国际经济学第一章英文版
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 What Is International Economics About?
1) Historians of economic thought often describe ________ written by ________ and published in ________ as
the first real exposition of an economic model.
A) "Of the Balance of Trade," David Hume, 1776
B) "Wealth of Nations," David Hume, 1758
C) "Wealth of Nations," Adam Smith, 1758
D) "Wealth of Nations," Adam Smith, 1776
E) "Of the Balance of Trade," David Hume, 1758
Answer: E
Question Status: Previous Edition
2) From 1959 to 2004,
A) the U.S. economy roughly tripled in size.
B) U.S. imports roughly tripled in size.
C) the share of US Trade in the economy roughly tripled in size.
D) U.S. Imports roughly tripled as compared to U.S. exports.
E) U.S. exports roughly tripled in size.
Answer: C
Question Status: Previous Edition
3) The United States is less dependent on trade than most other countries because
A) the United States is a relatively large country.
B) the United States is a "Superpower."
C) the military power of the United States makes it less dependent on anything.
D) the United States invests in many other countries.
E) many countries invest in the United States.
Answer: A
Question Status: Previous Edition
4) Ancient theories of international economics from the 18th and 19th Centuries are
A) not relevant to current policy analysis.
B) are only of moderate relevance in today's modern international economy.
C) are highly relevant in today's modern international economy.
D) are the only theories that actually relevant to modern international economy.
E) are not well understood by modern mathematically oriented theorists.
Answer: C
Question Status: Previous Edition
5) An important insight of international trade theory is that when countries exchange goods and services one
with the other it
A) is always beneficial to both countries.
B) is usually beneficial to both countries.
C) is typically beneficial only to the low wage trade partner country.
D) is typically harmful to the technologically lagging country.
E) tends to create unemployment in both countries.
Answer: B
Question Status: Previous Edition
B) trade is likely to be harmful to the country with the high wages.
C) trade is likely to be harmful to the country with the low wages.
D) trade is likely to be harmful to neither country.
E) trade is likely to have no effect on either country.
Answer: D
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7) Benefits of international trade are limited to
A) tangible goods.
B) intangible goods.
C) all goods but not services.
D) services.
E) None of the above.
Answer: E
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8) Which of the following does not belong?
A) NAFTA
B) Uruguay Round
C) World Trade Organization
D) None Tariff Barriers
E) None of the above.
Answer: D
Question Status: Previous Edition
9) International economics does not use the same fundamental methods of analysis as other branches of
economics, because
A) the level of complexity of international issues is unique.
B) the interactions associated with international economic relations is highly mathematical.
C) international economics takes a different perspective on economic issues.
D) international economic policy requires cooperation with other countries.
E) None of the above.
Answer: E
Question Status: New
10) Because the Constitution forbids restraints on interstate trade,
A) the U.S. may not impose tariffs on imports from NAFTA countries.
B) the U.S. may not affect the international value of the $ U.S.
C) the U.S. may not put restraints on foreign investments in California if it involves a financial
intermediary in New York State.
D) the U.S. may not impose export duties.
E) None of the above
Answer: E
Question Status: New
B) the balance of payments
C) exchange rate determination
D) Bilateral trade relations with China
E) None of the above
Answer: D
Question Status: New
12) "Trade is generally harmful if there are large disparities between countries in wages."
A) This is generally true.
B) This is generally false.
C) Trade theory has nothing to say about this issue.
D) This is true if the trade partner ignores child labor laws.
E) This is true if the trade partner uses prison labor.
Answer: B
Question Status: New
13) Who sells what to whom
A) has been a major preoccupation of international economics.
B) is not a valid concern of international economics.
C) is not considered important for government foreign trade policy since such decisions are made in the
private competitive market.
D) is determined by political rather than economic factors.
E) None of the above
Answer: A
Question Status: New
14) The insight that patterns of trade are primarily determined by international differences in labor productivity
was first proposed by
A) Adam Smith.
B) David Hume.
C) David Ricardo.
D) Eli Heckscher.
E) Lerner and Samuelson.
Answer: C
Question Status: New
15) Since the mid 1940s, the United States, has pursued a broad policy of
A) strengthening "Fortress America" protectionism.
B) removing barriers to international trade.
C) isolating Iran and other axes of evil.
D) protecting the U.S. from the economic impact of oil producers.
E) None of the above.
Answer: B
Question Status: New
B) the U.S. economy cannot grow when the balance of payments is in deficit.
C) the U.S. has run huge trade deficits in every year since 1982.
D) the U.S. never experienced a surplus in its balance of payments.
E) None of the above.
Answer: C
Question Status: New
17) The euro, a common currency for most of the nations of Western Europe, was introduced
A) before 1900.
B) before 1990.
C) before 2000.
D) in order to snub the pride of the U.S.
E) None of the above.
Answer: C
Question Status: New
18) During the first three years of its existence, the euro
A) depreciated against the $U.S.
B) maintained a strict parity with the $U.S.
C) strengthened against the $U.S.
D) proved to be an impossible dream.
E) None of the above.
Answer: A
Question Status: New
19) The study of exchange rate determination is a relatively new part of international economics, since,
A) for much of the past century, exchange rates were fixed by government action.
