四级考前模考试卷(一)

四级考前模考试卷（一）

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Hiring Celebrities as Visiting Professors. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below.

1. 目前有不少大学请明星当客座教授

2. 对这一现象，人们看法不同

3. 我的看法……

Hiring Celebrities as Visiting Professors

_________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)

Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked

A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

Eight Things Successful People Do Differently

Why have you been so successful in reaching some of your goals, but not others? If you aren?t sure, you are far from alone in your confusion. It turns out that even brilliant, highly accomplished people are pretty awful when it comes to understanding why they succeed or fail. The intuitive answer — that you are born predisposed to certain talents and lacking in others — is really just one small piece of the puzzle. In fact, decades of research on achievement suggests that successful people reach their goals not simply because of who they are, but more often because of what they do.

Get specific

When you set yourself a goal, try to be as specific as possible. “Lose 5 pounds” is a better goal than “lose some weight”. Knowing exactly what you want to achieve keeps you motivated until you get there. Also, think about the specific actions that need to be taken to reach your goal. Just promising you?ll “eat less” or “sleep more” is t oo vague —be clear and precise. “I?ll be in bed by 10pm on weeknights” leaves no room for doubt about what you need to do, and whether or not you?ve actually done it.

Seize the moment to act on your goals

Given how busy most of us are, and how many goals we are juggling(同时做) at once, it?s not surprising that we routinely miss opportunities to act on a goal because we simply fail to notice them. Did you really have no time to work out today? Achieving your goal means grabbing hold of these opportunities before they slip through your fingers.

To seize the moment, decide when and where you will take each action you want to take, in advance. Again, be as specific as possible. Studies show that this kind of planning will help your brain to detect and seize the opportunity when it arises, increasing your chances of success by roughly 300%.

Know exactly how far you have left to go

Achieving any goal also requires honest and regular monitoring of your progress — if not by others, then by you yourself. If you don?t know how well you are doing, you can?t adjust your behavior or your strategies accordingly. Check your progress frequently — weekly, or even daily, depending on the goal.

Be a realistic optimist

When you are setting a goal, by all means engage in lots of positive thinking about how likely you are to achieve it. Believing in your ability to succeed is enormously helpful for creating and sustaining your motivation. But whatever you do, don?t underestimate how difficult it will be to reach your goal. Most goals worth achieving require time, planning, effort, and persistence. Studies show that thinking things will come to you easily and effortlessly leaves you ill-prepared for the journey ahead, and significantly increases the odds of failure.

Focus on getting better, rather than being good

Many of us believe that our intelligence, our personality, and our physical aptitudes (才能) are fixed — that no matter what we do, we won?t improve. As a result, we focus on goals that are all about proving ourselves, rather than developing and acquiring new skills.

Fortunately, decades of research suggest that the belief in fixed ability is completely wrong — abilities of all kinds are profoundly malleable (可改变的). Embracing the fact that you can change will allow you to make better choices, and reach your fullest potential. People whose goals are about getting better, rather than being good, take difficulty in stride, and appreciate the journey as much as the destination.

Have grit (毅力)

Studies show that gritty people obtain more education in their lifetime, and earn higher college GPAs (grade point average). Grit predicts which cadets (军校学员) will stick out their first difficult year at West Point.

The good news is, if you aren?t particularly gritty now, there is something you can do about it. People who lack grit more often than not believe that they just don?t have the innate abilities succes sful people have — they are wrong. As I mentioned earlier, effort, planning, persistence, and good strategies are what it really takes to succeed. Embracing this knowledge will not only help you see yourself and your goals more accurately, but also do wonders for your grit.

Build your willpower muscle

Your self-control “muscle” is just like the other muscles in your body —when it doesn?t get much exercise, it becomes weaker over time. But when you give it regular workouts by putting it to good use, it will grow stronger and stronger, and be better able to help you successfully reach your goals.

To build willpower, take on a challenge that requires you to do something you?d honestly rather not do. When you find yourself wanting to give in, give up, or just not bother —don?t. Start with just one activity, and make a plan for how you will deal with troubles when they occur (“If I have a desire for a snack, I will eat one piece of fresh fruit.”) It will be hard in the beginning, but it will get easier, and that?s the whole point. As your strength grows, you can take on more challenges and step-up your self-control workout.

Focus on what you will do, not what you won’t do

Do you want to successfully lose weight, quit smoking, or put a lid on your bad temper? Then plan how you will replace bad habits with good ones, rather than focusing only on the bad habits themselves. Research on thought suppression (压制) (e.g., “Don?t think about white bears!”) has shown that trying to avoid a thought makes it even more active in your mind. The same holds true when it comes to behavior —by trying not to engage in a bad habit, our habits get strengthened rather than broken.

If you want to change your ways, ask yourself, …What will I do instead?? For example, if you are trying to gain control of your temper and stop flying off the handle, you might make a plan like “If I am starting to

feel angry, then I will take three deep breaths to calm down.” By using deep breathing as a replacement for giving in to your anger, your bad habit will get worn away over time until it disappears completely.

1. Many people didn?t expect that very successful people _______.

A) can succeed in difficult tasks but fail in very simple ones

B) aren?t clear why they succeed in achieving their goals

C) tend to feel very lonely when they reach their goals

D) are born with some special ability to do something well

2. Why should people be specific when setting a goal?

A) It boosts their confidence. B) It makes the goal easier to achieve.

