UDRG 758英文版

UDRG 758

The Uniform Rules for Demand Guarantees

Article 1

A. The Uniform Rules for Demand Guarantees, [2009] Revision, ICC

Publication no.[758](“URDG”)are rules that apply to any demand guarantee or counter-guarantee when it expressly indicates that it is subject to these rules. They are binging on all parties thereto except to the extent that they are modified or excluded by the demand guarantee or counter-guarantee.

B.Where, at the request of the counter-guarantor, a demand guarantee

is issued subject to the URDG, the counter-guarantee shall also be subject to the URDG except so far as stated otherwise. However, a demand guarantee does not become subject to the URDG merely because the counter-guarantee is subject to the URDG.

C.Where, at the request or with the agreement of the

application/instructing party, a demand guarantee or a counter-guarantee is issued subject to the URDG, the application/instructing is deemed to have accepted the rights and obligations of the application/instructing party set out in these rules. Nothing in these rules shall apply to the relationship between the application/instructing party and the guarantor except as provided by this paragraph.

Article 2

Advising party means the party that advises the guarantee at the request of the guarantor.

Applicant means the party indicated in the guarantee as having it obligation under the underlying relationship supported by the guarantee.

Beneficiary means the party in whose favour a demand guarantee is issued.

Business day means a day on which and the hours during which the place of business where an act of a kind subject to these rules 15 to be performed is regularly open for performance of such an act.

Charges mean any commissions, fees, costs or expenses due to any party acting under a guarantee governed by these rules.

Counter-guarantee means any written undertaking , however named or

described , given by the counter - guarantor to another party to procure the issue by that other party of a demand guarantee or another counter - guarantee and providing for payment upon the presentation of a complying demand under the counter - guarantee issued in favour of that party.

Counter-guarantor means the party issuing a counter -guarantee, including an issuer acting for its own account.

Demand means a written demand by the beneficiary for payment under a guarantee.

Document means a signed or unsigned record of information.

Underlying relationship means the contract, tender conditions or other relationship between the applicant and the beneficiary on which the guarantee is based.

expiry means the expiry date or the expiry event or, if both are specified, the earlier of the two;

? expiry date means the date specified in the guarantee on or before which a presentation may be made;

? expiry event means an event which under the terms of the guarantee results in its expiry, whether immediately or within a specified time after the event occurs, for which purpose the event is deemed to occur only:

a. when a document specified in the guarantee as indicating the occurrence of the event is presented to the guarantor, or

b. if no such document is specified in the guarantee, when the occurrence of the event becomes determinable from the guarantor's own records.

Guarantor means the party issuing a guarantee, including a counter-guarantee, except where otherwise indication in these rules,and an issuer acting for its own account.

Guarantor’s own records means records of the guarantor showing amounts credited to or debited from accounts held with the guarantor, provided the record of those credits or debits enables the guarantor to identify the guarantee to which they relate.

Instructing party means the party, other than the counter-guarantor, who gives instructing for issue a guarantee or amendment, and is responsible for indemnifying the guarantor. The instructing party may or may not be the applicant.

Article 3

A. For the purpose of these rules, branches of a guarantor in different countries are considered to be separate entities.

B. the terms" from ", "to ", " until ", " till " and " between ",when used

to determine the date when a demand may be presented, the expiry date or any date relevant for the purpose of calculating a time period in the guarantee or in a document required in the guarantee include the date or dates mentioned, and the terms "before" and "after" when so used exclude the date or dates so mentioned.

C. the term "within "when used in connection with a period after a given

date or after the occurrence of a given event exclude that date or the date of the occurrence of such event but includes the last date of that period.

D. Terms such as "first class", "well-known", "qualified", "independent",

"official", "competent" or "local" when used to describe the issuer of a document allow any issuer except the beneficiary or the applicant to issue that document.

Article 4

A. A guarantee is irrevocable on issue even if there is no indication to

that effect.

B. A guarantee or amendment is issued when it leaves the control of the

guarantor.

C. The beneficiary is entitled to present a demand as from the time of

issue of the guarantee or such other time or even as be provided in the guarantee.

Article 5

A. A guarantee is by its nature independent of contract, application,

tender conditions or other underlying relationship on which it may be based and the guarantor is in no way concerned with or bound by such relationship. A reference, howsoever made, to such contract, application, tender conditions or relationship in the guarantee does not change its independent nature. Consequently, the undertaking of

a guarantor to pay under the guarantee is not subject to claims or

defences by the applicant/instructing party resulting from its relationships with the guarantor or the beneficiary.

B. Similarly a counter-guarantee is by its nature independent of the

guarantee to which it relates, and of the contract application, tender conditions or other underlying relationship on which it may be based, and the counter-guarantor is in no way concerned with or bound by such relationship. A reference in the counter-guarantee contract, application, tender conditions or relationship does not change its independent nature. Consequently, the undertaking of a counter-guarantor to pay under the counter-guarantee is not subject to claims or defences by the applicant/instructing party resulting from its relationships with the counter-guarantor or the beneficiary.

Article 6

A Guarantor deals with documents and not with goods, services or performance to which the documents may relate.

Article 7

A guarantee should not contain a condition (other than a date or the lapse of a period) without stipulating a document to indicate complication with that condition. If the guarantee does not stipulate any such document and the fulfillment of the condition cannot be determined from the guarantor’s own records or from an index stipulated in the guarantee then the guarantor will deem such conditions as not stated and will disregard it.

Article 8

All instructions for the issue of guarantees and amendments thereto and amendments themselves should be clear and precise and should avoid excessive detail.

