附录3 英文目录示例

附录3 英文目录示例

CONTENTS（新罗马2号字，大写，加粗，居中）

（Abstract in Chinese、Acknowledgement等和

一级标题为新罗马5号字粗体，二级标题为新罗马5号字）

Abstract in Chinese....................................................................................................................... I Abstract in English (Ⅱ)

1.Introduction (1)

1.1 Aims of research (1)

1.2 Total document (2)

1.2.1 Concept of soilless culture (2)

2.Materials and Methods (14)

2.1 Materials and methods in sugar beet with different soilless culture (14)

2.1.1 Experimental materials (14)

2.1.2 Experimental methods (14)

2.2 Materials and methods on the effect of environmental factors to NR

and GS activators in sugar beet seedling with soilless culture (15)

2.2.1 Experimental materials (15)

2.2.2 Experimental methods (16)

2.2.3 Determination methods (18)

3.Results analysis (20)

3.1 The compare to different methods in soilless culture (20)

3.1.1 The compare to the viability rate of sugar beet seedling

trasplated with difficlt methods in soilless cuture (20)

3.1.2 The change tendencies of nitratase during seeding of sugar beet

without different methods of cultivation without soil (20)

3.2 The controlling law of N、T、Mg2+、pH to the NR vitality

in sugar beet leaf during with soilless culture (26)

3.2.1 Model build (26)

3.2.2 Monofactorial effector analysis (28)

3.3 The controlling law of N、T、Mg2+、pH to the GS vitality

in sugar beet root during with soilless culture (33)

3.3.1 Model build (34)

3.3.2 Monofactorial effector analysis (35)

4.Discussion (48)

4.1 The compare to different methods in soilless culture (48)

4.1.1 The compare to the viability rate of sugar beet seedling

trasplated with difficlt methods in soilless cuture (48)

4.1.2 The change of NR and GS during seedling of sugar beet

trasplated with difficult methods in soilless culture (48)

4.2 The effect of environmental factors to NR and GS activators

in sugar beet seedling with soilless culture (50)

4.2.1 The effect of N to the enzyme activator in sugar beet (50)

4.2.2 The effect of T to the enzyme activity in sugar beet (50)

5.Conclusion (54)

Acknowledgement (55)

References (56)

Appendix (62)

Papers published in the period of Ph.M. education (66)

注：英文目录用词

Abstract 摘要

Introduction 绪论

Conclusion 结论

References 参考文献

Appendix A,B … 附录A,B

Papers published in the period of Ph.D. education

攻读博士学位期间发表的论文

Acknowledgement 致谢

Index 索引

Resume 个人简历

2.英文翻译格式和要求

英文 小四号字，单倍行距，首行缩进2个字符，不能定义文档网格。约3千英文单词。 MCU Description SCM is also known as micro-controller (Microcontroller Unit), commonly used letters of the acronym MCU MCU that it was first used in industrial control. Only a single chip by the CPU chip developed from a dedicated processor. The first design is by a large number of peripherals and CPU on a chip in the computer system, smaller, more easily integrated into a complex and demanding on the volume control device which. INTEL's Z80 is the first designed in accordance with this idea processor, then on the development of microcontroller and dedicated processors have parted ways. 一、SCM history SCM was born in the late 20th century, 70, experienced SCM, MCU, SoC three stages. SCM the single chip microcomputer (Single Chip Microcomputer) stage, mainly seeking the best of the best single form of embedded systems architecture. "Innovation model" success, laying the SCM and general computer completely different path of development. In the open road of independent development of embedded systems, Intel Corporation contributed. MCU the micro-controller (Micro Controller Unit) stage, the main direction of technology development: expanding to meet the embedded applications, the target system requirements for the various peripheral circuits and interface circuits, highlight the object of intelligent control.It involves the areas associated with the object system, therefore,the development of MCU's responsibility inevitably falls on electrical, electronics manufacturers. From this point of view, Intel faded MCU development has its objective factors. In the development of MCU, the most famous manufacturers as the number of Philips Corporation. Philips company in embedded applications, its great advantage, the MCS-51 single-chip micro-computer from the rapid development of the micro-controller. Therefore, when we look back at the path of development of embedded systems, do not forget Intel and Philips in History. 二、Embedded Systems Embedded system microcontroller is an independent development path, the MCU important factor in the development stage, is seeking applications to maximize the solution on the chip; Therefore, the development of dedicated single chip SoC trend of the natural form. As the microelectronics, IC design, EDA tools development, application system based on MCU SoC design have greater development. Therefore, the understanding of the microcontroller chip microcomputer can be, extended to the single-chip micro-controller applications. 三、MCU applications SCM now permeate all areas of our lives, which is almost difficult to find traces of the field without SCM. Missile navigation equipment, aircraft, all types of instrument control, computer network communications and data transmission, industrial automation, real-time process control and data processing, extensive use of various smart IC card, civilian luxury car security system, video recorder, camera, fully automatic washing machine control, and program-controlled toys, electronic pet, etc., which are inseparable from the microcontroller. Not to mention the area of robot control, intelligent instruments, medical equipment was. Therefore, the MCU learning, development and application of the large number of computer applications and