C) It saves time in reaching the goal. D) It helps sustain their motivation.

3. Very often, people who miss chances to act on a goal attribute the failure to _______.

A) being busy and having no time B) setting too difficult goals

C) getting no notice from others D) hoping for better chances

4. According to studies, when people plan specific actions in advance, _______.

A) there is no doubt that they will fulfill their dreams

B) they have greater possibilities of reaching their goals

C) they are able to get their work done more efficiently

D) they are more likely to persist in face of difficulty

5. The author suggests that monitoring your progress regularly _______.

A) should be done by people around you

B) is helpful for determining whether the goal is realistic

C) enables you to make necessary adjustment in actions

D) is not always essential depending on the goal

6. Thinking that goals are not difficult to reach _______.

A) prepares people better for challenges

B) prevents people from shying away from hardships

C) helps people cope with difficulty calmly

D) significantly raises the possibility of failure

7. What does the author say about people believing in fixed ability?

A) They don?t focus on goals that improve themselves.

B) They are more willing to commit to long-term goals.

C) They can?t take on many challenging tasks at one time.

D) Their goals are to get better instead of being good.

8. People lacking determination usually believe that they are not born with _____________________________________ that successful people have.

9. Your ability to control your mind and body will become stronger if you _____________________________________ and use it properly.

10. According to some research, if you try to suppress thinking about white bears, it just becomes

_____________________________________ in your brain.

Part III Listening Comprehension(35 minutes) Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

11. A) Quit their jobs at the same time.

B) Establish a firm in collaboration.

C) Enrich their poor knowledge in business.

D) Take an adventurous trip with their savings.

12. A) People should not idle away their life.

B) People should have made greater achievement.

C) People should avoid being killed unexpectedly.

D) People should have taken things more seriously.

13. A) Time passes very quickly.

B) The woman is wrong about the pick-up time.

C) He doesn?t have anything to do.

D) Before lunch is a great time to pick up the papers.

14. A) She has to work to support herself. B) Her classes are not difficult.

C) She goes to a full-time school. D) She takes evening courses.

15. A) Jack survived the accident. B) Jack saved all the other passengers.

C) Jack had little damage done to his car. D) Jack was the only victim of the accident.

16. A) Her mild temper. B) Her broad knowledge.

C) Her teaching style. D) Her detailed answers.

17. A) It won?t come out until June 26.

B) It hasn?t been returned by the borrower.

C) It is not available unless it has been reserved.

D) It was withdrawn from the shelf as a back issue.

18. A) Their healthy lifestyle. B) Their work environment.

C) Their outgoing personality. D) Their usual food and drink.

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

19. A) The rock-climbing training involves a lot of preparation.

B) Rock-climbing is safe if you are experienced enough.

C) The woman is not excited about the first class in rock-climbing.

D) The speakers will take a climbing trip in the early spring when the ice breaks.

20. A) One is safe if he is very careful.

B) Hi-tech safety equipment ensures one?s safety.

C) A lot of people do rock-climbing and they are OK.

D) There are no dangerous places nearby to do rock-climbing.

21. A) She can make a lot of friends.

B) She can work more efficiently.

C) She can learn mental discipline.

D) She can get more familiar with the man.

22. A) He might join the class.

B) He will join the class if the woman does.

C) He still thinks it unworthy to join the class.

D) He will tell the woman once he has made a decision.

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

23. A) It?s difficult to obtain happiness.

B) Happiness is only a state of mind.

C) Happiness is closely related to material life.

D) People shouldn?t always ask what happiness is.

24. A) They have no dreams.

B) They don?t feel being loved.

C) They get used to what they have.

D) They only cherish the material things.

25. A) Expensive ones. B) Cheap ones.

C) Gifts made carefully. D) Gifts that won?t last.

Section B

Directions:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.

26. A) Pets? value in medical research.B) What pets bring to their owners.

C) How pets help people calm down. D) People?s opinions of keeping pets.

27. A) If he has a pet companion. B) If he has less stress of work.

C) If he often does mental calculation. D) If he is taken care of by his family.

28. A) They have lower blood pressure. B) They become more patient.

C) They are in higher spirits. D) They are less nervous.

29. A) People with dogs did more exercise.

B) Dogs lost the same weight as people did.

C) Dogs liked exercise much more than people did.

D) People without dogs found the program unhelpful.

Passage Two

Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.

30. A) Olivetti earned more in the 1960s than in the 1950s.

B) By 1930 Olivetti produced 13,000 typewriters a year.

C) Some of Olivet ti?s 700 staff regularly visited customers in Italy.

D) Olivetti set up offices in other countries from the very beginning.

31. A) Camillo Olivetti?s death. B) Its slow progress.

C) A period of financial problem. D) Its agreements with other companies.

32. A) It produces the best typewriter in the world.

B) It exports more typewriters than other computers.

C) It designs the world?s first mainframe computer.

D) It has five independent companies with its head office in Ivrea.

Passage Three

Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

33. A) He never watched TV. B) He read what he had to.

C) He found reading unbelievable. D) He considered reading part of his life.

34. A) It helps him to realize his dream.

B) It opens up a wider world for him.

C) It makes his college life more interesting.

D) It increases his interest in worldwide travel.

