2016年高考试题分项解析之专题5
阅读理解
1.【2016·全国新课标I】A
You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson.Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?
Jane Addams(1860-1935)
Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addans helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community(社区)by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need In 1931,Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.
Rachel Carson(1907-1964)
If it weren’t for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world’s lakes and oceans.
Sandra Day O’Connor(1930-present)
When Sandra Day O’Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952,she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator(参议员) and ,in 1981, the first woman to join the U.S. Supreme Court. O’Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.
Rosa Parks(1913-2005)
On December 1,1955,in Montgomery, Alabama,Rasa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgmery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired of giving in,” said Parks.
21.What is Jane Addams noted for in history?
A. Her social work.
B. Her lack of proper training in law.
C. Her efforts to win a prize.
D. Her community background.
22. What is the reason for O’Connor’s being rejected by the law firm?
A. Her lack of proper training in law.
B. Her little work experience in court.
C. The discrimination against women.
D. The poor financial conditions.
23. Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the US?
A. Jane Addams.
B. Rachel Carson.
C. Sandra Day O’Connor.
D. Rosa Parks.
24. What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?
A. They are highly educated.
B. They are truly creative.
C. They are pioneers.
D. They are peace-lovers.
【答案】
21 -24 A C D.C
考点:考查人物类短文阅读
【技巧点拨】细节理解题的解题可以先从问题中抓住关键性词语(题眼),然后以此为线索,运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的:段落、语句,仔细品味,对照比较,确定答案。
2.【2016·全国新课标I】B
Grandparents Answer a Call
As a third generation native of Brownsville, Texas, Mildred Garza never pleased move away,. Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help their children, she politely refused . Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms Gaf finally say yes. That was four years ago. Today all three generations regard the move to a success, giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.
No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to the children and
grandchildren. Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing. Even President Obama’s mother-in-law, Marian Robinson, has agreed to leave Chicago and into the White House to help care for her granddaughters. According to a study grandparents com. 83 percent of the people said Mrs. Robinson ‘s decision will influence the grandparents in the American family. Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama’s family.
“in the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn’t get away from home far enough fast enough to prove we could do it on our own,”says Christine Crosby, publisher of grate magazine for grandparents .We now realize how important family is and how important”” to be near them, especially when you’re raining children.”
Moving is not for everyone. Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead. Having your grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling, but giving up the life you know may be harder.
25. Why was Garza’s move a success?
A.It strengthened her family ties.
B.It improved her living conditions.
C.It enabled her make more friends.
D.It helped her know more new places.
26.What was the reaction of the public to Mrs. Robinson’s decision?
A.17% expressed their support for it.
B.Few people responded sympathetically.
C.83% believed it had a bad influence.
D.The majority thought it was a trend.
27. What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s?
A.They were unsure of raise more children.
B.They were eager to raise more children.
C.They wanted to live away from their parents.
D.They bad little respect for their grandparent.
28.What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the lasr paragraph?
A. Make decisions in the best interests' of their own
B. Ask their children to pay more visits to them
C. Sacrifice for their struggling children
D. Get to know themselves better
【答案】
25-28. A D C A
考点:社会生活类短文阅读
【技巧点拨】推理判断题属于主观题,是层次较高的题目。此类题要求通过文章中的文字信息,上下文逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知的信息,推断出作者暗含的意思。解题关键要注意表明作者观点、立场的动词、名词、形容词和副词等。28题中则根据it is wiser to say no推断出作者的立场。
3.【2016·全国新课标I】C
I am peter Hodes ,a volunteer stem courier. Since March 2012, I've done 89 trips of those , 51 have been abroad, I have 42 hours to carry stem cells(干细胞)in my little box because I've got two ice packs and that's how long they last, in all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, we’ve got 72 hours at most, So I am always conscious of time.
I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America. I picked up the stem cells in Providence, Rhode Island, and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London. But when I arrived at the check-in desk at Providence, the lady on the desk said: “Well, I’m really sorry, I’ve got some bad news for you-there are no fights from Washington.” So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said: “In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient-please, please, you’ve got to get me back to the United Kingdom.” She just dropped everything. She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for mere-routed(改道)me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.
For this courier job, you’re consciously aware than that box you’re got something that is potentially
going to save somebody’s life.
29.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier” in Paragraph17
A provider
B delivery man
C collector
D medical doctor
30.Why does Peter have to complete his trip within 42hours?
A. He cannot stay away from his job too long.
B. The donor can only wait for that long.
C. The operation needs that very much.
D. The ice won't last any longer.
31.Which flight did the woman put Peter on first?
A. To London
B. To Newark
C. To Providence
D. To Washington
【答案】
29-31.B D.B
【技巧点拨】词义猜测题的答题技巧。1.根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测2.根据同位关系进行猜测3.根据构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)进行猜测4.根据转折或对比关系进行猜测。在本文中要根据上下文对作者工作的描写来推测出正确的词义。
30. D细节理解题。根据第一段第二句I have 42 hours to carry stem cells in my little box because I’ve got two ice packs and that’s how long they last.可知冰盒只能保持42小时适宜的温度。故选D 。
31.B细节理解题。根据第二段末句She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me, re-routed me through Newark 可知,这位好心的女士首先安排作者去Newark的航班。故选B。考点:故事类短文阅读
4.【2016·全国新课标I】D
The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be em pty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, or wo rry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间
隙)with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for unde
rstanding a
person's needs.
Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, ju st as some
traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is spea king and
suddenlystops, what maybe implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.
Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.
Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.
32.What does the author say about silence in conversations?
A.It implies anger.