B) the calculations required for this were not possible before modern computers became available.
C) economic theory developed by David Hume demonstrated that real exchange rates remain fixed over
time.
D) dynamic overshooting asset pricing models are a recent theoretical development.
E) None of the above
Answer: A
Question Status: New
20) A fundamental problem in international economics is how to produce
A) a perfect degree of monetary harmony.
B) an acceptable degree of harmony among the international trade
policies of different countries.
C) a world government that can harmonize trade and monetary policies
D) a counter-cyclical monetary policy so that all countries will not be adversely affected by a financial
crisis in one country.
E) None of the above.
Answer: B
Question Status: New
B) by the International Monetary Fund.
C) by the World.
D) by an international treaty known as the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT).
E) None of the above.
Answer: D
Question Status: New
22) The international capital market is
A) the place where you can rent earth moving equipment anywhere in the world.
B) a set of arrangements by which individuals and firms exchange money now for promises to pay in the
future.
C) the arrangement where banks build up their capital by borrowing from the Central Bank.
D) the place where emerging economies accept capital invested by banks.
E) None of the above.
Answer: B
Question Status: New
23) International capital markets experience a kind of risk not faced in domestic capital markets, namely
A) "economic meltdown" risk.
B) Flood and hurricane crisis risk.
C) the risk of unexpected downgrading of assets by Standard and Poor.
D) exchange rate risk.
E) None of the above.
Answer: D
Question Status: New
24) Since 1994, trade rules have been enforced by
A) the WTO.
B) the G10.
C) the GATT.
D) The U.S. Congress.
E) None of the above.
Answer: A
Question Status: New
25) In 1998 an economic and financial crisis in South Korea caused it to experience
A) a surplus in their balance of payments.
B) a deficit in their balance of payments.
C) a balanced balance of payments.
D) an unbalanced balance of payments.
E) None of the above.
Answer: A
Question Status: New
trade meeting in Seattle of
A) the OECD.
B) NAFTA.
C) WTO.
D) GATT.
E) None of the above.
Answer: C
Question Status: New
27) International Economists cannot discuss the effects of international trade or recommend changes in
government policies toward trade with any confidence unless they know
A) their theory is the best available.
B) their theory is internally consistent.
C) their theory passes the "reasonable person" legal criteria.
D) their theory is good enough to explain the international trade that is actually observed.
E) None of the above.
Answer: D
Question Status: New
28) Trade theorists have proven that the gains from trade
A) must raise the economic welfare of every country engaged in trade.
B) must raise the economic welfare of everyone in every country engaged in trade.
C) must harm owners of "specific" factors of production.
D) will always help "winners" by an amount exceeding the losses of "losers."
E) None of the above.
Answer: E
Question Status: New
1.2 International Economics: Trade and Money
1) Cost-benefit analysis of international trade
A) is basically useless.
B) is empirically intractable.
C) focuses attention primarily on conflicts of interest within countries.
D) focuses attention on conflicts of interests between countries.
E) None of the above.
Answer: C
Question Status: Previous Edition
2) An improvement in a country's balance of payments means a decrease in its balance of payments deficit, or
an increase in its surplus. In fact we know that a surplus in a balance of payments
A) is good.
B) is usually good.
C) is probably good.
D) may be considered bad.
E) is always bad.
Answer: D
Question Status: Previous Edition
A) an international treaty.
B) an international U.N. agency.
C) an international IMF agency.
D) a U.S. government agency.
E) a collection of tariffs.
Answer: A
Question Status: Previous Edition
4) The international debt crisis of early 1982 was precipitated when ________ could not pay its international
debts.
A) Russia
B) Mexico
C) Brazil
D) Malaysia
E) China
Answer: B
Question Status: Previous Edition
5) International economics can be divided into two broad sub-fields
A) macro and micro.
B) developed and less developed.
C) monetary and barter.
D) international trade and international money.
E) static and dynamic.
Answer: D
Question Status: Previous Edition
6) International monetary analysis focuses on
A) the real side of the international economy.
B) the international trade side of the international economy.
C) the international investment side of the international economy.
D) the issues of international cooperation between Central Banks.
E) None of the above.
Answer: E
Question Status: New
7) The distinction between international trade and international money is not useful since
A) real developments in the trade accounts have monetary implications.
B) the balance of payments includes both real and financial implications.
C) developments caused by purely monetary changes have real effects.
D) trade models focus on real, or barter relationships.
E) None of the above.
Answer: E
Question Status: New
What are the logical underpinnings of this argument?
Answer: Yes. They do not have sufficient resources to satisfy consumption needs; and also do not have a sufficiently large market to enable their industries to avail themselves of scale economy possibilities.
Another answer would rely on a location argument. Assume that the "natural" market for any given
plant is a circle with a radius of n miles with the plant at its center. Assuming that the production
plants are located randomly throughout the country, then the probability that the typical circular
market will encompass some foreign country is greater the smaller is the country.
Question Status: Previous Edition
9) It is argued that if a rich high wage country such as the United States were to expand trade with a relatively
poor and low wage country such as Mexico, then U.S. industry would migrate south, and U.S. wages would fall to the level of Mexico's. What do you think about this argument?