35. A) Why do I read? B) How do I read?

C) What do I read? D) When do I read?

Section C

Directions:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.

Today we talk about the difference between a college and a university. Colleges and universities have a lot in (36) ________. They prepare young adults for work. They provide a greater (37) ________ of the world and its past. And they help students learn to (38) ________ the arts and sciences.

Students who attend either a college or a university (39) ________ take four years to complete a program of study. But one difference is that many colleges do not offer (40) ________ study programs or support research projects.

Universities often are much larger than colleges. Universities carry out a lot of research. They offer more programs in different areas of study, for undergraduate and graduate students. (41) ________ universities developed from those of the Middle Ages in Europe. The word “university” came from the Latin “universitas”. This described a group of people organized for a common (42) ________.

“College” came from a Latin word with a (43) ________ meaning, “collegium”. In England, colleges were formed to provide students with places to live. (44) ____________________________________________________.

Today, most American colleges offer an area of study called liberal arts. The liberal arts are subjects first developed and taught in ancient Greece. They trained a person?s mind. (45) ________________________________.

Another meaning of “college” is a part of a university. (46) __________________________________________. This is still true.

Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) Section A

Directions:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.

Advice to “sleep on it” could be well founded, scientists say. After a good night?s sleep, a problem that seemed insurmountable(不能克服的) the night before can often appear more 47 , although the evidence until now has been anecdotal (轶事的).

But researchers at the University of Luebek in Germany have designed an experiment that shows a good night?s sleep can 48 insight and problem-solving. Dr. Jan Born, a neuroscientist at the university, and his team taught volunteers two simple rules to help them 49 a string of numbers into a new order. There was also a third, 50 rule, which could help them increase their speed in solving the problem. The researchers divided the volunteers into two groups: half were allowed to sleep after the training while the 51 were forced to stay awake. They noticed that the group that had slept after the training were twice as 52 to figure out the third rule as the other group.

“You have a memory representation in your brain of the problem you want to solve, and then you sleep. Sleep can act on the problem,” Born said in a telephone interview. But he also admitted that how restructuring of memories occurs or what governs it is still 53 .

Other scientists say the 54 evidence supports the anecdotal suggestions that sleep can stimulate creative thinking.

Although the role of sleep in human creativity will 55 be a mystery, the research gives people good reason to 56 respect their periods of sleep.

Section B

Directions:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

Many of us sit in front of a computer for eight hours a day, and then go home and head for the couch to surf the Web or watch television, exchanging one seat and screen for another. Even if we try to squeeze in an hour at the gym, is it enough to counteract (抵消) all that motionless sitting?

A mounting body of evidence suggests not.

Increasingly, research is focusing not on how much exercise people get, but how much of their time is spent in sedentary (久坐的) activity, and the harm that does.

The latest findings, published this week in The Journal of the American College of Cardiology, indicate that the amount of leisure time spent sitting in front of a screen can have such an overwhelming, seemingly irreparable(无法弥补的) impact on one?s health that physical activit y doesn?t produce much benefit.

The study followed 4,512 middle-aged Scottish men for a little more than four years on average. It found that those who said they spent two or more leisure hours a day sitting in front of a screen were at double the risk of a heart attack or other heart events compared with those who watched less. Those who spent four or more hours of recreational time in front of a screen were 50 percent more likely to die of any cause. It didn?t matter whether the men were physically active for several hours a week — exercise didn?t reduce the risk associated with the high amount of sedentary screen time.

The study is not the first to suggest that sedentary activities like television viewing may be harmful.

A 2009 study reported that young children who watch one and a half to five and a half hours of TV a day have higher blood pressure readings than those who watch less than half an hour, even if they are thin and physically active.

Recreational screen time has an “independent, injurious relationship” with heart and the blood vessels events and death of all causes, the paper concluded, possibly because it induces metabolic (新陈代谢) changes.

The study focused on recreational screen time because it?s the easiest to reduce, Dr. Stamatakis

said. But he encouraged employees who work at computers all day to get up and take breaks and short walks periodically.

57. According to the passage, more and more evidence proves that ______.

A) people doing regular exercises after work tend to enjoy good health

B) people nowadays seem to spend excessive time seated at home

C) the time people spend watching TV is increasing dramatically

D) physical activities don?t reduce the bad effect of long time?s sitting

58. What do we learn from the study published in The Journal of the American College of

Cardiology?

A) The more people watch TV, the healthier they will become.

B) The amount of exercises people get should be taken seriously.

C) The harm done by sedentary activities seems impossible to repair.

D) Exercise can make up for damage caused by high amount of sitting time.

59. A 2009 study supported the idea that ______.

A) physical inactivity may do harm to people?s health

B) the length of time spent in taking exercises do matter

C) television viewers are more likely to die of heart diseases

D) thin teenagers are immune to disease caused by watching TV

60. Why leisure time spent in front of the screen is related to heart diseases?

A) Some content of the TV programs makes the heart beat faster.

B) It causes chemica l processes in people?s body to change.

C) Extended sitting slows circulating blood to the heart.

D) Radiation from the screen causes physical harm to the heart.