3英文文献及翻译格式示例

哈尔滨工业大学毕业设计（论文） 英文原文（原文也可以直接将PDF版打印） ASSESSING CREDIT OR DETERMINING QUANTITY? THE EVOLVING ROLE OF RATING AGENCIES Lynnette D. Purda* This version: April 21, 2011 Abstract Over the past ten years, credit rating agencies have come under intense criticism from both practitioners and academics, first for their failure to identify problems resulting in bankruptcies at Enron and Worldcom and second for providing overly optimistic ratings for structured finance products. While many investors question the value of rating agencies in light of these criticisms, they have proven remarkably resilient. This paper provides a brief background on how rating agencies secured competitive advantages in evaluating credit quality. It then reviews the empirical evidence on the information content of ratings given these advantages. I argue that the information content of ratings stems from two intertwined sources: 1) information related to credit quality and 2) information related to the firm’s ability to access debt. Based on this evidence, I suggest that the dominant role for ratings today is as a benchmark for financial contracting. In this way, ratings remain influential in establishing the supply and demand of debt securities. 译文 评级机构的发展的作用评估信用还是决定数量？ 本文：2011.4.21 摘要 在过去的十年，信用评级机构一直处于来自实践者和学者的激烈的批评中，首先他们未能发现问题，导致安然和世通破产；其次对结构性金融产品提供过于乐观的评级。虽然许多投资者因为这些批评对评级机构的价值提出了质疑，但他们仍然被证明是相当有活力的。这篇文章首先在评估机构如何在信用评级质量中获得竞争优势提供一个简单地背景介绍，然后考虑到这些优势回顾了一些信息内容方面的评级经验证据。个人认为信息内容的评级来自两种交织在一起（错综复杂）的来源：1）和信贷质量相关的信息；2)和公司获取债务资本能力相关的信息。以此为据，我建议当前评级的主导作用是作为基准的金融收缩。以这种方式，在建立债券的供应和需求方面评级仍然是有效的。 - -1

英文翻译格式要求

河北建筑工程学院 毕业设计（论文）外文资料翻译 系别：机械工程系 专业：机械电子工程 班级：机电（本）091 姓名：张少强 学号： 2009322110 外文出处：English in Mechanical and Electrical Engineering 附件：1、外文原文；2、外文资料翻译译文。 指导教师评语： 签字： 年月日 金属热处理 普遍接受的金属和金属合金的热处理定义是“在某种程度上加热和冷却金属或金属合金，以获得特定的条件和属性。”加热的唯一目的是进行热加工，锻造操作是被排除在这个定义之外的。热处理有时候也用产品表示，同样玻璃和塑料也被排除在这个定义之外。 变换曲线 热处理的基础是在一个单一的图表上绘制的包含三个所有的等温转变曲线或TTT曲线。因为曲线的形状，他们有时候也称为c曲线或s曲线。 TTT曲线绘制，特定的钢在给定的条件下和预定的时间间隔内记录以检查的组织结构转换的

