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英语时态终极版

英语时态终极版
英语时态终极版

一般现在时

1. 定义:表示经常性的动作(即行为动词)或状态(即be动词)。

2. 标志词:often, usually, sometimes, every day, every morning, every afternoon/evening, twice a day/mont h, on Sunday.

3. 结构:肯定句:

含有be动词的:主语+ be (am, is, are) +其他 Eg, I am a student. You are a singer.

She/He is a teacher. It is a cat.

含有行为动词的:主语(第一、二人称,复数)+动词原形+其他 Eg, I get up at 6:00 every morning. You make a lot of noise.

They/ We play basketball every afternoon.

主语(第三人称)+动词的单三形式+其他 Eg, He plays basketball every afternoon. She likes traveling every summer holiday. His fathe r goes to work at 8:00 every morning. 否定句:(在肯定句的be后加not)

含有be动词的:主语+be (am, is ,are) +not +其他 Eg, I am not a student. You are not a singer. She/He is not a teacher.

含有行为动词的:主语+do/does not +动词原形+其他 Eg, I don’t know the answer.

He does not play basket on the ground. does not = doesn’t do not =don’t

注意:主语为第三人称单数或不可数名词时,用does 一般疑问句:

含有be动词的:Be (Are/ Is) +主语 +其他?

肯定回答:Yes, 主语+be(am, is are) 否定回答:No, 主语+be +not Eg, Are you a student?

肯定回答:Yes, I am 否定回答:No, I am not 含有行为动词的:Do/Does +主语+动词原形+其他?

肯定回答:Yes, 主语+do/does 否定回答:No, 主语+do/does not Eg, Do you have any cousins? 肯定回答:Yes, I do 否定回答:No, I don’t Does your father go to work by bus?

肯定回答:Yes, he does. 否定回答:No, he does not 注意:主语为第三人称单数或不可数名词时,用Does. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句?特殊疑问词:

What “什么(人、物、东西)”对“什么”都可以提问 When “什么时候”对时间进行提问①“感觉….怎么样?”对感觉提问

How Eg, ----How does your holiday?

---- It is great!

②“怎么去…”对方式提问

Eg, How do you go to school? By bus Why “为什么”对原因提问。 Where “在哪里”对地点提问。 Who “谁”对人提问。 4. 用法:

(1).表示事实、客观存在、科学事实、普遍真理。 Eg, Summer follows spring. 春天之后是夏天。(2).表示目前的情况或状况。 Eg, I am a teacher. 我是教师。(3).表示格言警句。Eg, Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。注意点:

1. 如果疑问句中的主语是第一人称,回答时,要用第二人称。

Eg, Are you a teacher? Yes, I am

如果疑问句中的主语是第二人称,回答时,要用第一人

称。 Eg, Do you have any books? Yes, I do.

2. 如果疑问句中的主语为单数名词,回答中要相应的用单数人称代词。 Eg, Is the girl a student? Yes, she is . Does the boy play basketball? Yes, he does. Is the weather cool? Yes, it is.

3. 如果疑问句中的主语为复数名词,回答时要变成相应的复数人称代词。 Eg, Do the boys go to cinema? Yes, they do

一般将来时

一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作,事情或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作或事情。

1)will/shall+动词原形 shall用于第一人称,常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称,在征求意见时常用于第二人称。will not=won't shall not=shan't例如: Which paragraph shall I read first?我先读哪一段呢?

Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗? 2) be going to +不定式,表示将来。

a. 主语的意图,即将做某事。例如:What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢?

b. 计划,安排要发生的事。例如:The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。

c. 有迹象要发生的事。例如:Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云,快要下雨了。

3) be +不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如:

We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。 4) be about to +不定式,意为马上做某事。例如: He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。

注意:be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。

Notice:be to和be going to

be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事,be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。例如:

I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。(客观安排) I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。(主观安排)

5.现在进行时表将来时

下列动词的现在进行时表示将来时

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/159464922.html,e.fly.leave.start.begin.finish.end.arrive and so on. she is leaving for Wuhan tomorrow.

6.一般现在时表将来

1)下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来,主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如:

The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。

When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开?十分钟后。

2)以here, there等开始的倒装句,表示动作正在进行。例如: Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。 There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。 3)在时间或条件句中。例如:

When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后,让他等我。I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里,就写信给你。 4)在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。例如: I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。 Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前,务必把窗户关了。

be going to和will 的区别

be going to和will 的用法虽然都表示将来发生动作或情况,一般情况下能互换。但它们的用法是有区别的。(1)be going to主要用于:

1、表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算、计划要做的事情。

E.g. What are you going to do today? 今天你们打算做什么?