B.It promotes friendship.
C.It is culture-specific.
D.It is content-based.
33.Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?
A.The Chinese.
B.The French.
C.The Mexicans.
D.The Russians.
34.What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?
A.Let it continue as the patient pleases.
B.Break it while treating patients.
C.Evaluate its harm to patients.
D.Make use of its healing effects.
35.What may be the best title for the text?
A.Sound and Silence
B.What It Means to Be Silent
C.Silence to Native Americans
D.Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold
【答案】
32-35.C A D B
考点:社会生活类短文阅读
5.【2016·全国新课标II】A
What’s On?
Electric Underground
7.30pm-1.00am Free at the Cyclops Theatre
Do you know who’s playing in your area? We’re bringing you an evening of live rock and pop music from the best local bands. Are you interested in becoming a musician and getting a recording contract(合同)? If so, come early to the talk at 7.30pm by Jules Skye, a successful record producer. He’s going to talk about how you can find the right perso n to produce you music.
Gee Whizz
8.30pm-10.30pm Comedy at Kaleidoscope
Come and see Gee Whizz perform. He’s the funniest stand-up comedian on the comedy scene. This joyful show will please everyone, from the youngest to the oldest. Gee Whizz really knows how to make you laugh! Our bar is open from 7.00pm for drinks and snacks(快餐).
Simon’s Workshop
5.00pm-7.30pm Wednesdays at Victoria Stage
This is a good chance for anyone who wants to learn how to do comedy. The workshop looks at every kind of comedy, and practices many different ways of making people laugh. Simon is a comedian and actor who has 10 years’ experience of teaching comedy. His workshops are exciting and fun. An evening with Simon will give you the confidence to be funny.
Charlotte Stone
8.00pm-11.00pm Pizza World
Fine food with beautiful jazz music; this is a great evening out. Charlotte Stone will perform songs from her new best-selling CD, with James Pickering on the piano. The menu is Italian, with excellent meat and fresh fish, pizzas and pasta(面食). Book early to get a table. Our bar is open all day, and serves cocktails, coffee, beer, and white wine.
1. Who can help you if you want to have your music produced?
A. Jules Skye.
B. Gee Whizz.
C. Charlotte Stone.
D. James Pickering.
2. At which place can people of different ages enjoy a good laugh?
A. The Cyclops Theatre
B. Kaleidoscope
C. Victoria Stage
D. Pizza World
3. What do we know about Simon’s Workshop?
A. It requires membership status.
B. It lasts three hours each time.
C. It is run by a comedy club.
D. It is held every Wednesday.
4. When will Charlotte Stone perform her songs?
A. 5.00pm-7.30pm.
B. 7.30pm-1.00am.
C. 8.00pm-11.00pm.
D. 8.30pm-10.30pm.
【答案】1.A 2. B 3. D 4. C
【名师点睛】
本文属于广告类短文,所考查四题均为细节题中的直接理解题。细节事实理解题主要考查考生对文章中某一些特定细节或文章的重要实事的理解能力。它一般包括直接理解题和语义理解题两种。直接理解题的答案与原文直接挂钩,从阅读材料中可以找到。这种题难度低,只要学生读懂文章,就能得分,属于低层次题。
在阅读中可以使用定位法与跳读法解决直接理解题。定位法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息直接从原文中找到相应的句子(即定位),然后进行比较和分析(尤其要注意一些同义转换),从而找出正确答案。跳读法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息跳读原文,并找到相关的句子(有时可能是几个句子)或段落,然后进行分析和推理等,从而找出正确答案。
以本文为例,我们根据题干中“people of different ages enjoy a good laugh”所有年龄段的人都能够从中获得笑声,直接定位第二则广告第三句This joyful show will please everyone, from the youngest to the oldest可知这场表演能够让所有年龄段的人都很开心,故选择B项。
考点:考查广告类阅读
6.【2016·全国新课标II】B
Five years ago, when I taught art at a school in Seattle, I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students. I put a small set of Tinkertoys in front of each student, and said:”Make som ething out of the Tinkertoys. You have 45 minutes today - and
45minutes each day for the rest of the week.”
A few students hesitated to start. They waited to see the rest of the class would do. Several others checked the instructions and made something according to one of the model plans provided. Another group built something out of their own imaginations.
Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time. His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home. I was delighted at the presence of such a student. Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect(感染) other students.
Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare, ”But I’m just not creative.”
“Do you dream at night when you’re asleep?”
“Oh, sure.”
“So tell me one of your most interesting dreams.” The student would tell something wildly imaginative. Flying in the sky or in a time machine or growing three heads. “That’s pretty creative. Who does that for you?”
“Nobody. I do it.”
“Really-at night, when you’re asleep?”
“Sure.”
“Try doing it in the daytime, in class, okay?”
5. The teacher used Tinkertoys in class in order to ________?
A. know more about the students
B. make the lessons more exciting
C. raise the students’ interest in art
D. te ach the students about toy design
6. What do we know about the boy mentioned in Paragraph 3?
A. He liked to help his teacher.
B. He preferred to study alone.
C. He was active in class.
D. He was imaginative.
7. What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Mistake.
B. Drawback.
C. Difficulty.
D. Burden.
8. Why did the teacher ask the students to talk about their dreams?
A. To help them to see their creativity.
B. To find out about their sleeping habits.
C. To help them to improve their memory.
D. To find out about their ways of thinking.
【答案】5. A 6. D 7. B 8. A
7.B 词义猜测题。根据划线单词后一句“I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking.”可知我冒着失去那些有不同思维方式的学生的危险。说明我的这种教育方法也有不足之处。故划线词意为“drawback缺点”。故B正确。
【名师点睛】
本文属于词义猜测题。我们可以根据后句“I ran the risk ...... thinking.”中的“risk”说明我的教育方法也有不足之处,故划线词意为“drawback缺点,不足”。本题属于典型的理由上下文语境推测。
近几年高考阅读中猜测词义考查方法多样化,其中根据上下文语境推测将会越来越多。根据上下文语境作出判断:有时短文中出现一个需猜测其意义的词或短语,下面接着出现其定义域解释或例子,这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。请看下例:
Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental Centre offers a wide variety ofchoices—deluxe sedans, minivan s, station wagons, coaches, Santana sedans are the big favorite.
