高考英语虚拟语气的用法总结

高考英语虚拟语气的用

法总结

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高考英语虚拟语气的用法总结

语气：语气是动词的一中形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。

语气的种类：

（1）陈述语气表示动作或状态是现实的，确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句，疑问句和某些感叹句。如 We are ready. What a fine day it is!

（2）祈使语气表示说话人的建议，请求，邀请，命令等。如 Open the door, Please.

应注意以下几点：

1.主语通常是第二人称you，但多不出现，动词用原形，否定用do not 或者don’t 加动词原形（或be）

如 Be careful next time. Don’t smoke here.

2.有时为了强调，主语也可以出现，而且可以是第三人称，谓语动词不加-s或者-es 如You be quiet. He

stand up.

3.祈使语气可以用do加强语气如 Do come to see this Sunday.

4.在Let’s 的祈使句后，疑问部分通常用shall we；在Let us后，疑问部分用will you 如 Let’s go out for a

walk after supper，shall we /Let us clean our classroom, will you

5.

6.祈使句与连词and连用时相当于一个条件句，而and之后则是表示结果。如Think hard and you will

have a good idea.

（3）虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望，假设或推测等。如 If I were you, I should study English.

一．虚拟语气在条件从句的用法

条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句；一类是非真实条件句，也就是虚拟条件句。

如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句，谓语要用陈述语气。如 If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park.

如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，

If her mother had taken the doctor’s advice, she would/might have got well earlier.

If it were to rain tomorrow, the match would be canceled.

有时候省略if，采用局部倒装语序。把had /should/were 等动词（不包括行为动词）移到从句的句首。例如：

Were it to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be canceled.

Had it not been for the storm, we would have arrived in time.

Should the earth stop running, what would happen?

二. 错综时间条件句

有时条件从句的动作和主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时需要根据意思采用表示不同时间的动词形式来进行调整。

If she had taken the doctor’s advice, she might still be alive.

If I were you, I would have accepted their terms.

三．含蓄条件句

1.有时候假设的情况并不用条件从句表示出来，而是通过介词短语来表示。

如 Without air(If there were no air), there would be no living things.

But for your help (If it hadn’t been for your help), I couldn’t have done it.

2. 假设的条件通过上下文表现出来。

I would go abroad for further study but that I am poor.

I was ill that day. Otherwise I would have taken part in the party.

3. 表示虚拟语气的主句或从句有时可以省略，但其含义仍可以推知。

（1）省去条件从句You could have washed your clothes yourself. （你本可以自己洗衣服的。）省去了If you had wanted to。（事实是：你自己没洗衣服，因为你不想洗。）

（2）省去主句（常用以表示愿望）If my grandmother were with me! (如果我的祖母和我在一起多好啊！)事实是：祖母已不在世。

四、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用

①“wish+宾语从句”表示不可能实现的愿望，汉语可译为“可惜……、悔不该……、但愿……”。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句的谓语动词用过去式；

表示将来不可能实现的愿望用“would/could+动词原形”；

表示过去不可能实现的愿望时用“had+过去分词”。如：

I wish I were better-looking. 要是我长得再漂亮些就好了。

I wish I had met the film star just now. 我要是刚才遇到那位电影明星该多好啊！

I wish I would be a solider. 我想当一名军人。

【考例】

How I wish every family a large house with a beautiful garden! (上海 2002春)

A. has

B. had

C. will have

D. had had

【答案】B。

②在表示建议、要求、愿望、命令、坚持、想法(advise, command, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, require, suggest)等动词后面的宾语从句，或这些动词的同源名词后面所跟的同位语从句或表语从句中，从句谓语用“should+动词原形”，其中在美国英语中，should常省略。如：

The young man insisted that I (should) go with his fellows. 这个年轻人坚持要我同他的同伴们一起去。

The doctor advised that he change his job. 医生建议他换工作。

【考例】Teachers recommend parents their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety. (福建 2010)

A. not allow

B. do not allow

C. mustn’t allow

D. couldn’t allow

【答案】A。

③在would rather后的宾语从句中，谓语常常用过去时来表示现在或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况。如：

— Shall I open the window 我可以把窗户打开吗

—I’d rather you didn’t. 我觉得还是不要。

【考例】

George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he more on its culture. (江苏2010)

A. focus

B. focused

C. would focus

D. had focused

【答案】B。

④在It is +形容词(important, necessary, good, right, wrong, better, natural, proper, funny, strange, surprising) +that从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用“(should)+动词原形”的结构。如：

It is natural that she (should) do so. 很自然她应该这样做。

【考例】

—Don’t you think it necessary that he to Miami but to New York?

