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新新目标英语八年级下册unit4知识点总结

新新目标英语八年级下册unit4知识点总结
新新目标英语八年级下册unit4知识点总结

Unit 4 Why don’t you talk to your parents?

Section A

1. Why don't you do sth. ?= Why not do sth.? 为什么不......呢?

提建议的句型

(1) What about doing sth. ?=How about doing sth.? ….怎么样?

(2) Why don’t you do sth.?= Why not do sth.? 为什么不呢?

(3) Let’s do sth. 让我们一起做某事吧。

(4) Shall we/I do sth.? 我们做…好吗?

(5) had better do/not do sth. 最好做/不做某事

(6) Will/Would you please do sth. 请你做…好吗?

(7) Would you like to do sth.? 你想去做某事吗?

(8) Would you mind doing sth.?你介意做某事吗?

【回答】

(1). 同意对方的建议时,一般用

Good idea. / That’s good idea. 好主意 OK/ All right. / Great. 好/ 行/太好了Yes, please. / I’d love to. 是的/ 我愿意 I agree with you. 我同意你的看法

No problem. 没问题 Sure./ Of course./ Certainly. 当然可以

Yes, I think so. 对,我也这样想

(2).对对方的帮助或要求表示委婉谢绝时,一般用:

I don’t think so. 我认为不是这样 S orry, I can’t. 对不起,我不能

I’d love to, but…我愿意,但恐怕…… I’m afraid… 恐怕……

2.(1)too many + 复数名词许多 too many people

(2)too much +不可数名词许多 too much homework

(3)much too +形容词太… much too cold

3. so conj. 因此

(表示因果关系,后面跟表示结果的句子,不与because同时使用)

v. 允许;准许

(1) allow doing sth 允许做某事

We don’t allow smoking in our house. 我们不允许在家里抽烟。

(2)allow sb.(not)to do sth. (不)允许某人做某事

My parents don’t allow me to stay up late. 我父母不允许我熬夜。

Mr. Smith allowed Mike to drive there. 史密斯先生允许迈克开车去那里。

(3)be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事

(4)allow与let的辨析:

allow指允许,表示默许,听任,不加阻止

let 指让,let sb. do sth.让某人做某事,语意较弱,多用于口语中,let不能用于被动语态。

5.What’s wrong( with sb../ sth.) (某人/物)怎么了?

to sleep 去睡觉 (强调“入睡,睡着”这一动作)

fall asleep睡觉 (强调“入睡,睡着”这一状态)

看起来(系动词,后跟形容词作宾语)

系动词:后跟adj.作表语

一是:(be) am /is /are be quiet=keep quiet 保持安静

二保持:stay/keep (表示持续状态) stay healthy=keep healthy 保持健康

三变化:become/get/turn (表示状态变化)

五起来:sound/look/smell/taste/feel (表示感觉)

8. call up (v + adv) call on 拜访;号召

9. find sb.. doing sth. 发现某人正在做某事

Mr. Wang found Li Dong reading a storybook in the class.

类似动词:hear,watch, see, feel

through 浏览翻阅仔细看

look for 寻找 look after=take care of照看 look like看起来像 look the same看起来一样

look over检查,复习 look through温习,检查 look out小心,从里向外看 look up向上看,查单词

look around环视 look forward to期望

11.angry adj.生气的→ angrily adv. 生气地

(1)be angry with sb.. =be mad at sb.. 对某人生气【with后接人】

(2)be angry at/about sth.对某事感到生气【at后接事】

(3)be angry to do sth. 做某事感到生气

My father was very __________(对……生气)his computer.

He hit the computer _______(angry)

= though 尽管 , 用来引导让步状语从句。 though / although 不能与but连用

although/however辨析

(1)although conj 虽然;即使;纵然,引导让步状语从句时放在主句前后都可。

Although he is very old, yet he is quite strong.他虽然年纪大了,但身体还很健壮。

(2) however adv 然而尽管如此插入语,起连词作用,一般用逗号与句子分开,可放在句首或句中

It’s raining hard, however, I think we should go out. 雨下的很大,尽管如此,我认为我们还应该出去。

deal 表示重要的事情或状况,多用于非正式交流。

否定: It’s not a big deal=It’s no big deal.没有什么了不起; 没什么大不了;不是什么大事(常用于口语中)

It’s a big deal. 这事挺重要的。

What's the big deal? 有什么了不起的?