从前面的Car Rental Center可知出租车公司提供的只能是cars for rent(出租汽车),也就是说划线的词都是出租汽车的名称。
除此之外,我们还可以根据转折或对比关系进行判断:根据上下句的连接词,如but,however,otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别,从而依据某一句的含义,来确定另一句的含义。另外,分号(;)也可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。
还可以根据因果关系进行判断:俗话说,“有因必有果,有果必有因”。根据原因可以预测结果,根据结果也可以找出原因。例如
Biggest power failure in the city's history...All of our ice—cream and frozen foods melted.
根据因果关系,停电只能导致冰淇淋和冷冻食品“融化”,也就是melted。
考点:考查记叙文阅读
7.【2016·全国新课标II】C
Reading can be a social activity. Think of the people who belong to book groups. They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them. Now, the website https://www.sodocs.net/doc/118506001.html, turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group.
Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share. BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book. Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.
Bruce Pederson, the managing director of BookCrossing, says, “The two things that change your life are the people you meet and books you read. BookCrossing co mbines both.”
Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops. Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it.
People who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it. E-mails are then sent to the BookCrossing to keep them updated about where their books have been found. Bruce peterson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home.
BookCrossing is pa rt of a trend among people who want to get back to the “real” and not the virtual(虚拟). The site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred thirty-five countries.
9. Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph?
A. To explain what they are.
B.To introduce BookCrossing.
C. To stress the importance of reading.
D. To encourage readers to share their ideas.
10. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2refer to?
A. The book.
B.An adventure.
C.A public place.
D. The identification number.
11. What will a BookCrosser do with a book after reading it?
A. Meet other readers to discuss it.
B.Keep it safe in his bookcase.
C. Pass it on to another reader.
D. Mail it back to its owner.
12. What is the best title for the text?
A. Online Reading: A Virtual Tour
B. Electronic Books: A new Trend
C. A Book Group Brings Tradition Back
D. A Website Links People through Books
【答案】9. B 10. A11. C 12. D
【名师点睛】
本文考查了代词指代题。根据本句“....hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it”留下书的人希望自己的书能够随着找到它的人走得更远。可知其中的it指代前半句提到的同一事物“the book”。
阅读的时候我们可以根据上下文的指代关系进行选择:文章中的代词it,that,he,him或them 可以指上文提到的人或物,其中it和that还可以指一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远,要认真查找;有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结,才能得出代词所指代的事。例如:However, the question that "moon people" asked is still an interesting one. A growing number of scie ntists are
seriously thinking about it.
首先,it指上句中的the question,而the question又指上一段中“月球人”所提的问题,所以要经过两次查找才能选出答案。
考点:考查说明文阅读
8.【2016·全国新课标II】D
A new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.
Frank Hurley’s pictures would be outstanding----undoubtedly first-rate photo-journalism---if they had been made last week. In fact, they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them after a disastrous shipwreck(海滩), by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival. Many of the images were stored in an ice chest, under freezing water, in the damaged wooden ship.
The ship was the Endurance, a small, tight, Norwegian-built three-master that was intended to take Sir Ernest Shackleton and a small crew of seamen and scientists, 27 men in all, to the southernmost shore of Antarctica’s Weddell Sea. From that point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled(雪橇) across the continent. The journey was intended to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done. Captain Scott had reached the South Pole early in 1912 but had died with his four companions on the march back.
As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and well-researched story The Endurance, adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort. Scott’s last journey, completed as be lay in a tent dying of cold and hunger, caught the world’s imagination, and a film ma de in his honor drew crowds. Shackleton, a onetime British merchant-navy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography. Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of which have never before been published.
