大学英语六级阅读理解及答案

Reading Comprehension for CET 6

Passage 1

In the 1962 movie Lawrence of Arabia,one scene shows an American newspaper reporter eagerly snapping photos of men looting a sabotaged train.One of the looters,Chief Auda abu Tayi of the Howeitat clan,suddenly notices the camera and snatches it.Am I in this?he asks,before smashing it open.To the dismayed reporter,Lawrence explains,He thinks these things will steal his virtue.He thinks you're a kind of thief.

As soon as colonizers and explorers began taking cameras into distant lands,stories began circulating about how indigenous peoples saw them as tools for black magic.The ignorant natives may have had a point.When photography first became available,scientists welcomed it as a more objective way of recording faraway societies than early travelers' exaggerated accounts.But in some ways,anthropological photographs reveal more about the culture that holds the camera than the one that stares back.Up into the 1950s and 1960s,many ethnographers sought pure pictures of primitive cultures,routinely deleting modern accoutrements such as clocks and Western

dress.They paid men and women to re-enact rituals or to pose as members of war or hunting parties,often with little regard for veracity.Edward Curtis,the legendary photographer of North American Indians,for example,got one Makah man to pose as a whaler with a spear in 1915--even though the Makah had not hunted whales in a generation.

These photographs reinforced widely accepted stereotypes that indigenous cultures were isolated,primitive,and unchanging.For instance,National Geographic magazine's photographs have taught millions of Americans about other cultures.As Catherine Lutz and Jane Collins point out in their 1993 book Reading National Geographic,the magazine since its founding in 1888 has kept a tradition of presenting beautiful photos that don't challenge white,middle-class American conventions.While dark-skinned women can be shown without tops,for example,white women's breasts are taboo.Photos that could unsettle or disturb,such as areas of the world torn asunder by war or famine,are discarded in favor of those that reassure,to conform with the society's stated pledge to present only kindly visions of foreign societies.The result,Lutz and Collins say,is the depiction of an idealized and exotic world relatively free of pain or class conflict.

Lutz actually likes National Geographic a lot.She read the magazine as a child,and its lush imagery influenced her eventual choice of anthropology as a career.She just thinks that as people look at the photographs of other cultures,they should be alert to the choice of composition and images.

1.The main idea of the passage is______________.

[A]Photographs taken by Western explorers reflect more Westerners’ perception of the indigenous cultures and the Western values.

[B]There is a complicated relationship between the Western explorers and the primitive peoples.

[C]Popular magazines such as National Geographic should show pictures of the exotic and idealized worlds to maintain high sales.

[D]Anthropologists ask the natives to pose for their pictures,compromising the truthfulness of their pictures.

2.We can infer from the passage that early travelers to the native lands often_________.

[A]took pictures with the natives

[B]gave exaggerated accounts of the native lands

[C]ask for pictures from the natives

[D]gave the natives clocks and Western dresses

3.The author mentions the movie Lawrence of Arabia to___________.

[A]show how people in the indigenous societies are portrayed by Westerners.

[B]illustrate how people from primitive societies see cameras as tools of black magic that steal their virtues.

[C]show how anthropologists portray untruthful pictures of native people.

[D]show the cruel and barbarian side of the native people.

4.?But in some ways,anthropological photographs reveal more about the culture that holds the camera than the one that stares back.?In this sentence,the?one[culture]that stares back?refers to_______.

[A]the indigenous culture

[B]the Western culture

[C]the academic culture

[D]the news business culture

5.With which of the following statements would Catherine Lutz most probably agree?

[A]Reporters from the Western societies should routinely delete modern elements in pictures taken of the indigenous societies.

[B]The primitive cultures are inferior to the more advanced Western culture.

[C]The western media are not presenting a realistic picture of the faraway societies.

[D]People in the Western news business should try not to challenge the well-established white middle-class values.

答案: A B B A C

Passage 2

The British Medical Journal recently featured a strong response to what was judged an inappropriately lenient reaction by a medical school to a student cheating in an

examination.Although we have insufficient reliable data about the extent of this phenomenon,its prevention,or its effective management,much can be concluded and acted upon on the basis of common sense and concepts with face validity.

There is general agreement that there should be zero tolerance of cheating in a profession based on trust and one on which human lives depend.It is reasonable to assume that cheaters in medical school will be more likely than others to continue to act dishonestly with

patients,colleagues,insurers,and government.

The behaviours under question are multifactorial in origin.There are familial,religious,and cultural values that are acquired long before medical school.For example,countries,cultures,and subcultures exist where bribes and dishonest behaviour are almost a norm.There are secondary schools in which neither staff nor students tolerate cheating and others where cheating is rampant;there are homes which imbue young people with high standards of ethical behaviour and others which leave ethical training to the harmful influence of television and the market place.

Medical schools reflect society and cannot be expected to remedy all the ills of a society.The selection process of medical students might be expected to favour candidates with integrity and positive ethical behaviour—if one had a reliable method for detecting such characteristics in advance.Medical schools should be the major focus of attention for imbuing future doctors with

integrity and ethical sensitivity.Unfortunately there are troubling,if inconclusive,data that suggest that during medical school the ethical behaviour of medical students does not necessarily improve;indeed,moral development may actually stop or even regress.

The creation of a pervasive institutional culture of integrity is essential.It is critical that the academic and clinical leaders of the institution set a personal example of integrity.Medical schools must make their institutional position and their expectations of students absolutely clear from day one.The development of a school's culture of integrity requires a partnership with the students in which they play an active role in its creation and nurturing.Moreover,the school's examination system and general treatment of students must be perceived as fair.Finally,the treatment of infractions must be firm,fair,transparent,and consistent.

6.What does the author say about cheating in medical schools?

[A]Extensive research has been done about this phenomenon.

[B]We have sufficient data to prove that prevention is feasible.

[C]We are safe to conclude that this phenomenon exists on a grand scale.

[D]Reliable data about the extent,prevention and management of the phenomenon is lacking.

7.According to the author,it is important to prevent cheating in medical schools

because____________.

[A]The medical profession is based on trust.

[B]There is zero tolerance of cheating in medicine.

[C]The medical profession depends on the government.

[D]Cheating exists extensively in medical schools.

8.What does the author say about the cause(s)of cheating?

