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TOEFL普林斯顿样题1语法笔记

TOEFL普林斯顿样题1语法笔记
TOEFL普林斯顿样题1语法笔记

TOEFL普林斯顿样题1语法笔记

编委:Maya

1. Simple photographic lenses cannot _____ sharp, undistorted images over a wide

field.

(A) to form

(B) are formed

(C) forming

(D) form

Key: D

分析:考点是情态动词。句子主语为simple photographic lenses,宾语为images,所以空格处应和情态动词cannot构成句子的复合谓语。值得注意的是form是及物动词,其后要加宾语。

参考译文:简易的摄像机镜头不能捕捉住大范围的清晰而不失真的影像。

2. Of all the factors affecting agricultural yields, weather is the one ____ the most.

(A) it influences farmers

(B) that influences farmers

(C) farmers that it influences

(D) why farmers influence it

Key: B

分析:考点是定语从句逗号前是介词短语做状语,逗号后才是这句话的主句。Weather is the one(factor),one代替前面的factor,句子已经完整。则the one后的空格应修饰the one,选B,that引导定语从句。

参考译文:在所有影响农业的因素中,天气是对农民影响最大的因素之一。

3. Beverly Sills, ______ assumed directorship of the New York City Opera in 1979.

(A) be a star soprano

(B) was a star soprano

(C) a star soprano and

(D) a star soprano

Key: D

分析:考点是同位语句子主语是BS,谓语是assumed,宾语是directorship,主语后的空格应该为主语的同位语,起解释说明的作用。

参考译文:著名的女高音Beverly Sills, 曾于1979年在纽约市歌剧院担任指挥。

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4. ______ of tissues is known as histology.

(A) Studying scientific

(B) The scientific study

(C) To study scientifically

(D) That is scientific studying

Key: B

分析:考点是主谓结构(句子基本结构),of前应该用名词或者是名词性短语,The scientific study of tissue整体作为句子的主语。

参考译文:对组织的科学性的研究被称为是组织学。

5. With the exception of mercury, ______ at standard temperature and pressure.

(A) the metallic elements are solid

(B) which is a solid metallic element

(C) metallic elements being solid

(D) since the metallic elements are solid

Key: A

分析:考点是主谓结构(句子基本结构),逗号前部分为介词短语做状语,状语前置,以保持句式的平衡(与2句式类似),其后方为句子的主句。分析主句部分,括号后at……pressure,表示状态,也是这个句子的状语。(原来的语序应为______ at standard temperature and pressure with the exeption of mercury. = except mercury)所以空格中应该包涵主句的主谓宾结构,选A。

参考译文:除了水银以外,金属在标准温度和气压下是固态。

PS:标准状态好像是指温度为25摄氏度,气压为0帕斯卡吧,大概记得是这样的,^_^

6. Potential dehydration is ____ that a land animal faces.

(A) the often greatest hazard

(B) the greatest often hazard

(C) often the greatest hazard

(D) often the hazard greatest

Key: C

分析:考点是语序,that引导一个定语从句,则that前面的空格应为其先行词,应该为名词。注意到A,B,C三个选项最后一个词都为hazard,这道题考点其实是词的顺序,一般是the+most+adj.+n.,而often,always etc. 一类的表示频率的副词跟在谓语的后面。此句的谓语为是动词be,所以选C。

参考译文:脱水是陆地动物通常会面临的潜在的最大危险。

7. By tracking the eye of a hurricane, forecasters can determine the speed at which

____.

(A) is a storm moving

(B) a storm is moving

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(C) is moving a storm

(D) a moving storm

Key: B

分析:考点是定语从句,很明显,which引导一个定语从句。

参考译文:通过追踪飓风的风眼(飓风中心的相对平静的圆形区域),预报人员能够判断暴风雨运动的速度。

8. The grapes of Wrath, a novel about the Depression years of the 1930’s, is one of John

Steinbeck’s _____ books.

