托福听力讲义 非常详细

新托福强化听力讲义新托福考试听力部分介绍

1. 新托福和旧托福的对比

2. 题量，时间，分数

3. 题目的考查形式

考场环境：独立电脑，耳机，铅笔，草稿本

电脑环境：图片，视频，声音，板书

新题型：双选题，重听题，表格配对题

答题时间：总时间限制，每题分配时间不限

答题流程：永不悔改

4. 文章材料的考查形式

文章结构：删除了旧托福的PART A 部分，更加注重于对于能力的考查 文章长度：比旧托福长

文章语速：无所谓快慢，比旧托福更加贴近真实的学习生活

文章类型：对话，独白，讨论

CONVERSATION文章思路

LECTURE文章思路

5. 新托福考试题型概述

6. 界面展示

7. IBT新托福资料说明——听力部分

托福听力中的九大语音问题

1. 语速问题

托福听力过程中的语速问题

如何解决语速问题

2. 连读问题

托福听力过程中的连读问题

（1）关键性词语出现连读：否定形式

●not at all：The meeting yesterday wasn’t at all boring.

（2）常用性词语出现连读

●for him

连读中的基本规则

（1）辅音+元音连读

●I was found on the ground by the fountain about a field of a summer stride.

●Not at all.

●Rush hour.

●This dictionary is not exactly what I wanted but it will do.

●Travel agency, travel agent

（2）辅音+辅音连读

●Some money, bike key

（3）元音+元音连读

●Be on time

●An apple a day keeps the doctor away

（4）H连读

●I lent him a book.

●Larry is taking a lot of art, isn’t he?

●The stuff the nurse gave me seemed to have helped.

●I must have left my keys at my sister’s house.

●She learned to use the computer on her own.

（5）其他特殊连读

●【t】+【j】=【ch】：meet you, hurt you, that your

●【d】+【j】=【dg】：would you, hand your, did you

●【s】+【j】=【sh】：miss you, this year

●【z】+【j】=【g】：as usual, because you

●Example: won’t you, don’t you, didn’t you, haven’t you, hadn’t you, wouldn’t you,

weren’t you, last year, next year, not yet, did you, had you, would you, I advice you, I

use your, how’s your

如何解决连读问题

3. 失爆问题

托福听力过程中的失爆问题：【p】，【b】，【t】，【d】，【k】，【g】任意两个连续出现就会发生失爆现象

●Sit down, good night, friendly

●-this calculator isn’t working right.

-I think you’ve got the battery in upside down.

如何解决失爆问题

4. 略读问题

托福听力过程中的略读问题：书写时将两个或多个相邻的单词省略某些字母而连接起来

●I am = I’m, you have = you’ve, how is = how’s, that would = that’d

●Doesn’t, didn’t, shouldn’t, hadn’t, hasn’t, wouldn’t, won’t

●Official guide P199：OK. So we’ve talked about some different types of root systems of plants,

and I’ve shown you some pretty cool slides, but now I want to talk about the extent of the rot system- the overall size of the root system…the depth.

如何解决略读问题

●I’m, you’re, she’s, they’re, there’s, he’s, who’s

●We’ve, he’ll, she’d, she’ll, she’s, they’d, they’ve, they’ll

●Can’t, weren’t, won’t, are n’t, wouldn’t, shouldn’t

●Gotta, gonna

5. 弱读问题

托福听力过程中的弱读问题

（1）介词弱化：

●stay at home, do it for fun, come from China, go in the house, a cup of coffee, the train to

Paris

（2）代词弱化：

●Phone us when you are free.

●I’ve lost my book.

（3）连词弱化：

●Please give me some cream and sugar.

●Either Tom or Peter can come.

如何解决弱读问题

6. 英美音差异问题

托福听力过程中的英美音问题

（1）【r】音问题

●Idea, really

●They weren’t at the dorm last night.

(A) They went to the dormitory.

(B) They didn’t go to the dormitory.

●-The snow is really coming down, isn’t it?

-Rarely do we have so much snow in December.

-What does the man mean?

(A) it is typical December weather for this region.

(B) such a large amount of snow is unusual for this month.