[A]Family,culture and society play an active part.

[B]Bad school environment is the leading cause of student cheating.

[C]Parents are always to blame for their children’s cheating behaviour.

[D]Cheating exists primarily because students learn bad things from TV.

9.According to the author,what precautions should medical schools take to prevent students from cheating?

[A]Medical schools should establish a firm moral standard to weed out applicants with low integrity.

[B]Medical schools should make efforts to remedy the ills of a society.

[C]Medical schools should teach future doctors integrity and ethical values.

[D]There is nothing medical schools can do to improve the ethical behaviour of their students.

10.The author will probably agree with which of the following statements?

[A]Medical schools should make exams easier for the students to alleviate the fierce competition.

[B]Prominent figures in the medical institution should create a set of moral standards to be applied in medical schools.

[C]Medical students should play an active role in the creation and preservation of a culture of integrity.

[D]Those students who cheat in the exams should be instantly expelled from school.

答案: D A A C C

A big focus of the criticism of computer games has concerned the content of the games being played.When the narratives of the games are analyzed they can be seen to fall into some genres. The two genres most popular with the children I interviewed were‘Platformers’ and

‘Beat-them-ups.’ Platform games such as Sonic and Super Mario involve leaping from platform to platform,avoiding obstacles,moving on through the levels,and progressing through the different stages of the game.Beat-them-ups are the games which have caused concern over their violent content.These games involve fights between animated characters.In many ways this violence can be compared to violence within children’ s cartoons where a character is hit over the head or falls of a cliff but walks away unscathed.

Controversy has occurred in part because of the intensity of the game play,which is said to spill over into children’ s everyday lives.There are worries that children are becoming more violent and aggressive after prolonged exposure to these games.Playing computer games involves feelings of intense frustration and anger which often expresses itself in aggressive‘yells’ at the screen.It is not only the‘Beat-them-up’ games which produce this aggression;platform games are just as frustrating when the characters lose all their‘lives’ and‘die’ just before the end of the level is https://www.sodocs.net/doc/1911558364.html,puter gaming relies upon intense concentration on the moving images on the screen and demands great hand-to-eye coordination.When the player loses and the words‘Game over’ appear on the screen,there is annoyance and frustration at being beaten by the computer and at having made an error.This anger and aggression could perhaps be compared to the aggression felt when playing football and you take your eye off the ball and enable the opposition to score.The annoyance experienced when defeated at a computer game is what makes gaming

‘addictive’:the player is determined not to make the same mistake again and to have‘one last go’ in the hope of doing better next time.

Some of the concern over the violence of computer games has been about children who are unable to tell the difference between fiction and reality and who act out the violent moves of the games in fight on the playground.The problem with video games is that they involve children more than television or films and this means there are more implications for their social behavior.Playing these games can lead to anti-social behavior,make children aggressive and affect their emotional stability.

11.What is the topic of this article?

[A]How does playing computer games affect the level of violence in children

[B]There is no difference between Platform games and‘Beat-Them-Ups’.

[C]How to control anger while playing computer games

[D]How to make children spend less time on computer games

12.Which of the following games is supposed to contain violent content?

[A]Sonic

[B]Super Mario

[C]Platformer

[D]Beat-Them-Up

13.What does unscathed(Paragraph 1,Last line)probably mean?

[A]unsettled

[B]unbeaten

[D]unhappy

14.According to the second paragraph,how does violence relate to playing computer games?

[A]When losing computer games children tend to experience frustration and anger.

[B]Beat-Them-Ups are more popular with children therefore more likely to produce violent behavior.

[C]People who have good hand-eye-coordination tend to be more violent than others.

[D]The violent content in the games gets children addicted to the games.

15.According to the author,why do video games lead to violence more than TV or movies?

[A]Because children cannot tell fiction from reality.

[B]Because children like to act out the scenes in the games on the playground.

[C]Because computer games involve children more than TV or films.

[D]Because computer games can produce more anti-social behavior.

答案: A D C A C

Passage 4

In Brazil,the debate over genetically modified organisms,or GMOs, affects mostly soybean production.Brazil is the world's second largest producer of soybeans behind the United States and ahead of Argentina.Most European and Asian retailers want to remain GM free.

Non-governmental organizations(NGOs) in Brazil are going on a media offensive to prevent the legalization of genetically modified crops.Environmentalists and consumer groups for years have been able to thwart government and companies' attempts to legalize altered food.In radio dramas that are being broadcast in remote regions,Brazilian NGOs are telling soy farmers the use of genetically modified seeds could endanger their health,their fields and their business.We are not saying that genetic engineering is,in principle,something bad;we say that we need more science to be sure that it will work in an appropriate way with no harm in the future,said campaign coordinator Jean-Marc von der Weid.This is both for health and environmental reasons.The other question is on economics.What we think is that in Brazil,if we approve the GMOs,we will lose a spectacular advantage that we have now.We are selling more to the international market,mostly for Europe and Asia,than we have done in our history,because we are not GMO contaminated.

Another opposition group,Action Aid,has been organizing grass-roots support in Brazilian farming regions to rouse consumer sentiment against legalization.Action Aid public policy director Adriano Campolina says he is fighting for farmers to remain independent.When the small-scale farmer or a big farmer starts using this kind of seed,this farmer will be completely dependent on the transnationals,which control intellectual property rights over these seeds,he said.

Brazilian scientist Crodowaldo Pavan said there should be checks on what multinationals can do,but that doesn't mean GM seeds should be banned.He says fears over their usage are unfounded.Despite the official ban, Dr. Pavan says up to one third of Brazil's soy crop is genetically modified,because GM seed is being smuggled from Argentina.Brazil's government has invested heavily in a GM project by the U.S. biotech company,Monsanto,but the project was put on ice following a successful court challenge by consumers.

The anti-GMO groups are hoping the politicians’ preoccupation with the October presidential election will give them time to gather enough support to defeat any future attempts to legalize genetically altered crops.

41.According to the passage,the issue in dispute in Brazil is___________.

[A]contamination of the environment by genetically modified crops.

[B]Brazil’s standing in the international market

[C]the October presidential election

[D]the legalization of genetically modified organisms

42.According to the passage,Brazil is the world’s_____________soybean producer.