(A) most famous

(B) the most famous

(C) are most famous

(D) and most famous

Key: A

分析:考点是形容词最高级省略结构,注意这道题不能选B,因为前面已经有sb’s ,就不能再加the了。

参考译文:一本关于1930年大萧条时期的小说《愤怒的葡萄》,是JS的最著名的小说之一。

9. Technology will play a key role in _____ future life-styles.

(A) to shape

(B) shaping

(C) shape of

(D) shaped

Key: B

分析:考点是固定搭配,考察一个短语,sth/sb play a role in doing sth 在….方面起一个….作用。

参考译文:科技会在未来生活方式的形成过程中起关键作用。

10.The computer has dramatically affected _____ photographic lenses are constructed.

(A) is the way

(B) that the way

(C) which way do

(D) the way

Key: D

分析:考点是宾语成份和定语从句省略结构,affect是及物动词,其后要加宾语。注意the way+ (in which)+ sb/sth do表示作某事的方法。

参考译文:计算机已经极大地影响了摄影镜头构成方式。

11. The early railroads were _____ the existing arteries of transportation: roads, turnpikes,

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canals, and other waterways.

a) those short lines connected

b) short lines that connected

c) connected by short lines

d) short connecting lines

Key: B

分析:考点是宾语成份,主语为railroad,紧接是动词be,空格后为名词性短语。纵观选项,只可选B.(A)可改为those short lines that/which connected;(C)从语法上分析,与空格后的名词性短语脱节,其间没有联系词;(D)与(C)同。

参考译文:早期的公路是一些连接现存的公路,收税路,运河和其他水路的交通动脉的短线。

12. ______ as a masterpiece, a work of art must transcend the ideals of the period in

which it was created.

(A) Ranks

(B) The ranking

(C) To be ranked

(D) For being ranked

Key: C

分析:考点是状语成份,逗号前为句子的状语部分(结构参照2、5)。纵观四选项,主句的主语为a work of art,是物,则只可用被动形式,删去A、B,而D中for只可后接sth./doing sth.,注意后者只可为对象是人时。举例:Thank you for telling me. It’s good for training our mind. 所以只可选C,to be ranked=in order to be ranked,不定式做目的状语。

参考译文:一件艺术品只有超越了它所在的时代的极至,才能成为一件杰作。

13. Jackie Robinson, ______ to play baseball in the major leagues, joined the Brooklyn

Dodgers in 1947.

(A) the Black American who first

(B) the first Black American

(C) was the first Black American

(D) the first and a Black American who

Key: B

分析:考点是同位语,见过这样的句式N次了,空格处做主语的同位语。

参考译文:JB,是第一个在大俱乐部打篮球的美国黑人,于1947年加入了BD。

14. During the flood of 1927, the Red Cross, _____ out of emergency headquarters in

Mississippi, set up temporary shelters for the homeless.

(A) operates

(B) is operating

(C) has operated

(D) operating

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Key: D

分析:考点是谓语单一原则和状语成份,The Red Cross…………set up……..the homeless.已经可以作为一个完整的句子结构,空格部分插入中间,只可能为定语从句,同谓语或是状语。同谓语为一名词后跟另外一名词或是名词性短语,起补充说明的作用。纵观四选项,空格部分为动词短语,所以空格应为为句子的状语部分,选doing,D。

参考译文:在1927年的大洪水中,红十字会在密西西比建立了紧急司令部,为无家可归的人修建了临时住所。

15. In bacteria and in other organisms, ______ is the nucleic acid DNA that provides the

genetic information.

(A) both

(B) which

(C) and

(D) it

Key: D

分析:考点是强调句型,逗号后面是句子的主句,这道题只能选答案D it,作形式主语,这是个强调句。

参考译文:在细菌和其它器官中,是核酸DNA(deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸)提供基因的信息。

16. Twenty to thirty year after a mature forest is cleared away, a nearly impenetrable

A B C

thicket of trees and shrubs develops.

D

Key: A

分析:考点是名词单复数,year是可数名词,前面是thirty这个数量词,所以year要用其复数形式。

改正:year → years

参考译文:在一个成熟的森林被砍伐完后的二三十年里,一片几乎无法穿越的灌木生形成了。

17. The first national park in world, Yellowstone National Park, was established in 1872.

A B C D

Key: B

分析:考点是冠词用法,像world,earth,moon这类专有名词前要加冠词the。

改正:in world → in the world

参考译文:世界上的第一个国家公园,黄石国家公园,于1872年建成。

18. Because it does not have a blood supply, the cornea takes their oxygen directly from

A B C D

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the air.