Dad and I are going to watch an opera this afternoon. 今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌剧。

I’m going to play the violin. 我打算拉小提琴。

She’s going to play the piano. 她打算弹钢琴。

2、表示根据目前某种迹象判断,某事非常有可能发生。

E.g. Look! There come the dark clouds. It is going to rain. 瞧!乌云密集,天要下雨。

I am afraid I am going to have a cold. 恐怕我要患重感冒。 (2) will主要用于在以下几个方面:

1、表示单纯的未来“将要”通用各个人称。eg:

They will go to visit the factory tomorrow. 明天他们将去工厂参观。 I’ll come with Wang Bing, Liu Tao and Yang Ling. 我将和王兵、刘涛、杨玲一起来。

2、表示不以人的意志为转移的自然发展的未来的事。eg:

Today is Saturday. Tomorrow will be Sunday. 今天是星期六。明天是(将)是星期日。

He will be thirty years old this time next year. 明年这个时候他就(将)三十岁。 3、问对方是否愿意做某事或表示客气地邀请或命令。eg:

Will you please turn on the radio? 请打开收音机好吗? Will you go to the zoo with me? 你和我一起去动物园好吗?

一般将来是特殊用法:

1) be +不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。 We are to talk about the report next Saturday. 2) be about to +不定式,意为马上做某事。 He is about to leave for Beijing.

注意:be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。

3)有些表趋向性的动词可用想在进行时表将来:例如:go,come,arrive,fly(飞往),reach

(到达),stay,leave,start, die...

如:I’m going to go to the zoo this weenend.= I’m going to the zoo this weenend. He’s going to leave for Paris.= He’s leaving for Paris.

The old man is dying.=The old man will die. 这个老人要去世。

一般过去时

一、一般过去时的概念:

一般过去时用来表示过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态以及过去习惯性、反复性的动作。谓语动词要用动词的过去式,常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday昨天、last night 昨晚、last week上周、last year去年,等。

二、一般过去时的结构:(可分三类不同的结构) 1.Be动词的一般过去时

在没有实义动词的句子中使用be动词, am is 的过去式为was; are的过去式为were

肯定句式:主语 + be(was , were) + 其它. 否定句式:主语 + be(was , were) + not + 其它. 一般疑问句:Be(was , were) + 主语 + 其它?

注:在这种构成中,be动词有人称和数的变化,即要根据主语选用was / were。Be动词分为单数和复数,was是表示单数,were是表示复数。

2. 实义动词的一般过去时态

肯定句要使用动词的过去式,否定句和疑问句要使用助动词do和 does 的过去式 did.

肯定句式:主语 + 动词(过去式)+ 其它

否定句式:主语 + didn’t + 动词(原形)+ 其它【did not = didn’t】

一般疑问句:Did + 主语+ 动词(原形)+ 其它【do , does的过去时均为did】?注:did和didn’t 是构成一般过去时的助动词,其特点是要在其后跟动词的原形。

现在进行时

一、概念

表示正在发生的事情或动作,常和now,look,listen连用。如:Wearelisteningtomusicnow. 我们现在正在听音乐。Listen!Heisplayingthepiano.

听!他正在弹钢琴。

二、句子结构

1.be+动词现在分词(即:动词-ing形式),be+doing是一个整体,不能分开。2.be随着主语的变化而变化,doing的变化规则根据现在分词的变化规律来定。三、动词现在分词的构成规律

1.一般情况下,在动词原形后直接加-ing;

如:work→working

do→doing

play→playing

2.以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加-ing;

如:dance→dancing

come→coming

3.在重读闭音节(即:辅音+元音+辅音)的动词中,要先双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ing;如:get→getting

shop→shoppingrun→running

swim→swimming

4.以ie结尾的重读闭音节词,将ie改成y再加ing。

如:lie→lying

die→dying

四、现在进行时的各种句式变化

1.否定句

方法:直接在be的后面加not。如:Theyarerunning.→Theyarenotrunning.