（2）【o】【a:】

●Glass, class, fast

●Hot, box, rock

（3）其他情况

●Neither

如何解决英美音问题

●常见易混音：Course-cause, once more-one small, career-Korea, worse-was, bore-ball,

door-doll, core-call, tear-tea, short-shot

●不加儿化音的词：China, Australia, banana, wall

●常见英美音不同读法：Neither, either, record, cupboard, cassette, garage, laboratory, adult,

ordinary, secretary, dictionary

7. 词性变音问题

托福听力过程中的词性变音问题

●Method- methodically

●校园词汇的变音：meteorology, economics, geography

如何解决词性变音问题

8. Company-companion, library-librarian, geography-geographical, ignore-ignorant,

photo-photographer-photographic, declare-declaration, economy-economic-economical, invite-invitation, technology-technological, type-typical缩写问题

托福听力过程中的缩写问题

●Sitcom

●Chem lab

●prof

如何解决词性缩写问题

●Intro. Course = introductory course 导论性课Demo = demonstration 演示

●Memo = memorandum 备忘录Info. = Information 信息

●Expo = exposition 博览会Chem.= chemistry 化学

●Comm. = commerce 商业Tech = technology 技术

●Ad.= advertisement 广告Dorm = dormitory 寝室

●M.A. = Master of Arts 文学硕士M.S. = Master of Science 理学硕士

● B.A. =Bachelor of Arts文学士 B.S. = Bachelor of Science理学士

●alga = algebra 代数学、代数anat = anatomy 解剖学、解剖

●archit = architecture 建筑学、建筑arith = arithmetic 算术、算术

●astron = astronomy 天文学、天文eng = engineering工程学、工程

●electr = electricity电学、电fin = finance财政学、财政

●geol = geology地质学、地质geom = geometry几何学、几何

●gram = grammar文法hist = history历史、史

●ling = linguistics语言学、语言maths = mathematics数学、数学

●mech = mechanics 机械学、机械med = medical医学、医

●met = meteorology气象学、气象myth = mythology 神话

●phil = philosophy哲学phon = phonetics 语言学、语言

●photo = photography摄影术、摄影phys = physics物理学、物理

●physiol = physiology生理学、生理pol = politics政治学、政治

●psych = psychology心理学、心理

9. 数字问题

托福听力过程中的数字问题

如何解决词性数字问题

●逗号原则

●1,234,567,890:

●＝: equal to, the same as

●≠: difference

●↑: increase, promote, enhance, improve

●↓: decrease, fall, worsen

●＋: plus, add, besides, moreover

●－: minus, deduct, except

●→: result in, lead to

●←: originate from, date back to

●√: correct, good, positive, affirmative

●×: wrong, bad, mistaken, negative

●☆: outstanding, elite

●∵: because, owing to, thanks to, since, as

●∴: therefore, consequently, as a result, so, hence

●∑: total, amount

●γ: government

缩写

●able BL: PRBL，RSBL，DBL

●ing G: SHPG

●tion N: OPTN，NAN

●ment T: AGRMT

●ize Z: RCGNZ，OGNZ

●tive TV: EFCTV，

●ful FL: SCFL

●less LS: RGDLS

●ent/ant T: URGT

●al/ial L:ARVL

练习

Sample Script:

American universities have been offering classes online through computers for a number of years.

Now, some newly created colleges are offering academic degrees online. One university offers both bachelor’s degrees and master’s deg rees. Official say they try to provide students with a social experience as well as an educational one. For example, in some programs, groups of the same six students progress through all their classes together. They communicate by computer. Another online school uses a problem-solving method of teaching. Students attempt to solve real problems in their classes online instead of reading information.

Students who have taken online classes say they like them because they do not have to travel to building at a set time to listen to a professor. Professors say they have better communication with students through e-mail notes than they do in many traditional classes.

新托福听力文章套路

1. 托福听力中的重点原则

原则一：大写原则

原则二：开头结尾原则：3T-2M原则

原则三：重复原则

原则四：转折对比原则

原则五：强调原则

原则六：比较原则

原则七：建议原则

原则八：举例原则

原则九：现在原则

原则十：解释原则

原则十一：因果原则

原则十二：观点态度原则

原则十三：特殊问句原则

2. 举例：OFFICIAL GUIDE PRACTICE SET 1——CONVERSATION

3. 举例：OFFICIAL GUIDE PRACTICE SET 2——LECTURE

1. 课程相关事务场景

场景特点：主要涉及到一些和课程相关事项的解决方法。一定以conversation出现，常见话题有：安排考试，调课事宜，课程辅助材料等。

常见套路：

（1）和考试相关：考试分数；考试复习；安排考试；考试分数

（2）和课程相关：课程目的；课程类型；课程形式，课程作业

（3）和作业相关：作业类型；作业方法；交作业相关

（4）和论文相关：论文的分数

场景词汇：

●Discussion, presentation, topic, lecture, good choice, slide, library, collection, check, librarian

●Report, office hour, submit, on disk, hard copy, soft copy, computer, print, computer lab