[A]largest

[B]second largest

[C]third largest

[D]fourth largest

43.Which of the following statements is NOT true about NGOs in Brazil?

[A]They believe genetically modified crops will harm the farmers’ health.

[B]They believe genetic engineering is altogether a bad practice.

[C]They believe scientific methods should be introduced to ensure GM brings no harm.

[D]They believe GMOs will harm Brazil economically.

44.Which of the following statements is true about the organization called Action Aid?

[A]They encourage the farmers to produce genetically modified products.

[B]They encourage the farmers to depend on themselves for seeds.

[C]They strongly support the legalization of genetically modified products.

[D]They encourage the farmers to upgrade their farms to bigger ones.

45.What does the Brazilian scientist Crodowaldo Pavan say about genetically modified products?

[A]Genetically modified seeds should be banned.

[B]Brazil government should crack down on the smuggling of genetically modified seeds.

[C]The fear over the use of genetically modified seeds is uncalled for.

[D]Consumers should file more law suits to protect their rights.

答案: D B B B C

Passage 5

The Guidford Four,freed last week after spending 15 years in prison for crimes they did not commit,would almost certainly have been executed for the pub bombing they were convicted of.They had the death penalty been in force at the time of their trial.They may now be a decent interval before the pro-hanging lobby,which has the support of the Prime Minister,makes another attempt to reintroduce the noose.

Reflections along these lines were about the only kind of consolation to be derived from this gross miscarriage of justice which is now to be the subject of a judicial(司法的)inquiry.In the meantime,defense lawyers are demanding compensation and have in mind about half a million pounds for each of their clients.

The first three to be released-Mr.Gerald Conlon, Mr.Paddy Armstrong and Ms.Carole Richardson-left prison with the 34 pounds which is given to all departing inmates.The

fourth,Mr.Paul Hill,was not released immediately but taken to Belfast,where he lodged an appeal against his conviction for the murder of a former British soldier.Since this conviction,too,was based on the now discredited statements allegedly made to the Survey police,he was immediately let out on bail(保释).But he left empty-handed.

The immediate reaction to the scandal was renewed demand for the re-examination of the case against the Birmingham Six, who are serving life sentences for pub bombings in that city. Thus far the Home secretary, Mr. Douglas Hurd, is insisting that the two cases are not comparable; that what is now known about the Guilford investigation has no relevance to what happened in Birmingham.

Mr. Hurd is right to the extent that there was a small-though flimsy and

hotly-contested-amount of crime evidence in the Birmingham case.The disturbing similarity is that the Birmingham Six,like the Guilford Four,claim that police officers lied and fabricated evidence to secure a conviction.

Making scapegoats(替罪羊)of a few rogue police officers will not be sufficient to eliminate the Guilford miscarriage of justice.These are already demands that the law should be changed;first to make it impossible to convict on“confessions”alone;and secondly to requi re that statements from accused persons should only be taken in the presence of an independent third patty to ensure they are not made under punishment.

It was also being noted this week that the Guilford Four owe their release more to be persistence of investigative reporters than to the diligence of either the judiciary or the police.Yet investigative reports-particularly on television-have recently been a particular target for the condemnation of Mrs.Thatcher and some of her ministers who seem to think that TV should be muzzled(钳制言论的手段) in the public interest and left to get on with soap operas and quiz shows.

1.The word“noose”(Line 7,Para.1)has the closest meaning to________.

[A].death penalty

[B].hanging

[C].trial

[D].punishment

2.To compensate the miscarriage of justice,the defense lawyers may_________.

[A].demand 500,000 pounds for the Guilford Four.

[B].demand 500,000 pounds for each of the Guilford Four.

[C].demand 1,000,000 pounds for each of the Guilford Four.

[D].demand a re-examination of the Birmingham pub bombings.

3.Why was there a renewed demand for the re-examination of the case against the Birmingham Six?

[A].The Birmingham Six were believed to have criminal connections with the Guilford Four.

[B].The two cases were similar in that both were about pub bombings.

[C].The bombings in Birmingham happened at the same time.

[D].The Birmingham Six also claimed that there were police malpractice’s in their case.

4.The existing law states that________.

[A].convictions can be made on confessions and statements taken by police officers from accused persons are valid legal evidence.

[B].convictions can’t be made on confessions alone and there should be a third party when taking statements from accused persons.

[C].convictions can be made on confessions and a third party should be present when taking statements from accused persons.

[D].convictions can’t be made on confessions alone and the statements taken by police officers

from accused persons are valid legal evidence.

5.According to the article,which of the following parties contributed most to the release of the Guilford Four?

[A].Reporters

[B].Lawyers

[C].The police

[D].The judiciary

答案: B B D A A

Passage 6

The"standard of living"of any country means the average person's share of the goods and services which the country produces.A country's standard of living,therefore,depends first and foremost on its capacity to produce wealth."Wealth"in this sense is not money,for we do not live on money but on things that money can buy:"goods"such as food and clothing,and"services"such as transport and entertainment.

A country's capacity to produce wealth depends upon many factors,most of which have an effect on one another.Wealth depends to a great extent upon a country's natural resources,such as coal,gold,and other minerals,water supply and so on.Some regions of the world are well supplied with coal and minerals,and have a fertile soil and a favorable climate;other regions possess perhaps only one of these things,and some regions possess none of them.The U.S.A is one of the wealthiest regions of the world because she has vast natural resources within her borders,her soil is fertile,and her climate is varied.The Sahara Desert,on the other hand,is one of the least wealthy.

Next to natural resources comes the ability to turn them to use.China is perhaps as well off as the U.S.A.in natural resources,but suffered for many years from civil and external wars,and for this and other reasons was.unable to develop her resources.Sound and stable political conditions,and freedom from foreign invasion,enable a country to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily,and to produce more wealth than another country equally well served by nature but less well ordered.Another important factor is the technical efficiency of a country's people.Old countries that have,through many centuries,trained up numerous skilled craftsmen and technicians are better placed to produce wealth than countries whose workers are largely unskilled.Wealth also produces wealth.As a country becomes wealthier,its people have a large margin for saving,and can put their savings into factories and machines which will help workers to turn out more goods in their working day.