2.一般疑问句

方法:直接把be放在主语的前面,其余位置不变。如:Theyarerunning.→Aretheyrunnin?3.特殊疑问句

方法:如果就划线部分提问事情或动作时,用What…doing?如:Theyareswimmingintheseanow. →Whataretheydoingintheseanow?

过去进行时

过去进行时的用法

一、过去进行时的时间状语

1. when 和while引导的状语从句中,强调某个动作正在进行的过程中时要用进行时态,while 表示一段时间,因此它所引导的状语从句中,谓语动词常用进行时态,如:

When/While we were having supper, the light went out. 我们正在吃饭时灯熄灭了。

2. when用作并列连词时,主句常用进行时态,从句则用一般过去时,表示主句动作发生的过程中,另一个意想不到的动作发生了。如:

I was walking in the street when someone called me. 我正在街上走时突然有人喊我。二、下面几种情况不用一般过去时而要用过去进行时: 1. 表示过去某一阶段暂时性的习惯动作时。如:

Tom was getting up at six o’clock every day that week. 汤姆那一周里每天都是六点钟起床。 2. 与always连用表示赞美,厌烦等感情色彩时。如: John was always coming to school late. 约翰上学总是迟到。

Lei Feng was always doing good deeds for the people. 雷锋总是为人民做好事。 3. 用来描写故事发生的情景时。如:

It was a dark night. The wind was blowing hard and the rain was falling heavily. A PLA man sudde nly appeared on the river bank. He wanted to cross the river.那是一个漆黑的夜晚,风刮得很厉害,雨下得很大,一个解放军战士突然出现在河岸上,他想过河去。

4. when作并列连词,表示“(这时)突然”之意时,第一个并列分句用过去进行时,when 引导的并列分句用一般过去时。如:

I was taking a walk when I met him. 我正在散步,突然遇见了他。

We were playing outside when it began to rain. 我们正在外边玩,这时下起雨来了。 5. go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词可用过去进行时表示过去将来的含义。如: I was leaving for Wuhan that day. 那天我正要去武汉。 She was coming later. 她随后就来。

三、过去进行时表示婉转语气(只限于want, hope, wonder 等动词),用以提出请求。如: I was wondering if you could help me. I was hoping you could send me home.

1. 过去进行时的定义

2

过去进行时主要表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作,或表示过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作。如: I was having a talk with Li Hua at that time. 那时,我正在跟李华谈话。 I was watching TV at home last night. 昨晚我一直在看电视。 2. 过去进行时的结构过去进行时由“was / were + 现在分词”构成。如: I was doing my lessons then. 那时,我在做功课。 We were cleaning the house. 我们在打扫房子。 3. 使用过去进行时应注意的几点

(1)过去进行时可表示按计划、安排过去某时刻将要发生的动作。如:

He said they were leaving for Beijing this afternoon. 他说他今天下午要去北京。(2)动词hope, wonder等的过去进行时常用来表示提出要求,虽然表示现在的内容,但语气比一般现在时或一般过去时要委婉。如:

I was wondering whether you could come to join us. 我想你能否过来跟我们一起活动?(3)过去进行时中有always, forever, continually, constantly修饰时,表示说话人的赞赏或厌烦的感情。如:

He was always thinking of others. 他总是想到人家。 4. 过去进行时与一般过去时的区别(1)过去进行时强调动作在过去某时刻正在进行或持续,而一般过去时表示动作的完成。如: He was writing his composition last night. 他昨晚在写作文。(不一定写完) He wrote his composition last night. 他昨晚写了一篇作文。(已经写完)(2)表示过去的状态、感觉及心理活动的静态动词(如be, like, love, hate, fear, own, hear, see, know, want, notice)可用于一般过去时,但通常不用于进行时。如:

I hated it when a man spoke with his mouth full of food. 我讨厌人们说话时口里含着食物。(3)一般过去时与always, constantly, forever, continually等连用,表示“过去经常性、习惯性的动作”;而过去进行时与always, constantly, forever, continually等连用,表示动作的重复,常带有感情色彩。如:

3

He always got up at six. 他过去总是六点起床。

He was always thinking of his work. 他总是一心想到工作。

(4)有时过去进行时可以用来替换一般过去时,但一般过去时表示主语的行为是经过认真考虑的;而过去进行时表示一种较随便或没有进行仔细考虑的行为。如: I thought that he would agree with us. 我原以为它会同意我们的。