14..hope v 希望

(1)hope to do sth. I hope to visit Guilin.

(2) hope + that 从句(表示希望)I hope that you’ll be better soon

(3)wish v 希望 wish to do sth. I wish to visit Guilin.

wish sb..to do sth. 希望某人做某事 I wish you to go.

wish +that 从句表示愿望,从句用虚拟语气 I wish I were you.

15.work out 解决;成功地发展,后跟fine,well, badly等词,表明产生的结果如何。

(1)计算出(答案、数量、价格等) The math problem is too difficult for me to work out

(2)制定出(计划等),设计出 I have worked out a new way of doing it.

(3)解决;找出…的答案 The government has many problems to work out.

(4)work for 为……做事,为……尽力,被……雇佣者

16. get on with sb. =get along with sb. 和某人和睦相处;和某人关系良好

get on well/ badly with 相处的好/坏

get on=get along 进展,进步

How are you getting on these days? 你近来生活如何?

v 争吵→argument n 争论 have an argument with sb..与某人辩论

(1)argue with sb与某人争吵 argue with sb about /over sth. 为某事与某人争吵

(2)argue about sth. 争论某事

(3)argue against 争辩;反对 He argued against the plan

(4) argue for 为……辩护 The lawyer argues for the poor man.

18. hang over 挂在......之上;悬浮在......之上

(1)hang out 闲逛;常去某处 He likes reading and he often hangs out in the bookshop.

(2) hang on to 紧紧抓住You’d better hang on to me in the crowd.

(3) hang up 挂电话;悬挂 After she finished her conversation

19.elder/older elder adj.年纪较长的 His elder brother is ill.

(1)elder 表示兄弟姐妹及子女之间的长幼关系,表示“前辈的”、“年纪较长的”,仅用于同一家庭成员的比

较;older则不限于此。

older泛指新旧、老幼或年龄的大小关系,是old的比较级形式。

My younger son is five and my elder son is nine。我的小儿子5岁,大儿子9岁。

Tom is two years older than I.汤姆比我年长两岁。

(2)elder在句中只用作定语,不作表语;older两者皆可。

My elder sister does her homework all by herself. 我的姐姐独自做作业。

His elder son got married last week. 他的长子是上星期结婚的。

I think his mother is older. 我认为他的母亲年龄大引起。

(3)elder只能用来指人;older既可修饰人,也可修饰物。

My elder brother joined the army when he was only fifteen.我哥年仅15就参了军。 This dog is older than any other dogs here.这条狗在这里是最老的一条。

I have a sister older than myself.我有位比我大的姐姐。

nice to sb.. 对某人友好be friendly to sb.. be good to sb..

=say no to v拒绝 refuse to do sth.拒绝去做某事

22. instead 代替,反而,却

(1) instead adv 代替,句首或句尾, 表示前面的事情没做,而做了后面的事情。

Lee was ill so I went instead.李病了,所以我去了。

Instead he watches whatever he wants until late at night.

(2) instead of 代替而不是,是介词短语后接名词、代词、介词短语或动名词形式,放在句中

Instead of going to Qingdao I’m going to Dalian this year. 今年我打算去大连,而不去青岛。

She wrote to him instead of calling him. =She didn’t call him. She wrote to him instead.她没有给他打电话,而是给他写了封信。

23. whatever pron.任何;无论什么= no matter what

Whatever I suggest, he always disagrees. 无论我提什么建议,他都不同意。

(1) whatever作连接代词或连接副词引导让步状语从句,无论,不管此时=no matter what,位置前后置都可。

(2)whatever还可引导名词性从句,同时起先行词和关系代词的作用=anything that或all that,有任何一切这

类意思。此时不能用no matter what替换。

(3)no matter+疑问词结构与疑问词+ever在用法上的区别

no matter+疑问词结构,只能引导让步状语从句=疑问词+ever

疑问词+ever 还可引导名词性从句

No matter where he may be (=Wherever he may be), he will be happy.

