family,families;

以元音字母＋y结尾的名词，直接加s。例如：boy,boys;key,keys

4）以f或fe结尾的名词，先将f或fe改为v，再加es构成复数形式，如：leaf,leaves;

wife,wives.但有些以f结尾的名词，是在f后加s构成复数，常见的有：

roof,chief,belief,gulf等。个别的两种方式都可以，如：handkerchiefs,handkerchieves 5）少数名词的复数形式是不规则的，要一一背记：

man→men; woman→women; Englishman→Englishmen;foot→feet;

tooth→teeth; child→children; mouse→mice

少数名词的单、复数形式相同，如：Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,fish,means(注：

fishes表不同种类的鱼)

6）复合名词：

A.含man或woman的复合名词，两部分都变为复数形式。如：two men teachers,

four women doctors

B.将复合名词中的主体名词变为复数形式，如：

lookers-on旁观者，editors-in-chief总编辑, passers-by过路人

C.如果没有主体名词，就在词尾后加s。如：

grown-ups 成年人，go-betweens 中间人

7）以复数形式出现的名词：trousers,glasses眼镜，scales天平，savings储蓄，findings 调查结果，doings行为，surroundings环境，arms武器，fireworks

烟火，remains残余，thanks感谢，riches财富，ashes灰烬，stairs 楼梯8）有些名词在一定的词组中要用复数形式。例如：

take pains下功夫,made preparations作准备，give regards to 问候

2.名词的所有格

1）名词的所有格一般用于有生命的名词。其构成多在词尾加上“’s”,如：Tom’s bike, Marx’s works

以s结尾的专有名词，在词尾后加“’”或“’s”。如：Engels’/Engels’s w orks

以s结尾的复数名词，只在词尾加“’”。如：students’ homework,a workers’ night

school 一所工人夜校，不以s结尾的复数名词，仍在词尾加“’s”。如：men’s clothes

男士衣服children’s books儿童读物

2）如果一个事物为两个人共有，只在后一个名词的词尾加“’s”，如果不是共有，就要在两个名词的词尾分别加上“’s”。例如：Tom and Mike’s room汤姆和迈克合住的房间T om’s and M ike’s rooms汤姆、迈克各自的房间

3）表示店铺或某人的家时，常在名词所有格后省去shop,house等名词。

如：the tailor’s 裁缝店，the barber’s理发店，go to the doctor’s上诊所，

at my uncle s在我叔叔家

4）表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的名词，可以在词尾加“’s”或“’”来表示所有格。如：today’s newspaper,half an hour’s rest,two weeks’ work,ten minutes′wal k,China’s

population,Shanghai’s industry

5）表示无生命的名词一般用of短语表示所有关系。如：

the students of their school, the teachers of Grade 2

6）表示所属物的名词前如果有不定冠词、数词、不定代词，常用“of＋所有格”来表示所属关系。例如：

He is an old friend of my father’s.This is a picture of Mary’s.

考点分析

1．He gained his _______by printing _______of famous writers

A.wealth; work

B.wealths; works

C.weaths;work

D.wealth ;works

2.Many people agree that_______ knowledge of English is a must in ______

international trade today.

A.a; ×

B.the ; an

C.the ;the

D.×;the

3.Oh, John _____you gave us !

A.How a great surprise

B.How pleasant surprise

C.What a pleasant surprise

D.What pleasant surprise

4. She broke a _______ while she was washing up .

A.glass wine

B.wine glass

C.wine’s glass

D.glass of wine

5.________terrible weather we’ve been having these days!

A.What

B.What a

C.How

D.How a

6.Shortly after the accident ,two _______police were sent to the spot to keep order .

A.dozens of

B.dozens

C.dozens’ of

D.dozen

7.I’ll look into the matter as soon as possible .Just have a little ______.

A.wait

B.time

C.patience

D.rest

8.If by any chance someone comes to see me ,ask them to leave a _________.

A.message

B.letter

C.sentence

D.notice

专题练习

1._________from Beijing to London!

A.How long way it is

B.What a long way is it

C.How long way is it

D.What a long way it is

2.We’ve worked out the plan ,and now we must put it into________.

A.fact

B.practice

C.reality

D.deed

3.Electrcity , like other forms of ________ ,has greatly increased in price.

A.pressure

B.force

C.strength

D.energy

4．That fellow is clever ; he has ___________.

A.brain

B.a brain

C.the brain

D.brains

5.Julie went to the ________ to buy a pair of shoes.

A.shoes store

B.shoe’s store

C.shoe store

D.shoes’ store

6.Those ______ took lots of ______ in the Summer Palace.

A.Germen; photoes

B.Germen; photos

C.Germans; photos

D.Germans; photoes

7.All possible means __________ to save the hero.

A.has tried

B.have tried

C.has been tried

D.have been tried

8.——Whose car is it ?

——It’s________.

A.Tom and Mary

B.Tom’s and Mary’s

C.Tom’s and Mary

D.Tom and Mary’s

9.There are 5____ in th fields.