Answer: The student may think anything. The purpose of the question is to set up a discussion, which will lead to the models in the following chapters.
Question Status: Previous Edition
10) Some patterns of international trade are easier to explain than others. Give several examples and explain.
Answer: Historical circumstance can explain some patterns such as the relatively large trade flows from West Africa to France. The relatively sparse trade between countries within South America seems curious.
Question Status: Previous Edition
11) International trade tends to prove that international trade is beneficial to all trading countries. However,
casual observation notes that official obstruction of international trade flows is widespread. How might you reconcile these two facts?
Answer: This question is meant to allow students to offer preliminary discussions of issues, which will be explored in depth later in the book.
Question Status: Previous Edition
12) It is argued that small countries tend have more open economies than large ones. Is this empirically verified?
What are the logical underpinnings of this argument?
Answer: Yes. They do not have sufficient resources to satisfy consumption needs; and also do not have a sufficiently large market to enable their industries to avail themselves of scale economy possibilities.
Another answer would rely on a location argument. Assume that the "natural" market for any given
plant is a circle with a radius of n miles with the plant at its center. Assuming that the production
plants are located randomly throughout the country, then the probability that the typical circular
market will encompass some foreign country is greater the smaller is the country.
Question Status: Previous Edition
13) It is argued that if a rich high wage country such as the United States were to expand trade with a relatively
poor and low wage country such as Mexico, then U.S. industry would migrate south, and U.S. wages would fall to the level of Mexico's. What do you think about this argument?
Answer: The student may think anything. The purpose of the question is to set up a discussion, which will lead to the models in the following chapters.
Question Status: Previous Edition
14) Some patterns of international trade are easier to explain than others. Give several examples and explain.
Answer: Historical circumstance can explain some patterns such as the relatively large trade flows from West Africa to France. The relatively sparse trade between countries within South America seems curious.
Question Status: Previous Edition
casual observation notes that official obstruction of international trade flows is widespread. How might you reconcile these two facts?
Answer: This question is meant to allow students to offer preliminary discussions of issues, which will be explored in depth later in the book.
Question Status: Previous Edition
16) International Trade theory is one of the oldest areas of applied economic policy analysis. It is also an area for
which data was relatively widely available very early on. Why do you suppose this is the case?
Answer: In ancient times, public finance was not well developed. Most of the population was not producing and consuming within well-developed market economies, so that income and sales taxes were not
efficient. One of the most convenient ways for governments to obtain resources was to set up custom
posts at borders and tax. Hence international trade was of great policy interest to princes and kings, as
was precise data of their main tax base.
Question Status: Previous Edition
17) The figure above is the Production Possibility Frontier (PPF) of Baccalia, where only two products are
produced, clothing and wine. In fact Baccalia is producing on its PPF at point A. By and large the people of Baccalia are content, as both their external and internal needs for warmth are satisfied in the most
economically efficient manner possible, given their available productive resources (and known technology).
How much wine is being produced? How much cloth? If a person in this country wanted to purchase a liter of wine, what would be the price he or she would have to pay?
Judging from what you learned in the previous paragraph, can you indicate at which point (if at all) the Community Indifference Curve is tangent to the Production Possibility Frontier? Explain your reasoning.
Answer: 6 million liters of wine are being produced.
3 million square yards of cloth are being produced.
The price of 1 liter of wine is one half of a square yard of cloth.
The tangency is at point A. We know this because otherwise the country would not be producing at
the point of maximum economic efficiency.
Question Status: Previous Edition
18) One day, Baccalia joined the WTO and joined the Global Village. They discovered that in the LWE (London
Wine Exchange), 1 liter of wine is worth 1 square yard of cloth. What is the logical production point they should strive for? (See figure.)
Answer: 10 million liters of wine.
Question Status: Previous Edition
19) Baccalia wishes to enjoy to the fullest from the gains from trade, but is not willing to give up imbibing even
one drop of wine from the 6 million liters they consumed in their original autarkic state. If their new
consumption point is a point we shall designate as point b, describe where this point would be found. (See figure.)
Answer: Vertically above point a
Question Status: Previous Edition
20) Where is the Community Indifference Curve family of curves tangent to their new Consumption Possibility
Frontier?
Answer: At point b.
Question Status: Previous Edition
21) How can you prove that Baccalia has in fact gained from the availability of trade, and that their new
situation is superior to the pre-trade situation (with which they were quite content)?
Answer: The country was consuming at point a before trade. It is now consuming at point b with trade. Point b represents a superior welfare combination of goods as compared to point a, since at b the country has
more of each of the goods.