61. Dr. Stamatakis suggested people who rely on computers to work ______.

A) secretly combine business with leisure

B) quit their current jobs as soon as possible

C) take breaks from the screen at regular intervals of time

D) get up early so as to take regular exercises in the morning

Passage Two

Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

If two scientists at Los Alamos National Laboratory are correct, people will still be driving gasoline-powered cars 50 years from now, giving out heat-trapping carbon dioxide into the atmosphere —and yet that carbon dioxide will not contribute to global warming.

The scientists, F. Jeffrey Martin and William L. Kubic Jr., are proposing a concept, which they have named Green Freedom, for removing carbon dioxide from the air and turning it back into gasoline.

The idea is simple. Air would be blown over a liquid solution which would absorb the carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide would then be extracted (提取) and subjected to chemical reactions that would turn it into fuel.

Although they have not yet built a synthetic fuel factory, or even a small prototype (原型), the scientists say it is all based on existing technology.

“Everything in the concept has been built, is operating or has a close cousin that is operating,” Dr. Martin said.

The Los Alamos proposal does not violate any laws of physics, and other scientists have independently suggested similar ideas.

In the efforts to reduce humanity?s emissions o f carbon dioxide, three solutions have been offered: hydrogen(氢)-powered fuel cells, electric cars and biofuels. Biofuels are gasoline substitutes produced from plants like corn or sugar cane. Plants absorb carbon dioxide as they grow, but growing crops for fuel takes up wide strips of land.

Hydrogen-powered cars emit no carbon dioxide, but producing hydrogen requires copious (大量的) energy, and if that energy comes from coal-fired power plants, then the problem has not been solved.

Electric cars also push the carbon dioxide problem to the power plant. And electric cars have typically been limited to a range of tens of miles as opposed to the hundreds of miles that can be driven on a tank of gas.

Gasoline, it turns out, is an almost ideal fuel (except that it produces CO2). If it can be made out of carbon dioxide in the air, the Los Alamos concept may mean there is little reason to switch, after all.

“It?s definitely worth pursuing,” said Martin I. Hoffert, a professor of physics at New York University. Other scientists also said the proposal looked promising but could not evaluate it fully because the details had not been published.

62. What is most remarkable about the proposal made by the two scientists?

A) It is given a special name. B) No law of physics is violated.

C) It is based on existing technology. D) CO2 can be converted into fuel.

63. What does the author say about biofuels?

A) They are considered as ideal substitutes for fossil fuels.

B) It is a great waste to use so many plants to produce fuels.

C) They help ease global warming but will use a large area of land.

D) Cars using biofuels have a longer range than cars running on gas.

64. The biggest problem with hydrogen-powered cars is that ______.

A) there is no cheap source of hydrogen energy

B) they may still be a cause of global warming

C) safety problems might occur in hydrogen production

D) they are not suitable for long-distance travel

65. What will happen if what is proposed by the two scientists becomes true?

A) There will be no need for gasoline substitutes.

B) Air pollution will become a thing of the past.

C) People will be able to use much cheaper energy.

D) There will be no more gasoline-powered vehicles.

66. What is the author?s purpose of writing this passage?

A) To compare different energy sources.

B) To introduce a new concept of zero carbon gasoline.

C) To explain why gasoline is important to us.

D) To discus how to solve the problem of global warming.

Part V Cloze (15 minutes)

Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Another perso n?s enthusiasm was what set me

moving toward the success I have achieved. That person

was my stepmother.

I was nine years old when she entered our home in

rural Virginia. My father 67 me to her with these 67. A) rushed B) sent

words: “I would like you to meet the fellow who is 68 for being the worst boy in this county and will probably start throwing rocks at you no 69 than tomorrow morning.”

My stepmother walked over to me, 70 my head slightly upward, and looked me right in the eye. Then she looked at my father and rep lied, “You are 71 . This

is not the worst boy at all, 72 the smartest one who hasn?t yet found an outlet(释放的途径) for his enthusiasm.”

That statement began a(n) 73 between us. No one had ever called me smart. My family and neighbors had built me up in my 74 as a bad boy. My stepmother changed all that.

She changed many things. She 75 my father to go to a dental school, from which he graduated with honors. She moved our family into the county seat, where my father?s career could be more 76 and my

brother and I could be better 77 .

When I turned fourteen, she bought me a secondhand 78 and told me that she believed that I could become a writer. I knew her enthusiasm, I 79 it，and I saw how it had improved our lives. I accepted her 80 and began to write for local newspapers. I was

doing the same kind of 81 that great day I went to interview Andrew Carnegie and received the task which became my life?s work later. I wasn?t the 82

beneficiary (受益者). My father became the 83 man in town. My brother and stepbrothers became a

C) carried D) introduced

68. A) distinguished B) favored

C) mistaken D) rewarded

69. A) sooner B) later

C) longer D) earlier

70. A) dragged B) shook

C) raised D) bent

71. A) perfect B) right

C) wrong D) impolite

72. A) but B) so

C) and D) or

73. A) agreement B) friendship

C) gap D) relationship

74. A) opinion B) image

C) expectation D) mind

75. A) begged B) persuaded

C) ordered D) invited

76. A) successful B) meaningful

C) helpful D) useful

77. A) treated B) entertained

C) educated D) respected

78. A) camera B) radio

C) bicycle D) typewriter

79. A) considered B) suspected

C) ignored D) appreciated

80. A) belief B) request

C) criticism D) description

81. A) teaching B) writing

C) studying D) reading

82. A) next B) same

C) only D) real

83. A) cleverest B) wealthiest

C) strongest D) healthiest

physician, a dentist, a lawyer, and a college president.