(4) 时态由no matter what/who/where/when…引导的从句往往用一般现在时或一般过去时。

No matter who you are, you must obey the rules. 无论你是谁,都应该遵守规则。

24. offer v. 主动提出;自愿给予侧重主动或愿意给予,主动提出做某事

(1) offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事

(2)offer sb.. sth.= offer sth. to sb.. 主动提供给某人某物

She offered me a cup of tea. 她给我端了杯茶。

He offered to go instead of me. 他主动提出代替我去。

adv.第二;其次

v交流沟通 communication n 交流;沟通

communicate with sb.. 和某人交流 They communicate with each other by QQ.

27. explain v 解释;说明→ explanation n 解释;说明

(1) explain sth. to sb.. 向某人解释某事。

(2) explain to sb. sth.给某人解释某事

(3) explain + that / what/ why 等从句

Can you explain what this means? 你能解释一下这个的意思吗?

Please explain it to me. 请你向我解释一下吧。

28. be worried about sth.. 担心某事

worry v 担心→ worried adj. 焦急的

worry about = be worried about 为……担心

29.return v

(1)归还=give back return ... to ... = give back to ... 把......还给......

(2)回来;返回 = come back

30. be afraid of sth/sb 害怕某人/某物

be afraid of doing sth 害怕做某事,侧重主语“担心、害怕”某事发生

be afraid to do sth 侧重于“不敢做某事”

be afraid that---从句害怕,多用于客气地提出个人意见或看法

Section B

1. press v 按;压→pressure压力

(1)不可数名词(物理学)压力 air pressure 气压 blood pressure 血压

(2)不可数名词还可指精神上、外界施加的压力 = stress under pressure 在压力下

2. compete v竞争;对抗→ competition n 竞争

(1)compete with sb. 和某人竞争

(2)compete against/ with 与……竞争

(3)compete for 为……参加比赛

We are ready for the coming ___________(compete).

=make ... better 改进→improvement n提高

4. opinion n 意见;想法;看法

(1)in one’s opinion 以某人的观点;在某人看来 (2)give opinions about sth. 给出关于某事的观点

5.some time /sometime/some times/sometimes

【口诀】分开是一段,合起是某时;分开s 是倍次,合起s是有时

(1) some time一段时间,做时间状语 It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间

(2) sometime adv 在某个时候,

(3) some times 名词词组,几次,几倍 Mr. Green went to Sanya some times last summer.

(4)sometimes=at times 有时(一般现在时的标志词)

pron.其他的人或事物

There are other ways of doing it. 做这事还有其他的办法。

7. Thy Taylors 泰勒一家。在姓氏复数前加冠词the表示全家人或夫妻两人,用时注意主语和谓语保持一致。

The Blacks are getting ready for the holiday.

典型的 be typical of 是……的特点

out 删除;删去 (v+adv) You’d better cut out that sentence.

cut up 切碎 cut down 砍到 cut in 插队,插话 cut off 切断(水、电)供应

adj 成功的→successfully adv成功地

succeed v成功,达到→success n成功 succeed in doing sth

’s time for sth 是到做某事的时候了。It’s time for lunch.

It’s time to do sth It’s time to go to school.

v 继续;持续

continue doing sth =go on doing sth 继续做某事(前后做同一件事)

continue to do sth = go on to do sth 继续做某事(前后不是同一件事)

(1)continue v. 继续,持续,指进程在时间或空间上的延续,强调持续不断,也可指短暂停止后继续进行。

He continue the work for two days.他连续两天都在做这项工作。

(2)go on指无间歇或有间歇地继续,或以某种特定方式继续。

go on to do sth继续做某事,指开始做另外一件事 go on doing sth继续做原来所做的事情。

After doing his homework, he went on to preview his lessons.