I was thinking of persuading him to follow my advice. 我想到了要说服他接受我们的建议

将来进行时

将来进行时的讲解及练习

1. 一般将来时是指将来某个时间将要发生的动作和状态,基本结构是:主语

+will/be going to do 如:I wil/am goning to Beijing next sunday.我下个星期天将要去北京。2. 将来进行时是指将来某个时间正在进行的动作。基本结构是:主语+will be/be going to be +doing 如:I will be sleeping at 12:00p.m. 十二点的时候我将在睡觉。

I will be studying in university at the age of 20.我20岁的时候我将会在大学里学习。

一、将来进行时用来表示在将来的某一个时间正在进行的动作①下个星期的这时候,我们将在那个工厂劳动. This time next week we shall be working in that factory. ②明天下午三点,我们将正在开会.

We'll be having a meeting at three o'clock tomorrow afternoon.

③你将什么时候见怀特先生 (语气较委婉客气,下属对上司)When will you be seeing Mr. White ④今天晚上七点,学生们将正在看电视.

The students will be watching TV at seven this evening.

二、将来进行时主要表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作,或表示要在将来某一时刻开始,并继续下去的动作。常用来表示礼貌的询问,请求等。例如:

1)This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema. 用法:强调在将来的某个具体时间正在发生的动作或事情.

例:Don't worry, you won't miss her. She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time . 别担心,你不会认不出她的.她到时会穿一件红色的T恤衫和一条白色的短裙. 例:This time tomorrow you ________ there doing some more exercises. A) will sit B) will be s itting C) sit D) shall sit

答案是B).因为this time tomorrow是个很具体的将来时间. 三、将来进行时用来表示不含意图又未发生的动作

注意:将来进行时不用于表示"意志",不能说 I'll be having a talk with her. I will be helping Mary tomorrow.明天我帮玛丽干活.

这不表示说话人已安排好要帮助玛丽或者想帮助她.这个句子仅仅说明这一动作将要发生.将来进行时的这种用法有些像表示将来的现在进行时,但有以下几点不同之处. 四、表示委婉的请求

When shall we be meeting again?五、与现在进行时态的区别

现在进行时表示一种经过考虑的,将来要进行的动作,而将来进行时通常表示正常过程中会发生的动作,因此将来进行时不如现在进行时那样肯定,比后者偶然性要大一些: I am seeing Tom tomorrow. 明天我要和汤姆见面. I'll be seeing Tom tomorrow. 明天我会见到汤姆.

第一句意指汤姆或说话人已经特意安排了这次会面,而第二句则意指汤姆和说话人将在通常进程中见面(也许他们在一起工作).不过这种差别并不是在任何情况下都很重要,而且常常两者都可以使用.现在进行时用于表示最近将来的动作时,必须有确定的时间,而将来进行时可以和确定的时间状语连用,也可以不连用. 它既可以表示最近将来的动作,也可以表示较远将来的动作.可以说:

2

I am meeting him tomorrow. 我明天和他会面.

I'll be meeting him tomorrow/next year/some time/. 我明天/明年/某时将与他会面. 六、与一般将来时态的区别

将来进行时通常表示的是对将来事实的简单陈述.

而will+V. (一般将来时)除表示时间概念外,还带有感情色彩. e.g. 汤姆明天将正在割草. Tom will be cutting grass tomorrow. 汤姆明天愿意割草. Tom will cut the grass tomorrow.

现在完成时

一.含义:表示到目前为止已经完成的动作或存在的状态。

二.结构:

助动词have/ has + 过去分词done

★肯定句:主语+ have/ has + 过去分词done 否定句:主语+ have/ has + not + 过去分词done 一般疑问句: Have/ Has + 主语 + 过去分词done 简略答语: Yes, 主语 + have/ has. No, 主语 + haven’t / hasn’t.

★过去分词:

1 、规则动词:规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成

规则相同。四点变化规则:

(1). 一般动词,在词尾直接加“ ed ”:

work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited (2). 以“ e ”结尾的动词,只在词尾加“ d ”: live---lived---lived ,

(3)、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词,将 "y" 变为 "i" ,再加“ ed ”: study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried

(4)、重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再

加“ ed ”: stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped

2. 不规则动词

三.用法

1. 现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,有以下四大标志词:

①already, just和yet:

He has already got her help. 他已得到她的帮助。 He has just seen the film. 他刚刚看过这场电影。 He hasn't come back yet. 他还没有回来。

②ever和never:

This is the best film I have ever seen. 这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。 He has never been to Beijing. 他从没有到过北京。

③以动作发生的次数为标志

He says he has been to the USA three times.