1.A country's wealth depends upon______.,

[A].its standard of living

[B].its money

[C].its ability to provide goods and services

[D].its ability to provide transport and entertainment

2.The word"foremost"means______.

[A].most importantly

[B].firstly

[C].largely

[D].for the most part

3.The main idea of the second paragraph is that______.

[A].a country's wealth depends on many factors

[B]].the U.S.A.is one of the wealthiest countries in the world

[C].the Sahara Desert is a very poor region

[D].natural resources are an important factor in the wealth or poverty of a country

4.The third paragraph mentions some of the advantages which one country may have over another in making use of its resources.How many such advantages are mentioned in this paragraph?

[A].2

[B].3

[C].4

[D].5

5.The second sentence.in Paragraph 3 is______.

[A].the main idea of the paragraph

[B].an example supporting the main idea of the paragraph

[C].the conclusion of the paragraph

[D].not related to the paragraph

答案:C A A B B

Passage 7

The productivity of Americans employed in private businesses has declined.The productivity of workers in countries such as Japan and Germany is increasing.American machine tools,on average,are old,relatively inefficient,and rapidly becoming obsolete,whereas those of our competitors overseas,in comparison,are newer and more efficient.We are no longer the most productive workers in the world.We are no longer the leaders in industrial innovation(革新).We are an immensely

wealthy nation of educated men and women who seem to have lost sight of the fact that everything—from the simplest necessities to the finest luxuries—must be produced through our own collective hard work.We have come to expect automatic increases in our collective standard of living,but we seem to have forgotten that these increases are possible only when our productivity continues to grow.

One thing that must change is the rate at which we substitute capital equipment for human labor.Simply put,our labor force has increased at a far greater rate than has our stock of capital investment.We seem to have forgotten that our past productivity gains,to a large extent,were realized from substitutions of capital for human labor.Today,3 times as many robots are listed as capital assets by Japanese firms as by United States firms.

There is no doubt that robots will become a common sight in American factories.Representing a new generation of technology,robots will replace factory labor much as the farm tractor replaced the horse.Robot technology has much to offer.It offers higher levels of productivity and quality at lower costs;in promises to free men and women from the dull,repetitious toil of the factory,it is likely to have an impact on society comparable to that made by the growth of computer technology.

1.The word"obsolete"(Para.1)most probably means_______.

[A].weak

[B].old

[C].new

[D].out of date

2.The author is anxious about_______.

[A].his people no longer taking the lead in industrial innovation

[B].his country no longer being a wealthy nation

[C].his people forgetting to raise their productivity

[D].his country falling behind other industrial nations

3.According to the author,in his country_______..

[A].the proportion of labor force to capital investment is quite low

[B].the growth rate of labor force should be greater than that of capital investment

[C].the productivity increases should be achieved by the increases of labor force

[D].capital investment should have increased more rapidly than labor force

4.So far as the influence on society is concerned,_______.

[A].robot technology seems to be much more promising than computer technology

[B].computer technology has less to offer than robot technology

[C].robot technology can be compared with computer technology

[D].robot technology cannot be compared with computer technology

5.The purpose of the author in writing this passage is to show that_______.

[A].robots will help increase labor productivity

[B].robots will rule American factories

[C].robots are cheaper than human laborers

[D].robots will finally replace humans in factories

答案: D C D C A

Passage 8

Pronouncing a language is a skill.Every normal person is expert in the skill of pronouncing his own language;but few people are even moderately proficient at pronouncing foreign languages.Now there are many reasons for this,some obvious,some perhaps not so obvious.But I suggest that the fundamental reason why people in general do not speak foreign languages very much better than they do is that they fail to grasp the true nature of the problem of learning to pronounce,and consequently never set about tackling it in the right way.Far too many people fail to realize that pronouncing a foreign language is a skill—one that needs careful training of a special kind,and one that cannot be acquired by just leaving it to take care of itself.I think even teachers of language,while recognizing the importance of a good accent,tend to neglect,in their practical teaching,the branch of study concerned with speaking the language.So the first point I want to make is that English pronunciation must be taught;the teacher should be prepared to devote some of the lesson time to this,and should get the student to feel that here is a matter worthy of receiving his close attention.So,there should be occasions when other aspects of English,such as grammar or spelling,are allowed for the moment to take second place.

Apart from this question of the time given to pronunciation,there are two other requirements for the teacher:the first,knowledge;the second,technique.

It is important that the teacher should be in possession of the necessary information.This can generally be obtained from books.It is possible to get from books some idea of the mechanics of speech,and of what we call general phonetic theory.It is also possible in this way to get a clear mental picture of the relationship between the sounds of different languages,between the speech

habits of English people and those,say,of your students.Unless the teacher has such a picture,any comments he may make on his students' pronunciation are unlikely to be of much use,and lesson time spent on pronunciation may well be time wasted.

26.What does the writer actually say about pronouncing foreign languages?

[A].Only a few people are really proficient.

[B].No one is really an expert in the skill.

[C].There aren't many people who are even fairly good.

[D].There are even some people who are moderately proficient.

27.The writer argues that going about the problem of pronunciation in the wrong way is

[A].an obvious cause of not grasping the problem correctly

[B].a fundamental consequence of not speaking well

[C].a consequence of not grasping the problem correctly

[D].not an obvious cause of speaking poorly

28.The best way of learning to speak a foreign language,he suggests,is by_______.

[A].picking it up naturally as a child

[B].learning from a native speaker

[C].not concentrating on pronunciation as such

[D].undertaking systematic work

29.The value the student puts on correct speech habits depends upon_______.

[A].how closely he attends to the matter

[B].whether it is English that is being taught

[C].his teacher's approach to pronunciation

[D].the importance normally given to grammar and spelling

30.How might the teacher find himself wasting lesson time?

[A].By spending lesson time on pronunciation.

[B].By making ill-informed comments upon pronunciation.

[C].By not using books on phonetics in the classroom.

[D].By not giving students a clear mental picture of the difference between sounds.

答案: C C D C B

Passage 9

An industrial society,especially one as centralized and concentrated as that of Britain,is heavily dependant on certain essential services:for instance,electricity supply,water,rail and road transport,the harbors.The area of dependency has widened to include removing rubbish,hospital and ambulance services,and,as the economy develops,central computer and information services as well.If any of these services ceases to operate,the whole economic system is in danger.