What power 84 has! When that power is released

to support the certainty of one?s purpose and is 85 strengthened by faith, it becomes an irresistible (不可抗拒的) force which poverty and temporary defeat can never 86 .

You can communicate that power to anyone who needs it. This is probably the greatest work you can do with your enthusiasm. 84. A) enthusiasm B) sympathy

C) fortune D) confidence

85. A) deliberately B) happily

C) traditionally D) constantly

86. A) win B) reach

C) match D) doubt

Part VI Translation (5 minutes)

Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2.

87. The careless man received a ticket for speeding. He _____________________________ (本不应

还开这么快).

88. They _____________________________ (被拒绝进入) to the exhibition because they were

foreigners.

89. Anna was reading a piece of science fiction, _____________________________ (完全沉浸在此

书中了).

90. The people living in these apartments _____________________________ (有免费享用该游泳池

的机会).

91. _____________________________ (破坏非常严重) that the city took decades to recover from

the earthquake.

人力资源管理师四级考前冲刺精选试题及答案解析(附答案解析)

人力资源管理师四级考前冲刺精选试题及答案解析（附答案解析） 一、选择题 1在常见的绩效信息采集方法中,()是考评人员到有关数据统计或汇总的权威部门查证有关数据采集考核信息。 A.实地调查法 B.现场记录法 C.数据积累法 D.问卷调查法 参考答案：C 参考解析： 常见的绩效信息采集方法包括:①实地调查法;②现场记录法;③数据积累法; ④问卷调查法;⑤抽样调查法。其中,数据积累法是指考评人员到有关数据统计或汇总的权威部门查证有关数据采集考核信息。 2下列陈述中,符合绩效考核指标设置要求的是()。 A.让顾客完全满意 B.熟悉设备的使用和维护 C.尽量节约时间 D.每月废品率不超过1% 参考答案：D 参考解析：

绩效应以完成工作所达到的可接受的条件为标准,不宜定得过高。由于绩效标准是考评评判的基础,因此,必须客观化、定量化,具体做法是将考评要项逐一分解,形成考评的评判标准。只有D项指标符合客观化、定量化的要求。 3绩效管理制度的基本内容不包括()。 A.绩效管理的目标 B.员工申诉的管理办法 C.职位晋升的标准 D.考评结果应用原则及配套措施 参考答案：C 参考解析： 在起草和编写企业员工绩效管理制度时,至少应当包括以下十个方面的基本内容:①概括说明建立绩效管理制度的原因、绩效管理的地位和作用;②对绩效管理的组织机构设置、职责范围、业务分工,以及各级参与绩效管理活动的人员的责任、权限、义务和要求做出具体的规定;③明确规定绩效管理的目标、程序和步骤,以及具体实施过程中应当遵守的基本原则和具体的要求;④对各类人员绩效考评的方法、设计的依据和基本原理、考评指标和标准体系做出简要确切的解释和说明;⑤详细规定绩效考评的类别、层次和考评期限;⑥对绩效管理中所使用的报表格式、考评量表、统计口径、填写方法、评述撰写和上报期限,以及对考评结果偏误的控制和剔除提出具体的要求;⑦对绩效考评结果的应用原则和要求,以及与之配套的薪酬奖励、人事调整、晋升培训等规章制度的贯彻实施和相关政策的兑现办法做出明确规定;⑧对各个职能和业务部门年度绩效管理总结、表彰活动和要求做出原则规定;⑨对绩效考评中员工申诉的权利、具体程序和管理办法

大学英语四级考试模考试题

大学英语四级考试预测试题二 Part I Writing （30 minutes）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay according to the following instructions. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Dama* square dance culture has generated some controversy recently. On the one hand, Dama square dance reflects social progress and the increasingly colorful life of senior citizens. On the other hand, many citizens who live near the square are disturbed by the noise of Dama square dance. What?s your opinion of Dama square dance? What ?s your suggestion toward the problem? _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Part II Listening Comprehension （25 minutes）Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A ）, B）, C）and D）. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item. 1. A）Christmas-time attacks made by Somali rebels. C）The killing of more than 70 Ugandans in Kampala. B）An explosion at a bus station in central Nairobi. D）Blasts set off by a Somali group in Uganda ?s capital. 2. A）On Christmas Eve. C）During a security check. B）Just before midnight. D）In the small hours of the morning. Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following news item. 3. A）It is likely to close many of its stores. C）It remains competitive in the recession. B）It is known for the quality of its goods. D）It will expand its online retail business. 4. A）Expand its business beyond groceries. C）Cut its DVD publishing business. B）Fire 25,000 of its current employees. D）Sell the business for one pound. Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following news item. 5. A）All taxis began to use meters. C）Advertisements were allowed on taxis. B）All taxis got air conditioning. D）Old taxis were replaced with new cabs. 6. A） A low interest loan scheme. C）Taxi passengers? c omplaints. B）Environmentalists ?protests. D）Permission for car advertising.