④so far,before, recently, lately

He has bought a new car recently. I haven’t heard from him Jane lately.

Scientists haven’t found the cure of AIDS so far.

★现在完成时不能和明确表示过去时间的状语连用,如ago, yesterday, last year, at that time, then等。

2. 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的, 持续到现在的动作, 常与

for(+时间段),since(+时间点或过去时的句子),或 how long连用:

①for + 时段

Mary has been ill for three days.

②since + 过去一个时间点(译为:自从……以来) He has been a teacher since 1998. ③since + 时段 + ago

He has studied English since 4 years ago. ④since + 从句(过去时)

I have lived here since I was born. ⑤It is + 时段 + since + 从句(过去时) It is three days since he arrived here.

★非延续性动词leave, arrive, come, go, return, join, die, buy, borrow等的完成时,

在肯定句中不能与for 或 since等引导的时间段连用:他到这里三天了。

He has arrived here for three days. He has been here for three days. It is three days since he arriv ed here. It has been three days since he arrived here.

四. Have gone to, have been to, 与have been in的区别 have/has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场)

Where is your father?He has gone to Shanghai.

have/has been (to) :去过(已不在去过的地方) My father has been to Shanghai.

have/has been in:呆了多久(还在所呆的地方)

My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago.

过去完成时

一、过去完成时的概念与结构特点

概念:过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作,即“过去的过去( past-in-the-past )”。

----|--------------------------

|-------------------------------|---------------------------->

那时以前那时现在

构成:过去完成时由“助动词 had + 过去分词”构成,其中 had 通用于各种人称。 They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel. She had finished writing

the composition by 10 :00 this morning.

二、过去完成时的判断依据

1. 由时间状语来判定

一般说来,各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有:( 1 ) by + 过去的时间点。

如: I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.

( 2 ) by the end of + 过去的时间点。

如: We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.

( 3 ) before + 过去的时间点。

如: They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 2. 由“过去的过去”来判定。过去完成时表示“过去的过去”,是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作,即动作有先后关系,动作在前的用过去完成时,在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在:( 1 )宾语从句中

当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时,且从句的动作先于主句的动作时,从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如: She said that she had seen the film before. ( 2 )状语从句中

在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中,主、从句的动作发生有先后关系,动作在前的,要用过去完成时,动作在后的要用一般过去时。如:

When I got to the station, the train had already left.

After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.

注意: before, after 引导的时间状语从句中,由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系,若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连,则主、从句都用一般过去时。如: Where did you study before you came here?

After he closed the door, he left the classroom.

( 3 )表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用过去完成时表示"原本…,未能…"

We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 3. 根据上、下文来判定。

I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to Beijing.

三、过去完成时的主要用法

1. 过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束,即发生在“过去的过去”。如:

When I woke up, it had stopped raining.

我醒来时,雨已经停了。(主句的动作发生在“过去的过去”)

2. 过去完成时是一个相对的时态,表示的是“过去的过去”,只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。如:

He told me that he had written a new book. (had written 发生在 told 之前 )

3. 过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用,它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。此时多与 already , yet , still , just , before , never 等时间副词及 by , before , until 等引导的短语或从句连用。

如:Before she came to China, Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years. P eter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten.

4. 过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始,一直延续到这一过去时间,而

且动作尚未结束,仍然有继续下去的可能。

如: By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years. ( had worked 已有了 20 年,还有继续进行下去的可能)

5. 过去完成时也用于hardly...when...(刚…就…), no sooner...than... (刚…就…), It was the first time + that等一些固定句型中。

He had no sooner left the room than they began to talk about him. 他刚离开房间,他们就议论起他来。 We had hardly begun when we were told to stop.

我们刚开始就被叫停。

It was the first time that he had ever spoken to me in such a tune.他用这样的语调跟我讲话,这是第一次。

四、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别

现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去,但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响,与现在有关,其结构为“助动词 have (has) + 过去分词”;过去完成时则是一个相对的时态,它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去,更强调“过去的过去”,只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时,才用到它。试比较:

I have learned 1000 English words so far. 到目前为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。 I had learned 1000 English words till then. 到那时为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。— I'm sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起,让你久等了。— Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes.