Question Status: Previous Edition
国际经济学作业答案第一章
Chapter 1 Introduction Multiple Choice Questions Historians of economic thought often describe ___________ written by _______ and published in __________ as the first real exposition of an economic model. “Of the Balance of Trade,” David Hume, 1776 “Wealth of Nations,” David Hume, 1758 “Wealth of Nations,” Adam Smith, 1758 “Wealth of Nations,” Adam Smith, 1776 “Of the Balance of Trade,” David Hume, 1758 Answer: E From 1959 to 2000, the U.S. economy roughly tripled in size. U.S. imports roughly tripled in size. the share of US Trade in the economy roughly tripled in size. U.S. Imports roughly tripled as compared to U.S. exports. U.S. exports roughly tripled in size. Answer: C The United States is less dependent on trade than most other countries because the United States is a relatively large country. the United States is a “Superpower.” the military power of the United States makes it less dependent on anything. the United States invests in many other countries. many countries invest in the United States. Answer: A Ancient theories of international economics from the 18th and 19th Centuries are: not relevant to current policy analysis. are only of moderate relevance in today’s modern international economy. are highly relevant in today’s modern internationa l economy. are the only theories that actually relevant to modern international economy. are not well understood by modern mathematically oriented theorists. Answer: C
李坤望《国际经济学》课后习题答案
第一章 1．为什么说在决定生产和消费时，相对价格比绝对价格更重要? 答案提示：当生产处于生产边界线上，资源则得到了充分利用，这时，要想增加某一产品的生产，必须降低另一产品的生产，也就是说，增加某一产品的生产是有机会机本（或社会成本）的。生产可能性边界上任何一点都表示生产效率和充分就业得以实现，但究竟选择哪一点，则还要看两个商品的相对价格，即它们在市场上的交换比率。相对价格等于机会成本时，生产点在生产可能性边界上的位置也就确定了。所以，在决定生产和消费时，相对价格比绝对价格更重要 2．仿效图1—6和图1—7，试推导出Y商品的国民供给曲线和国民需求曲线。 答：参见教材第一章第二节内容，将图1－6a中，以横坐标表示y商品的供给，以纵坐标表示x商品供给，得出相应生产可能性边界线，然后将图1－6b中，以横坐标表示y商品供给，以纵坐标表示y的相对价格，通过类似推导可得出国民供给曲线，国民需求曲线作类似推导可得。 3．在只有两种商品的情况下，当一个商品达到均衡时，另外一个商品是否也同时达到均衡? 答：两种商品同时达到均衡。一种商品均衡时，由其相对价格，机会成本，需求可知另一种商品得相对价格，机会成本和需求。 4．如果生产可能性边界是一条直线，试确定过剩供给（或需求）曲线。 答案提示：略，参见书上 5．如果改用Y商品的过剩供给曲线（B国）和过剩需求曲线（A国）来确定国际均衡价格，那么所得出的结果与图1—13中的结果是否一致? 答案提示：国际均衡价格将依旧处于贸易前两国相对价格的中间某点。 6．说明贸易条件变化如何影响国际贸易利益在两国间的分配。 答案提示：一国出口产品价格的相对上升意味着此国可以用较少的出口换得较多的进口产品，有利于此国贸易利益的获得，不过，出口价格上升将不利于出口数量的增加，有损于出口国的贸易利益；与此类似，出口商品价格的下降有利于出口商品数量的增加，但是这意味着此国用较多的出口换得较少的进口产品。对于进口国来讲，贸易条件变化对国际贸易利益的影响是相反的。 7．如果国际贸易发生在一个大国和一个小国之间，那么贸易后，国际相对价格更接近于哪一个国家在封闭下的相对价格水平?
History and Anthology of American Literature 美国文学史及选读 笔记
History and Anthology of American Literature Part I The Literature of Colonial America 1.Historical Introduction ·The first permanent English settlement in North America was established at Jamestown, Virginia in 1607. ·Among the members of the small band of Jamestown settlers was Captain John Smith. His reports of exploration have been described as the first distinctly American literature written in English. 2.Early New England Literature ·The American poets who emerged in the 17 century adapted the style of established European poets to the subject matter confronted in a strange, new environment. Anne Bradstreet was one such poet. John Smith 1.The first American writer. 2.Works: (1)A true Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony (2)A Map of Virginia with a Description of the Country (3)The General History of Virginia, New England, and the Summer Isles William Bradford & John Winthrop 1.William Bradford: 曾任普利茅斯总督 ·Work: Of Plymouth Plantation《普利茅斯垦殖记》 2.John Winthrop: 曾任马萨诸塞湾总督，波士顿总督 ·Work: The History of New England from 1630 to 1649《新英格兰历史：1630-1649》 John Cotton & Roger Williams 1.John Cotton: 清教徒牧师和作家 ·The first major intellectual spokesman of Massachusetts Bay Colony was John Cotton, sometimes called “the Patriarch of New England”. 2.Roger Williams: 出生于伦敦的进步宗教思想家，曾长期受到英国殖民当局的迫害 ·He was interested in the Indian language ·Work：A Key into the Language of America 《阿美利加语言的钥匙》 Anne Bradstreet & Edward Taylor 1.Anne Bradstreet：美国第一位作品得以发表的女诗人 ·Work：The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung up in America《第十位缪斯》 2.Edward Taylor：美国清教派牧师和诗人，被公认为美国19世纪前最重要的诗人 ·The best of the Puritan poets Part II The Literature of Reason and Revolution 1.Background: In the seventies of the eighteenth century the English colonies in North America rose in arms against their mother country. The War of Independence lasted for eight years(1775-1783) and ended in the formation of a federative bourgeois democratic republic—the United States of America. 2.American Enlightenment（美国启蒙运动）dealt a decisive blow to the Puritan traditions and brought to life secular