四级考前冲刺试题一

四级考前冲刺试题一 1. 有人认为公交车上年轻人必须给老人让座 2. 有人认为年轻人没有义务给老人让座 3. 你的看法Is Offering Seats Compulsory for Young Passengers? Eat an Apple (Doctor’s Orders) The farm stand is becoming the new apothecary (药剂师), preparing and giving out apples — not to mention vegetables such as artichokes, asparagus and arugula — to fill a novel kind of prescription. Doctors at three health centers in Massachusetts have begun advising patients to eat “prescription produce” from local farmers’ markets, in an effort to fight obesity (when someone is very fat in a way that is unhealthy) in children of low-income families. Now they will give coupons (赠券) amounting to $1 a day for each member of a patient’s family to promote healthy meals. “A lot of these kids have a very limited range of fruits and vegetables that are acceptable and familiar to them. Potentially, they will try more,” said Dr. Suki Tepperberg, a family physician at Codman Square Health Center in Dorchester, one of the program sites. “The goal is to get them to increase their consumption of fruit and vegetables by one serving a day.” The effort may also help farmers’ markets compete with fast-food restaurants selling dollar value meals. Farmers’ markets do more than $1 billion in annual sales in the United States, according to the Agriculture Department. Massachusetts was one of the first states to promote these markets as hubs of preventive health. In the 1980s, for example, the state began issuing coupons for farmers’ markets to low-income women who were pregnant or breast-feeding or for young children at risk for malnutrition (营养不良). Thirty-six states now have such farmers’ market nutri tion programs aimed at women and young children. Thomas M. Menino, the mayor of Boston, said he believed the new children’s program, in which doctors write vegetable “prescriptions” to be filled at farmers’ markets, was the first of its kind. Doctors will track participants to determine how the program affects their eating patterns and to monitor health indicators like weight and body mass index, he said. “When I go to work in the morning, I see kids standing at the bus stop eating chips and drinking a soda,” Mr. Menino said in a phone interview earlier this week. “I hope this will help them change their eating habits and lead to a healthier lifestyle.” The mayor’s attention to healthy eating dates to his days as a city councilman. Most recently he has app ointed a well-known chef as a food policy director to promote local foods in public schools and to foster market gardens in the city. Although obesity is a complex problem unlikely to be solved just by eating more vegetables, supporters of the vegetable coupon program hope that physician intervention will spur young people to adopt the kind of behavioral changes that can help prevent lifelong obesity. Childhood obesity in the United States costs $14.1 billion annually in direct health expenses like prescription drugs and visits to doctors and emergency rooms, according to a recent article on the economics of childhood obesity published in the journal Health Affairs. Treating obesity-related illness in adults costs an estimated $147 billion annually, the article said. Although the vegetable prescription pilot project is small, its supporters see it as a model for encouraging obese children and their families to increase the volume and variety of fresh produce they eat. “Can we help people in low-income areas, who shop in the center of supermarkets for low-cost empty-calorie food, to shop at farmers’ markets by making fruit and vegetables more affordable?” said Gus Schumacher, the chairman of Wholesome Wave, a nonprofit gro up in Bridgeport, Conn., that supports family farmers and community access to locally grown produce. If the pilot project is successful, Mr. Schumacher said, “farmers’ markets would become like a fruit and vegetable pharmacy (药房) for at-risk families.” The pilot project plans to enroll up to 50 families of four at three health centers in Massachusetts that already have specialized children’s programs called healthy weight clinics. A foundation called CAVU, for Ceiling and Visibility Unlimited, sponsors the clinics that are administering the vegetable project. The Massachusetts Department of Agriculture and Wholesome Wave each contributed $10,000 in seed money. (Another arm of the program, at several health centers in Maine, is giving fresh produce coupons to pregnant mothers.) The program i s to run until the end of the farmers’ market season in late fall. One month after Leslie-Ann Ogiste, a certified nursing assistant in Boston, and her 9-year-old son, Makael Constance, received their first vegetable prescription coupons at the Codman Center, they have lost a combined four pounds, she said. A staff member at the center told Ms. Ogiste about a farmers’ market that is five minutes from her apartment, she said. “It worked wonders,” said Ms. Ogiste, who bought and prepared eggplant, cucumbers, tomatoes, summer squash, corn, bok choy, parsley, carrots and red onions. “Just the variety, it did help.” Ms. Ogiste said she had minced some vegetables and used them in soup, pasta sauce and rice dishes — the better to disguise the new good-for-you foods that she served her son. Makael said he did not mind. “It’s really good,” he said. Some nutrition researchers said that the Massachusetts project had a good chance of improving eating habits in the short term. But, they added, a vegetable prescription program in isolation may not have a long-term influence on reducing obesity. Families may revert to their former habits in the winter when the farmers’ markets are closed, these researchers said, or they may not be able to afford fresh pr oduce after the voucher program ends. Dr. Shikha Anand, the medical director of CAVU’s healthy weight initiative, said the group hoped to make the veggie prescript ion project a year-round program through partnerships with grocery stores. But people tend to overeat junk food in higher proportion than they undereat vegetables, said Dr. Deborah A. Cohen, a senior natural scientist at the RAND Corporation. So, unless people curtail (减少) excessive consumption of salty and sugary snacks, she said, behavioral changes like eating more fruit and vegetables will have limited effect on obesity.