13. What do we know about the photos taken by Hurley?
A. They were made last week
B. They showed undersea sceneries
C. They were found by a cameraman
D. They recorded a disastrous adventure
14. Who reached the South Pole first according to the text?
A. Frank Hurley
B. Ernest Shackleton
C. Robert Falcon Scott
D. Caroline Alexander
15. What does Alexander think was the purpose of the 1914 voyage?
A. Artistic creation
B. Scientific research
C. Money making
D. Treasure hunting
【答案】13. D 14. C 15. C
【名师点睛】
本文三题均考查了细节题。在完成细节题时,要特别注意排除干扰项。如中的A项“They were made last week”属于“颠倒黑白”类干扰项,根据第二段第一句“Frank Hurley’s pictures......undoubtedly first-rate photo-journalism---if they had been made last week.”可知“如果这些照片是上周所拍,那么就会是一流的。”实际上这些照片是1914年左右拍摄的。说明A项明显错误。
干扰项的设置方法除了“颠倒黑白”之外,通常还有以下几种方式:
1. 张冠李戴。命题者把文章作者的观点与他人的观点混淆起来,题干问的是作者的观点,选项中出现的却是他人的观点;或者题干问的是他人的观点,却把作者的观点放到选项中去。
2. 偷梁换柱。干扰项用了与原文相似的句型结构和大部分相似的词汇,却在不易引人注意的地方换了几个词汇,造成句意的改变。
3. 无中生有。干扰项往往是生活的基本常识和普遍接受的观点,但在原文中并无相关的信息支持点,这种选项的设置往往与问题的设问毫不相干。
4. 以偏概全。考生在做猜测文章中心思想、给文章添加标题或判断推理题时,往往会犯以偏概全的错误。产生这类错误的原因是考生受思维定势的影响或考虑不周,以局部代替整体。其具体表现为合理关联与不合理关联、准确概括与不准确概括之间的错位。不合理关联就是表层理解与深层理解相混淆。表层理解是对文章中客观事实的感知和记忆,往往是文章直接表述的结论;深层理解则是对文章中的客观事实进行逻辑推理、总结或概括后得出的结论。不准确概括是指不能准确地按题目要求概括或提取文中的表层或深层信息。
考点:考查记叙文阅读
9.【2016·全国新课标III】A
Music
Opera at Music Hall: 1243 Elm Street. The season runs June through August, with additional performances in March and September. The Opera honors Enjoy the Arts membership discounts. Phone: 241-2742. https://www.sodocs.net/doc/118506001.html,.
Chamber Orchestra: The Orchestra plays at Memorial Hall at 1406 Elm Street, which offers several concerts from March through June. Call 723-1182 for more information. https://www.sodocs.net/doc/118506001.html,.
Symphony Orchestra: At Music Hall and Riverbend. For ticket sales, call 381-3300. Regular season runs September through May at Music Hall in summer at Riverbend. https://www.sodocs.net/doc/118506001.html,/home.asp.
College Conservatory of Music (CCM): Performances are on the main campus(校园) of the university, usually at Patricia Cobbett Theater. CCM organizes a variety of events, including performances by the well-known LaSalle Quartet, CCM’s Philharmonic Orchestra, and various groups of musicians presenting Baroque through modern music. Students with I.D. cards can attend the events for free. A free schedule of events for each term is available by calling the box office at 556-4183. https://www.sodocs.net/doc/118506001.html,/events/calendar.
Riverbend Music Theater: 6295 Kellogg Ave. Large outdoor theater with the closest seats under cover (price difference).Big name shows all summer long! Phone:232-6220. https://www.sodocs.net/doc/118506001.html,.
1.Which number should you call if you want to see an opera?
A. 241-2742.
B. 723-1182.
C. 381-3300.
D. 232-6220.
2.When can you go to a concert by Chamber Orchestra?
A. February.
B. May.
C. August.
D. November.
3.Where can students go for free performances with their I.D. cards?
A. Music Hall.
B. Memorial Hall.
C. Patricia Cobbett Theater.
D. Riverbend Music Theater.
4.How is Riverbend Music Theater different from the other places?
A. It has seats in the open air.
B. It gives shows all year round.
C. It offers membership discounts.
D. It presents famous musical works.
【答案】
1.A
2.B
3.C
4.A
考点:广告类短文阅读
【名师点睛】
阅读理解中细节理解题的干扰项的设置手法体现在下列几个原则:
1.包含项原则
在答案选项分析中,假如对A选项的理解概括了对其它三项(或其中某一项)的理解,那么我们就说选项A与其他三项是包含或概括关系,包含项A往往就是正确答案。如在“花”与“玫瑰”两选项中,正确答案肯定是“花”,花包含了玫瑰,因为玫瑰肯定是花,但花并不一定是玫瑰。2.正反项原则
所谓正反项,是指两选项陈述的命题完全相矛盾。根据形式逻辑排中律知识:两个相互矛盾的判断不能都是假的,其中必有一真。所以在阅读理解中,假如四选项中A、B互为正反项,那我们通常先排除C、D项,正确答案一般在A、B项当中取其一。
3.委婉项原则
所谓委婉,这里是指说话不能说死,要留有余地。阅读理解选项中语气平和、委婉的往往是正确答案。这些选项一般含有不十分肯定或试探性语气的表达,如:probably, possibly, may, usually,
might, most of, more or less,relatively, be likely to, not necessary, although, yet, in addition,tend to,be liable to等等,而含有绝对语气的表达往往不是正确答案,如:must, always,
never, the most,all, every, any, merely, only, completely, none, hardly, already等等。
4.同形项原则
几个选项如存在形式与结构上的相似,那它们就互为同形项。同形项组可喻为高尔夫球场上的“果岭”,而正确答案就是果岭上的“球洞”。命题者往往先将正确答案设置在一个大命题范围,然后通过语言形式的细微变化来考察考生的理解能力与分析能力。同形项原则告诉我们:词汇与句法结构相似的选项一般存在有正确答案。
5.常识项原则
在议论文当中,那些符合一般常识,意义深刻富有哲理,符合一般规律,属于普遍现象的选项往往是正确答案。
6.因果项原则
阅读理解逻辑推理基本都是通过因果链进行的,前因后果,一步步循序渐进。然而,在推理题型的选项中,有的选项会推理不到位(止于前因),或者推理过头(止于后果),这就是所谓的干扰项。因果项原则规定:假如四个选项中有两项互为同一事物推理过程中的因果关系,那么正确答案就是这两个因果项中的其中之一。如果因项可以产生几个结果,那么答案就是因项;如果果项可以对应几个原因,那么答案就是果项。
10.【2016·全国新课标III】B
On one of her trips to New York several years ago, Eudora Welty decided to take a couple of New York friends out to dinner. They settled in at a comfortable East Side cafe and within minutes, another customer was approaching their table.