●Project, ton of, cover, re-write, research data, information, input, complete

●Term paper, grade, complicated, terrible mistake, edited version, overtired, stressed, rushing

against the clock, mark, draft, print, final paper, maintaining average, application, drop, re-take, due, extention, discuss, check back, re-reading, submission

●Information, exam schedule, term, date, book, department, invigilator, sign up, sheet, bulletin

board, faculty lounge, square, draft, dean, review, draw up, manually, consult, register

●Physiology 100, sophomore, second year course, first year student, transfer, begin my first

lecture, introduce, complete, approach, laws of physics and chemistry, process of life, vital force, philosophical approach, scientific experimentation

●Final exam, midterm, multiple choice question, essay question, comprehensive exam, the

subject, review, textbook, class note, the final will count for 50% of your grade, research project, run into problems

●School bulletin, required writing course, first year student, third year stuent, research paper,

sign up, cover the entire process of writing a research paper, selecting topic, final format, presentation, hand in, assignment, final grade

●Class meeting, lecture, different concept, hand in, issue, revision, grade

●Research paper, due, proposed topics, make comment, the most frequent problem, broad,

preliminary outline, schedule, available, appointment, final outline, no more than two pages long, thesis statement, precise statement, conclusion

●Workshop, intensive, techniques and skills, personal attention, register, advantage

●Consecutive summer, community center, seminar, workshop, beginning students, advanced

students, last four weeks, credit is awarded, information

●Discuss, schedule, midterm, administer, attendance, optional class

场景例题：

2. 相关事务+专业讨论场景

场景特点：场景性开场白+中间专业内容+场景性结尾。开头老师常见的会有几种寒暄，结尾老师会总结收场，中间的专业段落在专业场景中会涉及。

常见套路：

（1）开头寒暄套路

（2）结尾总结套路

场景词汇：

场景例题：见专业段落

3. 选课场景

场景特点：一类是学生和学生之间讨论选课，一类是老师和学生之间讨论选课。开场白部分即可判定其为选课场景，文章内容和结构都相对固定。

常见套路：

（1）文章的主题：Why does the woma come to see the man? What is the topic of the conversation? What is the main subject of the conversation?

（2）老师对学生的疑问：What does the professor concern about?

●课程太难听不懂

●学生选课太多跟不上

●学生基础太差

（3）学生对自己情况的分析

（4）关于退课和放弃课程

（5）文章结尾的延伸：What is the teacher going to do next? What is the student going to do next?

What does the student feel at the end of the conversation?

场景词汇：

●Course, semester, summer session, elective, bird course, splendor, lecture hall, lab, tough

decision, pick, choose, grade, relaxed, paper, final exam, advice, sign up

●Enquiry, credit course, off-campus, program, remote, access, internet, degree, distance

education, diploma, requirement, format, print materials, audio-tapes, video, teleconferencing, deliver, cost, fixed date, history 490

●Drop, fail, math 101, rough, test, med school

●Use your advice, do premed, introductory course, non-science major, be weak in, do poorly in,

meet at the same time, modern drama course

●Semester, enroll in, graduate course, qualified, hard time keep up, favorite interest, challenging,

easy grade

●Permission to register, take the prerequisite, the beginning course, catalog, instructor, previous

experience, formal training, decision

●Signature, schedule card, advisor’s approval, quite a heavy load, drop the course, seminar

●Sign up for a noncredit course, intermediate level, grade, regular meeting

●Transfer, bachelor’s degree, associate, selective, letters of recommendation

●Hard course, rehearsal, extra time, once a week

●Flight program, degree, license, excellent reputation, selective,

场景例题：

4. 迟到旷课场景

场景特点：一个学生由于迟到或者旷课而向另外一个学生询问上课的内容。

常见套路：

（1）学生旷课迟到的理由：why was the man late for class?

●车坏了

●得病了

●睡过了

（2）所缺课程的主题：what is the topic of the professor’s leture which the man has missed?

（3）学生补课的套路

（4）结尾的保证：what does the man promise to do?

场景词汇：

●feel good, cover, lecture, point out, chapter, textbook, part, divide, project, focus, due, show up,

note, transcribe, email

●oversleep, talk about

●trouble with my car, lecture series, attend, admission

●fill me in something, dentist, emergency, missed somebody’s lecture, note, make sense

场景例题：

5. 转学场景

场景特点：学生想要转学或者转专业，可以涉及的话题还包括转专业申请文书的写作等。

常见套路：

（1）学生转学转专业的理由？why does the student go to see the professor? Why does the professor consider unusual about the student’s background?