It is this interdependency of the economic system that makes the power of trade unions such an important issue.Single trade unions have the ability to cut off many economic blood supplies.This can happen more easily in Britain than in some other countries,in part because the labor force is highly organized.About 55 per cent of British workers belong to unions,compared to under a quarter in the United States.For historical reasons,Britain's unions have tended to develop along trade and occupational lines,rather than on an industry-by-industry basis,which makes wage policy,democracy in industry and the improvement of procedures for fixing wage levels difficult to achieve.

There are considerable strains and tensions in the trade union movement,some of them arising from their outdated and inefficient structure.Some unions have lost many members because of industrial changes.Others are involved in arguments about who should represent workers in new trades.Unions for skilled trades are separate from general unions,which means that different levels of wages for certain jobs are often a source of bad feeling between unions.In traditional trades which are being pushed out of existence by advancing technologies,unions can fight for their members' disappearing jobs to the point where the jobs of other union's members are threatened or destroyed.The printing of newspapers both in the United States and in Britain has frequently been halted by the efforts of printers to hold on to their traditional highly-paid jobs.

1.Why is the question of trade union power important in Britain?

[A].The economy is very much interdependent.

[B].Unions have been established a long time.

[C].There are more unions in Britain than elsewhere.

[D].There are many essential services.

2.Because of their out-of-date organization some unions find it difficult to______.

[A].change as industries change

[B].get new members to join them

[C].learn new technologies

[D].bargain for high enough wages

3.Disagreements arise between unions because some of them

[A].try to win over members of other unions

[B].ignore agreements

[C].protect their own members at the expense of others

[D].take over other union's jobs

4.It is difficult to improve the procedures for fixing wage levels because______.

[A].some industries have no unions

[B].unions are not organized according to industries

[C].only 55 per cent of workers belong to unions

[D].some unions are too powerful

5.Which of the following is NOT TRUE?

[A].There are strains and tensions in the trade union movement.

[B].Some unions have lost many members.

[C].Some unions exist in the outdated structure.

[D].A higher percentage of American workers belong to unions than that of British workers.

答案: A A C B D

Passage 10

It's a hot summer day,and you,your family,and friends decide to drive to the beach for a cookout.

When you get to the beach,the sand and the rocks are so hot that they hurt your bare feet.You put on sneakers in a hurry.The water is so bright and shining in the sun that you can hardly look at it.While the charcoal(木炭)fire is starting to burn in the cookout stove,every one goes for a swim.The water feels good—warm at the top,but cooler down around your toes.

A little wind is blowing when you come out.The fire isn't quite ready for cooking yet,so you

play tag(儿童捉人游戏)or read.

For lunch there are hot dog,corn,salad and rolls,sodas,fruit,and coffee for the adults.By the time the coffee water boils and the corn and hot dogs are cooked,all the bathing suits are dry.So are the towels spread out on the rocks,in the sun.

Lunch is good.Just as you are finishing,it starts to rain so you pack up and run.But nobody minds the rain.It will cool things off.

At the same time you were having fun at the beach,work was being done.Energy from the sun was doing work.Energy,in one form or another,does all the work in the world.

Heat energy from the sun dried the towels.It heated the sand and the rocks,the water and the air.It even made the rain and the wind.Heat from the sun does small work and big work,all over the earth.

Light energy from the sun was working on the beach too.It supplied the daylight.

It lit the earth and made the sand bright and the water sparkling.

The sun also supplied the energy that grew the food you ate.

Plants use light energy from the sun to make food for themselves.The food is a kind of sugar.It is also a kind of energy called chemical energy.Green plants change light energy from the sun into chemical energy.

Plants use some of that energy for everyday living and growing.They store the rest in their leaves and seeds,in fruit,roots,stems,and berries.

The salad and the corn,the rolls,fruit,and coffee all came from plants.You and all animals depend on plants for food.

The charcoal you used for cooking began as a plant too.Once,that charcoal was a living tree that used sunlight to make food and then stored part of the food it made.The energy in this stored food remained,even after the tree died.You used that energy when you burned the charcoal.

The gasoline you used for driving to the beach began with energy from the sun,too.It was made from oil.

Oil was formed from the remains of plants and animals that lived on earth millions of years ago.The remains of ancient living things are called fossils.This is why oil is called a fossil fuel.Coal and natural gas are fossil fuels,too.

Now fossil fuels are beginning to be used up.

That's why people worry about running out of energy.

But as long as the sun shines,the earth will not run out of energy.The sun pours more energy on earth than we can ever use.Most of that energy comes to us as heat and light.Energy from the sun is called solar energy.

Solar energy is a safe kind of energy.It doesn't make pollution or have dangerous leftovers.That is why scientists and inventors are experimenting with ways of harnessing the sun to do some of the jobs fossil fuels have been doing.

But to make the sun do work like that,they have to solve some problems.

They have to collect the sun's energy.Collecting sunshine isn't easy,unless you are a plant.

Sunshine isn't easy to store,either.You can't fill a tank with it or put it in the wood box.You can't move it through a pipe or a wire.You can't turn it on.

Still,people have been using solar energy to help do their work for a long time.There are old ways and new ways of catching sunshine and putting it to work.

Suppose you were living in a cold place and going to spend the winter in a cave.Would you

choose a cave that faced the winter sun or a cave that faced away from it?

You might make the same choice if you were building a house in a cold place.You would probably build the house,so the winter sun would pour in the windows to warm it.People have been building houses that way for a long time.

Is it possible to catch still more of the sun's heat in a house?Yes,Some houses also collect heat on the roof,move it indoors,store some,use some to make hot water and the rest for heating.A house like that is called a solar house.

People who build solar houses have learned how to do those things by observing how the earth itself uses solar energy.

Remember the beach?

Remember the hot sand and the hot rocks?

Some materials take in heat energy from the sun and hold it.They absorb the heat.Sand and rocks do this.So do some other solid materials,such as metals.Water absorbs the sun's heat too.

Color can also be important.Dark,dull colors absorb heat.Light-colored,shiny surfaces reflect heat.They bounce it back.That's why dark clothes are warmer in the winter and light colored clothes are cooler in the summer.