国际经济学(英文版)
Chapter 13 Balance of Payment 13.1 Introduction International finance: examination of the monetary aspects of international economics Balance of Payment: a summary statement in which all the transactions of the nation’s residents with the foreigners are recorded during a certain period. Main purpose of BOP: inform the government of the international position of the nation; to help it in its monetary, fiscal and trade policies. BOP traits: The BOP aggregates all the trades into a few categories Only the net balance of each type of international capital flow is included International transaction: Exchange of a good, service or assets between the residents of two nations. Gifts and certain transfers + International Transactions People Concerning BOP: Diplomats, soldiers, tourists and workers belong to motherland Corporation: motherland/ foreign branches: local International institutions: nowhere 13.2 BOP Accounting Principles Credit transactions: involve the receipt of payments from foreigners + Exports, unilateral transfers and goods received, capital inflow Capital inflow: an increase in foreign assets in the nation/本国持有外国资产上升 a reduction in the nation’s assets abroad/本国在外资产减少 Debit transactions: involve the making of payments to the foreigners - Imports, unilateral transfers or gifts paid, capital outflow Capital Outflow: an increase in the nation’s assets abroad a reduction in foreign assets in the nation Double-Entry Bookkeeping: each international transaction is recorded twice, once as a credit and once as a debit of an equal amount. 5 Examples in Textbooks 13.3 The International Transactions of the USA rounding. The official reserve assets: ?Gold holdings of monetary authorities黄金储备 ?Special Drawing Rights特别提款权(paper gold) International reserves created on the books of the IMF and distributed to member nations according to importance in international trade ?The reserve position in the IMF在IMF的头寸 The reserves paid in by the nation on joining the IMF, which the nation can then borrow automatically and without questions asked in case of need ?The official foreign currency holdings of monetary authorities外汇储备 Statistical Discrepancy: This is required to make the total credits equal to the total debits, as required by double-entry bookkeeping. 13.4 Accounting Balances and Disequilibrium in International Transactions Autonomous transactions: transactions in current account + capital account Take place for business or profit motives and independently of BOP considerations Items above the line Current account: All sales and purchases of currency produced goods and services, investment incomes, and unilateral transfers Link between the nation’s international transactions and its national income Current account surplus stimulates domestic production and income. Current account deficit dampens domestic production and income. Capital account: The changes in US-owned assets abroad and foreign-owned assets in the US other than official reserve assets Change in reserves reflects government policy rather than the market force. Accommodating transactions: Transactions in official reserve assets Items below the line The accommodating items form the Official Reserve Account. The balance on the official reserve account is called the Official Settlements Balance. Deficit in the BOP: The excess of debits over credits in the current and capital accounts The excess of credits over debits in official reserve account Surplus in the BOP: The excess of debits over credits in official reserve account The excess of credits over debits in the current and capital accounts