“Hey, aren’t you from Mississippi?” the elegant, white-haired writer remembered being asked by the stranger. “I’m from Mississippi too.”
Without a second thought, the woman joined the Welty party. When her dinner partner showed up, she also pulled up a chair.
“They began telling me all the news of Mississippi,” Welty said. “I didn’t know what my New York friends were thinking.”
Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer than sunshine. By the time the group got up to leave, it was pouring outside. Welty’s new friends immediately sent a waiter to find a cab. Heading back downtown toward her hotel, her big-city friends were amazed at the turn of events that had changed their Big Apple dinner into a Mississippi.
“My friends said: ‘Now we believe your stories,’” Welty added. “And I said: ‘Now you know. These are the people that make me write them.’”
Sitting on a sofa in her room, Welty, a slim figure in a simple gray dress, looked pleased with this explanation.
“I don’t make them up,” she said of the characters in her fiction these last 50 or so years. “I don’t have to.”
Beauticians, bartenders, piano players and people with purple hats, Welty’s people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends, from walks through the streets of her native Jackson, Miss., from conversations overheard on a bus. It annoys Welty that, at 78, her left ear has now given out. Sometimes, sitting on a bus or a train, she hears only a fragment(片段) of a particularly interesting story.
5.What happened when Welty was with her friends at the cafe?
A. Two strangers joined her.
B. Her childhood friends came in.
C. A heavy rain ruined the dinner.
D. Some people held a party there.
6.The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 6 refers to Welty’s.
A. readers
B. parties
C. friends
D. stories
7.What can we learn about the characters in Welty’s fiction?
A. They live in big cities.
B. They are mostly women.
C. They come from real life.
D. They are pleasure seekers.
【答案】
5.A
6.D
7.C
考点:故事类短文阅读
【名师点睛】
猜词技巧:阅读理解的测试中经常有猜测词、短语、习语意义的题目,这些词、短语、习语要么是生词,要么是熟词新义,单靠平时积累是不够的,还要掌握一定的做题技巧。总结如下:
(1)根据构词法(转化、合成、派生)进行判断。
(2) 根据文中的定义、解释猜生词;利用事例或解释猜生词;利用重复解释的信息猜生词。
(3)根据上下文的指代关系进行选择:文章中的代词it,that,he,him或them可以指上文提到的人或物,其中it和that还可以指一件事。第6题就是属于对指代关系进行判断。
(4)根据转折或对比关系进行判断:根据上下句的连接词,如but,however,otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别,从而依据某一句的含义,来确定另一句的含义。
(5)根据因果关系进行判断:俗话说,“有因必有果,有果必有因”。根据原因可以预测结果,根据结果也可以找出原因。
(6)根据同位关系进行判断:阅读中有时出现新词、难词,后面就跟着一个同位语,对前面的词进行解释,有时这种解释也用连词“or”连接。
(7)利用标点符号和提示词猜测词义。还可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。破折号表示解释说明。
常见问题形式有:
(1)The word “…” in Line … means/can be best replaced by …
(2)As used in the passage, the phrase “…”suggests…
一、高中英语阅读理解 1.阅读理解 Gemini Man Gemini Man is a big-budget Hollywood sci-fi-action movie based on an original concept, rather than on a superhero comic or an old TV series, even though this particular original concept is more 20 years old. In it a government assassin (杀手)is being hunted down by his own clone The original script was sold by Darren Lemke to a studio in 1997, and since then almost every male A-listener has been attached as a potential star. Now, at long last, Ang Lee has directed Gemini Man, and Will Smith plays both the veteran assassin and his much younger doppelganger (分身). Jojo Rabbit During World War Two, a 10-year-old German boy (Roman Griffin David) is desperate to be a dutiful Nazi, only to discover that his mother (Scarlett Johansson) is hiding, a Jewish girl (Thomasin McKenzie) in their house. It may not sound like the stuff of a big-hearted comedy but Taika Waititi can make anything warm and funny. As well as writing and directing Jojo Rabbit, Waititi co-stars as the boy's imaginary friend,a nitwitted Adolf Hitler. Doctor Sleep Mike Flanag's new film is adapted from Stephen King, novel, Doctor Sleep, which was a sequel (续集) to The Shining. You can expect to see blood flowing out of lifts in a rapid stream, ghostly twin girls and headache-including carpet patterns. Ewan McGregor stars as Danny Torrance, the boy with psychic powers m 1980 film. Now, he is a middle-aged hospital counsellor. Maleficent: Mistress of Evil Here's another chance to see Angelina Jolie. In 2014 she starred in Maleficent, Disney's live-action remake of the Sleeping Beauty cartoon from 1959. The twist was that the eponymous wicked fairy wasn't so wicked, after all, and that the real villain was the father of Princess Aurora (Elle Fanning). The sequel's subtitle promises that Maleficent will actually be evil this time around, her change of heart prompted by Aurora's engagement to handsome prince (Harris Dickinson).(1)What can we learn from this passage? A. Ewan McGregor plays a role in Doctor Sleep. B. Taika Waititi is the main character in Jojo Rabbit. C. Gemini Man is adapted from a 20-yem--old TV series. D. The real wicked character in Maleficent: Mistress of Evil is Aurora. (2)If your friend wants to see a horror movie, which one will you recommend? A. Gemini Man B. Jojo Babbit C. Doctor Sleep D. Maleficent: Mistress of Evil 【答案】(1)A (2)C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文,介绍了四部电影。 (1)考查细节理解。根据Doctor Sleep部分中的“Ewan McGregor stars as Danny Torrance, the boy w ith psychic powers in 1980 film.”可知Ewan McGregor在电影Doctor Sleep扮演Danny Torrance的角色。故选A。
第一部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分) A You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson.Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years? Jane Addams(1860-1935) Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community(社区)by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need In 1931,Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize. Rachel Carson(1907-1964) If it weren’t for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world’s lakes and oceans. Sandra Day O’Connor(1930-present) When Sandra Day O’Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952,she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator(参议员) and ,in 1981, the first woman to join the U.S. Supreme Court. O’Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court. Rosa Parks(1913-2005) On December 1,1955,in Montgomery, Alabama, Rasa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgmery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired of giving in,” said Parks. 21.What is Jane Addams noted for in history? A. Her social work. B. Her lack of proper training in law.