大学英语四级考前模考考试卷(一)附问题详解

四级考前模考试卷（一） Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Hiring Celebrities as Visiting Professors. You should write at least 120words according to the outline given below. 1. 目前有不少大学请明星当客座教授 2. 对这一现象，人们看法不同 3. 我的看法…… Hiring Celebrities as Visiting Professors ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and

2016下半年人力资源管理师四级考前冲刺模拟题2

1在SWOT分析图中，位于第Ⅱ象限的企业应采取( )战略。 A.扭转型 B.增长型 C.防御型 D.多种经营型 参考答案：A 参考解析： SWOT法是对企业内部条件和外部环境的综合分析，其在对企业进行综合分析后为企业提供了四种可供选择的战：增长型战(SO)、扭转型战(WO)、防御型战(WT)和多种经营型战(ST)。在SWOT分析图中，位于第Ⅱ象限的企业有外部机会但缺少内部条件，可以采取扭转型战，改变企业内部的不利条件。 2( )不是劳动监督检查制度方面的内容。 A.纠正违反劳动法的行为和现象 B.检查企业的社会保险缴费情况 C.检查企业的劳动安全卫生条件 D.调查和解决企业工资差距问题 参考答案：D 参考解析： 劳动法的监督检查制度是为有效地贯彻实施劳动法，保护劳动者的合法权益，对用人单位和其他有关单位遵守劳动法的情况实行监督、检查、纠偏、处罚活动的主体、监督检查的目的、监督检查的客体、监督检查的方式，对违反劳动法的行为进行制止、纠正和追究违法行为人法律责任的规定的总称。 3下列劳动力需求曲线(图1—2)中，( )表示劳动力需求量变动相对于工资率变动富有弹性。 参考答案：C 参考解析： 4正常情况下，依照法定程序延长的工作时间每月不能超过( )。 A.20小时 B.36小时 C.30小时 D.40小时 参考答案：B 参考解析： 劳动标准制度对工作时间有如下规定：在正常情况下可以低于每日8小时的标准工作日，但是不能约定超过8小时的工作日，依照法定程序延长工作时间的不在此列;即使依照法定程序延长工作时间，在正常情况下，每月也不能超过36小时。 5差异化战略的制定原则包括效益原则、适当原则和( )。 A.领先原则 B.有效原则 C.经济原则 D.持久原则 参考答案：B 参考解析： 差异化战是企业力求在本行业建立区别于其他企业的独特品质，从而得到超过一般报酬水平的战。差异化战的制定原则包括效益原则、适当原则和有效原则。 6( )又称为“华德决策准则”。

大学英语四级考前阅读冲刺复习应做到三精读一略读

大学英语四级考前阅读冲刺复习应做到三精读一略读 距离四级考试还有10天左右的时间，复习也进入了最后阶段，建议各位考生利用这最后的时间进一步提升考试能力,找到冲刺的感觉。 冲刺备考 一、模考。 尚未进行过模考的同学应该利用上午时段，严格按照考试时间进行1-3次模考。模考建议用06年6月四级改革以后的4套真题。由于目前还没有一套模拟题可以像真题一样更贴近真题难度，所以不建议用模拟题。大家一定要通过对真题的模考来检验自己的真实水平，并适应考试的强度。尽量避免出现在考场上大脑一片空白或是在听完听力以后感觉耗尽了精力没办法让自己在集中精神在阅读文章上的情况。新增加的两类题型快速阅读和选词填空到目前为止只考过4次，这4篇真题就是最好的复习依据。 二、新题型。 在四级改革后的4次考试中，快速阅读作为一种新题型，呈现出多样化的特点：有的有小标题，有的没有小标题;有的题型是判断+填空，有的是四选一+填空。在多样化的表象背后有一个共性：那就是快速阅读的考察目的，即考生在短时间内处理大量信息的能力。 这就要求考生必须掌握略读(skimming)和寻读(scanning)技巧。略读，就是只读文章的标题、首段、小标题，了解文章的主题和结构。寻读，就是根据题干的关键词在原文中定位。这里要提醒考生一点，在运用寻读技巧做题的时候，不要像做仔细阅读那样一次把所有题干都看完，建议看一题做一题，按照题目顺序在文章中找定位，这样又快又准确。 快速阅读的四选一题型的难度比仔细阅读低很多，关键是要找到原文的同义替换。判断题NG选项难度稍大，如无把握就判断为N。填空题如果有难度，可以做一个简单的减法:把原文中与题干相同的成分去掉，原文剩下的部分照抄就是答案。 新四级另一种新题型是选词填空。选词填空的难度比完形填空低，主要考察考生的词汇水平。所以对于15个备选单词，考生认识得越多得分就会越高。建议重点背已经考过的选项、完形填空中的选项、阅读文章中不认识的单词以及四级高频词汇。做题技巧是：先把备选单词按词性分类，然后根据空白前后的单词词性来判断该空白填什么词性的单词，最后根据上下句内容来选择正确的单词。 三、老题型的新特点。 新四级的仔细阅读增加了文章的长度和段落数量，题型向细节性方向发展。仔细阅读要求做到三精读一略读。一是精读文章首段和每段第一次出现的结论句，了解文章的主题和结构。二是精读关键词定位的地方，请注意，细节题题干都是相应原文的变形(如同义改写、词性转换等)，因此要找到答案一定要找到题干在原文中的出处，再把原文和选项相比较，