It is recommended that all guarantees specify:

a) The applicant;

b) The beneficiary;

c) The guarantor;

d) A reference number or other information identifying the underlying transaction;

e) A reference number or other information, identifying the issued guarantee or, in the case of a counter-guarantee, the counter-guarantee;

f) The amount or maximum amount payable and the currency in which it is payable;

g) The expiry of the guarantee;

h) Any terms for demanding payment;

i) Whether a demand or other document shall be presented in paper and/or electronic form;

j) The language of any document specified in the guarantee; and

k) The party liable for the payment of any charges.

Article 9

Where, at the time of receipt of instructions for the issue of a guarantee, the guarantor for any reason, whether relating to the law or regulation in the place of issue or otherwise, is not prepared, or is unable of the issue the guarantee, the guarantor should without delay so inform the party that gave the guarantor its instructions by telecommunication, or, if that is not possible, by other expeditious means.

Article 10

A.A guarantee or an amendment may be advised to a beneficiary through

a advising party. By advising the guarantee or an amendment either

directly or by utilizing the services of another party(“second advising party”),the advising party signifies to the beneficiary that it has satisfied itself as to the apparent authenticity of the guarantee or amendment and that the advice accurately reflects its terms and conditions.

B.The second advising party ,by advising the guarantee or amendment,

signifies that it has satisfied itself as to the apparent authenticity of the advice it has received and that the advice accurately reflects the terms and conditions of that guarantee or amendment.

C. An advising party or a second advising party advises a guarantee without

any additional representation or any undertaking whatsoever to the beneficiary.

D. A guarantor utilizing the services of an advising or second advising

party, as well as an advising party utilizing the services of second advising party, to advise a guarantee must use the same party to advise any amendment thereto.

E. If a party is requested to advise a guarantee or an amendment but is

not prepared or is unable to do so , it should without delay so inform the party from which that guarantee, amendment or advice has been received by telecommunication, or, if that is not possible, by other expeditions means.

F. If a party is requested to advise a guarantee or an amendment and agrees

to do so, but cannot satisfy itself as to the apparent authenticity of that guarantee, amendment or the advice, it must without delay so inform the party from which the instructions appear to have been received. if the advising party or second advising party elects

nonetheless to advise the guarantee or amendment, it must inform the beneficiary or second advising party that it has not been able to satisfy itself as to the apparent authenticity of the guarantee, amendment or advice.

Article 11

A. Where, at the time of instructions for the issue of an amendment to

guarantee, the guarantor for whatever reason is not prepared or is unable to issue that amendment, the guarantor shall without delay so inform the party that gave the guarantor its instructions by telecommunication, or, if that is not possible, by other expeditions means.

B. A guarantee cannot be amended without the agreement of the beneficiary

except where the guarantee otherwise provides. Nevertheless the guarantor is irrevocably bound by an amendment as from the time it issues the amendment and unless and until the beneficiary rejects the amendment.

C. Except where made in accordance with the terms of the guarantee, an

amendment of the guarantee may be rejected by the beneficiary until the time it notifies its acceptance of the amendment or makes a presentation that complies only with the amendment is binding on the beneficiary.

D. Any advising party must inform without delay the party from which it

has received the amendment of the beneficiary notification of acceptance or rejection.

E.Partial acceptance of an amendment is not allowed and will be deemed

to be notification of rejection of the amendment.

F. A provision in an amendment to the effect that the amendment shall take effect unless rejected within a certain time shall be disregarded.

Article 12

A guarantor is liable to the beneficiary only in accordance with, first, the terms and conditions of the guarantee and, second, these rules so far as consistent with those terms and conditions, Up to an amount not exceeding the guarantee amount.

Article 13

A guarantee may provide for the reduction or the increase of its amount on specified dates or on the occurrence of a specified event which under

the terms of the guarantee results in variation of its amount, and for this purpose the event is deemed to have occurred on the earlier of:

i. The time of presentation to the guarantor of a document stipulated in the guarantee indicating the occurrence of the event, and

ii. The time the event first become determinable from the guarantor’s own records or from an index stipulated in the guarantee. If not such document is specified in the guarantee.

Article 14

A.A presentation shall be made to the guarantor:

i. At the place of issue, or such other place as is specified in the

guarantee and,

ii. On or before expiry unless the presentation itself indications the occurrence of an expiry event, in which case the presentation itself results in the expiry.

B. Where the guarantee indicates that a presentation is to be made in

electronic form, the guarantee must specify the formats in which electronic documents are to be presented. if the guarantee provides no specification for such purpose, the presentation may be made in any format.

C. Where the guarantee indicates that a presentation is to be made in paper form through a particular mode of delivery and does not expressly exclude the use of another mode, the use of another mode by the presenter shall be effective if the presentation is received on or before the expiry date or before the expiry event.

D. Where the guarantee does not indicate whether a presentation is to be

made in paper or electronic form, a presentation may only be made in paper form.

E. Unless a presentation indicates that it is to b e completed at a

subsequent stage, it requires examination under article 19 even if not all the required documents have been presented.

F. Each delivery of documents under a presentation has to identify the

guarantee under which it is made, as by stating the guarantor’s reference number for the guarantee. If it does not, the time of examination indicated in article 20 shall commence on the date of examination. Nothing in this paragraph shall result in an extension of the guarantee.

G. Unless the guarantee provides for one or more documents to be presented

in a specific language, the language of all documents issued by or on behalf of the beneficiary under a guarantee including any demand under the guarantee and supporting statement shall be that of the guarantee.

Article 15

A.A demand under the guarantee shall be supported by such other documents as may be specified in the guarantee, and in any event by a statement by the beneficiary, whether in the demand itself or in a separate written document referring to the demand, indicating in what respect the applicant is in breach of its obligations under the contract, tender conditions or other underlying relationship on which the guarantee may be based.