没什么,我只等了几分钟。(“等”的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在)— John returned home yesterday. 约翰昨天回到家的。— Where had he been?

他去哪儿了?(答语中使用过去完成时是指约翰在 returned home 之前去了哪些地方,即“过去的过去”)

五、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别

虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,但在使用时应注意以下几点:

1. 时间状语不同:过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”;而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。试比较:

They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday. They arrived at the station at ten yesterday. 2. 在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时,谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断:先发生的用过去完成时,后发生的则用一般过去时。如:

She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in t he composition competition.

3. 当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用 and 或 but 连接时,按时间顺序,只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时;另外,在 before , after , as soon as 引导的从句中,由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后,因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。

将来完成时

将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。经常与before+将来

时间或by+将来时间连用,也可与before或by the time引导的现在时的从句连用。将来完成进行时表示动作从某一时间开始一直延续到将来某一时间。是否继续下去,要视上下文而定。这个时态常和表示将来某一时间的状语连用。如:

I shall have been working here in this factory for twenty years by the end of the year. 到今年年底,我将在这个工厂工作20年了

If we don't hurry up the store will have been closing before we get there. 咱们如不快一点儿,等我们到了那儿,店门就会关了。

The play is coming off in August. By then the play will have been running for three months. 这个剧将于8月停演。到那时为止,这个剧将连演三个月了。注意:

将来完成进行时表示:

a. 状态完成:表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。

b. 动作完成:表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前,已经完成的动作或一获得的经验。 They will have been married for 20 years by then. You will have reached Shanghai by this ti me tomorrow. 将来完成时的构成

将来完成时的构成是由"shall/will + have +过去分词"构成的。 Before long he will have forgotten all about the matter. 不久他就会全然忘记这件事的。He is somebody now. He will not have remembered his old classmates. 他现在是一个有身份的人了,他可能不会记得老同学了。 Will you have known Kevin for 10 years next month? 到下个月你认识凯文该有10年了吧?

常见的八种英语时态详解

常见的八种英语时态详解 时态(Tense)是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此,当我们说时态结构的时候,指的是相应时态下的动词形式。英语时态分为16种 1. 一般现在时 基本结构:①be动词am/is/are;②行为动词原形或单数第三人称。 否定形式:① am /is /are +________;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加_________,如主语为第三人称单数,则用___________,同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句:①把be动词放于句首;②用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,用does,同时,还原行为动词。 提示词:always , everyday , often , once a week (month , year , etc.) , sometimes , seldom , usually 1) 描述当前时间内经常出现、反复发生的动作或存在的状态。 She doesn't often write to her family, only once a month. It seldom rains here .这儿很少下雨。 2)仅为了描述状态、性质、特征、能力等等。

这里的目的是为了"描述现阶段的动作或状态",其重点"不是强调动作发生的时间、或进行的状态"。例如: He can speak five foreign languages . Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world. 3) 陈述客观事实、客观真理。 The earth goes around the sun .地球绕着太阳转。 4) 根据英文语法规定,当主句的谓语动词是一般将来时,那么时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。例如: I'll tell him the news when he comes back. 他回来时,我将告诉他这个消息。 If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 5)现在时的特殊用法:一般现在时表过去 1. 用于某些动词(tell, say, hear, learn, gather等)表示不确定的过去时间。如: I hear that he got married last month. 我听说他上个月结婚了。 Mary says you told her to come over here. 玛丽说是你让她到这儿来的。 2. 当要陈述一个客观事实时,有时即使有过去时间状语也可用一般现在时。如: The story is set in the summer of 1937. 故事的背景是1937年夏天。 The story begins in the year 1937. 故事开始于1937年。 练习 1)He always _____ ( get)up early. 2)Mary often ______(do)some shopping on Sundays 3).I’ll go with you as soon as I_______(finish)my homework. 4)If he _______(come) here, I will tell you 5)The earth ________( move) round the sun.