Key: C

分析:考点是代词用法,整个句子中都没有出现复数名词,而且逗号后分句的主语cornea 的谓语为takes,注意为单数形式,所以物主代词应该与前面的形式相符,用单数形式it its。改正:their→its

参考译文:因为角膜没有给它的血液供应,所以它直接从空气中吸收氧气。

19. Magnificent mountains and coastal scenery is British Columbia’s chief tourist

A B C D

attractions.

Key: C

分析:考点是主谓一致,and连接两个名词,其后谓语要用复数。而且从后面的表语attractions 所用的复数形式也可以判断出谓语应该用复数。

改正:is → are

参考译文:雄伟的山脉和海景是英属哥伦比亚最主要的旅游靓点。

20. Scientists at universities are often more involved in theoretical research than in

A B C

practically research.

D

Key: D

分析:考点是形容词和副词的误用。research是名词,前面只能用形容词修饰它。

改正:practically → practical

参考译文:大学里的教授更多地是参与理论研究而不是实际研究。

21. John Rosamond Johnson he composed numerous songs, including Life Every Voice

A B C

and Sing, for which his brother, James Weldon Johnson, wrote the words.

D

Key: A

分析:考点是主语单一原则,JRJ作主语,再用代词he就纯属多余了。

改正:he composed→ composed

参考译文:JRJ谱了大量的曲,包括他的哥哥JWJ作词的Life Every Voice and Sing,

22. Nylon, a synthetic done from a combination of water, air, and a by-product of coal, was

A B C

first introduced in 1983.

D

Key: A

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分析:考点是词的误用,表示“从哪里获得”用get或者derive比较好。Toefl考试中类似的do动词的误用最常见的是do和make的误用。请见两个例子;

The way of reasoning whereby people do conclusions by logical inference from given premises is called the deductive method. [do→make]

The fundamental problem of a tax system is to do enough money to pay for the expenses of government. [to do→to make]

改正:done→ got/derived

参考译文:尼龙,一种来自水、空气和副产品――煤的混合物,于1983年首先制造。

23.Ornithology, the study of birds, is one of the major scientific fields in which amateurs

A B

play a role in accumulating, researching, and publish data.

C D

Key: D

分析:考点是平行结构,and前后三个动名词并列。

改正:publish → publishing

参考译文:鸟类学,是研究鸟的学问,是一门业余爱好者在搜集、研究和公开数据起一定作用的主要的科学研究领域之一。

24. Animation is a technique for creativity the illusion of life in inanimate things.

A B C D

Key: B

分析:考点是名词和动名词的误用,creativity后面是不能接宾语the illusion的。

改正:creativity→creating

参考译文:动画技术是一种创造使无生命事物看起来有生命的技术。

25.The nonviolent protest advocated by Dr.Martin Luther King proving highly effective in

A B

an age of expanding television news coverage.

C D

Key: B

分析:考点是词的误用,proved作整个句子的谓语。

改正:proving → proved

参考译文:被马丁。路得金所支持的非暴力反抗运动在一个电视新闻覆盖越来越广的年代里证明是非常有效的。

26. On December 7,1787,Delaware became a first state to ratify the Constitution.

A B C D

Key: C

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分析:考点是冠词用法,序数词前面要加定冠词the。

改正:a → the

参考译文:在1787年12月7号,特拉华州成为第一个批准宪法的州。

27. Nutritionists believe what diet affects how one feels physically and emotionally.

A B C D

Key: B

分析:考点是宾语从句,diet affects…是一句完整的话,则what应改为that,由that引导宾语从句。

改正:what → that

参考译文:营养学家认为是食物影响人的生理和心理感受。

28. Mealii Kalama, creator of over 400 Hawaiian quilts was granted a National Heritage

A B

Fellowship in 1985 for herself contributions to folk and art.