The longer it takes something to heat up,the longer that thing holds the heat.Materials that heat up fast cool off fast.

If you go back to the beach in the evening after sunset,the sand and the rocks,which heated up fast,will be cool.But the water,which heated up slowly,will still be warm.

It takes a long time for the sun to heat the water in a big lake or ocean.But by the end of summer,a large body of water will have caught and stored enough heat from the sun to last for a good part of the winter.Water stores heat very well.

That's why land near a large body of water never gets quite as cold in the winter as land far away from the water.The stored heat in the water keeps the land around it warm.

Slowly,all winter long,heat from the water moves out into the cold air.Heat always moves that way—from a warmer place or thing to a cooler one.Once you know which way heat moves,you understand how things get hot and how they lose heat.

1.All the work in the world is done by energy coming from the sun in one form or another.

2.As we humans depend on plants for food,plants live on chemical energy converted from light energy.

3.Unless the sun dies,it will supply endless energy on earth.

4.It has been a long time since people began to use solar energy because sunshine can be stored in houses.

5.The advantage of the solar house is that it has hot water and heating.

6.A solar house doesn't have to use electricity when it makes a good use of solar energy.

7.The passage gives a brief account of how solar energy is employed.

8.We can understand how things get hot or lose heat as long as we know______.

9.Most of the energy the sun supplies to us is in the forms of______.

10.People like to use fossil fuels to get almost all kinds of energy because they are______.

答案: 1-7. Y Y Y N N N N

8. which way heat moves

9. heat and light

10. easy to use

Passage 11

I have never attended a large company's board meeting in my life, but I feel certain that the discussion often takes the following lines. The__1__of producing a new—for example—toothpaste would make 8 Op the decent price for it,so we will market it at ￡l.20. It is not a bad toothpaste (not specially good either,but not bad), and as people like to try new things it will sell well to start with; but the__2__of novelty soon fades,so sales will__3__. When that starts to happen we will reduce the price to ￡l.15.And we will turn it into a bargain by printing 5p OFF all over it, whereupon people will rush to buy it even though it still costs about forty-three percent more than its__4__price.

Sometimes it is not 5p OFF but lp OFF. What a shame to advertise lp OFF your soap or washing powder or dog food or whatever. Even the poorest old-age pensioner ought to regard this as an insult, but he doesn't.A bargain must not be__5__To be offered a "gift" of one penny is like being invited to dinner and offered one single pea (tastily cooked), and nothing else. Even if it represented a__6__reduction it would be an insult. Still, people say, one has to have washing powder (or whatever) and one might as well buy it a penny cheaper. When I was a boy in Hungary a man was__7__of murdering someone for the sake of one pengo, the equivalent of a shilling,and pleaded__8__. The judge shouted__9__:" To kill a man for a shilling! What can you say in your__10__?" The murderer replied:" A shilling here... a shilling there..." And that's what today's shopper says, too:" A penny here... a penny there..."

A.missed

B.defense

C.real

D.cost

E.anxiously

F.attraction

G.fair

H.expense

I. fall J.angrily K.dismissed L.accused M.guilty

N.faulty O.security

答案: D F I G A C L M J

Passage 12

Although credit cards are becoming a more acceptable part of the financial scene,they are still regarded with suspicion by many as being a major part of the"live now pay later"syndrome(^Jttt).Along with hire-purchase,rental and leasing schemes,they provide encouragement to spend more money.Of course,it is only the foolhardy who yield to the temptation to live,temporarily at least,beyond their means,and such people would no doubt manage to do so even without credit cards.

Advertising campaigns have,however,promoted a growing realization of the advantages of these small pieces of plastic.They obviate(避免)need to carry large amounts of cash and are always useful in emergencies.

All the credit card organizations charge interest on a monthly basis which may work out as high as 25 per cent a year,yet judicious purchasing using a card can mean that you obtain up to seven weeks,interest-free https://www.sodocs.net/doc/1911558364.html,ing the card abroad,where items frequently take a long time to be included on your account,can extend this period even further.

It is worthwhile shopping around before deciding on a particular credit card.It is necessary to consider the amount of credit granted;interest rates,which may vary slightly;the number and range of outlets,though most cards cover major garages,hotels,restaurants and department stores;and of course,what happens if your card is lost or stolen.A credit card thief may be sitting on a potential

goldmine particularly if there is a delay in reporting the loss of the card.

However,if used wisely,a credit card can cost nothing,or at least help to tide you over a period of financial difficulty.

26.Which of the following can not make you spend more money?

[A].Credit cards.

[B].Hire-purchase.

[C].Rental and leasing schemes.

[D].None of the above is right.

27.The foolhardy are people who_______.

[A].spend more money than they have

[B].spend less money than other people

[C].save money

[D].make money

28.The disadvantage of credit cards is_______.

[A].to enable you to buy things without carrying large amount of cash

[B].to encourage people to spend more money

[C].to be always useful in emergencies

[D].to help people tide over a period of financial difficulty

29.According to the passage,credit cards are made of_______.

[A].paper

[B].gold

[C].plastic

[D].tin

30.Deciding on a particular credit,you do not have to consider______.

[A].the amount of credit granted

[B].the number and range of outlets

[C].the possibility of loss of money

[D].the department stores where you are going to use your credit cards

答案: D A B D C

Passage 13

More attention was paid to the quality of production in France at the time of Rene Coty.Charles Deschanel was then the financial minister.He stressed that workmanship and quality were more important than quantity for industrial production.It would be necessary to produce quality goods for the international markets to compete with those produced in other countries.The French economy needed a larger share of international market to balance its import and export trade.

French industrial and agricultural production was still inadequate to meet the immediate needs of the people,let alone long-ranged developments.Essential imports had stretched the national credit to the breaking point.Rents were tightly controlled,but the extreme inflation affected general population most severely through the cost of food.Food costs took as much as 80 percent of the worker's income.Wages,it is true,had risen.Extensive family allowances and benefits were paid by the state,and there was fulltime and overtime employment.Taken together,these factors enabled the working class to exist but allowed them no sense of security.In this

discouraging situation,workmen were willing to work overseas for higher wages.