四级考前冲刺试题二

四级考前冲刺试题二 Care of Parents Also Means Taking Care of Finances Denise Egebrecht needed a break. It had been three years since her 86-year-old mother, Eleanor Schwartz, moved in with her and her husband in their home in Johnsburg, Ill. Mrs. Schwartz has Alz heimer’s disease (老年痴呆症) and has trouble moving around, so Mrs. Egebrecht helps her mother with her shower each day, makes sure she’s fed and takes her on small excursions (远足) to the mall in a portable wheelchair. The routine includes occasionally reminding her mother of what day it is and where she’s living. Mrs. Egebrecht does all this while also raising her 8-year-old daughter Jaqueline and juggling a full-time job. “My mom took care of me all of my life,” says Mrs. Egebrecht. “Of course I’m going to ta ke care of her now. She’ll live here as long as she’s able.” But money was an issue. For a time, Mrs. Egebrecht was out of work, having lost her job last year. Although her husband was still employed, without her salary she found it increasingly difficult to pay $180 a week for the adult day care center Mrs. Schwartz attends regularly. Then, through the Family Alliance office in her town, Mrs. Egebrecht heard about a $1,000 “respite care (临时看护)” grant sponsored by the Alzheimer’s Foundation of America (AFA). Intended to give primary caregivers the break they so often need, the grant money must be used to pay for temporary substitute care, said Carol Steinberg, executive vice president of the Alzheimer’s Foundation. Mrs. Egebrecht applied for and received the grant, which meant her mother could continue to go to the adult day care center and Mrs. Egebrecht had time to find another job, which she has. Mrs. Egebrecht is one of the growing numbers of Americans facing the financial squeeze that can come from caring for elderly parents. About 30 percent of adult children in the United States contribute financially to their parents’ care, according to the Pew Research Center. On average these children pay $2,400 a year on everything from uncovered medical expenses to making sure the refrigerator is stocked each week. The money often goes to parents who diligently saved all their lives, but in the face of longer life spans and chronic illness, the savings just isn’t enough. With all of the overwhelming emotional an d medical aspects of caring for elderly parents, it’s natural to ignore the consequences of spending large amounts of money on them. But so often adult children end up ignoring their own savings and retirement accounts or, worse, go into debt, because they’re taking care of their parents, says Tim Casserly, a lawyer in Albany who specializes in issues of elderly care. And if you jeopardize (损害) your own finances now, you risk putting your children in the same tough spot down the line. One way out of this bind? Take full advantage of the hundreds of government and nonprofit programs and services geared to the elderly throughout the country. “There’s lots of help out there, but also lots of reasons why families don’t use it,” said Mr. Casserly. Some people may think their parents have too much money to qualify even though many of the programs are available to elderly people with incomes of more than $100,000. Or the parents may be too proud to accept help. What’s more, these services can be difficult and time-consuming to find. And it can be a challenge to deal with the paperwork and red tape, especially when you’re already overwhelmed by the daily demands of taking care of an older parent. To help make the search for help easier, here is expert advice and several resources that will help you find what you need to take care of your aging parents. THE FIRST STEP Have the hard talk. “So often I see clients who are in the middle of this situation but know very little about their parents’ finances,” said Henni F isher, a Brooklyn clinical social worker who specializes in geriatrics (老人病学). Your parents may be unwilling or unable to give details. Or you may be uncomfortable bringing up the subject. “It isn’t easy making the transition from the one being cared for to the one giving the care,” said Ms. Fisher. But you can’t put the conversation off any longer. Reassure your parents that you’re not trying to take control away from them. You’re simply trying to make sure that they have everything they need and that you understand everything they want.

2012年6月英语四级考前10天冲刺试卷及答案(8)-2

最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！ 洛基英语，免费体验全部在线一对一课程：https://www.sodocs.net/doc/1f6936216.html,/wenkxd.htm（报名网址）Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth ) (25 minutes ) Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not_ use__any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage. Have you ever been afraid to talk back when you were treated 47 ? Have you ever bought something just because the salesman talked you into it? Are you afr aid to ask someone for a date? Many people are afraid to assert (表现) themselves. Dr. Alberti thinks it’s because their self-respect is low. "Our whole 48 is designed to make people distrust themselves," says Alberti. "There’s always ’49 ’aroundT--a parent, a teacher, a boss--who ’knows better’. These superiors often gain when they chip (削弱) away at your self-image." But Alberti and other scientists are doing something to help people 50 themselves. They 51 "assertiveness training" courses--AT for short. In the AT courses people learn that they have a right to be themselves. They learn to speak out and feel good about doing so. They learn to be more 52 without hurting other people. In one way, learning to speak out is to 53 fear. A group taking a course will help the timid person to lose his fear. But AT uses an even stronger 54 --the need to share. The timid person speaks out in the group because he wants to tell how he feels. Whether or not you speak up for yourself depends on your self-image. If someone you face is more "important" than you, you may feel less of a person. You start to 55 your own good sense. You go by the other person’s 56 . But, why should you? AT says you can get to feel good about yourself. And once you do, you can learn to speak out. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and marie the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Question 57 to 61 are based on the following passage. When the Earth shook here on March 26th, 2000, it helped geologists to figure out how the Earth around Seattle would shake during the real thing less than a year later. When Seattle’s Kingdome was demolished with explosives, more than 200