数量。众所周知共析钢（T80）在超过723℃形成的是奥氏体，在此温度下形成的是珠光体。为了形成珠光体碳原子应该分散形成渗碳体。扩散是一个过程需要足够的时间来完成奥氏体向珠光体的转变。我们可以注意到在不同的样本内在任何的温度下数量都在发生变化。这些点被绘制在以时间和温度为轴的坐标内。通过这些点共析钢的变换曲线如图1所示。曲线的左极端代表在任何给定的温度下奥氏体向珠光体的转变。同样的右极端代表完成所需要的时间。这两个曲线之间转换的点代表部分转换。水平线条s M和f M发代表开始和完成的马氏体转变。 热处理工艺的分类 在某些情况下，热处理在技术和使用程序上是分开的。而在其他情况下，,描述或简单的解释是不够的，因为相同的技术常常可以获得不同的目标。例如，应力消除和回火需要相同的设备和利用相同时间和温度循环。然而这是两个不同的过程。 图8.1 T80钢在等温间隔下的热处理图 以下对热处理的描述主要是根据他们之间的关系来安排的。正火指加热铁合金到高于它转变温度上的一个合适温度(通常是50°F到100°F或28℃到56℃)。接下来是在精致空气至少是在低于其转变温度范围下冷却。由此产生的结构和性能和通过完全退火是一样的。对大多数铁合金来说正火和退火是不一样的。 正火通常被用作调节处理，尤其是没有经过高温锻造或其他热加工的精炼粒钢。正火的成功通常由另一个热处理来完成如奥氏体化的淬火、退火或回火。 退火是一个通用术语，它表示一个热处理，包括加热和保持在一个合适的温度后以一个合适的冷却速度冷却。它主要用来软化金属材料，但它同时也会产生其他属性或期望的微观结构。

考研英语大纲附录3常用前后缀

附录3常用的前缀和后缀，部分国家（或地区）、语言、国民及国籍表，洲名及常见缩写词 一、常用的前缀和后缀 1、常用前缀 aero-：concerning the air of aircraft plane-aeroplane 飞机 space-aerospace 航空空间 anti-：against；opposite of nuclear-antinuclear 反对核武器的 matter-antimatter反物质 war-antiwar反战的 auto-：of or by oneself biography传记–autobiography自传criticism批评-autocriticism自我反省 be-：to treat as the stated thing friend-befriend以朋友的方式对待；照顾little-belittle使显得微小，轻视、贬低 bi-：two；twice；double lingual-bilingual 双语的；人 cycle-bicycle bio-：concerning living things chemistry-biochemistry生化 sphere-biosphere 生物圈 by-，bye-：less important produce-by-produce way-byway偏僻小路；学科的次要领域，冷门 centi-：hundredth part grade-centigrade ?摄氏 meter-centimeter 厘米 co-：together，with author-coauthor合著者，合著 exist-coexist 同时共存、和平共处 col-：( used before l ) together，with location-collocation排列，配置，词的搭配com-：( used before b，m，p ) together，with passion-compassion 怜悯、同情 con-：together，with centric-concentric同一中心的、同轴federation-confederation结盟同盟，联邦contra-：opposite diction-contradiction 矛盾、否定反驳natural-contranatural违背自然的 cor-：( used before r ) together，with relate-correlate 有相关性 respond-correspond 相符合相一致，相当类似通信 counter-：opposite act-counteract 对抗、抵消 attack-counterattack 反攻、反击 cross-：across；going between the stated things and joining them country-crosscountry越野的 breed-crossbreed杂种，使杂交 de-：showing an opposite；to remove；to reduce code-decode 译码、解码、分析电子信号value-devalue 贬值，贬低 dis-：not；the opposite of advantage-disadvantage 不利、劣势、短处agree-disagree不同意、不一致、不适合honest-dishonest 不诚实、不老实 em-：( used before b，m，p ) to cause to become body-embody 表现、象征；包括、包含power-empower 授权、准许 en-：to cause to become；to make danger-endanger 危及、使遭受危险 large-enlarge 扩大、扩充放大 ex-：former ( and still living ) minister-ex-minister v辅助; 服侍,部长 wife-ex-wife 前妻 extra-：outside；beyond curricular-extracurricular 学校课程以外的ordinary-extraordinary 奇怪；特别；额外，临时 fore-：in advance，before；in or at the front arm-forearm前臂，预先武装 warn-forewarn 预先警告；事先告知 il-：( used before l ) not legal-illegal 非法 literate-illiterate 目不识丁、文盲的 im-：( used before b，m，p ) not moral-immoral 不道德、邪恶；放荡的possible-impossible 不可能、办不到的；很难接受 in-：not