B.A demand under the counter guarantee shall be supported by such other documents as may be specified in the counter guarantee and in any event by a statement by the guarantor he guarantee, whether in the demand itself or in a separate written document referring to the demand, to the effect that the party to which the counter-guarantor was issued has;

i. Issued the guarantee or other counter-guarantee; and

ii. Received a complying demand under that guarantee or counter-guarantee.

C. Paragraph (A) and (B) of this article applies except to the extent that

it is expressly excluded by the terms of the guarantee.

D. Neither the demand nor the supporting statement may be dated before

the date when the guarantee. Any other document may be dated before that date of the guarantee. Neither the demand, nor the supporting statement, nor any other document may be dated later than the date of its presentation.

Article 16

The guarantor shall inform the instructing party or, where applicable, the counter-guarantor, of a demand under the guarantee, and in that case the counter - guarantor shall inform the instructing party of such demand and of any demand under the counter - guarantee. This does not, however, extend the period mentioned in Article 21.

Article17

A. Making a non-complying demand, withdrawing a demand, or failing to make

any one of a number of scheduled or permitted demands does not waive

or otherwise prejudice the right to make another timely demand whether or not the guarantee prohibits partial or multiple demands.

B. Payment of a demand that is not a complying demand, with or without

knowledge of its non-compliance, does not waive the requirement in the guarantee for other demands to be compliant.

Article 18

A. A demand may be made for less than the full amount available ("partial

demand ").

B. More than one demand ("multiple demands,) may be made.

C. The statement "multiple demands prohibited" or a similar expression

means that only one demand covering either the full amount or any part thereof may be made and paid.

D. Where the guarantee provides that only one demand may be made, and that

demand is wrongfully rejected another demand can be made before the expiry of the guarantee.

E. if the demand is for an amount that exceeds the amount available under

the guarantee, the demand is not a complying demand. Any supporting statement or other document indicating an amount in excess of the amount demanded does not for that reason alone make the demand a non -complying demand.

Article 19

A. The guarantor must examine a presentation to determine, on the basis

of this presentation alone whether or not it appears on its face to be a complying presentation.

B. Data in a document , required under the guarantee , when read in context with the guarantee , the document itself , these rules and , in the absence of a relevant provision in the guarantee ,these rules or international standard demand guarantee practice , need not be identical to , but must not conflict with , data in that document , any other stipulated document or the guarantee.

C. If the guarantee requires presentation of a document without

stipulating by whom the document is to be issued or signed , or its data content , then :

i. If the document is signed , any signature will be regarded as in

conformity with the guarantee; and

ii. No indication of name or position of the signatory is necessary; and

iii. The guarantor will accept the document as presented if its content appears to fulfill the function of the required document and otherwise complies with article 19 ( b )

D. If a document which is not required by the guarantee is presented it will be disregarded and may be returned to the presenter ．

E. The guarantee shall not recalculate the beneficiary’s calculations under a formula stated or referenced in a guarantee.

F. The guarantor shall consider a requirement for a document to be legalized, visaed, certified or similar as satisfied by any signature, mark, stamp or label on the document which appears to satisfy that requirement.

Article 20

A. The guarantor, shall within five business days following the day of

presentation determine if a demand is complying .This period 15 not curtailed or otherwise affected by the expiry of the guarantee on or after the date of presentation.

B. When the guarantor determines that a demand is complying, it must pay

the beneficiary at the place of presentation.

Article 21

A. The guarantor shall pay a complying demand in the currency designated

in the guarantee.

B. If, on any date on which a payment is to be made under the guarantee,

it is impossible for the guarantor to make payment in the currency designated in the guarantee or it is illegal under the law of the place for payment to make payment in such designated currency , the guarantor may make payment in the currency of the place for payment even if the guarantee indicates that payment can only be made in the currency designated in the guarantee . The instructing party, or the counter -guarantor in the case of a counter -guarantee, shall be bound by a payment made in such currency and the guarantor, or the counter -guarantor in the case of a counter - guarantee, may elect to be reimbursed either in the currency in which payment was made or in the currency designated in the guarantee or, in the case of a counter -guarantee, in the currency designated in the counter -guarantee.

C. Payment or reimbursement in the currency of the place for payment under

Article 21 paragraph (B) is to be made according to the applicable rate of exchange prevailing there when payment or reimbursement is due.

However, if the guarantor has not paid at the time when payment is due, the beneficiary may require payment according to the applicable rate of exchange prevailing either when payment was due or at the time of actual payment.

Article 22

The guarantor shall without delay transmit a copy of the complying demand and Of any related documents to the instructing party or, where applicable, to the counter guarantor for transmission to the instructing party. However, neither the counter-guarantor nor the instructing party, as the Case may be, may withhold payment pending such transmission.

Article 23

A. where the guarantor determines that a demand is not a complying demand,

it may reject the demand.

B. When the guarantor determines that a demand is not a complying demand,

it may in its sole judgment approach the instructing party, or the counter - guarantor in the case of a counter -guarantee, for a waiver of the discrepancies. When the counter - guarantor determines that a demand under the counter -guarantee is not a complying demand, it may reject the demand, or, in its sole judgment approach the instructing party for a waiver of the discrepancies. In neither case does this extend the period mentioned in Article 1 9 or dispense with the

requirements of article 16. Obtaining the waiver of the

counter-guarantor or of the instructing party does not oblige the guarantor or the counter-guarantor to waive discrepancies.

C. When the guarantor rejects a demand, it must give a single notice to

that effect to the presenter.

D. The demand for payment is deemed to be withdrawn if the period of

extension requested is granted in time.

The notice must state:

i. that the guarantor is rejecting the demand; and

ii. each discrepancy in respect of which the guarantor rejects the demand .