— I agree, but the problem is he has refused to. (江苏2005)

A. will not be sent; that

B. not be sent; that

C. should not be sent; what

D. should not send; what

【答案】B。

五、虚拟语气在状语从句中的应用

1. if only的条件状语从句中的虚拟语气

if only 与 I wish一样，也用于表示与事实相反的愿望，其后所接虚拟语气的时态与 wish 后所接时态的情况相同。如：

If only the player had had more courage! 这位选手再多有一些勇气就好了。

If only Daisy would go with me! 黛茜要是愿意和我一起去就好了!

【考例】

Look at the trouble I am in! If only I your advice. (上海 2003春)

A. followed

B. would follow

C. had followed

D. should follow

【答案】C。

2. as if (as though)方式状语从句中的虚拟语气

as if (as though)引导的方式状语从句可用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气。

(1) as if 从句用陈述语气的情况。

当说话者所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时。如：

It sounds as if it is raining. 听起来像是在下雨。

(2) as if 从句用虚拟语气的情况。

当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时。从句虚拟语气动词时态的形式如下：

①从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时。如：

He talks as if he knew where she was. 他说话的样子，好像他知道她在哪里似的。

②从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”。如：

He talks about Rome as if he had been there before. 他说起罗马来好像他以前去过似的。

③从句表示将来发生的可能性不大，谓语动词用“would (could, might)＋动词原形”。如：It looks as if it might snow. 看起来好像要下雪了。

3. 目的状语从句中的虚拟语气

（1）以in order that, so that引导的目的状语从句中，谓语多用could/might+动词原形，在口语中常用can/could+动词原形

She took a taxi so that she could get there on time.

(2)以lest, for fear that和in case 引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词多用（should）+动词原形。

She took an umbrella with her lest/for fear that/in case it should rain.

六．其他形式的虚拟语气

1. It’ s time that句型中的虚拟语气

在It’s time that句型中，从句谓语通常用一般过去时或should+动词原形(should不能省略)，其意为“(早)该做某事了”。如：

It’s high time that we were off. 是我们该走的时候了。

2.在would/had rather, would(just) as soon, would sooner和 would prefer结构中，也用虚拟语气。共同特点是：从句中动词用一般过去时，表示现在或将来要做的事；用过去完成时，则表示过去的情况。

I’d rather you left tomorrow.

I would just as soon you had told me the truth yesterday.

I would rather have bought the dictionary.

3. 表示“祝愿”时，常用“may + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其它”。如：

May you have a good journey! 祝你一路顺风！

May your youth last forever! 祝你青春永驻！

■强化训练■

1. more careful, his bus would not have knocked into the tree.

A. If the driver were

B. Had the driver been

C. Should the driver be

D. If the driver would have been

2. the football competition, I would have gone to the concert yesterday.

A. In spite of

B. But for

C. Because of

D. As for

3. Look at the terrible situation you are in! If only you my advice!

A. listen to

B. would listen to

C. had listened to

D. have listened to

4. Had Henry received two more votes in the last election, he our monitor now.

A. must have been

B. would have been

C. were

D. would be

5. If the athlete won today, he eight races in a game.

A. would have won

B. won

C. must have won

D. did have won

6. It is time that our mayor measures to protect the poor in the street.

A. takes

B. took

C. has taken

D. taking

7. If I had read the report, I _______ you all about it now.

A. would tell

B. will tell

C. have told

D. would have told

8. —It’s a pity you didn’t won the competition.

— I had had more practice.