汉译英格式规范

汉译英翻译格式规范 I 格式规范 1. 正文标题、机构名称、图表格名称和表头中所有单词（除虚词外）的首字母均大 写；但标题为句子的情况除外； 2. 译文中出现的标准、规范名称，单独出现时每个单词首字母均应大写并斜体，不 加引号；在表格中出现时不用斜体； 3. 摄氏度符号统一从“符号”“Times new roman”中找到“°”（位于最右一列）插 入，然后在后面加上大写“C”，即“°C”； 4. 排比和并列的内容，标点应统一。一般做法是中间采用“;”，最后一个采用“.”， 最后一个与倒数第二个之间用“; and”； 5. 数值范围的表示形式应是：110-220 kV，而不是110 kV～220 kV；注意：数字和 连字符之间没有空格，数字和单位之间有空格数字与单位之间要加一个空格，但“°C”、“°F”和“%”除外； 6. 在英文中，百分号应采用英文半角“%”，而不可采用中文全角“%”； 7. 公式中的符号从“插入公式”中选择； 8. 文本框中第一个单词首字母大写； 9. 1号机组和2号机组、一期和二期的表示方法：Unit 1 & 2；Phase I & II； 10. 第x条（款、项）和第y条（款、项）的表示方法：Article x and Article y，即表 示条（款、项）的词不能省略； 11. 文件中出现公式时，公式后说明性文字的“其中”、“式中”统一译为“Where:”， 注意其后加冒号；对公式中的字母和符号进行解释时，采用“-”，其前后均不空格，“-”后的首字母为小写；公式后的说明要用分号，最后采用句号。例如： Where: F sc-short circuit current force (lb/ft); V-velocity; P-gas density. 12. 冒号后首字母小写； 13. 大于号、小于号、等号两边均有空格； 14. 表格的标题和标题栏字体加粗； 15. 注意上下标与原文一致； 16. 直径符号φ的输入方法：插入，符号，字体选择Symbol，然后选择输入φ，并采用 斜体；

附录1常用基本词汇表

附录1 常用基本词汇表 英文名词中文名词解释 A（Adenine）腺嘌呤作为碱基的两种嘌呤中的一种。 active site活化位点蛋白质三维表面催化作用发生的区域。 alignment比对为了确定两个同源核酸或蛋白质序列的累计差 异而进行的配对称为比对。 alignment of alignments比对的比对即比对的对象不是简单的序列，而是序列的比 对。 alleles等位基因一个基因的不同版本。 alpha carbonα碳在氨基酸中与侧链（R-基团）相连的中心碳原子。 alternative splicing可变剪接从一个单独的hnRNA生成两个或多个mRNA 分子的过程。 amino terminus (N-terminal)氨基端（N端）在一个多肽中，具有自由氨基的分子端，对应 于基因的5’-端。 anti-parallel反向平行表示相反的方向；在双链DNA中，这意味着如果 一条链是5' 到3'的，则其互补链方向是3' 到 5'的。 backbone (of an amino acid) （氨基酸的）骨架包含一个氨基，一个α碳和一个羧酸或羧基。base pair 碱基对（1）在双链DNA中嘌呤和嘧啶之间的相互作用 （特别指A和T之间，G和C之间）；（2）双链 DNA序列长度的基本单位。 beta turnsβ转角在反向平行的β折叠片中，当β链反转方向的时 候蛋白质内部形成的U型结构。 Bioinformatics 生物信息学应用信息科学的理论、方法和技术，管理、分析 和利用生物分子数据。 Biocomputing生物计算本书中特指用计算机技术分析和处理生物分子 数据。