经济类高频词 1.accelerate vt (使)加速,增速 例:accelerate the rate of economic growth加速经济增长 派:acceleration n 加速accelerating a 加速的 2.boost vt 提高,推动,使增长n 推动,增长 例:boost the economy推动经济增长 派:booster n 支持者,推动器 3.mushroom vi 迅速成长n 蘑菇 例:sth mushroom …快速成长/增加 4.flourish vi 繁荣,茂盛; vt挥动 例:the nation’s economy will flourish国家经济将繁荣发展 5.thrive vi 兴旺,繁荣 例:The company managed to thrive after a recession经济衰退后该公司设法兴旺起来6.impose vt 把…强加于;征税 考:impose on/upon把…强加于 例:to impose local tax征收地方税 派:imposing a 壮观的,令人难忘的 7.restore vt 恢复,修复;归还,交还 例: restore the economy to full strength完全恢复经济发展 派:restoration n 修复 revive v 使复苏vi 恢复 例:The economy of these areas is beginning to revive这些地方的经济开始复苏 8.soar vi 猛增,高飞;(情绪)高涨 例:Oil prices have soared in recent weeks石油价格最近几周飚升 9.squeeze vt 挤,压榨;n 拮据,紧缺;握手 例:financial squeeze财政困难 10.exceed vt 超过,越出 例:The benefits exceed $10 million利润超过1千万美元 派:exceeding a 超过的;exceedingly ad 非常
2016年全国各地高考英语作文汇总 新课标I卷 假定你是李华,暑假想去一家外贸公司兼职,已写好申请书和个人简历(resume)。给外教MS Jenkins 写信,请她帮你修改所附材料的文字和格式(format)。 注意: 1. 词数100左右; 2. 可以适当增加细节,已使行文连贯。 示例1 Dear Ms Jenkins, I'm Li Hua from your English writing class last term. I'm writing to ask for your help. I'm applying for a part-time job at a foreign company in my city during the summer vacation, and I have just completed my application letter and resume. However, I am not quite sure of the language and the format I've used. I know you have a very busy schedule, but I'd be very grateful if you could take some time to go through them and make necessary changes. Please find my application letter and resume in the attachment. Thank you for your kindness! Yours, Li Hua 示例2 Dear Ms Jenkins, I am Li Hua, I am writing to tell you something about my plan for the coming summer vacation and I also want you to do me a favor. In order to get some practical experience, I am planning to take a part-time job in a foreign capital company. I have already finished my job application and personal resume. But this is the first time that I have written an application and the personals resume, so I don’t even know if there are something to pay attention to. So, I’m writing you the letter , hoping you can give me some help. I will be very grateful if you can help me.
高考英语阅读理解真题汇编(含答案) 一、高中英语阅读理解 1.阅读理解 Mexico sites on an island plateau (高原) surrounded by volcanic peaks, which makes air quality a constant concern for people who live there. In April, the country took a decisive step toward improving air quality by enacting a temporary ban on private and Federal vehicles in the city. The rule forbids people from driving in the city one day each week and one Saturday each month. Electric vehicles, government service vehicles, public transport options and school buses are not included in the ban. Mexico City isn't the first urban center to be involved in car-free living. But the ban is more than an awareness-raiser. It was enacted with the direct aim of solving air pollution. In March, the city sank into a deep brown haze of smog when the pollution levels passed the 200 mark. The city ordered some 1.1m of the area's 4.7m cars off the streets and also offered free bus and subway rides. Mexico City's temporary vehicle ban raises questions about the best ways to improve urban air quality. India, whose citizens breathe some of the world's dirtiest air, has tried a variety of solutions. Earlier this year, the Indian government started a 4% sales tax on new-car purchases. Beijing also has experience with cleaning the air. The city introduced alternate-day rules in advance of the 2008 Olympic Games, which produced good results. And then there is the London congestion (拥挤) charge, introduced in 2003. The charge has had a measurable effect on air quality. For now, Mexico City — named by the United Nations as the most polluted city on the planet in 1992 — can look forward to the start of the region's rainy season, when daily showers will help lo clean the air. (1)How did Mexico ban vehicles in the city? A. By banning private and Federal vehicles one day a week. B. By forbidding private and public vehicles every Saturday. C. By limiting the number of new cars. D. By prohibiting the vehicles except public ones.(2)What did the government of Mexico do when carrying out the ban on vehicles? A. Raised the number of public vehicles. B. Offered free bus and subway rides. C. Introduced more travel options. D. Encouraged citizens to leave the city. (3)What may contribute to improving the air quality in Mexico? A. Alternate-day rules. B. Tax rises. C. Congestion charge. D. The rainy season.(4)What's the best title for the passage? A. Mexico —an Island Plateau B. A Variety of Bans on Vehicles in Mexico C. Should Cities Be Car-free Zones D. How to Improve Air Quality 【答案】(1)A (2)B (3)D (4)C