A. If only

B. As if

C. If not

D. As with

Key: 1-5 BBCDA

6-8 BAA

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高中英语提高之虚拟语气用法

虚拟语气用法 虚拟语气用法
概念
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想， 而不表示客观存在的事实， 所说的是一个条件， 不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。英语中的语气分 为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。
应用条件
在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气，表示主观愿望或 某种强烈情感时，也用虚拟语气。即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的 主观想法，而不是根据客观实际，就用虚拟语气。
在非真实条件状语从句中的用法
真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句
条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表 示的是假设或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。 例： If he doesn’t hurry up, he will miss the bus. 如果他不快点，他 将错过巴士。( 真实) If he is free, he will ask me to tell stories. 如果 他是空闲的，他会要求我讲故事。 （真实） If I were you, I would go at once. 如果我是你， 我马上就会去。（非真实， 虚拟语气） If there were no air, people would die. 如果没有空气，人就会死亡。 （非真实，虚拟语气）
用法及动词形式
从句
If+主语 +did If+ 主语+did 主语 were） （ be 动词 were ）
主句
与现在事实相反
主语+should/would/ 主语 +should/would/ could/might+do

英语语法专项：虚拟语气用法详解及练习(附答案)

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虚拟语气用法总结讲课稿

虚拟语气用法总结

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实用英语虚拟语气的解析及其用法讲解

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(完整)虚拟语气用法归纳,推荐文档

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英语虚拟语气用法详解

英语虚拟语气用法详解 1. 英语语气的概念 英语有三种语气，即陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。陈述语气用于陈述事实、提出看法或问题等，祈使语气用于表示请求、命令或警告等，虚拟语气则表示假想或主观愿望。如： I like this book the best. 我最喜欢这本书。(陈述语气) Don’t be so careless. 不要如此粗心大意。(祈使语气) I suggest that we should go tomorrow. 我建议我们明天走。(虚拟语气) If you dropped the glass, it would break. 假如你把玻璃杯掉在地上，它会打碎的。(虚拟语气) 3. 虚拟条件句的基本类型 (1) 与现在事实相反：若与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。如： If we left now, we should arrive in good time. 假如我们现在就走的话，我们就会及时到达。 (2) 与过去事实相反：若与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词)，主句谓语用“should (would, coul d, might)+have+过去分词”。如： If he had been in that train then, he might have been k illed in that accident. 如果当时他也在那列火车上，他可能就死于那场车祸了。

(3) 与将来事实相反：若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。如： If he went，would you go too? 如果他去，你也去吗?(大概他不会去) If I asked him，I’m sure he’d help us. 如果我向他提出要求，肯定他会帮助我们。(不过我不打算这样做) 3. 错综时间虚拟条件句 所谓错综时间虚拟条件句即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句即指的是现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境情况，结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整。如：If you’d listened to me, you wouldn’t be in such tro uble now. 如果你听了我的话，你现在也不会有这样的麻烦了。 If you were in better health, we’d have let you go wit h us. 你要是身体好一点，我们就让你和我们一道去了。 4. 含蓄虚拟条件句 所谓含蓄虚拟条件句即指将条件从句隐藏在上下文一定的短语中的一类条件句。如： Anybody else would have believed you. 任何别人都会相信你的话了。 Without your help, I couldn’t have achieved all this. 要不是有你帮助，我不会取得这些成就。 I would have written before, but I have been ill. 我本想给你写信的，但我生病了。 5. if it weren’t (wasn’t) for与if it hadn’t been for

英语 虚拟语气的用法归纳练习

必备英语英语虚拟语气的用法归纳练习 一、初中英语虚拟语气 1． If I _______ you , I _______ do that . A．was , would B．were ; wouldn’t C．am , won’t D．were , won’t 【答案】D 【解析】试题分析：句意：如果我是你，我不会那样做。本句是与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，从句谓语用动词用过去式（be动词一般用were）；主句用should （would,could,might）+ 动词原形。故选D。 考点：虚拟条件句。 2． If I ＿＿you . I＿＿study harder. A．am , will B．was, would C．were, would D．were, will 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：句意：如果我是你，我会更努力学习。这个句子要用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反。所以用过去式were, would,故选C。 考点：考查虚拟语气。 3． If I you,I buy a bike for him. A．was,would B．was,could C．were,would D．were,could 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：句意：如果我是你，我会给他买一辆自行车。buy sth for sb给某人买某物；本句用的是虚拟语气，表示与现在的事实相反，在虚拟语气中不能用was,而用were，因此选C。 考点：考查虚拟语气的用法。 4．If I _____ one million dollars, I________ travel around the world with my parents. A．have; will B．had; will C．had; will D．had; would 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：如果我有一百万美元，我要和我的父母环游世界。结合语境可知主句描述的是将来动作，用将来时态。从句中是对将来的虚拟，故用过去时态。选D。 考点：if引导的条件状语从句 点评：虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。其主要有三种结构： 1、与现在事实相反 若与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式（be通常用were），主句谓语用“should