国际经济学课后答案解析
第一章绪论 1、列举出体现当前国际经济学问题的一些重要事件，他们为什么重要？他们都是怎么影响中国与欧、美、日的经济和政治关系的？当前的国际金融危机最能体现国际经济学问题，其深刻地影响了世界各国的金融、实体经济、政治等领域，也影响了各国之间的关系因此显得尤为重要；其对中国与欧、美、日的政治和经济关系的影响为：减少中国对上述国家的出口，影响中国外汇储备，贸易摩擦加剧，经济联系加强，因而也会导致中国与上述国家在政治上的对话与合作。 2、我们如何评价一国与他国之间的相互依赖程度？我们可以通过一国的对外贸易依存度来评价该国与他国之间的相互依赖程度，也可以通过其他方式来评价比如一国政府政策的溢出效应和回震效应以及对外贸易对国民生活水平的影响。 3、国际贸易理论及国际贸易政策研究的内容是什么？为什么说他们是国际经济学的微观方面?国际贸易理论分析贸易的基础和所得，国际贸易政策考察贸易限制和新保护主义的原因和效果。国际贸易理论和政策是国际经济学的微观方面，因为他们把国家看作基本单位，并研究单个商品的（相对）价格。 4、什么是外汇交易市场及国际收支平衡表？调节国际收支平衡意味着什么？为什么说他们是国际经济学的宏观方面？什么是宏观开放经济学及国际金融？外汇交易市场描述一国货币与他国货币交换的框架，国际收支平衡表测度了一国与外部世界交易的总收入与总支出的情况。调节国际收支平衡意味着调节一国与外部世界交易出现的不均衡（赤字或盈余）；由于国际收支平衡表涉及总收入和总支出，调节政策影响国家收入水平和价格总指数，因而他们是国际经济学的宏观方面；外汇交易及国际收支平衡调节涉及总收入和总支出，调整政策影响国家收入水平和价格总指数，这些内容被称为宏观开放经济学或国际金融。 5、浏览报刊并做下列题目：（1）找出5条有关国际经济学的新闻（2）每条新闻对中国经济的重要性或影响（3）每条新闻对你个人有何影响 A (1) 国际金融危机: 影响中国整体经济,降低出口、增加失业、经济减速等 (2) 美国大选：影响中美未来经济政治关系 (3) 石油价格持续下跌：影响中国的能源价格及相关产业 (4) 可口可乐收购汇源被商务部否决：《反垄断法》的第一次实施，加强经济法治 (5) 各国政府经济刺激方案：对中国经济产生外部性效应B 以上5条新闻对个人影响为：影响个人消费水平和就业前景 第二章比较优势理论 1、重商主义者的贸易观点如何？他们的国家财富概念与现在有何不同？重商主义者主张政府应当竭尽所能孤立出口，不主张甚至限制商品（尤其是奢侈类消费品）。重商主义者认为国家富强的方法是尽量使出口大于进口，而出超的结果是金银等贵重金属流入，而一个国家拥有越多的金银，就越富有越强大。现在认为一个国家生产力即生产商品的能力越高则一国越富强 2、亚当.斯密主张的贸易基础和贸易模式分别是什么？贸易所得是如何产生的？斯密倡导什么样的国际贸易基础？他认为政府在经济生活中的适当功能是什么？亚当.斯密主张的贸易基础是绝对优势；贸易模式为两国通过专门生产自己有绝对优势的产品并用其中一部分来交换器有绝对劣势的商品。通过生产绝对优势商品并交换，资源可以被最有效的使用，而且两种商品的产出会有很大的增长，通过交换就会消费比以前更多的商品从而产生了贸易所得；斯密倡导自由贸易，主张自由放任也就是政府尽可能少干涉经济
国际经济学答案答案中文版
Home's PPF 200400600800200400600800 Q apple Q banana Foreign's PPF 200400600800100080160240320400 Q*apple Q*banana Chapter 2 1a.画出本国的生产可能性边界： b. 用香蕉衡量的苹果的机会成本是， 5.1=Lb La a a c ．劳动力的自由流动使两部门的工资率相等，自由竞争使得他们生产两种产品的机会成本相同。相对价格等于相对成本，后者可以表示为(*)/(*)a a b b w a w a ，由于两部门间的工资率相等，a b w w ∴=，只有在Lb La b a /a a /P P =，两种商品才都会被生产。所以 1.5 /P P b a = 2a. b. 3 a. a b b a /P P /D D =∵当市场达到均衡时, 1b a ) (D D -**=++=b a b b a a P P Q Q Q Q ∴RD 是一条双曲线 x y 1 =
b.苹果的均衡相对价格由RD 和RS 的交点决定: RD: y x 1 = RS: 5 ]5,5.1[5.1],5.0(5.0) 5.0,0[=∈=??? ??+∞∈=∈y y y x x x ∴x=0.5, y=2 ∴2/=b P a P e e c. ∵b a b e a e b a P P P P P P ///>>**∴只有两个国家的时候，本国专门生产苹果，出口苹果并进口香蕉：外国则正好相反。 d ． 国际贸易允许本国和外国在阴影区内任何一点消费，专门生产某种产品然后和另一个国家进行贸易的间接方式，要比直接生产该商品的方式更有效率。在没有贸易时，本国要生产3单位的香蕉必须放弃2单位的苹果，外国要生产1单位的苹果要放弃5单位的香蕉。贸易允许两国以两单位香蕉交换一单位苹果。通过出让2单位苹果，本国可以获得四单位的香蕉；而外国可以用2单位向交换得1单位苹果。所以两个国家都从贸易中获利。 4. RD: y x 1 = RS: 5 ]5,5.1[5 .1] ,1(1)1,0[=∈=?? ???+∞∈=∈y y y x x x →5.13 2==y x →5.1/=b P a P e e 在这种情况下，外国将专门生产并出口香蕉，进口苹果。但本国将同时生产香蕉和苹果，并且香蕉相对于苹果的机会成本在本国是相同的。所以本国既没有得益也没有受损，但外国从贸易中获益了。 5.在这种情况下，劳动力总量加倍了而劳动生产率减半，所以有效劳动力总量仍是相同的。答案类似于第三小题，两国都从贸易中获益了。但是，相对于第四小题，外国的获益减少了。 6.实际上，相对工资率由相应的劳动生产率和对产品的相对需求决定。韩国的低工资率反映了韩国大部分行业的劳动生产率比美国低。和低劳动生产率，低工资率的国家进行贸易可以提高像美国那样高劳动生产率国家的福利和生活水平。所以这种贫民劳动论是错误的。
《美国文学史及选读》考研吴伟仁版考研复习笔记和真题
《美国文学史及选读》考研吴伟仁版考研复 习笔记和真题 第一部分殖民地时期的美国文学 第1章约翰·史密斯 1.1 复习笔记 I. Historical Introduction (历史背景) (1) At the beginning of the seventeenth century, the vast continental area that was to become the United States had been probed only slightly by English and European explorers. At last early in the seventeenth century, the English settlements in Virginia and Massachusetts began the main stream of what we recognize as the American national history. (2) The colonies that became the first United States were for the most part sustained by English traditions, ruled by English laws, supported by English commerce, and named after English monarchs and English lands. (3) The first writings that we call American were the narratives and journals of the settlements. They wrote about their voyage to the new land, about adapting to new life and dealing with Indians; they wrote letters, contracts, government charters, religious and political statements. (4) The first permanent English settlement in North America was established at Jamestown, Virginia in 1607. Among the members of the small band of Jamestown settlers was Captain John Smith, an English soldier of fortune.