（2）学生转学的特殊情况

（3）学生应该怎样去做

场景词汇：

●Public university, private university, community college, reputation, class size, personal

attention, individual attention, interact, group discussion, tuition, expense, cost, afford, affordable, location, environment, large city, small town, college town, top student, application, experience, special

6. 实验室场景

场景特点：有些课是在实验室上的，就会涉及到实验室专门的词汇和专业内容背景。

常见套路：

（1）实验室课程的专门用语

（2）实验室设备的专门用语

场景词汇：

●Laboratory, research procedure, lab assistant, retrieve information, track the course, monitor,

track the progress

●Lab instructor, lab experience, setup, equipment, result, grade, lab notebook, proper

precautions, protective goggles, toxic effect of chemicals, lab procedure, heavy metal

●Workbook, material, experiment, available

7. 图书馆场景

场景特点：学生和图书馆相关的场景，包括借书还书，图书馆设施，图书馆内遇到的问题麻烦等。

常见套路：

（1）美国大学图书馆的基本制度

（2）图书馆的基本部门设置和常见设施

（3）借书还书相关以及遇到的各种问题

场景词汇：

●Library, chek out, spread out, focus, jam, spot, crowd, comfy, far away

●Due, finish, renew, check, library card, late, mixed up, request, fine, overdue, pay, process, sign,

suspend, privilege

●Librarian, facilities, reference room, reference material, dictionary, bibliography, literature guide,

telephone book, periodical room, newspaper, magazine, academic journal, current issue, older

issue, card catalog, listed by title, by author and by topic, call number

●return, shelves, check out, reserve book, overnigh use

●secondhand bookstore, inscription, front cover, signature, poetry book

●paperback section, index

●exit gate, check out

●reserve, additional copy, article

场景例题：

8. 课堂内容讨论场景

场景特点：学生课下对于课堂的某些问题的讨论，可能涉及作业、教师等话题

常见套路：

（1）讨论课堂留下的作业。

（2）讨论老师教学质量。

（3）涉及课堂内容，比如学生没有听懂课下讨论上课的某一问题。

9. 奖学金场景

场景特点：学生与奖学金助学金相关的问题咨询工作人员。

常见套路：

（1）咨询奖学金的种类

（2）奖学金授予的资格：What can be inferred aout the qualifications to apply for bursaries?

（3）如何申请奖学金

（4）奖学金申请的材料

（5）申请到奖学金的可能性

（6）奖学金的网站：What is the student most likely to do after this conversation?

场景词汇：

●Scholarship, bursary, department, information, financial aid, monetary, grant, determine,

committee, donor, apply for, financially, in need, consider, out-of-town, requirement, website, on-line, submit, official, document, in person

●scholarship, available, maintain, average, mark, apply for, applicant, committee, honor, award,

exam, candidate, weight, guarantee, grade point average (GPA), percent, website, address, rigorous, extra-curricular, hardship, achievement, letter of recommendation, fill, time consuming job, recommend, eligibility, enrolment

场景例题：

10. 论文场景

场景特点：学生与写论文相关的问题和教授讨论。内容和结构相对固定。

常见套路：

（1）论文题目选定

（2）论文中包括的资料查找：What information will the man include in his report?

（3）老师对论文的后续服务：What does the professor offer to do for the man?

场景词汇：

●Organize, essay, topic, chosen, broad, narrow it down, compare, focused, interested, begin,

discussion, opinion, fact, support, idea, check, statistics, percentage, include, words, rough draft, outline, break down, subtopic, office hour, reference, material

●Research paper, discuss, topic, recommend, theory, work progress

●Report, subject, catalog, published source, gather material

●Information, plagiarize, failing grade, gather, note, assimilate the information thoroughly,

paraphrase, capture the mian idea, quote directly, finalize the research paper

●Draft, pass it out in our classes, clear up the problem

场景例题：

11. 实地考查场景

场景特点：指学生fieldtrip野外实地考查的相关，或者外出的各种活动，比如采访等等。

常见套路：

（1）Where? Fieldtrip的目的地

（2）When? 要去多久？何时走？何时回？

（3）Who? 哪些人去？哪个年级去？

（4）How? 怎么去？

（5）Why? 目的是什么？

（6）注意事项，比如带哪些东西，不带哪些东西

场景词汇：

●List, supply, on site, kit, notebook, axe, glove, instrument, measure, clean, cancel, weather,

clothes, outside, food, snack, transportation, transport, dig

●Trip leader, participate, report, field trip

场景例题：

12. 体育运动场景

场景特点：和学生体育运动相关的场景。重点掌握美国大学生所进行的常见体育运动。

常见套路：

（1）托福听力中曾经出现过的体育运动项目

（2）每个运动项目的标志词

（3）每个运动项目所常提及的话题

（4）每个运动项目的背景知识

场景词汇：

场景例题：

●Spring cycling season, regular hobby, physical fitness routine, bicyclist, expert riders