E. The notice required in Article 23 (C) must be given by telecommunication or, if that is not possible, by other expeditious means but not later than the close of the fifth business day following the day of presentation.

F. The guarantor may at any time, after providing the notice required by

Article 23 (C), return any documents in paper form to the presenter and delete any documents in electronic form.

G. if the guarantor fails to act in accordance with paragraphs (C) and

(D) of this article, it shall be precluded from claiming that the demand

does not constitute a complying demand.

H. For the purpose of paragraphs (A), (C), (E) and (F) of this article, guarantor shall include counter-guarantor.

Article 24

The guarantor assume no liability or responsibility for the form , sufficiency , accuracy , genuineness , falsification , or legal effect of any signature or document presented to it or for the general and / or particular statements made therein , or superimposed thereon ; nor does it assume any liability or responsibility for the description , quantity , weight , quality , condition , packing , delivery , value or existence of the goods , services or other performance represented by any document , or for the good faith or acts or omissions , solvency , performance or standing of any person issuing or referred to under any capacity in the presented document.

Article 25

A. The guarantor assumes no liability or responsibility for the

consequences of delay, loss in transmit, mutilation or other errors arising in the transmission of any document, when such document is transmitted or sent according to the requirements stated in the guarantee, or when the guarantor may have taken the initiative in the choice of the delivery service in the absence of such instructions in the guarantee.

B. The guarantor assumes no liability or responsibility for errors in

translation or interpretation of technical terms and may transmit guarantee texts or any parts thereof without translating them.

Article 26

A guarantor utilizing the services of another party for the purpose of giving effect to the instructions of an instructing party does so for the account and at the risk of that instructing party.

Article 27

A. Should the guarantor ' s business be interrupted by acts of god , riots ,

civil commotions , insurrections , wars , acts of terrorism , or by strikes or lockouts or any Other Causes beyond its control , then :

i. The guarantee is extended for a period of 30 calendar days

commencing at the time of interruption of business, and

ii. The guarantor assumes no liability or responsibility for the consequences of such interruption of business and extension.

B. A complying demand presented, but not paid, before such interruption

of business need not be presented again after the cessation of the interruption of business and the guarantor shall make payment thereunder when the interruption ceases even if the guarantee has expired.

C. Where such interruption of business prevents the counter -guarantor

from making payment under the counter-guarantee after the guarantor has paid under the guarantee and the counter -guarantee expires before the cessation of such interruption of business, then nothing in this article shall affect the guarantor’s right to present a complying demand under the counter-guarantee once such interruption of business ceases.

Article 28

The instructing party or , in case of a counter -guarantee , the counter -guarantor , shall be liable to indemnify the guarantor against all obligations and responsibilities imposed by foreign laws and usages , including where those foreign laws and usages impose terms into the guarantee Or the Counter-guarantee that supersede the terms of that guarantee or counter-guarantee. A counter-guarantor which has indemnified the guarantor under this article shall, in turn , be entitled to seek indemnification from the instructing party .

Article 29

Article 25 to 28 shall not exempt a guarantor from liability or responsibility for its failure to act in good faith.

Article 30

A. A guarantor instructing another party to perform services is liable

for the payment of that party’s charges in connection with its instructions.

B. If a guarantee states that charges are for the account of the

beneficiary and those charges cannot be collected, the instructing

party remains liable for payment of those charges .if a counter-guarantee states that charges are for the account of the beneficiary and those charges cannot be collected, in the counter-guarantor remains liable to the guarantor, and the instructing party to the counter-guarantor, for the payment of those charges.

C. A guarantee should not stipulate that the advising of a guarantee to

a beneficiary is conditional upon the receipt by the advising party

or second advising party of its charges.

Article 31

A. where a complying demand is made under the guarantee that includes,

as an alternative, a request to extend the expiry date of the guarantee, the guarantor shall so inform the instructing party or the counter-guarantor in the case of a counter-guarantee, as provided in article 16 and indicate the date at which the demand was received. The guarantor may suspend payment for a period not exceeding twenty business days, following its receipt of the demand.

B. unless the requested extension is granted within the time provided

by the preceding paragraph, in which case the beneficiary is deemed to have withdrawn its demand for payment, the guarantor is obliged to pay the beneficiary’s demand without requiring any further action on the beneficiary’s part.

C.Even if the instruction party or the application or, in the case of

a counter-guarantee, the counter-guarantor, agrees to such extension

and instruct the guarantor to amend the guarantee accordingly, the guarantor may refuse to grant the extension and in that case must pay.

D.A complying demand made under the counter-guarantee that includes, as

an alternative, a request to extend the expiry date of the counter-guarantee shall indicate the date until which, or the time period during which, the guarantor has suspended the payment of the demand under the guarantee in application of paragraph (A) above .The counter-guarantor shall without delay inform the instructing party of the receipt of the demand under the counter-guarantee. The counter-guarantor shall then suspend payment under the counter-guarantee for a period two business day less than the period during which payment of the demand under the guarantee was suspended.

E.Unless the requested extension is granted within the time provided by

the preceding paragraph, the counter-guarantor is obliged to pay the guarantor’s demand without requiring any further action on the

guarantor’s part.

F.Neither the guarantor nor the counter-guarantor shall incur any

liability should payment to the beneficiary be delayed as a result of the above-mentioned procedure.

G.Even if the instructing party or the applicant agrees to such extension

and instructs the counter-guarantor to amend the counter-guarantee accordingly, the counter-guarantor may refuse to grant the extension and in that case must pay.

Article 32

A.The amount payable under the guarantee shall be reduced by any amount

paid under the guarantee.