The government was unwilling to let workers leave the country.It was feared that migration of workers would reduce the labor force.The lack of qualified workers might hinder the improvement in the quality of industrial products produced.Qualified workers employed abroad would only increase the quantity of quality goods produced in foreign countries.Also the quantity of quality goods produced in France would not be able to increase as part of its ualified labor force moved to other countries.

1.The purpose of the passage is to_______.

[A].explain the French government's emphasis on quality products

[B].discuss Charles Deschanel's contribution to the French industrial development

[C].compare the quality of French goods with that of foreign goods

[D].show French workmen's enthusiasm to seek well-paid jobs in foreign countries

2.It can be inferred from the passage that at the time of Rene Coty.

[A].France was still at the first stage of industrial development

[B].French workers were better paid than the workers in any other European countries

[C].the unemployment rate in France was comparatively higher than that in other European countries

[D].French workers were able to live better with the increase in their wages

3.It is implied in the passage that at that time_______.

[A].France had a very large share of international market

[B].the import and export trade in France was making a successful advance

[C]].demand and supply in France was barely balanced

[D].France was experiencing economic depression

4.Which of the following is the best indicator of the extreme inflation in France?

[A].Eighty percent increase in the prices of consumer goods.

[B].High cost of food.

[C].High rents for houses.

[D].Lack of agricultural products.

5.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?

[A].Rents in France were tightly controlled.

[B].France was flooding the international market with inferior products.

[C].French workers were prohibited from going abroad to find jobs.

[D].The migration of French workers would hinder the improvement of quality in industrial production.

答案: A A D B B

Passage 14

Scientists at Sussex University appear to be on the way to___1___how the mosquito,carrier of diseases such as malaria and yellow fever,homes in on its target.The problem is that they have found that the best way to avoid being bitten is:stop breathing,stop sweating,and keep down the temperature of your immediate surroundings.__2__the first suggestion is impossible and the others very difficult.

Scientists have found that there are three___3___stages in a mosquito's assault.Stage one is at fifty feet away,when the insect first smells a man or a animal to___4___.Stage two is thought to

come into operation about twenty-five feet from the target,when the insect becomes guided by the carbon dioxide breathed out by the intended victim.Stage three is when the mosquito is only a matter of inches from its___5___the warmth and moisture given off by the victim is the final clue.

The researchers then*___6___how repellents interfere with its three-stage attack.They found repellents act more subtly than by just giving off a nasty smell.A Canadian researcher says that repellents appear to___7___mosquitoes first when it is following the carbon dioxide and second during the final approach,where the warmth and moisture are the insect's___8___.

Air pervaded by one of the many chemical repellents stops the mosquito reacting to the victim's carbon dioxide,and the repellent seems to affect the tiny hairs with which the insect senses moisture in the air.The sensors are blocked so that the___9___does not know whether it is flying through a moist current,or the sensors are made to send the___10___signals.

A.examined

B.animal

C.wrong

D.insect

E.bite

F.Unfortunately

G.inventing

H.distinct

I.prey J.guide K.checked L.definite

M.Unnecessarily N.confuse O.discovering

答案: O F H E I A N J D C

Passage 15

Sugarless yogurt could help beat bad breath, tooth decay and gum disease, say scientists. Japanese researchers found eating the yogurt 62 levels of hydrogen sulphide(硫化氢)—a major 63 .

of bad breath—in 80%of volunteers.The 64 are active bacteria in yogurt.

Details were 65 at a meeting of the International Association for Dental Research.A(n) 66 of 24 volunteers who participated in the study were given strict instructions 67 oral health,diet and medicine taking.They spent two weeks 68 yogurts and similar foods,like cheese.Researchers then 69 bacteria levels and odor-causing compounds, 70 hydrogen sulphide.The volunteers then ate 90 grams of yogurt a day for six weeks.

At the end of the study,researchers took 71 again.They found hydrogen sulphide levels 72 in 80%of participants.

Dr. Nigel Carter,chief executive of the British Dental Health Foundation,said:" The foundation has long been 73 people's attention to sugar-free yogurts as a healthy snack,so it is pleasing to hear that it may have oral health benefits we were previously 74 of."

"Although this research is still in the early stages there is no 75 that sugar-free yogurts provide a much healthier 76 to sweets and chocolate,and we would encourage snackers to 77 them into their diet."

78 , Dr. Carter stressed that the best way to beat bad breath was by 79 a good oral health routine.This involves brushing twice-a-day with fluoride(氟化物)toothpaste,cutting 80 on the frequency of sugary snacks and drinks and visiting a dentist 81 .

62.[A]increased [B]required [C]averaged [D]reduced

63.[A]reason [B]cause [C]result [D]origin

64.[A]strategies [B]matters [C]keys [D]emergencies

65.[A]presented [B]submitted [C]exposed [D]written

66.[A]whole [B]unit [C]total [D]amount

67.[A]with [B]of [C]to [D]on

68.[A]avoiding [B]prohibiting [C]preventing [D]refusing

69.[A]balanced [B]evaluated [C]measured [D]counted

70.[A]involving [B]including [C]containing [D]concerning

71.[A]modes [B]examples [C]copies [D]samples

72.[A]grew [B]remained [C]decreased [D]risen

73.[A]drawing [B]paying [C]attracting [D]concentrating

74.[A]uncertain [B]unaware [C]certain [D]aware

75.[A]idea [B]hesitation [C]doubt [D]sense

76.[A]selection [B]alternative [C]preference [D]substitute

77.[A]convene [B]affiliate [C]constrain [D]incorporate

78.[A]However [B]Moreover [C]Therefore [D]Otherwise

79.[A]bringing [B]adopting [C]receiving [D]adapting

80.[A]off [B]back [C]out [D]down

81.[A]regularly [B]occasionally [C]rarely [D]normally

答案: D B C A C D A C B D C A B C B D A B D A

解析：62．语义衔接题。本段第一句是本段的主题句，已经说明酸奶有助于防止口臭。解答本题要在63题之后。由63题可知，硫化氢是造成口臭的主要原因。可以判断，酸奶应该是能减少硫化氢的，选[D]reduced?减少，降低?。[A]increased?增加?；[B]required?要求?；

[C]averaged?平均为?。

63．语义衔接题。此处要填的词意思为?原因?，表示硫化氢是造成口臭的主要原因，选[B]cause?原因?，指直接导致事情发生的原因。第二段的odor—causing有提示作用。