2016普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(江苏卷) 英语 2016年江苏高考英语卷总评 2016年江苏高考英语卷总体难度较前三年有所降低,紧扣高中英语课程标准的教学要求,对考生在英语听力、词汇、语法、英语知识综合应用、阅读理解、书面表达等知识和能力进行了全面、深入的考察。整体稳定,注重基础,贴近生活,努力将知识和能力的考查融为一体,难易结合,体现了英语高考改革的趋势。 听力: 听力部分沿用全国卷听力,除了Text10部分语速稍快,前面9段材料语速比较正常,总体难度不算大,和往年相似,考查的都是平时常用的功能性用语,考查形式以细节信息、语音辨析、意图推测、结论判断等题型为主。单选:“中规中矩” 单选部分同往年相同,强调在语境中理解词汇的意思。侧重对词汇和词组的考查,考点为名词性从句、动词、动词词组、形容词副词、非谓语、情景交际等,贴近生活实际。重视语法基础,题量和重点语法点基本没变,难度有所下降,只要学生正常发挥,不要被平时难题所影响,应该可以拿满分。 完形填空是一个有关人生感悟的故事。“John”在和陌生人交流以后反思人生,这篇完形填空仍以名词、动词和词组、及形容词副词为主,词汇为较为常用的高频词。几乎所有的答案都可以在上下文中找到串联痕迹,这也是理解这篇完形填空的重要线索。 阅读部分“题量设置沿袭过去两年,难度有所降低” 今年与往年相比较,阅读部分是难度下降最多的,主要体现在词汇、长难句和文章的整体理解,设题以细节理解题为主,推理判断为辅。 A篇是一篇说明文介绍网络课程,文章以短句为主,难度一般,使用关键词定位法可以直接找到答案。B篇是科技说明文,说明了黑猩猩的主观能动性,比去年的B篇相比难度下降较多。C篇为说明文,主要介绍厄尔尼诺现象,本文与时事结合较为紧密,话题也是考生较为熟悉的,但本文中的专业词汇和长难句对理解有一定影响。D 篇是记叙文,介绍了牙买加女运动员的励志故事,难度较去年也有较大的下降,集中考查细节题。 任务型阅读是这份试卷中最有区分度的,说明了科技对人们生活的积极影响,文章结构清晰,依然考查了考生在信息检索、内容归纳、语言结构等方面的知识与能力。较难的概括提炼的部分,也是区分优秀生和中等生的关键。书面表达:“旧瓶装新酒” 延续前两年“读写任务型”写作,总字数要求不变,凸显了考生分析材料的能力,写作便于考生写出紧扣主题的个性化内容。讨论话题为“网络投票”,建议使用“with复合结构”开始,提出网络投票的积极作用和消极作用两方面。我们可以根据网络投票的正反两面性梳理好观点,根据相应的功能句型,应该能得到不错的分数。
2017高考英语阅读理解解析版汇编(70) 阅读下列四篇短文,从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。 “Experience may possibly be the best teacher,but it is not a particularly good teacher.” You might think that Winston Churchill or perhaps Mark Twain spoke those words,but they actually come from James March,a professor at Stanford University and a pioneer in the field of organizational decision making. For years March(possibly the wisest philosopher of management)has studied how humans think and act,and he continues to do so in his new bookThe Ambiguities of Experience. He begins by reminding us of just how firmly we have been sticking to the idea of experiential learning:“Experience is respected;experience is sought;experience is explained.” The problem is that learning from experience involves(涉及)serious complications(复杂化),ones that are part of the nature of experience itself and which March discusses in the body of this book. In one interesting part of the book,for example,he turns a doubtful eye toward the use of stories as the most effective way of experiential learning. In our efforts to make stories interesting,he argues,we lose part of the complicated truth of things. He says “The more accurately(精确地)reality is presented,the less understandable the story,and the more understandable the stor y,the less realistic it is.” Besides being a broadly knowledgeable researcher,March is also a poet,and his gift shines through in the depth of views he offers and the simple language he uses. Though the book is short,it is demanding:Don’t pick it up lookin g for quick,easy lessons. Rather,be ready to think deeply about learning from experience in work and life. 1. According to the text,James March is. A. a poet who uses experience in his writing B. a teacher who teaches story writing in university C. a researcher who studies the way humans think and act D. a professor who helps organizations make important decisions 2. According to James March,experience. A. is overvalued B. is easy to explain C. should be actively sought D. should be highly respected
IELTS阅读分类词汇 ===阅读分类词汇===心理theorem 原理,定理v.s. theory methodology 方法论(method) physiology 生理学(physiological) psychiatry 精神病学psychology, psycho, psychosis, psychoanalysis correlation 相互关系correlation coefficient sensation 感觉,知觉(另)轰动sensational perception 感知,认知 intuition 知觉(intuitive) ESP 第六感(Extrasensory Perception) motivate 激励à motivation (^ bonus, commission, …) incentive 激励因素 stimulus 刺激à stimulate, stimulation disorder 紊乱,失调 dysfunction 机能障碍dys(=dis) + function dissonance 不和谐,不一致dis + son(sound) +ance trauma 创伤(traumatic)the trauma caused by Sept. 11 anxiety 焦虑(= anxiousness) depression 沮丧(de + press + ion)~ depressedv.s. repression (压抑) insomnia 失眠 phobia 恐惧(症) suffix: -phobia acrophobia acronym: IELTS, TOEFL… enophobia a fear of foreigners or strangers claustrophobia a fear of being closed in a confined place allergy 过敏(症),反感( allergic)He is allergic to card playing. propensity Most boys have a propensity of playing with machinery.= tendency, inclination paranoid 偏执的paranoia (偏执狂)