初中英语时态一般现在时态的详解

一般现在时 1.一般现在时的定义:一般现在时是描述现在或经常性的性质,动作或状态的时态。常与表示频度的时间状语every day, usually, always, often, sometimes, on Sunday等连用。如: We usually go to school at 7:30. 我们通常7:30上学去。[go] 2.一般现在时的结构及句型变化 构成:一般现在时的构成主要有两种形式: (1)对于谓语动词或助动词是be、have、can/may/must a.肯定句中I am a student.I can swim. b.否定句中,谓语动词或助动词是be、have或者情态动词can/may/must 等,在将be动词,助动词,情态动词后加not. She isn't a teacher.她不是教师。I can’t swim. c.一般疑问句,.对于谓语动词或助动词是be、have或者情态动词can/may/must 等,将be动词,助动词,情态动词移到主语前面,句尾用问号 Are you ready?Yes,I am.No,I'm not. Can you swim? Yes, I can. No, I can’t. (2)实义动词型:句中的谓语动词为实义动词(也叫行为动词): a.肯定句中,只出现实义动词,如: I get up in the morning.我早晨起床。 b.否定句中,要在实义动词前面加do(does)+not,do(does)作助动词,本身无意义,常与not缩写成don't(doesn't),如: I don't like vegetables.我不喜欢蔬菜。 c.一般疑问句,要在句子开头加助动词Do(does),句尾用问号,简略答语用Yes,主语+do(does).或No,主语+do(does)+not.如: Do you like oranges?—你喜欢桔子吗?Yes,I do.—是的,我喜欢。 No,I don't.—不,我不喜欢。 3.一般现在时的用法详解 A--表示客观存在及普遍真理或表示格言或警句中。如: Summer follows spring. 春天之后是夏天。 The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。 Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败 B--经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。 时间状语:every…, sometimes,ofen,always. I leave home for school at 7 every morning C--现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。 I don't want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well. D—表示按时间表拟定的或安排好的事情,或要发生的事动作。这种用法往往指严格按照时刻表进行或按照事先安排好的进行。 Flight Canada departs at 16:30. E--在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,常用一般现在时代替将来时。 If we do not have class tomorrow, we will have panic. F--小说故事用一般现在时代替一般过去时。新闻报道类的内容,为了体现其“新鲜”性,也用一般现在时来表示过去发生的事情。 4一般现在时注意的地方

英语常用的几种时态

例如: We have made a lot of friends since we came here. 自从我们来到这里以来已经交了很多的朋友。 (3)谈论某人的出生日期经常用一般过去时。例如: —When were you born? 你是什么时候出生的? —I was born in 1983. 我出生于1983年。 3. 现在进行时的用法: (1)表示说话的时候正在发生的动作,经常与时间状语now,at present,at this time/ moment等连用。例如: The boys are playing football over there now. 这些男孩子们正在那边踢足球。 My father is watching TV with my mother now. 我的爸爸正在和妈妈一起看电视。 (2)表示现阶段正在进行着的动作,但不一定在说话时正在进行。经常与now,these days等时间状语连用。例如: I am learning French in Beijing these days. 这些天我正在北京学法语。 (3)一些瞬间动词的现在进行时可以表示一般将来时表示“即将……”,常有表示将来的时间状语。常用的这类动词有come,leave,go,arrive,die等。例如: Hurry up! The bus is coming. 快点!公共汽车马上就要开了。 He is coming back tomorrow. 他明天会回来。 4. 过去进行时的用法: 表示说话的过去某个时候或某一阶段正在进行的动作。这一特定时间除了有上下文暗示外,经常和表示过去时间的状语then,a moment ago,at this time yesterday,at ten last night,at that time/ moment等连用。例如: —What were you doing at this time yesterday? 昨天这个时候你正在做什么? —I was cooking with my mother. 我正和我妈妈一起做饭。 5. 一般将来时的用法: 表示将来发生的动作或者存在的状态。常和表示将来的时间状语,如tomorrow,next week/ year/ month,this afternoon/ evening,tonight,in a few days,when he comes等连用。一般将来时的构成:1)will/shall+动词原形2)be going to+动词原形。其中shall用于第一人称,will用于第二和第三人称。例如: I’ll come and help you tomorrow. 我明天来帮助你。 He will go to Beijing and see his father next week. 他下个星期去北京看他的爸爸。 注意: (1)shall一般和第一人称的代词连用构成shall I或者shall we的一般疑问句,用来询问对方的意图和愿望,征求别人同意等。例如: Shall we go swimming this afternoon? 今天下午我们去游泳好吗? (2)助动词shall引起的一般疑问句征求别人同意时,回答不能用Yes, you shall或者No, you shall not,应该用Yes, please do.或者No, please don’t. 例如: —Shall I close the window? 我把窗户关上好吗? —No, please don’t.不,别关。 (3)be going to+动词原形,常用来表示已经决定或安排要做的事,也用于表示必然