英文中地址格式

中国地址英文书写格式 地址翻译实例 : 宝山区南京路12号3号楼201室 room 201，building No.3,No.12，nan jing road，BaoShan District 如果地方不够可以将3号楼201室写成：3-201 宝山区示范新村37号403室 Room 403,No.37,SiFan Residential Quarter,BaoShan District 中华人民共和国民政部政策研究中心北京河沿大街147号 No.147# HeiYian Street the policy center of civil administration department the People’Republic of China 虹口区西康南路125弄34号201室 Room 201,No.34,Lane 125,XiKang Road(South),HongKou District 北京市崇文区天坛南里西区20楼3单元101 Room 3-101 building No.20,TianTan-NanXiLi Residential ChongWen District BeiJing City 江苏省扬州市宝应县泰山东村102栋204室 Room 204 building No.102, East TaiShan Residential BaoYin County JiangSu Province 473004河南省南阳市中州路42号王坤 Wang Kun Room 42，Zhongzhou Road，Nanyang City，Henan Prov.China 473004 中国四川省江油市川西北矿区采气一队 1 Team CaiQi ChuanXiBei Mining Area JiangYou City SiChuan Province China 中国河北省邢台市群众艺术馆 The Masses Art Centre XinTai City HeBei Prov.China 江苏省吴江市平望镇联北村七组 7 Group LiBei Village PingWang Town WeJiang City JiangSu Province 434000湖北省荆州市红苑大酒店王坤 Wang Kun Hongyuan Hotel,Jingzhou city,Hubei Prov. China 434000 473000河南南阳市八一路272号特钢公司王坤 Wang Kun Special Steel Corp，No.272，Bayi Road，Nanyang City，Henan Prov. China 473000 528400广东中山市东区亨达花园7栋702 王坤 Wang Kun Room 702, 7th Building,Hengda Garden, East District,Zhongshan, China 528400 361012福建省厦门市莲花五村龙昌里34号601室王坤 Wang Kun Room 601, No.34 Long Chang Li,Xiamen, Fujian, China 361012 361004厦门公交总公司承诺办王坤 Mr. Wang Kun Cheng Nuo Ban, Gong Jiao Zong Gong Si Xiamen, Fujian, China 361004 266042山东省青岛市开平路53号国棉四厂二宿舍1号楼2单元204户甲王坤 Mr. Zhou Wangcai NO. 204, A, Building NO. 1,The 2nd Dormitory of the NO. 4 State-owned Textile Factory, 53 Kaiping Road, Qingdao,Shandong, China 266042 英文地址的写法 [英文地址] 中国MPA在线的英文地址：Rome1232,Youth building,No.34 West Beisanhuan Road, Beijing,China 一、寄达城市名的批译： 我国城市有用英文等书写的，也有用汉语拼音书写的。例如“北京”英文写为“Peking”，汉语拼音写为“Beijing”二者虽然都是用拉丁字母，但拼读方法不同，前者是以音 标相拼，而后者则是用声母和韵母相拼的，批译时要注意识别，以免错译。 二、街道地址及单位名称的批译： 常见有英文书写、汉语拼音书写、英文和汉语拼音混合书写三种。 1、英文书写的，例如Address：6 East Changan Avenue PeKing译为北京市东长安街6号； 2、汉语拼音书写的，例如：105 niujie Beijing译为北京市牛街105号； 3、英文、汉语拼音混合书写的，例如：NO.70 dong feng dong Rd.Guangzhou 译为广州东风东路70号。 三、机关、企业等单位的批译： 收件人为机关、企业等单位的，应先译收件人地址，再译单位名称。批译方法为： 1、按中文语序书写的要顺译。 例如：SHANGHAI FOODSTUFFS IMP AND EXP CO. 译为：上海食品进出口公司； 2、以英文介词短语充当定语，一般位于被修饰的名词之后，译在该名词 之前。 例如：Civil Aviation Administration Of China 译为：中国民航局； 3、机关、企业单位的分支机构一般用英文“branch”(分部、分公司等)表示。 例如：Beijing Electron Co. Ltd Xian branch 译为：北京电子有限公司西安分公司。 四、姓名方面： 外国人习惯是名（Firstname）在前，姓(Lastname)在后。若碰到让您一起填的，最好要注意一 下顺序，不过你要是填反了，也没关系。中国银行收支票时是都承认的。 例如：刘刚，可写成GangLiu，也可写成LiuGang。 五、地址翻译——翻译原则：先小后大。 1、中国人喜欢先说大的后说小的，如**区**路**号。 而外国人喜欢先说小的后说大的，如 ：**号**路**区，因此您在翻译时就应该先写小的后写大的。例如：中国山东省青岛市四方区洛阳路34号3号楼4单元402户，就要从房开始写 起： Room402,Unit4,Building3,No.34.LuoyangRoad,sifangDistrict,QingdaoCit y,Shandong Prov,China （逗号后面有空格）。 注意：其中路名、公司名、村名等均不用翻译成同意的英文，只要照写拼音就行了。 因为您的支票是中国的邮递员送过来，关键是要他们明白。技术大厦您写成Technology Building，他们可能更迷糊。 注意：填写姓名时，姓在前，名在后，中间空格，首字母大 写。填写地址时，从小地址到大地址，逗号或空格后的第一个字母大写。 A： 室/房Room 村Village 号No. 宿舍Dormitory 楼/层F 住宅区/小区Residential Quater 甲/乙/丙/丁A/B/C/D 巷/弄Lane 单元Unit 楼/栋Building 公司Com./Crop/LTD.CO 厂Factory 酒楼/酒店Hotel 路Road 花园Garden 街Street 信箱Mailbox 区Districtq 县County 镇Town 市City 省Prov. 院Yard 大学College **表示序数词，比如1st、2nd、3rd、4th......如果不会，就用No.***代替，或者直接填数字吧！ 另外有一些***里之类难翻译的东西，就直接写拼音***Li。而***东（南、西、北）路，直接用拼音也行，写***East（South、West、North）Road也行。还有，如果地方不够可以 将7栋3012室写成：7-3012。 201室:Room201 12号:No.12 2单元:Unit2 3号楼:BuildingNo.3 长安街:ChangAnstreet 南京路:Nanjingroad 长安公司:ChangAnCompany 宝山区:BaoShanDistrict 赵家酒店:ZhaoJiahotel 钱家花园:Qianjiagarden 孙家县:Sunjiacounty 李家镇:Lijiatown 广州市:Guangzhoucity