A.heads of cattles

B.heads of cattle

C.head of cattles

D.head of cattle

10.He is the very thief the police ________ looking for .

A.is

B.are

C.has

D.have

11.All but Jack __________ here just now .

A.is

B.are

C.was

D.were

12.He knows almost everything .So we say he is a man of many _________.

A.knowleges

B.presents

C.gifts

D.rewards

13.Carelessness is the usual __________ of fire.

A.way

B.excuse

C.cause

D.reason

14.The girl is quite ________to her mother now .

A.a help

B.helps

C.help

D.helpness

15._______is coming to give us a lecture .

A.A manager and an expert

B.A manager and expert

C.Manager and expert

D.Manager and an expert

16.Most of the bridges over the river are made of __________.

A.stone

B.the stone

C.a stone

D.the stones

17.If you hurt her _________ ,you should apologize.

A.feelings

B.feel

C.feels

D.feeling

18.I’ll go and call at __________ right after school.

A.the doctor

B.the Smiths

C.Smith

D.my uncle’s

19.The shop will be closed during_________.

A.repairs

B.a repair

C.repair

D.repairing

20.The________we saw yesterday come out to the farm once in a while.

A.mouse

B.deer

C.dog

D.cow

21.My brother didn’t find army life to his __________.

A.like

B.taste

C.quality

D.favour

22.Though they hadn’t met for long ,he recognized her ___________.

A.voice

B.noise

C.sound

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/155167297.html,ughter

23.Learning that they were to have a picnic,the children were in _______.

A.the high spirit

B.high spirits

C.a high spirit

D.high spirit

24.After _______ silence ,they began to write letters to each other .

A.three-year

B.a three-year

C.three years

D.three years s

25.If these trousers are too big ,buy a smaller__________.

A.copy

B.pair

C.piece

D.set

26.That daughter of Jack’s is ______.

A.a good fun

B.good runs

C.good fun

D.good funny

27._______will make a trip around the world during the coming Christmas.(93年上海高考题)

A.The Evenses’

B.The Evens’

C.The Evenses

D.The Evens

28.He is one of the most successful_______ in the city.

A.newspaper’s writer

B.newspaper writers

C.nesapapers’ writer

D.newspaper writer

29.——Where is your brother?

——At_____.

A.Mr Green’s

B.Greens

C.the Mr Green’s

D.the Greens

30.——Are you _______ ,Mr Black?

——Yes ,I speak______.

A.English ; the English language

B.the English ; English

C.an Englishman; on English language

D.an English ; English

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专题一名词 Ⅰ.名词的定义 名词是表示人、事物、现象和其他抽象概念的名称的词。名词可分为专有名词和普 名词。 专有名词是具体的人和事物等特有名称。专有名词的第一个字母要大写，人名、地名 公共节日及月份、周日的名称等等都是属于专有名词。（见资料） 如：Yao Ming 姚明； China 中国；Christmas 圣诞节等。 Ⅱ. 可数名词和不可数名词普通名词按照其所表示的事物的性质分为可数 名词和不可数名词。 1．可数名词可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。如：an apple; two apples 。 ★注意： a 用于以辅音音素( 指音标) 开头的单数名词前； an 用于以元音音素( 指音标) 开头的单数名词前。 如：a book/buk/, a useful/ju:sful/ book ，an apple/’aepl/ ，a red apple , an hour/’aua/ 2．不可数名词: 不可数名词包括物质名词和抽象名词，没有复数形式。(1)物质名词。如： water; rice; tea; milk; food; fruit; meat; fish(鱼肉); chicken(鸡肉); beef; mutton; orange(橙汁)；sugar; salt; paper(纸); porridge; bread; sand; juice等。这类不可数名词需要计量时要在名词前加表示量的词。如：a cup of tea; two bags of rice; three bottles of water 等。 (2)抽象名词。如： news; music; time(时间); information等。 (3)不可数名词不能与数词或不定冠词连用。 (4)注意有些名词既可做可数名词也可做不可数名词。 如：fish; time; glass; orange; room; noise; chicken等。但使用时一定要区分它们表达的不同意义。 Ⅲ. 名词的数 (1)元音或词尾发生变化 如：man→men; woman→women; Frenchman→Frenchmen; tooth→teeth; foot→feet; child→children (2)单复数形式相同 如：sheep→sheep; fish→fish; Chinese→Chinese; Japanese→Japanese; yuan→yuan (3)形式为单数意思为复数如：people，police（集合名词） (4)形式为复数意思为单数如：news, maths, physics, the United States等。 (5)只用复数形式如：pants, shorts, clothes，glasses(眼镜)等。 3. 不可数名词的量的表示：（不能直接用数字；不能直接加a。an；无复数形式）(1)表不定数量时，一般用much，(a)little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等词修饰。 (2)表确定数量时，一般用“数词＋量词＋of＋不可数名词。 如：a piece of paper, a piece of news, a bag of rice, two glasses of milk, four bottles of water