B.The guarantee shall terminate upon expiry, or presentation to the

guarantor of the beneficiary’s written statement of release from liability under the guarantee or when no further sums are payable thereunder, whether or not in any such case the guarantee document is returned to the guarantor.

C.If the guarantee or counter-guarantee does not state an expiry date

and if the expiry event has not yet been established by presentation of the required document or from the guarantor’s own records, the guarantee shall terminate after the lapse of three years from the date of issue and the counter-guarantee shall terminate 30 calendar days thereafter.

D.If the expiry date of guarantee falls on a day which is not a business

day at the place where the demand is required to be presented, the expiry date will be extended to the first following business day.

E. Where to the knowledge of the guarantor, the guarantee has terminated

as a result of any of the reasons indicated In paragraph (B) above, but otherwise than upon the advent of the expiry date, the guarantor shall without delay so notify the instructing party or, where applicable, the counter guarantor and, in that case, the counter-guarantor shall so notify the instruction party.

Article 33

A.The guarantee is not transferable unless it specifically states it is

“transferable”, in which case it may be transferred more than once.

B.Even if the guarantee is expressed to be transferable, the guarantor

is not obliged effect to be a request to transfer a transferable guarantee except to the extent and in the manner expressly consented to by the guarantor.

C. For the purpose of this article:

i. A transferable guarantee may be transferred to a new beneficiary

(“transferee”) at the request of the existing beneficiary

(“transferor”)

ii. A transferred guarantee means a guarantee that has been made available by the guarantor to the transferee after the transferor has relinquished all its rights thereunder;

iii. The transferable guarantee shall include all amendments to which the transferor and guarantor have agreed as of the date of

transfer;

iv. A transferable guarantee can only be transferred where, in addition to the conditions stated in paragraphs (a)and(b)and(c)(iii)above, the transferor has provided a statement in writing to the guarantor that the transferee has acquired the transferor’s rights and

obligations in the underlying relationship on which the guarantee is based;

D. Unless otherwise agreed at the time of transfer, all charges incurred

in respect of a transfer must be paid by the transferor.

E. Under a transferred guarantee, a demand and any supporting statement

must be signed by the transferee and the name of that transferee may be used in place of the name of the transferor in any other document.

to prefer enhanced certainty in requiring the transferee to sign the statement of breach, irrespective of when the breach has actually occurred.

F. Whether or not the guarantee states that it is transferable, and subject to the provisions of the applicable law:

i. The beneficiary may assign any proceeds to which it may become

entitled under the guarantee; and

ii. The guarantor shall not be obliged to pay an assignee of such proceeds unless the guarantor has agreed to do so.

Article 34

A. Unless otherwise provided in the guarantee, its governing law shall

be that of the location of the g uarantor’s branch or office that issued the guarantee.

B. Unless otherwise provided in the counter-guarantee, its governing law

shall be that of the location of the counter guarantor’s branch or office that issued the counter guarantee.

Article 35

A．Unless otherwise provided in the guarantee, any dispute between the guarantor and the beneficiary relating to the guarantee shall be settled exclusively by the competent court of the country of the location of the guarantor’s branch or office that issued the guarantee.

B. Unless otherwise provided in the counter-guarantee, any dispute

between the counter guarantor and the guarantor relating to the counter-guarantee shall be settled exclusively by the competent court of the country of the location of the counter guarantor’s branch or office that issued the counter guarantee.

音乐常用词汇中英文对照

vibration 振动 sound 音 tone 音（乐音） musical tone 乐音 noise 噪音 acoustics 声学 psychoacoustics 心理声学 frequency 频率 intensity 强度 time 时间 wave form 波形 pitch 音高 loudness 响度 duration 时值 timbre 音色(tone color or quality) tuning fork 音叉 pure tone 纯音 complex tone 复音(composite tone) overtone(s) 泛音 (aliquot tone, harmonics, flageolet tone 即upper partials) overtone series 泛音列 partial(s) 分音(partial tone)

fundamental(tone) 基音(first partial) step 音级(scale step, degree) accidental(s) 变音记号 sharp 升号 flat 降号 double-sharp 重升号 double-flat 重降号 nature 还原号 intonation 音准 octave 八度 range 音域(compass) (voice) register 音区 small c 小字组c great C 大字组C contra C 大字二组C unaccented octave 小字组 one-lined octave 小字一组(one-line) two-lined octave 小字二组(two-line) three –lined octave 小字三组(three-line) four-line octave 小字四组(four-line) temperament 乐律 tempered scale 平均律(equal temperament)

色彩常用术语中英文对照

色彩常用术语中英文对照 2007-08-06 16:48:16 (已经被浏览7次) 一.红色类红色red 朱红vermeil; vermilion; ponceau 粉红pink; soft red; rose bloom 梅红plum;crimson;fuchsia red 玫瑰红rose madder; rose 桃红peach blossom; peach; carmine rose 樱桃红cherry; cerise 桔红reddish orange; tangerine; jacinth; salmon pink; salmon 石榴红garnet 枣红purplish red; jujube red; date red 莲红lotus red 浅莲红fuchsia pink 豉豆红bean red 辣椒红capsicum red 高粱红Kaoliang red 芙蓉红hibiscus red; poppy red; poppy 胭脂红rogue red ; carmine; cochineal; lake 鲑鱼红salmon 玳瑁红hawksbill turtle red 海螺红cadmium orange 宝石红ruby red 玛瑙红agate red 珊瑚红coral 金红bronze red 铁红iron oxide red 铁锈红rust red 镉红cadmium red 铬红chrome red 砖红brick red 土红laterite; reddle 郎窑红lang-kiln red 均红Jun-kiln red 釉底红underglaze red 威尼斯红Venetian red 法国红French vermilion 茜红alizarin red; madder red 洋红carmine; magenta 品红pinkish red; magenta 猩红scarlet red; scarlet; blood red 油红oil red 紫红purplish red; madder red; wine red; wine; carmine;amaranth; claret; fuchsia;