国际经济学英文题库(最全版附答案)
【国际经济学】英文题库 Chapter 1: Introduction Multiple-Choice Questions 1. Which of the following products are not produced at all in the United States? *A. Coffee, tea, cocoa B. steel, copper, aluminum C. petroleum, coal, natural gas D. typewriters, computers, airplanes 2. International trade is most important to the standard of living of: A. the United States *B. Switzerland C. Germany D. England 3. Over time, the economic interdependence of nations has: *A. grown B. diminished C. remained unchanged D. cannot say 4. A rough measure of the degree of economic interdependence of a nation is given by: A. the size of the nations' population B. the percentage of its population to its GDP *C. the percentage of a nation's imports and exports to its GDP D. all of the above 5. Economic interdependence is greater for: *A. small nations
浙大图书馆2017年12月经济类新书推荐
浙大图书馆2017年12月经济类新书推荐 各位老师： 浙大图书馆2017年12月经济类新书书目如下，请参阅。检索网址： https://www.sodocs.net/doc/1d18673915.html,:8991/F/?func=file&file_name=hotinfo 图书资料与档案室 2017年12月1日 附：2017年12月经济类新书书目 1.博弈论教程(作者：王则柯) 2.计量经济学基础与STATA应用(作者：胡咏梅) 3.宏观经济学 :理论与政策 :theories and policies(作者：弗罗恩) 4.基于EVIEWS的金融计量学(作者：汪昌云) 5.国富国穷 :why some are so rick and some so poor(作者：兰德斯) 6.高级宏观经济学(作者：何樟勇) 7.应用计量经济学(作者：施图德蒙德) 8.公共经济学 :财政学(作者：蒋洪) 9.数理金融理论与模型(作者：李胜宏) 10.期货市场 :理论与实务 :theory and practice(作者：徐雪) 11.EViews统计分析在计量经济学中的应用(作者：刘家国) 12.经济就那么回事儿(作者：陈斯文) 13.博弈入门(作者：奥斯本) 14.中国经济创造之路(作者：黄海峰) 15.以交易为生 :珍藏版(作者：埃尔德) 16.博弈论与经济模型(作者：赵耀华) 17.微观经济计量学 :方法与应用(作者：卡梅伦) 18.凯恩斯方案 :通向全球经济复苏与繁荣之路 :the path to global economic prosperity(作 者：戴维森) 19.证券物理学. 第一卷, 原理及应用(作者：彭商强) 20.微观经济学 :现代观点(作者：范里安) 21.商业银行管理(作者：罗斯) 22.经济地理学 :区域和国家一体化 :the integration of regions and nations(作者：库姆 斯) 23.管理的常识 :让管理发挥绩效的7个基本概念(作者：陈春花) 24.创业的现实 :另类创业百科 :the irreverent guide to outsmarting, outmanaging and outmarketi(作者：川崎)
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第1章国际贸易理论的微观基础 1.1 课后习题详解 1．为什么说生产和消费只取决于相对价格？ 答：相对价格是两种或多种商品之间的价格对比关系。生产和消费只取决于相对价格，这是因为： 当生产处于生产可能性边界线上，资源则得到了充分利用，这时，要想增加某一产品的生产，必须降低另一产品的生产，也就是说，增加某一产品的生产是有机会成本（或社会成本）的，也就是以另一种产品的产量为机会成本。生产可能性边界上任何一点都表示生产效率和充分就业得以实现，但究竟选择哪一点，则还要看两个商品的相对价格，即它们在市场上的交换比率。相对价格等于机会成本时，生产点在生产可能性边界上的位置也就确定了。所以，生产和消费只取决于相对价格。 2．仿效（教材中）图1-6和图1-7，试推导出Y商品的国民供给曲线和国民需求曲线。 答：在图1-1（a）中，横坐标表示Y商品的供给，纵坐标表示X商品的供给，得出相应的生产可能性边界线；在图1-1（b）中，横坐标表示Y商品的供给，纵坐标表示Y商品的相对价格P Y/P X。Y商品的国民供给曲线和国民需求曲线的推导如下： 首先，推导Y商品的国民供给曲线NS Y。任意选取Y商品的三个不同的相对价格：1/2、1和2。这三条相对价格线与生产可能性边界线的切点分别决定了三个生产均衡点D、E、F，对应于这三点的Y商品的产出分别为：S1、S2、S3。在图1-1（b）中，横坐标表示Y商品的供给，纵坐标表示Y商品的相对价格，根据图1-1（a），在图1-1（b）中画出对应于各
个相对价格的Y商品的供给量，最后得出一条曲线NS Y，即Y商品的国民供给曲线。该曲线斜率为正，表示随着Y商品的相对价格的提高，其供给水平也随之提高。 采用同样的方法，可得出国民需求曲线ND Y，如图1-2所示。 3．在只有两种商品的情况下，当一种商品达到均衡时，另一种商品是否也同时达到均衡？试解释原因。 答：在只有两种商品的情况下，当一种商品达到均衡时，另一种商品也同时达到均衡。理由如下： 在只有两种商品的情况下，生产要素只能在两者间分配，两种商品间的相对价格是唯一的世界市场价格。当其中一种商品达到均衡时，该商品的相对价格得以确定，其供给与需求
克鲁格曼国际经济学(第六版)的教师手册(含英文习题答案)imch19