2010年山东高考英语作文 假设你是新华中学的学生李华,你和在上海上学的英国朋友Tom约好下周末去北京旅游,但你因故不能赴约。请根据以下要点用英语给他写一封电子邮件: 1. 表示歉意; 2. 解释原因; 3. 另约时间。 注意:1. 词数120~150; 2. 可适当增加细节。 【范文】 Dear Tom, I am indeed very sorry that I can not go to Beijing with you next week , which I have promised .I feel sorry for about it and want you to know what happened . Just now ,my cousin , Li Qiong , who left home to Australia for his further study last year , informed me that he would return this Saturday morning and asked me to pick him up at the airport with his family . You know , we haven’t seen each other for nearly a year . I sincerely hope you can accept my apologies and understand me . I would appreciate your allowing me to make another date to show you around Beijing .Once again ,I’m sorry for any inconvenience caused . Sincerely yours, Li Hua 2011年山东高考英语作文 假设你是李华,你的美国朋友Tom上个月来到北京学习。七月份你将去北京参加暑期中学生英语演讲比赛(speech contest),你在资料搜集、语言运用等方面遇到了困难。请根据以下要点给Tom写一封电子邮件: 1.询问Tom的生活和学习情况; 2.谈谈你的困难并请Tom帮忙; 3.告诉Tom你打算赛后去看他。 注意:1.词数:120-150;2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 【范文】 Dear Tom, It’s a month since you studied in Beijing. How is everything going with you? I am really happy to spend such an unforgettable experience with you here. I am going to take part in an English speech contest for middle school students in July this summer. I think the chance is of great importance for me. To have a very good performance, I am making preparations for it. However, I still have some trouble in collecting useful materials. Meanwhile,I find it hard to use English properly. I would appreciate it if you could offer me a
2017高考英语阅读理解解析版汇编(144) (2016高考训练)阅读下列材料,从每题所给的选项中选出最佳选项。 体裁:记叙文话题:日常生活词数:610时间:8′ I no longer run for the mail the way I used to.I remember, before the e-mail age, the sense of heightened expectation as the hour of mail delivery approached, wondering what slim, handwritten treasures would appear in my box.I once received a letter from a long-lost friend and was filled with such joy that I ran the mail carrier down and shook his hand, as if he had done a heroic deed in conveying the letter to me. Once a day.Six days a week.That was the rhythm.Through snow, rain, heat, and darkness of night.I first learned to love the mail as a young boy.The first thing I ever received that was personally addressed to me was from my friend Duane.We had been the fastest of 9-year-old friends.Then he moved away, to Massachusetts.The parting was difficult, but boys didn't cry. Within the week, however, there was a letter in my mailbox.It was from Duane, and it read, “I'm OK, but I miss you.” That first conveyance to me of a wr itten word from a great distance had all the import of the first Morse code message:“What hath God wrought.” It was at that moment that I became a letter writer, quickly discovering that the more letters I wrote, the more I received. I wrote letters through elementary school, high school, college, and beyond.It got to the point where I could comfortably expect to receive a letter a day.The daily mail delivery was, for me, like a beacon (灯塔) at sea—something toward which my thoughts began to move upon waking.What quickened my blood,of course, was the element of surprise: From whom would the letter be today? And what would the news be?And then,seemingly in the blink of an eye, the earth shifted.E-mail had arrived.Despite being attracted by the new technology, I promised myself that I would never stop writing letters by hand.However, I had no control over the tendency of others, and slowly, coldly, and then with quickened pace, the letters disappeared from my mailbox, having been replaced with electronic “messages” (a totally differe nt beast—in contrast to letters, all e-mails look alike). And so, like a shipwrecked man filling notes into bottles, tossing them into the waves, and hoping for the best, I continue to write longhand, licking envelopes, sticking stamps, and handing my outgoing mail to the carrier who regards me with a curious eye, as if he is looking at the last member of a species which is dying
2016年高考浙江卷英语试题解析(正式版)绝密★启封前 选择题部分(共80分) 第一部分:英语知识运用(共两节,满分30分) 第一节:单项填空(共20小题;每小题0.5分,满分10分)从A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。 1. --Are you sure you're ready for the best? --_________. I'm well prepared for it. A. I'm afraid not B. No problem C. Hard to say D. Not really 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析:句意:—你确定你准备好考试了吗?—没问题。我已经做好准备了。A.恐怕不;B.没问题;C.很难说;D.不是真的。根据语境,故选B。 考点:考查交际用语。 2.______prize for the winner of the competition is ______two-week holiday in Paris. A. The ; 不填 B. A ; 不填 C. A ; the D. The ; a
【答案】D 【解析】学科&网 试题分析:句意:这个比赛获胜者的奖品是一个巴黎的两个星期的假期。第一空填the,是特指“获胜者的奖品”,用定冠词,第二空是泛指“一个两周的假期”,用不定冠词a。故选A。 考点:考查冠词。 3. In many ways , the education system in the US is not very different from ____in the UK. A. that B. this C. one D. it 【答案】A 考点:考查代词。 4. It is important to pay your electricity bill on time , as late payments may affect your ______. A. condition B. income C. credit D. status 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析:句意:准时付电费很重要,因为付晚了会影响你的信用。Condition条件;income收入;credit学分,信用(卡)。根据句意故选C。