给排水常用名词中英文对照

给排水常用名词中英文对照 1、给水工程water supply engineering原水的取集和处理以及成品水输配的工程。 2、排水工程sewerage ,wastewater engineering收集、输送、处理和处置废水的工程。 3、给水系统water supply system给水的取水、输水、水质处理和配水等设施以一定方式组合成的总体。 4、排水系统sewerage system排水的收集、输送、水质处理和排放等设施以一定方式组合成的总体。 5、给水水源water source给水工程所取用的原水水体。 6、原水raw water由水源地取来的原料水。 7、地表水surface water 存在于地壳表面，暴露于大气的水。 8、地下水ground water存在于地壳岩石裂缝或工壤空隙中的水。 9、苦咸水(碱性水) brackish water ,alkaline water碱度大于硬度的水，并含大量中性盐，PH值大于7。 10、淡水fresh water含盐量小于500mg/L的水。 11、冷却水cooling water用以降低被冷却对象温度的水。 12、废水wastewater居民活动过程中排出的水及径流雨水的总称。它包括生活污水、工业废水和初雨径流以及流入排水管渠的其它水。 13、污水sewage ,wastewater受一定污染的来自生活和生产的排出水。 14、用水量water consumption 用水对象实际使用的水量。- 15、污水量wastewater flow ,sewage flow排水对象排入污水系统的水量。 16、用水定额water flow norm对不同的排水对象，在一定时期内制订相对合理的单位排水量的数值。 17、排水定额wastewater flow norm对不同的排水对象，在一定时期内制订相对合理的单位排水量的数值。 18、水质water quality在给水排水工程中，水的物理、化学、生物学等方面的性质。 19、渠道channel ,conduit天然、人工开凿、整治或砌筑的输水通道。 20、泵站pumping house设置水泵机组、电气设备和管道、闸阀等的房屋。 21、泵站pumping station泵房及其配套设施的总称。 22、给水处理water treatment对不符合用不对象水质要求的水。进行水质改善的过程。 23、污水处理sewage treatment ,wastewater treatment为使污水达到排水某一水体或再次使用的水质要求，对其进行净化的过程。 24、废水处理wastewater disposal对废水的最终安排。一般将废水排入地表水体、排放土地和再次使用等。 25、格栅bar screen一种栅条形的隔污设备，用以拦截水中较大尺寸的漂浮物或其他杂物。

天气预报常见名词中英文对照(改)

天气预报常见名词（易混淆）中英文对照 一热带气旋Tropical Cyclone 定义：俗称台风，发生在热带海洋上的一种具有暖心结构的逆时针强烈旋转的涡旋。 等级(由低到高)：缩写和全称 TC 热带气旋tropical cyclone TD 热带低压tropical depression TS 热带风暴tropical storm STS 强热带风暴severe tropical storm TY 台风typhoon STY 强台风severe typhoon Super TY 超强台风super typhoon PS不同海区热带气旋的不同名称—— ①发生在西北太平洋和南海海域的称之为台风typhoon ②发生在北大西洋、加勒比海、墨西哥湾、东北太平洋东部和东经160度以东的南太平洋 等海域的称之为飓风hurricane ③发生在北印度洋、孟加拉湾、阿拉伯海等海域的称之为气旋风暴cyclonic storm ④发生在东经160度以西的南太平洋和东经90度以东的东南印度洋等海域的则称之为强热带气旋severe tropical cyclone ⑤发生在西南印度洋的则称之为热带气旋tropical cyclone 其他衍生词汇： 台风中心附近最大风力：Maximum sustained wind speed of XX km/h 二天气现象名词 晴Sunny/Clear sky 多云cloudy 阴天Overcast 雾Smoggy/Foggy weather 霾Haze 冰雹Hail 零星小雨Scattered light rain 小雨Little Rain 阵雨showers 中雨Moderate Rain 大雨Heavy Rain

电气工程常用名词中英文对照表

Part1： 缩写全称中文 AC alternating current 交流电 AC automatic control 自动控制 ACA accident consequence assessment 事故后果评价 ACB air circuit breaker 空气断路器 ACC accident 故障、事故 ACCUM accumulate accumulate 累计、蓄电池 ACDS acourtic crack detection system 声裂纹检测系统 ACT/S active side 带电部件、有功部件 ACW anti-clockwise 反时针方向 ACW anti-clockwise 反时针方向 AD analog-digital 模拟-数字 AEOD analysis and evaluation of operational data 运行数据分析和管理 AFC automatic frequency control automatic following control 自动频率控制：自动跟踪控制 AI artificial intelligence 人工智能 ALT alternate 交变的、交替的 ALTNTR alternator 同步发电机 AM ammeter 电流表 AMP ampere 安培 AN air natural cooled 空气自然冷却 AOC automatic overload control 自动过载控制 APC automatic plant coordinate control automatic power control 机组自动协调控制：自动功率控制 APP appendix auxiliary power plant 附录：辅助电源设备 APS acessory power supply 辅助电源 APU auxiliary power unit 辅助动力装置：辅助电源设备 ARM armature 电枢、衔铁 ASR automatic speed run up 自动升速 ASU automatic synchronizing unit 自动同步系统 AT auxiliary transformer 辅助变压器 AUS auxiliary switch 辅助开关 AUX auxiliany 辅助、备用 A VL automatic voltage control 自动电压控制 A VR automatic voltage regulator 自动调压器 BAT battery 电池 BD block decrease 闭锁减 BDUC bus duct 母线导管、母线沟 BDV blowdown voltage 击穿电压 BF back feed 反馈 BHP brake horse power 制动马力 BI block increase 闭锁增