小学英语四种时态

英语四种时态 ◆一般现在时 1.定义:1.表示目前存在的状态 2.表示经常性、习惯性的动作 3.表示客观的事实 2.标志词:频度副词:例:always, usually, often, sometimes, every day(week….) 例如:1. I often watch TV at home. 3.结构:当主语是第三人称单数时动词+ s, 或es)2. She always goes to school on foot 疑问形式:.主语前加do 或does (动词还原) 否定式:动词前加don’t 或doesn’t (动词还原) 例如:Do you clean your room on the weekend? Does she wash her clothes on the weekend?ea ◆现在进行时 1. 定义:表示目前正在发生的动作或存在的状态 2.标志词:1.提示语:look! Listen! now!等词 3.结构:Be动词(am, is, are ) + 动词ing 例如:1. Look, they are playing football.2. Listen ,she is singing. 3.I am reading now . ◆一般将来时 1.定义:1.表示计划或打算做某事 2.将要发生的动作或存在的状态 2.标志词:1.tomorrow, the next day, this afternoon, this evening 2.next week (month, year…) 3.结构有两种:1.be going to + 动词原形 2.will + 动词原形 如:1.He is going to play football next week. 2 .He will play basketball next week. 疑问形式:be 或will 放主语前如: 1. Is he going to play football next week? 2.Will he play baskball next week? 否定式:be 或will 后加not will not = won’t 如:1. He isn’t going to play football next week? 2. He won’t play baskball next week? ◆一般过去式 1.定义:表示过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状态 2.标志词:1.yesterday, last week/ year/ month 等 3.结构:1.动词用过去时was, were ,did, played 等。例如:is/am---was are ----were 疑问形式:1.was / were 放主语前 2.主语前加did (动词还原) 否定式:1.was/ were + not 2.动词前加didn’t (动词还原) 该句型分布在第8册Unit3&4中。如: 1.What did you do last weekend? I played football. 2. Did you help them clean their r oom? Yes, I did. 3.What did you do yesterday? I went fishing. 4. Did you read book? Yes, I did. 5. Did you clean your room? No, I didn’t. 6.Where did you go on your holiday? I went to Xinjiang. 7. What did you do there? I sang and danced with my new friends. 8. How did you go there?I went by train.

【新目标】七年级下英语时态复习(一般现在时、现在进行时、一般将来时)201301

七年级下册时态复习(一般现在时、现在进行时、一般将来时) 1.完成表格:英语动词根据动作与时间的关系,在句子中有五种基本形式, 现在分词。以下列词为例:

3.写出各种动词形式的构成规则: 1).第三人称单数 2).现在分词 时态练习新课标第一网 一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式和现在分词 go ______ ______ enjoy ____ ________ teach ________ ________ eat______ _______ draw ______ ________ study _____ ________ take______ _______ dance____ ________ write ______ ________ run______ _______ swim_______ ________ get _______ ________ open______ _______ cut______ _______ see______ _______ 二.单项选择 ()1. Wei Hua ______ visit the Great Wall during this summer holiday? A.Do, going to B. Is, going to C. Will, going to ()2. ---Where are you going ? ---I ___ the shops for some fruit. A. am going to B. go to C. shall going to go to ()3. Mr Green usually ______ newspapers after supper every day. A. read B. reading C. reads D. looks ()4. Look! LiPing and Li Ying ________ basketball now. A. play B. played C. will play D. are playing ()5. I ______ music at 6:00 every morning. A. listen to B. listening to C. am listening to D. hear ()6. What ______ you ______ with your classmates this Sunday afternoon? A. are, do B.do, do C. will do ()7. ______ she ______ home at six o’clock every mornig? A. Do, comes B. Does. come C. Do, come D. Is, come ()8. There ______ an English party in our class this evening. A. will have B. are going to have C. is going to be ()9. My father ______ TV with my mother now. A. watch B. watching C. is watching D. watches ()10. ______ you usually ______ to school with your classmates? A. Do, comes B. does, come C. Do, come D. Are, come ()11 It’s six o’clock in the evening, My family______ supper at the table. A. eat B. is eating C. are eating D. eating ()12. My mother __ like watching TV, so she ____to bed very early every

英语中的时态共有十六种

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