翻译时间格式新要求(必看)

一，翻译时间 1，试译文件需在发布任务的2天之内上传，我们将根据提交上来的试译文件选出中标作品，并发站内信通知，注意查收。为方便联系，可以在提交试译文件时留下联系方式（QQ，邮箱，最好是手机） 2，提交作品到指定的邮箱，不能按时交任务的话，要及时通知我。 5，如果稿件由于质量问题被退回，要求从退回日期算起一天之内发回。 二，翻译格式要求 1.应为纯文本格式，编码UTF-8, 统一使用Editplus 3。见附件 介于Editplus界面，左右宽度很大，总的拉动下面那个Bar，可以调整。找到左上Document，点击下拉出现菜单，选择Word-wrap Options...再选择enable word-wrap,然后下面那个format 选80，应该就可以了。 2.格式采用一段英文一段中文的方式（不是一句一句对应，而是一段一段），英 文下面跟中文，可以按照自然段的格式，不要把英文删掉。 使用中文标点，包括逗号（，），句号（。），省略号（……），引号（“”），破折号（——）等都用专门的全角中文标点，而不要使用英文标点。 3. <>表示一条评论的开始，要求一条一条翻译。不要搞混。<>中的内容保留， 不要做任何变动。 4，翻译文本应为纯文本格式，在保存翻译文件的时候点下拉框选编码UTF-8，不要更改原文件名。 三，翻译内容注意事项 1.TripAdvisor 一定要翻译成“到到网”，这个是网站的中文名字。 2.题目括号<>里面的酒店名不需要翻译，正文中的地名，酒店名尽量要翻译（可 在到到网和携程网上找），正文中的人名不需要翻译。 3.Review 里会有一些带感情色彩的话，特别是褒义的，在翻译的时候一定要把 这种感情给表现出来，语气也可以强烈些。比如说，“Amazing Value”有些人把它翻成“物有所值”，但也有些人把它翻成“物超所值”，肯定是后者表达的感情色彩更强烈，也更贴切。

美国药典(USP34)附录-115英文

115DEXPANTHENOL ASSAY The following procedure is provided for the determination of dexpanthenol as an ingredient of multiple-vitamin preparations. It is applicable also to the determination of the dextrorotatory component of racemic panthenol and of other mixtures containing dextrorotatory panthenol. Media may be prepared as described hereinafter, or dehydrated mixtures yielding similar formulations may be used provided that, when reconstituted as directed by the manufacturer or distributor, they have growth-promoting properties equal to or superior to those obtained from the formulas given herein. USP Reference Standards 11—USP Dexpanthenol RS. Standard Stock Solution of Dexpanthenol— Dissolve an accurately weighed quantity of USP Dexpanthenol RS in water, dilute with water to obtain a solution having a known concentration of about 800 μg per mL, and mix. Store in a refrigerator, protected from light, and use within 30 days. Standard Preparation— On the day of the assay, prepare a water dilution of the Standard Stock Solution of Dexpanthenol to contain 1.2 μg of dexpanthenol per mL. Assay Preparation— Proceed as directed in the individual monograph for preparing a solution expected to contain approximately the equivalent of the dexpanthenol concentration in the Standard Preparation. Modified Pantothenate Medium— Acid-Hydrolyzed Casein Solution 25 mL Cystine–Tryptophane Solution 25 mL