化妆品常用词汇中英文对照

一、化妆品类别 二、功效类 三、彩妆类 四、常见名称 五、化妆品 INGREDIENTS(成份)中文标示简介 一、化妆品类别 护?? 肤：skin care 洗面奶：facial cleanser/face wash(Foaming,milky,cream,Gel) 爽肤水：toner/astringent 紧肤水：firming lotion 柔肤水：toner/smoothing toner （facial mist/facial spray/comple xion mist） 护肤霜：moisturizers and creams 精华：serum/essence 喷雾：spa water/spray 乳液：fluid 保?? 湿：moisturizer 隔离霜，防晒：sun screen/sun block 美白：whitening 露：lotion，霜：cream 日霜：day cream 晚霜：night cream 眼部GEL: eye gel 面膜: facial mask/masque 眼膜: eye mask 护唇用：Lip care

口红护膜：Lip coat 磨砂膏: facial scrub 去黑头: (deep) pore cleanser/striper pore refining 去死皮: Exfoliating Scrub 润肤露（身体）:bodylotion/moisturizer 护手霜: hand lotion/moisturizer 沐浴露: body wash 二、功效类 Acne/Spot（青春痘用品） Active（赋活用） After sun（日晒后用品） Alcohol-free（无酒精） Anti-（抗、防） Anti- wrinkle（抗老防皱） Balancing（平衡酸硷） Clean-/Purify-（清洁用） Combination（混合性皮肤） Dry（干性皮肤） Essence（精华液） Facial（脸部用） Fast/Quick dry（快干） Firm（紧肤） Foam（泡沫） Gentle（温和的）

常用名词中英文对照

网络安全方面的专业词汇中英文对照 Access Control List（ACL）访问控制列表access token 访问令牌 account lockout 帐号封锁 account policies 记帐策略 accounts 帐号 adapter 适配器 adaptive speed leveling 自适应速率等级调整Address Resolution Protocol(ARP) 地址解析协议Administrator account 管理员帐号 ARPANET 阿帕网（internet的前身） algorithm 算法 alias 别名 allocation 分配、定位 alias 小应用程序 allocation layer 应用层 API 应用程序编程接口 anlpasswd 一种与Passwd+相似的代理密码检查器applications 应用程序 ATM 异步传递模式 attack 攻击

audio policy 审记策略 auditing 审记、监察 back-end 后端 borde 边界 borde gateway 边界网关breakabie 可破密的 breach 攻破、违反 cipher 密码 ciphertext 密文 CAlass A domain A类域CAlass B domain B类域 CAlass C domain C类域classless addressing 无类地址分配cleartext 明文 CSNW Netware客户服务 client 客户，客户机 client/server 客户机/服务器 code 代码 COM port COM口（通信端口）CIX 服务提供者 computer name 计算机名

音乐常用术语中英文对照

音乐常用术语 A a tempo 回原速 abbandono无拘无束的，纵情的 acoustic声音学的，音响效果的 a cappella无伴奏合唱 a capriccio无事先准备的，随意发挥的accel 加快的，accelerado的缩写accentato加重音的，加重的 adagio慢板 agitato激动地 Adagio 柔板 Adagio assai 很慢的柔板 Andante 行板 Andantino 小行板 affettato 矫柔造作的 affettatamente装模作样的 affettuoso感情丰富的 affrettando快速的 Allegretto non troppo 不过分的小快板Allegretto poco mosso 稍快的小快板album专集，音乐集 alla marcia进行曲风格 alla如同……一样的 alla francese法兰西风格 alla polacca波拉卡风格 alla spagnuola西班牙风格 alla turca土耳其风格 all arg逐渐加强，逐渐变慢，声音愈加饱满allegramente欢快的，兴致昂然的allegrissimo极快的 allegretto稍快板 allegro快板，急速的，快节奏的 alt最高调，最高调的 altieramente极快的 alto clef 中音谱号 amabile和蔼可亲的，可爱的amorosamente温柔的，亲爱的 amoroso温柔的，亲爱的 andante行板，行板乐曲，缓慢的 a nimato活泼的，富有生气的，快的 aperto开朗的 appassionato热情奔放的，热心的 attacca紧接下段

常用的品质管理名词(中英文对照).

常用的品质管理名词（中英文对照） QE=品质工程师（Quality Engineer） MSA: Measurement System Analysis 量测系统分析 LCL: Lower Control limit 管制下限 Control plan 管制计划 Correction 纠正 Cost down 降低成本 CS: customer Sevice 客户中心 Data 数据 Data Collection 数据收集 Description 描述 Device 装置 Digital 数字 Do 执行 DOE: Design of Experiments 实验设计 Environmental 环境 Equipment 设备 FMEA: Failure Mode and Effect analysis 失效模式与效果分析FA: Failure Analysis 坏品分析 FQA: Final Quality Assurance 最终品质保证 FQC: Final Quality control 最终品质控制 Gauge system 量测系统 Grade 等级 Inductance 电感 Improvement 改善 Inspection 检验 IPQC: In Process Quality Control 制程品质控制 IQC: Incoming Quality Control 来料品质控制 ISO: International Organization for Standardization 国际标准组织LQC: Line Quality Control 生产线品质控制 LSL: Lower Size Limit 规格下限 Materials 物料 Measurement 量测 Occurrence 发生率 Operation Instruction 作业指导书 Organization 组织 Parameter 参数 Parts 零件 Pulse 脉冲 Policy 方针 Procedure 流程 Process 过程 Product 产品 Production 生产