CHAPTER 19 MACROECONOMIC POLICY AND COORDINATION UNDER FLOATING EXCHANGE RATES Chapter Organization The Case For Floating Exchange Rates Monetary Policy Autonomy Symmetry Exchange Rates as Automatic Stabilizers The Case Against Floating Exchange Rates Discipline Destabilizing Speculation and Money Market Disturbances Injury to International Trade and Investment Uncoordinated Economic Policies The Illusion of Greater Autonomy Case Study: Exchange Rate Experience Between the Oil Shocks, 1973 - 1980 The First Oil Shock and Its Effects, 1973 - 1975 Revising the IMF's Charter, 1975 - 1976 The Weak Dollar, 1976 - 1979 The Second Oil Shock, 1979 - 1980 Macroeconomic Interdependence Under a Floating Rate Case Study: Disinflation, Growth, Crisis, and Recession 1980 - 2001 Disinflation and the 1981 - 1983 Recession Fiscal Policies, the Current Account, and the Resurgence of Protectionism From the Plaza to the Louvre and Beyond: Trying to Manage Exchange Rates Global Slump Once Again, Recovery, Crisis, and Slowdown What Has Been Learned Since 1973? Monetary Policy Autonomy Symmetry The Exchange Rate as an Automatic Stabilizer Discipline Destabilizing Speculation International Trade and Investment
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李坤望国际经济学第四版课后习题答案(自整理)教学教材
李坤望国际经济学第四版课后习题答案(自 整理)
第一章 1.封闭条件下，中国和美国的小麦与布的交换比率分别为1:4和2:5,那么在两国之间展开贸易后，小麦与布之间的交换比率可能为. A.1:6 B.2:6 C.3:6 D.4:6 2.在机会成本递增条件下，只要各国在生产同样产品时存在着价格差异，那么比较利益理论就仍然有效。这种说法是否正确? A.正确 B.不正确 3.作为新贸易理论的核心基础之一，规模经济意味着随着产量增加，() A.平均成本与边际成本都下降 B. 平均成本变化不确定,边际成本下降 C. 平均成本下降 D.平均成本与边际成本都上升 4.以下说法中，()是错误的。 A.绝对优势理论是以机会成本不变为前提的，而相对优势理论则是以机会成本递增为前提的 B.相对优势理论可以部分地解释经济技术发展水平和层次不同的国家之间进行贸易的基础 C.生产要素禀赋理论用生产要素禀赋的差异解释国际贸易产生的动因 D.无论是生产技术差异还是生产要素禀赋差异导致国际贸易产生,都是以两国之间同一产品的价格存在差异为前提
第二章 1.下列() 属于李嘉图模型的假定前提条件。 A.生产过程中使用资本和劳动力两种要素 B.没有运输成本和其他交易成本 C.生产要素可以在两国间自由流动 D.生产要素非充分利用因此机会成本不变 2.下列()不属于重商主义的观点。 A.货币是财富的唯一表现形式 B.通过国际贸易可以提高所有贸易参与国的福利水平 C.出口意味着贵金属的流入 D.进口意味着贵金属的流出 3.下列关于技术差异论的表述哪一项是不正确的() A.分为绝对技术差异论与相对技术差异论 B.劳动力在国内两个部门之间自由流动，而且机会成本保持不变 C.参与贸易的两个国家福利水平都可以得到提高 D.一国比另一国家的技术优势越大，则通过国际贸易获得的福利增加越大 4.下列哪一条不是重商主义的理论主张() A.贸易不是“零和”的 B.多卖少买，保持贸易顺差，是获得财富的基本原则 C.国家应干预经济，鼓励出口，限制进口 D.金银货币是财富的唯一形态
美国文学史笔记
文学史笔记： 一、Early American and colonial period (1607-1765) (religious conflicts Catholism vs.Puritanism) 1.Puritanism: 1.) Simply speaking , American Puritanism just refers to the spirit and ideal of puritans,who settled in the North American continent in the early part of the seventeenth century because of religious persecutions.In content it means scrupulous ,moral rigor ,especially hostility to social pleasures and indulgences,that is strictness,sternness and austerity in conduct and religion. 2.)with time passing it became a dominant factor in American life , one of the most enduring shaping influences in American thought and literature .To some extent it is a state of mind , a part of the national cultural atmosphere that the American breathes ,rather than a set of tenets. 3.）Actually it is a code of values , a philosophy of life and a point of view in American minds , also a two-faceted tradition of religious idealism and level -headed in common sense . 2.The main features of this period 1).American literature grew out of humble origins. Diaries, histories, journals, letters, commonplace books, travel books, sermons, in short, personal literature in its various forms, occupy a major position in the literature of the early colonial period.