●Endurance test, recreational cyclists, racers

●Ski patrol, ski patroller, safety

●Physical education class, rock climbing, rope, belt, buckle, safety equipment, climbing trip

13. 游玩场景

场景特点：和学生出游度假等有关。可以设计度假旅游、周末休闲、郊游活动、电影音乐会等话题。 常见套路：

（1）出游的目的

（2）出游的具体计划

（3）出游的内容

（4）出游遇到的问题

场景词汇：

场景例题：

●Break, racket, reserve a court

●Rock concert, vacation, weather

14. 打工场景

场景特点：一类是招工场景；一类是学生之间、学生和老师之间谈论工作的场景。

常见套路：

（1）托福中学生经常从事的工作

●Teaching assistant, research assistant, lab assistant

●各种商业部门的工作

●家庭服务性工作

●与本专业、或比较有趣的工作

（2）工作的内容

（3）申请的手续和流程

●应聘的资格

●工作的待遇和时间

●手续问题

●工作的具体内容

场景词汇：

●Summer break, work, job, offer, excellent opportunity, practice, wonderful, dilemma, difficult

decision, plan, volunteer, NGO, chance, share, interesting, spend, accept, program, interview, company, application, apply for, money, advice

●Tough, exam, stressed, dread, cram the night, part-time, money, board, balance, hit the book,

energy, tired, sleep, consolation, get through, fun, fondness

●Announcement, hire, part-time assistant, experience, research, daily

●Laboratory assistant, fill out an application, fit into my schedule

●Variety of job opportunities, responsible for, volunteer, service, postions are open, link of

service, career training, program available, demand physical endurance, receive no salary, pay for living expense, housing and food allowance, additional information

●Internship program, advanced planning, career opportunities, working experience, short term

experience, permanent employment, full-time, academic credit, supervise, hand out, career advisory service, living expence

场景例题：

15. 学生组织活动场景

场景特点：学生介绍自己组织或者参与的一个活动。

常见套路：

（1）学生经常参加和组织的活动

●班级竞选

●减肥

●公益活动

（2）活动的目的：What is the main reason for the woman to participate this activity?

（3）分发handout：

（4）活动的具体内容

场景词汇：

●Run, marathon, motivator, back into shape, inspire, running buddies, positive, sponsor, tons of

money, cause

●Introduce, campus daily, volunteer, salary, ceremony, alumni

场景例题：

16. 报到注册场景

场景特点：新生报到注册时候遇到的问题。

常见套路：

（1）报到注册的时间

（2）报到注册的准备材料

（3）报到注册可能遇到的问题

场景词汇：

●Registration, time, determine, first year student, mail, designated date, specific time, admission

letter, continuing students, average, previous, session, pay, credit card, bank, teller, confirmation slip, in person

●Registration, date, newly admitted student, undergraduate, junior, sophomore, returning

student, senior, check, pay attention, time, register, designated time, pay, fee, financial aid, financial officer, sponsor, authorization letter, on-line

场景例题：

17. 校园生活场景

场景特点：关于学生租房子或者宿舍相关的话题场景。

常见套路：

（1）房子条件差

（2）与室友很难相处

（3）找房子租

（4）学校房子的管理制度

场景词汇：

●Move, accent, pod, international group, major, lucky, excellent, booklet, regulation, rule,

conductive, quiet policy, self-policed, problem, allow, smoke, cook, plug, dryer, voltage, alarm, kitchen, leftover, clean-up day, hot water, meter, washroom, laundry facility, basement, conserving energy, lounge area, heat, air-conditioning, atorage area, permit, hallway, community space, prior notification, safe, valuable, housekeeper, vacuum cleaner, lock, key, check, fire prevention equipment, cover, overnight visitor, arrange, in advance, religious propaganda, dorm, furnishing, park

●Roommate, dormitory, unpacking our things, neat

●Housing office, living off campus, cost, rent, utilities, need a car to commute, noisy, peace and

quiet

●Winter break, dean, vacation arrangement, fill up the forms, heating cost, temporary

accommodation

●Housing director, checkout procedure, leave for vacation, return your key, summer

maintenance crew, residence advisor, pass around

●Apartment, dump, functional, noisy

场景例题：

18. 医院场景

场景特点：关于学生看病和医院相关的场景。

常见套路：

（2）常见病症的词汇

（3）常见治疗手段的词汇