常用名词中英文对照

常用名词中英文对照 CMV 控制机械通气（continuous mandatory ventilation） IMV 间歇指令通气（intermittent mandatory ventilation） IPPV 间歇正压通气（intermittent positive preassure ventilation） SIMV 同步间歇指令通气（synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation）SIPPV 同步间歇正压通气 CPAP 连续气道正压（continuous positive airway preassure） PSV 压力支持通气（preassure support ventilation） NCPAP 经鼻连续气道正压(Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) BiPAP(DuoPAP) 双水平气道正压（bilevel or biphasic positive airway preassure）A/CV：辅助/控制通气，assist-control ventilation；与SIPPV相同； VTi 吸入潮气量 VTe 呼出潮气量 VTe avrg 平均呼出潮气量 MV 分钟通气量 PIP 或Peak Pressure 或Peak Inspiratory Pressure峰值吸入压力 PEEP 呼气末正压 Mean Pressure 平均气道压力 BPD支气管发育不良 IRDS新生儿呼吸窘迫症、新生儿肺透明膜病 MAS胎粪吸入综合症 Milliliter 或ml 毫升 P Insp 吸气压力 Trig Level、Trigger Level 触发灵敏度 Trig V ol 触发容量 Base Flow –基础流量或最小流量，呼气相回路中流量 Inspiration 吸气 Expiration 呼气 Respiration 呼吸 Inspiratory 吸气的 Expiratory 呼气的 Respiratory 呼吸的 I time 吸气时间 E time 呼气时间 Oxygen 氧、氧气 Compliance 顺应性 Dynamic Compliance 动态顺应性 Static Compliance 静态顺应性 Resistance 阻力 Leak、leakage 泄漏 Ventilation 通气 C20/C 最后20％呼吸的顺应性与总的肺部顺应性的比值 I:E吸呼比，FiO2 吸入氧浓度

常用大数据词汇中英文对照表

常用大数据词汇中英文对照表 A 聚合(Aggregation) –搜索、合并、显示数据的过程 算法(Algorithms) –可以完成某种数据分析的数学公式 分析法(Analytics) –用于发现数据的内在涵义 异常检测(Anomaly detection) –在数据集中搜索与预期模式或行为不匹配的数据项。除了“Anomalies”,用来表示异常的词有以下几种：outliers, exceptions, surprises, contaminants.他们通常可提供关键的可执行信息 匿名化(Anonymization) –使数据匿名，即移除所有与个人隐私相关的数据 应用(Application) –实现某种特定功能的计算机软件 人工智能(Artificial Intelligence) –研发智能机器和智能软件，这些智能设备能够感知周遭的环境，并根据要求作出相应的反应，甚至能自我学习 B 行为分析法(Behavioural Analytics) –这种分析法是根据用户的行为如“怎么做”，“为什么这么做”，以及“做了什么”来得出结论，而不是仅仅针对人物和时间的一门分析学科，它着眼于数据中的人性化模 式 大数据科学家(Big Data Scientist) –能够设计大数据算法使得大数据变得有用的人 大数据创业公司(Big data startup) –指研发最新大数据技术的新兴公司 生物测定术(Biometrics) –根据个人的特征进行身份识别 B字节(BB: Brontobytes) –约等于1000 YB(Yottabytes)，相当于未来数字化宇宙的大小。1 B字节包含了27个0! 商业智能(Business Intelligence) –是一系列理论、方法学和过程，使得数据更容易被理解 C 分类分析(Classification analysis) –从数据中获得重要的相关性信息的系统化过程; 这类数据也被称为 元数据(meta data),是描述数据的数据 云计算(Cloud computing) –构建在网络上的分布式计算系统，数据是存储于机房外的(即云端) 聚类分析(Clustering analysis) –它是将相似的对象聚合在一起，每类相似的对象组合成一个聚类(也叫作簇)的过程。这种分析方法的目的在于分析数据间的差异和相似性 冷数据存储(Cold data storage) –在低功耗服务器上存储那些几乎不被使用的旧数据。但这些数据检索起来将会很耗时 对比分析(Comparative analysis) –在非常大的数据集中进行模式匹配时，进行一步步的对比和计算过程得到分析结果 复杂结构的数据(Complex structured data) –由两个或多个复杂而相互关联部分组成的数据，这类数据不能简单地由结构化查询语言或工具(SQL)解析 计算机产生的数据(Computer generated data) –如日志文件这类由计算机生成的数据 并发(Concurrency) –同时执行多个任务或运行多个进程 相关性分析(Correlation analysis) –是一种数据分析方法，用于分析变量之间是否存在正相关，或者负相关 客户关系管理(CRM: Customer Relationship Management) –用于管理销售、业务过程的一种技术，大 数据将影响公司的客户关系管理的策略 D 仪表板(Dashboard) –使用算法分析数据，并将结果用图表方式显示于仪表板中 数据聚合工具(Data aggregation tools) –将分散于众多数据源的数据转化成一个全新数据源的过程

股市常用词汇中英文对照

股市常用词汇中英文对照 浏览字体：大中小 Shares 【英】【复】股票（＝【美】stock） Blue chip shares （投资比较安全的）热门股票Stocks （企业的）股份总额，股本，股票 Blue chip stocks 蓝筹股，最佳股票 Equities 【英】【复】（无固定利息的）股票，证券Stock exchange 股票交易市场 Stock market 股市 Bourse （尤其巴黎的）外币市场 Listed报价，提出价格，列于表上 Quoted 报价，提出价格，列于表上 Brokers （替人买卖股票、证券等之）经纪人Dealers 商人，贩子，掮客 Traders 交易者 Invest 投资，投资于 Investment 投资 Investors 投资者 Shareholders 股票持有者，股东

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