英文翻译格式

附录1 A simplified approach for settlement calculation of pile groups considering pile-to-pile interaction in layered soils 1 Introduction Piles, generally arranged in groups, are used in various applications to support structures exposed to vertical loads. In many cases, the settlement of pile groups is the controlling factor in design because the primary purpose of pile groups is to limit the deformation of structures. Therefore, many researchers have proposed different methods to investigate the behavior of the settlement of pile groups. The current methods for estimating the settlement of pile groups can be categorized as: 1) Numerical methods, such as finite element method, and boundary element method. As a very powerful technique, numerical methods can readily calculate the settlements of pile groups in terms of the nonlinearity of soils and the interaction between individual piles by performing full three-dimensional-models for pile groups. However, the application of numerical methods is limited in practice for the complex modeling procedures and the high computational requirements, especially for large numbers of pile groups. 2) Equivalent pier methods. The methods consider the pile groups as a whole pier to simplify the procedure for estimating the settlement of pile groups which equals that of single pile by means of load-transfer function. The obvious drawback of equivalent pier method is that the computed settlement is only relative to the size of the equivalent pier by neglecting the influence of the pile number and pile space in pile groups. 3) Superimposing methods. The methods, originally introduced by POULOS, are widely used recently which estimate the settlements of pile groups by superimposing the interaction factors of any two individual piles. LEE developed a procedure to calculate the interaction factors for both rigid and flexible pile groups. COSTANZO and LANCELLOTA proposed an approximate solution to evaluate the interaction factors taking into account the nonlinearity characteristic of surrounding soil around piles. WONG and POULOS modified the interaction factors which can account for the different type of piles. However, the superimposing method does not consider

外文文献翻译封面格式及要求(模版)

毕业论文外文文献翻译 院 年级专业： 2009 级XXXXXXXXXXX 姓 名：学 号：附 件： 备注：（注意：备注页这一整页的内容都不需要打印，看懂了即可）

1.从所引用的与毕业设计（论文）内容相近的外文文献中选择一篇或一部分进行翻译（不少于3000实词）； 2.外文文献翻译的装订分两部分，第一部分为外文文献；第二部分为该外文文献的中文翻译，两部分之间用分页符隔开。也就是说，第一外文文献部分结束后，使用分页符，另起一页开始翻译。 3.格式方面，外文文献的格式，除了字体统一使用Times new roman 之外，其他所有都跟中文论文的格式一样。中文翻译的格式，跟中文论文的格式一样。 （注意：备注页这一整页的内容都不需要打印，看懂了即可,定稿后,请删除本页.） 范文如下：注意,下面内容每一部份均已用分页符分开了,如果用本模板,请将每一模块单独删除,直接套用到每一模板里面,不要将全部内容一次性删除. 【Abstract】This paper has a systematic analysis on outside Marco-environment of herbal tea beverage industry and major competitors of brands inside the herbal tea market. Based on

the theoretic framework, this paper takes WONG LO KAT and JIA DUO BAO herbal tea as an example, and researches the strategy on brand positioning and relevant marketing mix of it. Through analysis on the prevention sense of WONG LO KAT herbal tea, it was positioned the beverage that can prevent excessive internal heat in body, a new category divided from the beverage market. the process of brand positioning of it in Consumers brain was finished. Based on this positioning strategy, WONG LO KAT reasonably organized and arranged its product strategy, price strategy, distribution strategy and promotion strategy, which not only served for and further consolidated the position of preventing excessive internal heat in body, but also elevated the value of brand. The JDB and WONG LO KAT market competition brings us enlightenment. Reference the successful experience from the JDB and lessons from the failure of the WONG LO KAT.，Times New Roman. 【Key Words】Brand positioning; Marketing mix; Positioning Strategy; enlightenment, lessons；ABC （本页为英文文献摘要，关键词两项一起单独一页，字体为：Times New Roman，小四号，1.5倍行距）