[A]reason?理由?强调从逻辑推理上得出的结论性原因，不是直接说明起因。[C]result?结果?；[D]origin?源头?侧重指事物的起源或由来。

64．语义衔接题。前面说酸奶可以降低硫化氢的水平，本句说，酸奶中的活性菌是＿＿。选项[C]keys?关键?可使语义通顺，说明活性菌是酸奶降低硫化氢水平的关键所在。

[A]strategies?策略?；[B]matters?问题?；[D]emergencies?紧急情况，突发事件?。

65．语义衔接题。本段显然是要介绍上段中提到的结论的具体情况，选[A]presented?介绍，展示?。[B]submitted?提交，递交?所提交的内容应该是某种正式的文件或方案；[C]exposed ?揭露，透露?多指揭露丑闻、坏人坏事或各种阴谋，也可指某物暴露在外；[D]written?写?。

66．惯用衔接题。所填词可以使用a(n)～of结构，表示?总共?24名志愿者，适合的是[C]total。

67．惯用衔接题。所填词与instructions?指导?连用，表示指导某个方面的工作，选[D]on。

[B]of后接指导人，不符合这里的语义要求。[A]with不与instruction连用；[C]to后接人，表示被指导人，或接动词不定式，不符合这里的语义要求。

68．语义衔接题。这里说的是实验的第一阶段：两个星期。后文中提到的实验的第二阶段是六个星期一直食用无糖酸奶。最后对两个阶段的测试数据进行了对比。显然前面说的是不食用无糖酸奶的情况，选[A]avoiding?避开，回避?，后接食物时，表示不吃这种东西。

[B]prohibiting?禁止?禁止的是某种行为；[C]preventing?预防，阻止?指采取预防措施或设置障碍去阻止某人或某事；[D]refusing?拒绝?指拒绝别人的某种建议。

69．语义衔接题。研究者应该是?测量?被试口中的细菌水平和产生口臭的化合物，选[C]measured?测量，估量?，用于确定某种事物的多少或水平，符合这里的语义要求。

[A]balanced?平衡?；[B]evaluated?评估，估计?多用于对人物或某种工作的评价；[D]counted ?点…的数目?不与level连用。

70．语义衔接题。由前文可知，硫化氢正是造成口臭的主要因素，所以研究者测量的那

些化合物中一定包括这个东西，所以选[B]including?包括?，强调包括作为整体的一部分，而没有排除在外。[A]involving?使成为必须，牵涉?往往指的是无形的东西；[C]containing ?包含?后面列举包含的全部内容；[D]concerning?关系到，有关于?。

71．语义衔接题。前文讲过第一阶段2星期的实验结束后，研究者测量了被试口腔中的细菌和口臭化合物水平。现在是第二阶段结束后，显然还要采集样品测量一次，选[D]samples ?样品?。[A]modes?方式，风格?；[B]examples?例子?，take examples?举例?；[C]copies ?复制品?。

72．语义衔接题。本文说的是无糖酸奶减轻口臭的功能，所以食用酸奶后口腔中的硫化物的水平应该是下降的，所以选[C]decreased?减少，下降?。[A]grew?增长?；[B]remained ?保持?；[D]risen?上升?。

73．语义衔接题。基金会的工作是把人们的注意力引导到无糖酸奶上，选[A]drawing，drawing people，s attention to sth．。[B]paying的宾语只能是主语自己的注意力，不能是别人的；[C]attracting是要把注意力吸引到自己身上来，用在此处不合适；[D]concentrating与[B]同理排除。

74．语义衔接题。该基金会自己一直在提倡人们使用无糖酸奶，他们为之高兴的事情应该是自己以前不知道无糖酸奶还有其他的作用，而研究证明了这一点，排除[C]certain和[D]aware。根据句中的be～of结构，排除[A]uncertain，选[B]unaware?不明白的，不知道的?。

75．语义衔接题。本句是对无糖酸奶的作用的肯定，选[C]doubt，no doubt?无疑地?。

[A]idea?主意，观点?[B]hesitation?迟疑?指行为的迟疑，在这里不合适；[D]sense，no sense ?没有理由，不必?。

76．语义衔接题。无糖酸奶显然是糖块和巧克力的更健康的替代品，选[B]alternative?替换物，替代品?。[A]selection?选择?；[C]preference?优先选择，爱好?；[D]substitute?替代?指的是某人或某物不在时可以用来代替的人或物，不符合文中说话者对无糖酸奶的倾向性态度。

77．语义衔接题。既然无糖酸奶是更健康的食品，医生应该鼓励节食者把它纳入食谱，选[D]incorporate．incorporate sth．into sth．?把…包含进…?。[A]convene?召集?；[B]affiliate ?使…隶属，接纳?为成员?；[C]constrain?强制，约束?。

78．逻辑衔接题。上面两段都在讲卡特医生对于酸奶能减少口臭的认可。本段说的则是卡特强调?最好的防止口臭的方法还是良好的口腔卫生习惯?。语义上存在转折，所以选[A]However?不过，然而?。

【点睛】[B]Moreover?而且，再者，此外?表示递进关系；[C]Therefore?因此，所以?表示因果关系，强调结果；[D]Otherwise?否则?也表转折，但讲的是如果某种条件或情况不发生时的情况，与此处的语义不符。

79．语义衔接题。此处的意思是?采取?良好的口腔卫生程序，只能选[B]adopting?采纳，采用?。[A]bringing?带来?；[C]receiving?接到?；[D]adapting意为?改造，改善?，良好的程序不需要改造。

80．语义衔接题。既然无糖酸奶对口腔有益，那么吃sugary snacks(含糖零食)的频率(frequency)应该也是要降下来的，选[D]down，cut down?降低，削减，减少?，符合这里的语义要求。[A]off，cut off意思是?停止，切开?；[B]back，cut back?减少?常指减少开支；

[C]out，cut out?切去，放弃，删除?。

81．语义衔接题。医生对防止口臭的建议，显然应该是定期看牙医，选[A]regularly?定期地?。[B]occasionally?偶尔地?；[C]rarely?极少地?．[D]normally?通常地，正常地?不符合这里的语境要求。

2017年6月英语六级阅读真题及答案 第1套 选词填空

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