(3)last v.持续,延续,维持,指某事物继续存在或某种现象在时间上延续,说明某一动作要延续一段时

间。

She won’t last long in that job.那个工作她做不了多久。

→ sent → sent v 发送

send away 赶走 send for 派人去请 send off 寄出 send out 分发 send up 发射

send sb. sth = send sth to sb. 送给某人某物

类似动词:show (展示;给…看) give (给) lend (借出) offer(提供) return(归还) tell(告诉)

14. kind

(1) n 种类

kind of +adj.有点,有几分

a kind of 一种的,某种的 all kinds of 各种各样的 different kinds of 不同种类的

What kind of…?那种

(2) adj. 友好的 be kind to sb. = be good to sb.=be friendly to sb. 对某人友好

(3)kind of 单独用,有点,后接形容词或副词:

He is kind of thin.他有点瘦” I feel kind of hungry.我有点饿

Uncle Wang speaks kind of quickly. 王叔叔说得有点快。

(4)若kind of前有a, this, that, what等,种,种类后加名词。

That kind of question is difficult to answer. 那类问题难回答。

What kind of sport do you like best? 你最喜欢何种运动?

time to do sth 有时间做某事

A with

B 将A和B 比较

(1)compare…with… 把……与…..做比较侧重指两者间的区别。

(2) compare…to… 把…..比做……着重注意两者间的相似点。

(3)compared with/to 状语,位于句首,句中

Compare this car with that one, and you will find the differences between them.

This song compares our country to a big family.这首歌把我的国家比作一个大家庭。

17.good ( better ; best) adj. 好的→ goodness n 好处;善行;美德

(1)be good for 对….有益处(反) be bad for对…有害处

(2) be good at +n/doing=do well in +n/doing 擅长于做某事

(3)be good to sb. =be kind to =be friendly to sb.对某人友好

The boy is good ______me .He is good______English , and he tells me oral practice is good ____improve

spoken English.

18.development n 发展

Good habits are good for the ___________(develop) of us teenagers.

The ____________(develop) of science has changed our world a lot.

19. cause v. 造成,使发生

(1) cause sb. to do sth 使某人做某事

(2) cause sb. for sb. 给某人添麻烦

(3) cause, reason, excuse辨析

cause n. 原因,指引起某种结果的“原因”,后接介词of.

The cause of the accident was the fact that he was driving too fast. 事故的原因是他开车开的太快。

reason n.理由,原因,指决定做某事或采取某项行动的理由。

The reason he was driving so fast was that he didn’t want to miss an important meeting. excuse n.辩解,借口,指对某种行为所做的解释,可以是真的,也可以是托词。

He made a good excuse for his driving. 他为自己开快车找了一个堂皇的借口。

20.in one’s opinion 以某人的观点;在某人看来

也许;可能

perhaps,probably,possibly,maybe辨析

(1) perhaps也许,可能,一般指比较小的可能性。

Perhaps I will see him the day after tomorrow, but I am not sure. 也许我后天去看他,不过我不能确定。

(2) probably很可能,大概,其可能性最大,表示一种几乎完全肯定的意思。

He will probably refuse the offer.他很可能会拒绝这份提议。

(3) possibly可能,或许,也许,可能性较大。

I’ll se e you today, or possibly tomorrow.我今天要见你,不过也可能是明天。

(4) maybe或许,大概,主要用于非正式场合,常用在口语中,语气比perhaps轻。

Maybe you put the letter in your basket. 或许你把信放在你的篮子里了。

. adj. 不理智的;疯狂的 (在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语)

be crazy about 对……着迷;热衷于……I’m crazy about football.

’s + adj.(easy,difficult,important,necessary) +(for sb.) to do sth

(1) 若形容词表示事物特征的,easy ,difficult, hard ,important等,须用介词for 【形容物,用for】It’s +adj( kind, honest, friendly, )+(of sb) to do sth.