C D

Key: C

分析:考点是词的误用,人称代词和物主代词的误用。

改正:herself → her

参考译文:MK,是一个400多首夏威夷。。的创作者,在1985年因为她对民歌和艺术的贡献而获得了国家遗产奖。

29. A jetty serves to define and deepen a channel, improve navigate, or protect a harbor.

A B C D Key: C

分析:考点是词的误用,improve作及物动词的话,其后要接宾语;improve也可以作不及物动词,如The price of cotton improves.棉花涨价。

改正:navigate → navigation

参考译文:防波堤是用来完善和加深河道,提高水上交通的能力或者是保护一个港口。

30. Minoru Yamasaki is an American architect which works departed from the austerity

A B

frequently associated with architecture in the United States after the Second World War.

C D

Key: A

分析:考点是定语从句关连词用法,定语从句中的疑问关系代词的误用。

改正:which → whose

参考译文:MY是一个美国建筑师,他的作品与二战后美国的常见的朴素的作品的风格大相

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径庭。

31. Chemical research provides information that is useful when the textile industry in the

A B C

creation of synthetic fabrics.

D

Key: B

分析:考点是介词的误用.when一般引导时间状语从句,但这句话中when后面显然不是一个完整的句子,改成for,表示为了什么的意思。

改正:when → for

参考译文:化学上的研究提供了对在人造织品的制作过程的纺织品工业很有用的信息。

32. Jane Addams, social worker, author, and spokeswoman for the peace and women’s

A

suffrage movements, she received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931 for her humanitarian

B C D achievements.

Key: C

分析:考点主语单一原则。

改正:she received → received

参考译文:JA,一个社会学家,作家,和平和妇女选举权运动的发言人,于1931年因为她的人道主义的成就而获得了Nobel和平奖。

33. Bromyrite crystals have a diamond-like luster and are usually colorless, but they dark

A B C

to brown when exposed to light.

D

Key: C

分析:考点是形容词和动词的误用,dark为形容词,C应该为动词,所以改为dark的动词形式darken。

改正:dark→darken

参考译文:溴银矿的晶体有着钻石般的光泽而且常常是无色的,但是当它们接触到光线时就颜色加深到褐色。

34. Stars in our universe vary in temperature, color, bright, size and mass.

A B C D

Key: C

分析:考点是平行结构,and前后五个名词并列。

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改正:bright → brightness

参考译文:我们的宇宙中的星星在温度,颜色,亮度,型号和体积方面都不相同。

35. Ice is less denser than liquid from which it is formed.

A B C D

Key: A

分析:考点是平行结构,less+形容词原形表示“不……”

改正:denser → dense

参考译文:冰的密度比形成冰的液体的密度低。

36. The 1983 Nobel Prize in Medicine was awarded to Barbara McClintock for her

A

experiments with maize and her discoveries regardless the nature of DNA.

B C D

Key: D

分析:考点是词的误用,regardless是“不管…的;不顾…的”的意思,这里应该用regarding 来修饰discoveries。

改正:regardless → regarding

参考译文:1983年的Nobel医学奖授予了BM,为了赞赏她做的玉米实验和她的对DNA性质的发现。

37. In 1866 to 1883, the bison population in North American was reduced from an

A B

estimated 13 million to a few hundred.

C D

Key: A

分析:考点是介词用法,表示“从…时间到…时间”用介词from…to, in +时间表示在“一段时间里”。

改正:In → From

参考译文:从1866年到1883年,在北美的野牛数量从预测的13 million减到几百。

38. Most of the damage property attributed to the San Francisco earthquake of 1906

A B C

resulted from the fire that followed.

D

Key: A

分析:考点是介词用法,……方面的破坏,用介词to

改正:damage property → damage to property

句子翻译:1906年的旧金山地震中毁坏的绝大多数的财产是因为那场火。

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39. James Baldwin’s plays and short stories, which are to some degree autobiographical,

A B

established them as a leading figure in the United States civil rights movement.

C D

Key: C

分析:考点是代词的误用。

改正:them → him

参考译文:JB的戏剧和短篇小说在一定程度上是自传,并把他自己塑造成为美国人权运动中的领袖。

40. Thunder can be listened from a maximum distance of about ten miles except under

A B C

unusual atmospheric conditions.

D

Key: A

分析:考点是动词的误用。listen一般用于主动。

改正:listened → heard

参考译文:除了在特殊的大气环境外,最远可以从10英里的距离外听到雷声。

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版权所有水妖的岛

高等教育学-模拟练习题库-part1

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