(2) 若形容词表示人的性格、品质与特点,good ,kind ,nice, wrong等,用介词of。【形容人用of】

on doing 继续做某事

keep sb. doing sth 让某人一直做某事 keep up with 跟上

keep sb. from doing sth阻止某人做某事 keep away from避开

重点区分:

1.so that 因此,引导目的状语从句,一般放在主句后,且不用逗号隔开。表示前一句所表述的动作的目或

动机(是一种可能性),而非事实。因此,在从句中常使用can/could/will/may/should等词。

I got up early so that I could catch the early bus.我起得早,以便能赶上早班车。

You must go now so that you won’t be late.

2.so that… 如此……以至于,常用于结果状语从句,表示上文动作所产生结果,陈述的是客观事实,常常

不带情态动词。

He studied hard so that he passed the exam. 他努力学习,结果通过了考试。

3. though 尽管……但是,不能说,though…but。

although和though引导让步状语从句时,常采用省略形式。

Although tired (=Although he was tired), he kept on working. 虽然很疲劳,但他继续工作。

The problem, though complicated (=though it is complicated), can be solved without much difficulty.

though引导让步状语从句时可以倒装,而although从句则不能。

Bravely though they fought, they had no chance of winning. 虽然他们打得很勇敢,但还是没有机会获胜。

Poor though I am, I can afford it. 我虽穷,但这东西还是买得起的。

Child though he was, he did quite well. 他虽是孩子,但干得很好。

4. 连词until,till 用哪一个的关键在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。

肯定句:(untill:直到.....为止)

I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。

Wait till I call you. 等着我叫你。(在肯定句中可用before代替)

否定句:(untill:直到.....才)

She didn't arrive until 6 o'clock. 她直到6点才到。

Don't get off the bus until it has stopped. 公共汽车停稳后再下车。

I didn't manage to do it until you had explained how. 直到你教我后,我才会做。

until 用于否定句中,表示句子的动作直到until短语所表示的时间才开始发生,即表示动作的起点。一般直到……才

until可用于句首,而till通常不用于句首。

Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened. 直到你告诉我以前,出了什么事我一点也不知道。

5.should情态动词,表示劝告、建议,应该,和其他情态动词一样,没有人称和数的变化,后接动词原形,

其否定形式为shouldn’t。

Maybe she should say sorry to you.也许她应该跟你说声对不起。

6.could情态动词 could既是can的过去式,表示过去的能力,又可以表示谨慎、客气的建议,后接动词

原形,其否定形式为couldn’t。

My grandfather could drive well even at the age of eighty. 我的祖父甚至到了80岁任然能很好地驾车。

You could go out and buy her some medicine. 你可以出去给他买些药。

7.状语从句在句子中作状语的从句。状语从句有时间状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句等。本单元重点讲述以下三种类型的状语从句。

A. until引导的时间状语从句

until直到;在........之前。注意until和not.....until在用法上的区别

until:在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句里,如果主句用肯定式,其含义是“一直到……时”,谓语动

词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式,其含义是直到……才……, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。

The young man read till the light went out. Let’s wait until the rain stops.

We won’t start until Bob come Don’t get off until the bus stops.

Continue in this direction until you see a sign.一直朝着这个方向走直到你看见一个指示牌。

I didn’t wake up until I he ard the alarm clock. 直到听到闹钟的铃声我才醒来。

that引导的目的状语从句

so that连词,为的是,以便,引导目的状语从句。

注意so that, in order that和in order to在用法上的区别。

Let me take down your telephone number so that I can call you later.

让我记下你的号码,为的是以后好打电话给你。

C. although引导的状语从句

although的用法意思相当于though(尽管,虽然),用来引导让步状语从句。它所引导的从句不能与并列连词but,and, so等连用,但可以和yet, still等词连用。

① Although the book was old, we decided to buy it.尽管这本书很旧,我们还是决定买。

② Although he was tired, he went on working. 尽管很累,他还是继续工作。

Although he had only entered the contest for fun, he won first prize. 尽管他参加这次竞赛只不过是闹着玩而已,却赢得了头等奖。

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